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ARCI
ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17
ARCI is an Autonomous R&D
Centre of Department of
Science and Technology (DST),
Government of India, set-up with
a mission to develop unique,
novel and techno-commercially
viable technologies in the area
of advanced materials and
subsequently transfer them to
industries.
CONTENTS
Director’s Report ..... v
THRUST AREAS Centre for Automotive Energy Materials (CAEM) ..... 2
Centre for Solar Energy Materials (CSEM) ..... 14
Centre for Nanomaterials (CNM) ..... 24
Nanomaterials Centre for Engineered Coatings (CEC) ..... 36
Centre for Ceramic Processing (CCP) ..... 47
Engineered Coatings Centre for Laser Processing of Materials (CLPM) ..... 53
Centre for Fuel Cell Technology (CFCT) ..... 59
Centre for Non-Oxide Ceramics (CNOC) ..... 65
Ceramic Processing
Centre for Carbon Materials (CCM) ..... 69
Centre for Sol-Gel Coatings (CSOL) ..... 72
Laser Materials Processing Centre for Material Characterization and Testing (CMCT) ..... 77
Project ‘Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience
and Technology (CKMNT)’ ..... 82
Fuel Cells Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and
International Cooperation (CTATIC) ..... 83
Sol-Gel Coatings Support Groups ..... 90
Events, Data and Statistics ..... 96
Patents’ Portfolio ..... 122
Solar Energy Materials Publications ..... 128
Personnel ..... 138
Automotive Energy Materials Financial Report ..... 141
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
GOVERNING COUNCIL
DIRECTOR
Chairman TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUPS
Dr. G. Padmanabham
Prof. P. Rama Rao (Director-in-charge till 06/10/2016)
Former Secretary, DST, Govt. of India
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
Dr. Roy Johnson
Dr. R. Gopalan Dr. Tata Narasinga Rao
(from 07/10/2016)
Centre for Automotive Energy Materials Centre for Solar Energy Materials
i
International Advanced Research Centre
for Powder Metallurgy & New Materials (ARCI)
Governing Council (as on March 31, 2017)
iiii
International Advanced Research Centre
for Powder Metallurgy & New Materials (ARCI)
Technical Advisory Groups (as on March 31, 2017)
Chairman and Members of Technical Advisory Group (TAG) of each Centre of Excellence
iii
Dr. G. Madhusudan Reddy Centre for Materials Characterization and Testing
OS & Group Head, Metal Joining Group
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory Prof. Indradev Samajdar (Chairman)
Hyderabad Department of Metallurgical Engineering & Materials Science
Indian Institute of Technology - Bombay
Prof. Ashish Kumar Nath
Department of Mechanical Engineering Prof. B. S. Murty
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Head, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology - Madras
Dr. Kamalesh Dasgupta
Outstanding Scientist, Laser & Plasma Technology Division Dr. Samir V Kamat
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai OS & Director
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad
Centre for Fuel Cell Technology
Prof. Satyam Suwas
Dr. J. Narayana Das (Chairman) Professor, Department of Materials Engineering
Rtd. OS & CC R&D (NSM & HR) – DRDO Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
iv
Director's Report
A considerable progress on nanomaterials, nano-composite coatings and ceramics research has been achieved and
a few to highlight are: development of carbon based nanoelectrode for metal-ion batteries; nano lubrication using
graphene as additive in oil; sodium beta alumina as solid electrolyte with an ionic conductivity in the range of
2-6x10-2 S/cm; hexavalent chrome-free, self-healing coatings on aluminum and magnesium alloys using organic/
inorganic encapsulation of corrosion inhibitor; and durable ultra-hydrophobic surfaces using a combination of
laser texturing and sol-gel coatings.
On the advanced manufacturing side, the cold spray technology, pulsed electrodeposition technology and the
next generation detonation coating technology have reached industrial readiness and the same have been offered
for technology transfer to interested companies. A technology demonstration centre on laser based metal additive
manufacturing has been established jointly with SLM Solutions and Design Tech Systems Limited for development of
next generation aerospace components, bio-medical devices and tools. Laser hardening process has been developed
for roller bearing elements with controlled distortion, surface finish which has resulted in a substantial improvement
in tribological performance.
The characterization capabilities of ARCI have been enhanced substantially with establishment of a joint demonstration
centre for advanced nanomechanical characterization in collaboration with Nanomechanics Inc, USA, a global leader
in development of nanomechanical testing methodologies. The joint centre will develop equipment and testing
methodologies not only to support the ongoing technology development activities at ARCI, but also is expected to
accelerate the growth of the nanomechanical testing market in India.
