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In: Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. and George Tchobanoglous. Wastewater In: Warren Viessman, Jr. and Mark Hammer. Water Supply and Pollution
Engineering: Collection and Pumping of Wastewater. McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1981. Control, Sixth Edition. Addison-Wesley. 1998. Table 6-1.
Table 2-2.
1
Hazen-Williams Equation Channel Characteristics: Hydraulic Radius and
Description of Pipe Value of C Wetted Perimeter
Cast iron 130
New 130 • Wetted Perimeter – surface of pipe or channel where
5 years old 120 fluid is touching (accounts for areas where friction
10 years old 110
effects are occurring).
20 years old 90 – 100
– Not used to describe any area that is open to the atmosphere
since friction contact with the atmosphere is negligible.
30 years old 75 – 90
Concrete 120
Cement lined 140
Welded steel As for cast iron 5 years older
Riveted steel As for cast iron 10 years older
Plastic 150
Asbestos Cement 140
In: Terence McGhee. Water Supply and Sewerage, Sixth Edition. McGraw-Hill. 1991.
Q = VA
A = area = πD2/4
P = circumference = πD
R = A/P = (πD2/4)/(πD) = D/4
2
Hazen-Williams Equation Hazen-Williams Equation
• For circular pipes flowing full, the Hazen-Williams • Substituting into Hazen-Williams:
formula can be restated: V [ ft / sec] = 1.318CR 0.63S 0.54
Conversion Factor: V [ ft / sec] A[ ft 2 ] = 1.318 ACR 0.63S 0.54
1 ft 3 / sec(7.48 gal / ft 3) = 7.48 gal / sec π
0.63
⎛D⎞
Q[ ft 3 / sec] = 1.318 D 2C ⎜ ⎟ S 0.54
7.48 gal / sec(60 sec/ min ) = 448 gal / min 4 ⎝4⎠
0.63
448 gal / min(60 min/ hr )(24hr / day ) = 646,272 gal / day ⎛D⎞
Q = 1.035 D 2 ⎜ ⎟ CS 0.54
646,272 gal / day ≅ 0.646 million gal/day ⎝4⎠
Conversion Factor = 0.646 MGD / cfs ⎛ 1.035 ⎞
Q = ⎜ 0.63 ⎟CD 2.63 S 0.54
⎝ 4 ⎠
Q = 0.432CD 2.63 S 0.54 [units of ft 3 /sec and ft]
3
Hazen-Williams Equation
From: Water Supply and
Pollution Control, Sixth
Edition. Warren Viessman, Example:
Jr., and Mark J. Hammer.
Addison Wesley, 1998. • Determine the head loss in a 1000-m pipeline with a
diameter of 500 mm that is discharging 0.25 m3/sec.
Assume that the Hazen-Williams coefficient for the
pipe equals 130.
Given: L = 1000 m
D = 0.5 m
Q = 0.25 m3/sec
C = 130