Water Supply Pipes

Valves

Fire Hydrants

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 Water Supply Pipes
• Various types of pipes are available for the
purpose.
• Following points should be considered for
selection:
I. Strength
II. Carrying Capacity (size/diameter)
III. Durability (life)
IV. First Cost
V. Jointing & Maintenance Cost
VI. Type of Water to be conveyed (nature)
VII. Transportation Cost
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 Types of Pipes
1. Cast Iron Pipes
2. Steel Pipes
3. Ductile Pipes
4. Galvanized Iron Pipes
5. Concrete Pipes
6. Asbestos Cement Pipes
7. Polyvinyl Chlorine (PVC) Pipes
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 Types of Pipes
1. Cast Iron Pipes:
• Most widely used for city water supplies.
• Average life = 100 Years
• Corrosion may reduce its capacity by 70%.
• Must be lined with cement or bitumen.
• C = 130 for New Pipes
• C = 100 for Old Pipes (for designing).
Where C = Coefficient of Roughness in
Hazen-William Formula.
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 Types of Pipes
2. Steel Pipes:
• Contains Less Carbon than Cast Iron Pipes.
• Frequently used for TRUNK MAINS.
• Much Stronger and Lighter than C.I. Pipes.
• Cheaper than C.I. Pipes.
• Can not withstand Vacuum, hence collapse.
• Highly Susceptible to Corrosion, hence high
Maintenance charges required.
• Average Life = 25 – 50 Years. 6
 Types of Pipes
3. Ductile Pipes:
• Similar to C.I. pipes except Increased
Ductility (Property of a metal, of being
capable to be drawn out into a wire).
• Ductile iron is produced by adding a
controlled amount of Mg into molten iron
of low Sulphur and phosphorus content.
• Stronger, Tougher & more Elastic than C.I.
• More Expensive than C.I. Pipes.
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 Types of Pipes
4. Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Pipes:
• Produced by dipping Cast Iron pipes in
Molten Zinc.
• In this pipe, zinc erodes and Cast iron
remains same.
• Resistant to Corrosion.
• Mainly used for plumbing (Small diameter
pipes).
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 Types of Pipes
5. Concrete Pipes:
• Usual size of RCC Pipes is 400mm and
above.
• Not subjected to corrosion.
• Manufactured at or near site as
transportation and handling cost is high.
• Average Life = 75 Years.
• C = 138 to 152
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 Types of Pipes
6. Asbestos Cement (A.C.) Pipes:
• Sizes = 100mm to 600mm.
• Average life = 30 Years
• Immune to actions of Acids, Salts, Soils,
Corrosions.
• Less Cost for laying and jointing.
• Less pumping cost due to less friction.
• Lung Cancer can happen by inhaling A.C.
• C = 140.
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 Types of Pipes
7. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)Pipes:
• Mainly used for Domestic Plumbing.
• Easy to install and easy to handle.
• Cheaper in Material Cost.
• Weak to sustain load.
• Only available upto 350mm diameter size.
• Expected Life = 25 Years

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 Valves
A device for controlling the passage of fluid
through a pipe or duct, especially an
automatic device which allows movement in
one direction only.
Valves are used to:
• Regulate flow
• Regulate pressure
• Cut off supply for repair purposes
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 Location of Valves
• Two valves at each
intersection.
• One valve at fire
hydrant.
• One valve for each
400m length of pipe.
• On average 8-valves per
kilometer of main.
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 Types of Valves
1. Gate Valve (Sluice Valve):
It is used to shut off water supply mains for
repair and generally placed at street
corners where lines intersect.
2. Butterfly Valve:
These are used in filter Plants and high
pressure distribution system in order to
shut off supply very slowly to avoid water
hammer.
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 Types of Valves
3. Air Relief Valve:
It allows the accumulated air in the pipe to
escape. It also allows the external air to
enter the pipe to break the vacuum.
4. Globe Valve: (S-Shaped)
They are used in the plumbing system on
smaller pipes. They create a lot of head
loss.

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 Types of Valves
5. Check Valve:
Check valve Permits water to flow in one
direction only and it is used in pumping
station and at apex points in pipe line.
6. Blow-off Valve:
It is used to drain a line or to remove the
accumulated sediments located at low
points.
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 Types of Valves
7. Pressure Regulating Valve:
They reduce pressure automatically on
down stream side to any desired
magnitude. They function by using the u/s
pressure to throttle the flow through an
opening like in globe valve.

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 Types of Valves
8. Altitude Valve:
It is used to close automatically a supply
line to an elevated tank when full.

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Overview of Functioning of Valves

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 Fire Hydrants
• Used to deliver water from the
main for Fire Fighting.
• Should have at least two 2 hose
outlets and a larger pumper
outlet.
• A single hose stream should
give 1m3/min flow.
• Located at street intersections
1-2m from the edge of road.
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 Fire Hydrants
• Outlet of the hydrant
should be at least 0.5m
above road surface.

• Generally painted in
RED Color for easy
identification.

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