In terms of outreach efforts, this year has been very eventful. Successful completion of 20 years of operation of ARCI
was celebrated on 27-28 February 2017 in the form of an event ARCI TechEx 2017, showcasing various technologies
and capabilities of ARCI. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) partnered in organizing the event by mobilizing
participation of industry representatives. The event comprised of a technology exhibition; business opportunity
workshops on “Engineered Coatings” and “Fuel Cell Technologies”; eminent Science Day Lectures by Prof P Rama
Rao and Prof V S Ramamurthy; and eminent panel discussion on “Perspectives and Challenges in Materials and
v
Director's Report
Manufacturing R&D”. Dr. Y S Chowdary, Hon’ble Minister of State for S&T and Earth Sciences inaugurated the event
and also the new building of “Centre for Engineered Coatings”. Dr. Satheesh Reddy, Scientific Adviser to Raksha Mantri
inaugurated the Additive Manufacturing Technology Demonstration Centre jointly established with SLM International
GmBH. The event attracted as many as 140 industrial representatives, 100 academic and R&D personnel and 600
students. Several entrepreneurs showed keen interest in various ARCI technologies. The Centre partnered with the Indian
Ceramic Society to organize an International Conference on “Ceramics, Glass and Refractories - Emerging Innovations”
at Hyderabad and also hosted a workshop on “Advanced Ceramic Processing and Fabrication” during December, 2016.
The Centre also organized a one day conference on “Future of Indian Automotive Industry: Lasers and its Applications”
in association with Messe Muenchen India co-located with Laser World of Photonics India at BIEC, Bengaluru.
On the technology transfer and commercialistation front, the nano silver based suspension technology for antibacterial
application on textiles received the prestigious TDB National Award 2016 from President of India for successful
commercialization of an indigenous technology. Transfer of technology for manufacture of silica aerogel sheets for
thermal insulation purposes was effected through process demonstration to technology receivers and evolution of a
productionisation plan by them. A technology transfer agreement for laser cladding technology for life extension of
thermal power plant components was signed. Cold spray and detonation spray coating technologies were offered for
transfer.
In summary, ARCI has made significant progress in terms of developing new materials and processes and progressing
a number of technologies towards transfer to industry contributing to the Make in India campaign. At the same time
we could strike a good balance in terms of basic research as well with 70 publications at an average impact factor of
3. The new major initiatives on additive manufacturing and nanomechanical characterization are expected to yield
substantial benefits to the centre as well as the country in general. Similarly, the outreach efforts taken up during the
year are likely to yield many more projects and useful collaborations to effectively utilize ARCI’s capabilities towards
improved delivery of materials, products and processes.
I would like to thank all the employees for their dedication in implementing various activities. Significant contributions
by each of the scientist/technical officers during the year are given in this report. I sincerely acknowledge the support of
DST, very learned guidance of our eminent Governing Council and mentorship of various Technical Advisory Groups in
steering the R&D programmes. The performance indicators of ARCI are presented below:
Performance Indicators
Parameters 2015-16 2016-17
Papers in Refereed Journals 134 137
Chapters in Books 2 11
Papers in Conferences and Invited Lectures 159 193
No. of Ph.Ds. Produced 1 2
Foreign Patent Applications (inventions awaiting grant)** 5 7
Foreign Patents Granted** 11# 14#
Indian Patent Applications (awaiting grant)** 71 79
Indian Patents Granted** 24 26
No. of Technologies/Designs and Other IP Commercialized 15 13
Number of Technology Leads Awaiting Transfer 15 21
Research Manpower Trained (other than PhDs) 26 09
Technical Manpower Trained 407 118
B. Tech/UG Projects Guided 62 38
M. Tech./M. Sc./M. Phil Projects Guided 78 52
(G
G. Padmana
Padmanabham
na
abh
ham )
vi
Director's Report
Contribution Towards
National Missions
Make in India
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technologies (e.g., detonation spray and portable
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napkin GreenDispo incinerators based on ceramic
honeycombs.
1
Centre for Automotive Energy Materials
T The Centre of Automotive Energy Materials (CAEM) is located at Indian Institute of Technology Madras Research Park, Chennai.
The Centre’s objective is to demonstrate technologies based on materials and components of importance to Indian automotive
industry and provide technical support to their current and potential problems. The Centre’s activities are divided into three main
parts (i) development of materials and technology related to lithium-ion battery (LIB) for electric vehicle (EV) application; (ii)
development of soft and hard magnetic materials for motors and alternators in automotive application; and (iii) development of
thermoelectric device particularly for waste heat recovery on automobile exhaust for conversion of heat energy into power.
In the LIB activity, the major achievement during the year was, successful development of prototype LIB module of capacity 48V, 10
Ah (480 Wh) and demonstration of its performance on an E-cycle and an E-scooter under no-load condition. Capacity retention of
> 98% after 15 cycles was observed. While a few EV manufactures have shown interest in this technology and are willing to validate
the LIB modules in their vehicles, the centre extended support to Mahindra Electric Ltd., in terms of testing and failure analysis of
their EV batteries.
In the field of magnetic materials, a prototype brushed DC motor of capacity 24V, 35W was fabricated in collaboration with Horse
Motors using indigenously developed Fe-P alloy. This showed better output power and torque than the commercially available
Si-steel motor. The Centre has also provided technical inputs in terms of metallurgical investigations for performance analysis
of alternators and magnetic property measurements for some user companies. In the area of thermoelectric devices, a test rig
replicating the typical exhaust conditions of a 1.2 liters diesel car engine has been designed.
The above major activities are currently being executed under the aegis of Technology Research Centre (TRC) project on Alternative
Energy Materials and Systems sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology at a cost of Rs 91.5 crores spread over 5 years,
with an aim to translate the research results into technologies and products. In addition to the above, two more new activities have
also been initiated under the TRC, viz. Sodium-ion batteries for energy storage application and magneto-calorimetric materials
for high energy-efficient and environmental friendly room temperature magnetic refrigeration technology based on research on
some futuristic materials.
During the last year, the Centre has established many new facilities such as pouch cell fabrication line, adhesive-peal strength
tester, Karl-Fischer titration system, FE SEM, FT IR, potential seebeck microprobe, and microwave synthesizer.
Products Developed
R Prakash R Gopalan
rprakash@arci.res.in gopy@arci.res.in
2
Research and Technology Highlights
R Prakash rprakash@arci.res.in
-JUIJVNJPOCBUUFSJFT -*#T
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electrochemical storage technologies which anticipated to constant voltage mode at 230C. At 1C charge/discharge
substitute the conventional fossil fuels in transportation, SBUF
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as well as in effective storage of energy produced by Ah and the capacity retention of >75% after 700 cycles
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5IF
power, etc. Although LIBs have accomplished the leading capacity retention behaviour of the prototype cell at 1C
position in consumer electronic markets, they are still SBUFXBTOFBSMZFRVJWBMFOUUPUIBUPGBDPNNFSDJBMMJUIJVN
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for electric vehicle application. Moreover, LIBs are in utmost 8I
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need of further assurances of safety to cater the electric been assembled and their performance evaluation was
mobility application in full swing. carried out with appropriate loads (Fig. 2, Table 1). Charge/
discharge trials with each load have been performed for 15
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range of 25 km in a single charge and Mahindra Reva’s capacity retention at the cell level to >85% at 1C rate after
&2O car having LIB battery pack with a specification of 1000 cycles.
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both the cases, LIB is the highest cost components, which Table 1. Evaluation of prototype battery pack with appropriate loads
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of LIB cell/module is anticipated to reduce cost for about Battery Load Specifications Run Time
Module
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QMBOU GBDJMJUZ GPS UIF GBCSJDBUJPO PG MBSHF GPSNBU MJUIJVN DC motor 12V, 1A 9h 20 min @ 950 rpm
ion cells (80Ah), and established a testing facility for LIB 120 Wh Radiator fan 12V, 0.5A 18h @ 1500 rpm
DFMMNPEVMFQBDL "U$"&.
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DC motor 24V, 3A 3h 10 min @ 5300 rpm
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into the cell through fill port under vacuum and kept it for
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3
Research and Technology Highlights
M B Sahana sahanamb@arci.res.in
Derivatives of LiNiYZCoYMnyO2 (NMC) are promising cathode MJOF BMPOH XJUI UIF QPVDI DFMM DPOTUSVDUFE VTJOH JOIPVTF
materials and are currently used in many commercial lithium developed carbon coated NMC and commercial graphite.
ion batteries for electric vehicle application. However, The electrochemical characteristics are being carried out and
because of the surface degradation when charged to higher the preliminary results of cyclic charging/discharging curves
cutoff voltage, the lithium ion batteries with NMC cathode of full cell are given in Fig.2. The specific capacity of the full
DIFNJTUSZ BSF POMZ DIBSHFE VQ UP 7 *O BO BUUFNQU cell prepared using C/NMC shows higher value than that of
to reduce the surface degradation, we have developed the pristine NMC, and the cyclic stability investigations are
B OFX NFUIPE PG JOTJUV DBSCPO DPBUJOH PG /.$ XIJDI in progress.
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cells. However, the electrochemical characteristic of the
cathode material also depends on various cell fabrication
parameters such as electrode coating thickness, porosity,
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the structure property correlation of the electrodes, it is
required to fabricate full cell. In this regard we have set up a
pouch cell fabrication line, having the capability to assemble
cells with capacity of ~ 1Ah. The pouch cell fabrication line
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for optimization of the cell fabrication parameter that will
be implemented in large format battery production. The
fabrication of the pouch cell comprised of (i) electrode slurry
preparation (ii) electrode coating (iii) drying and calendaring
(iv) electrode cutting (iv) stacking (v) welding the tabs (vi)
pouch cup formation (vii) sealing 3 side of the pouch cup
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EFHBTJOH Fig. 2 Charge discharge profiles of LiNi1-x-yCoxMn0yO2 and C- LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2
and final sealing. Fig.1 shows the pouch cell fabrication with reference to graphite
Mixing of Stacking of
Electrode Hot Electrode
Electrode Electrode &
Coating Pressing Cutting
Materials Separator
4
Research and Technology Highlights
To meet the energy demand, different renewable and criteria of the electrode and electrolyte materials are the
clean energy sources, such as solar and wind are rapidly key to the successful demonstration of prototype NIBs.
growing as an alternative to the fossil fuels. However,
Towards this goal, high energy density cathode materials,
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are required for the large scale implementation of these
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renewable energy sources. Batteries are found to be the
by calcination at 5000C and 7000C in air atmosphere. Fig.1
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ion batteries (LIBs) appear as fully developed and mature
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storage system capable of storing the energy generated
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160 and 40 mA h g for 500 and 7000$
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rechargeable batteries. In addition, the limited resource
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of lithium will drive up the price, when used for large
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format LIBs. Room temperature sodium ion battery (NIB)
conductivity in the former case.
can be a potential alternative to meet the large scale grid
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MPX As negative electrode material, hard carbon (HC) was prepared
cost and similar storage mechanism to that of LIBs. So by modified pyrolysis of glucose in inert atmosphere. Fig.
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with molten Na/S electrode posses safety threat. The derived from glucose showed high initial specific capacity
SFTFBSDI JOUFSFTU UPXBSET UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG MPXDPTU of 365 mA h g (Fig.2c). However, capacity degradation was
NIBs operating at room temperature has increased in past noticed with increase in cycle number. To achieve stable
few years in terms of development of potential electrode cycling performance, optimization of surface area and
materials with performance in par with LIBs. The selection porosity is highly essential for HC and such work is in progress.
(c)
Fig. 1 (a) XRD patterns (b, c) SEM images (d) Galvanostatic discharge/charge cycling and (e) Capacity vs. cycle number plots for pristine and calcined VOx.
Voltage range: 1.2-4.0V vs. Na/Na+; Current: C/10 rate (1 C= 170 mA g-1)
(a) (b) (c)
Fig. 2 (a) XRD pattern (b) Raman spectrum and (c) Galvanostatic discharge/charge cycling (Inset: capacity vs. cycle number) plots for HC derived from glucose.
Voltage range: 0.05-3.0V vs. Na/Na+; Current: C/10 rate (1 C= 372 mA g-1).
5
Research and Technology Highlights
Fig. 2 Graphene from SWCNHs. (a) SEM image (b) TEM image (c) SAED pattern
(d) Raman spectrum (e) UV-visible spectrum (f) I-V characteristics
Fig. 1 (a) SEM and (b) HRTEM image of SWCNHs (g) TEM image of G-AgNP composite (particle size distribution inset).
6
Research and Technology Highlights
(a) (c)
(a)
(b) (d)
(b) (c)
Fig. 1 Cross-sectional SEM micrographs of laser welded 0.5 mm thick SS 316L plates. Fig. 2 Micro-hardness profiles across the weld area and cross-sectional micrographs
(a) Welding zone showing fusion zone, HAZ and base metal microstructures, and of laser welded plates. (a) and (b) 0.5 mm thick SS316l plate.
(b) Magnified view of fusion zone (c) Magnified view of HAZ-base metal interface (c) and (d) 2 mm thick Al3003 plate
7
Research and Technology Highlights
The electrochemical characteristics of lithium ion is suggesting that electrode prepared using ballmilling of
batteries (LIBs) mainly depend on the performance of LiFePO4 and carbon black improved better dispersion of
the active materials and its interface. Theoretical cell BDUJWFNBUFSJBMDPNQPOFOUT
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potential, capacity, and energy density of LIB depend electrochemical performance.
on the intrinsic properties of the active material, while
the practical values of the same and cycle life depend on (a)
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interfaces between various constituents. The electrode is
fabricated by coating the slurry which consists of active
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blade method . One of the challenging steps here is to get
uniform distribution of the carbon black and the active
material for better electronic and ionic conductivity.
(a) (b)
8
Research and Technology Highlights
Fig. 3 Electrochemical discharge specific capacity of pristine and carbon coated Li1.15(Ni0.23Co0.08Mn0.54)O2
9
Research and Technology Highlights
D Prabhu dprabhu@arci.res.in
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Fig. 1 Prototype motor developed along with the rotor and lamination Fig.2 Better output power and torque exhibited by the prototype motor
10
Research and Technology Highlights
S Kavita skavita@project.arci.res.in
Room temperature magnetic refrigeration is an emerging hysteresis is observed in the parent alloy, where as B
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environmental friendly as it eliminates refrigerants that DPFYJTUFODFPGBVTUFOJUFBOENBSUFOTJUFUSBOTJUJPOT
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are greenhouse gases. Magnetic refrigeration is based on shift in the MT at around 267 K. The structural transformation
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as the heating and cooling of the sample by a variation from the Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) curves
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(M) to austenite (A) phase transformation during heating
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alloys (FSMAs) by virtue of their giant magnetocaloric magnetic entropy (ΔSM) as a function of temperature in
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refrigeration at room temperature. These alloys undergo a NBHOFUJ[BUJPO DVSWFT VTJOH UIF .BYXFMM SFMBUJPO " IVHF
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of magnetization, leading to large magnetoresistance, properties and fine tuning of the alloys are in progress.
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strain. Most of these properties are attributed to their first
order martensitic transition (MT), which can be tuned by
adjusting valence electron concentration through changing
the chemical composition or elemental substitution.
Ni43 Mn46 Sn11 (parent alloy) and Ni43 Mn46 Sn10.5B0.5 alloys
have been prepared by arcmelting. The arcmelted samples
were vacuum annealed at 9000C for 72h and quenched
JO XBUFS 5IF SPPN UFNQFSBUVSF 9SBZ EJòSBDUJPO 93%
confirms the presence of L21 cubic structure (Fig. 1) in both
the alloys. The temperature dependence of magnetization
(MT) in a magnetic field of 0.01T is measured to characterize
the magnetic transition in the aforementioned alloys on
heating and cooling (Fig 2). Ms, As and Mf, Af correspond
to Martensite and Austenite start and finish temperature,
respectively. An abrupt change of magnetization occurs in
the vicinity of 196K, corresponding to MT and reverse MT
for the cooling and heating process, respectively. Thermal Fig.1 XRD pattern of the parent and B doped alloy
Fig. 2 M Vs T curve for the parent and doped alloy Fig. 3 DSC of parent and B doped alloy Fig. 4 Magnetic entropy of the parent and doped alloy
11
Research and Technology Highlights
D. Sivaprahasam sprakash@arci.res.in
5IFSNPFMFDUSJDHFOFSBUPS 5&(
DPOWFSUJOHIFBUJOUPFMFDUSJDJUZ the hot gas temperature of 2000C tend to produce 1200C hot
is a simple, reliable, sustainable technology for utilizing the side temperature in the module with resultant 'T of 900C and
abundance of waste heat available in various sources such 1W power. The change in internal resistance measured after
as an automobile, diesel generator and steel mills. Though prolonged testing with the above parameters is less than 1%.
the technology is envisaged to work at temperatures close
to 10000C, the most economic benefit can be obtained from
the waste heat in the temperature range of 250 to 6000C,
where the other competing technologies are costlier and
more complicated to adopt. Converting waste heat from the
BVUPNPCJMF FYIBVTU BOE VUJMJ[JOH UIF FMFDUSJDJUZ GPS SVOOJOH
WBSJPVT BODJMMBSZ QBSUT JT POF JEFB FYUFOTJWFMZ FYQMPSFE CZ
several vehicle manufacturers. However, this concept faces
UXPLFZDIBMMFOHFTWJ[MPXEFWJDFFóDJFODZBOEJUTSFMJBCJMJUZ
EVSJOHJUTPQFSBUJPOBMDPOEJUJPO5IFQFSGPSNBODFPGUIF5&(
mostly evaluated based on the figure of merit (ZT) of the
materials, in general, measured under steady state conditions,
which may not reflect the actual value under dynamic
DPOEJUJPOTTVDIBTFYIBVTUXBTUFIFBUTPVSDF
To evaluate the performance and reliability of thermoelectric Fig. 1 Design of pin-fin type heat exchanger for 300 W TEG made of stainless steel
NPEVMF
B UFTU SJH XIJDI DBO TJNVMBUF UIF UZQJDBM FYIBVTU
conditions of a running 1.2 liters diesel engine has been
designed and developed. The heat source in the simulator
is a hot air blower capable of delivering 4000 SLPM air up to
5000 $XJUIQSPWJTJPOUPWBSZUIFøPXSBUF"QJOöOUZQFIFBU
FYDIBOHFSNBEFPGTUBJOMFTTTUFFMIBTCFFOEFWFMPQFE
CBTFE
on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations
(given in figure 1) with surface temperature variation
across its length within 250 C (figure 2). The hot side of the (b)
UIFSNPFMFDUSJDNPEVMFTJTBUUBDIFEUPUIFIFBUFYDIBOHFS
BOE
DPMETJEFMFGUUPBNCJFOUDPOEJUJPO)FBUFYDIBOHFSTVJUBCMFUP
evaluate the performance of a single thermoelectric module
also has been developed. Figure 3 shows the photo image
PGUIF5&(UFTUSJH5IF#J2Te3 based thermoelectric modules Fig. 2 Temperature distributions in the heat exchanger surface where the
of 5W capacity capable of working up to 3000C tested with TE modules will be assembled
(a)
12
Research and Technology Highlights
In recent years, the shortage of energy resources has Tip show that the mechanical property is enhanced in
encouraged the researchers to look for alternative Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05 after thermal cycle. This implies that :;O4C
energy sources like fusion energy, solar energy, waste rich phase helps in improving the thermoelectric as well
heat recovery and so on. The waste heat recovery in as mechanical properties of the samples without any
automobiles and heavy industries is based on the degradation even after thermal cycle. The important
UIFSNPFMFDUSJD 5&
UFDIOPMPHZ UIBU DPOWFSUT IFBU JOUP observations on thermal stability of the thermoelectric and
FMFDUSJDJUZ 5IF FóDJFODZ PG UIF 5& NBUFSJBMT SFRVJSFE mechanical properties of Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05 sample confirmed
for waste heat recovery is described in terms of figure of that the Sn doped zinc antimonide samples can be used as
NFSJU ;5
5PVTF5&NBUFSJBMTGPSBVUPNPUJWFXBTUFIFBU FóDJFOUUIFSNPFMFDUSJDNBUFSJBMTGPSEFWJDFBQQMJDBUJPOT
SFDPWFSZ
UIF;5PGUIF5&NBUFSJBMTTIPVMECFFOIBODFEBU
UIFPQFSBUJOHUFNQFSBUVSF ,,
;JODBOUJNPOJEFT
BSF DPOTJEFSFE BT FóDJFOU 5& NBUFSJBMT GPS BVUPNPUJWF
XBTUFIFBUSFDPWFSZBQQMJDBUJPOTEVFUPUIFJSøFYJCJMJUZPG
fabrications and cost effectiveness.
Fig. 1 XRD patterns and TEM image of spark plasma sintered samples (Zn4Sb3, Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05, Co0.05Zn3.95Sb3). The reference patterns of E-Zn4Sb3 and :-ZnSb phases are given
for better visualization of the different phases present in the sample.
13
Centre for Solar Energy Materials
T he Centre for Solar Energy Materials (CSEM) conducts R&D related activities based on materials, processes and components
pertaining to solar thermal and photovoltaics. Key research areas include CIGS thin film solar cells, perovskite solar cells and
selective absorber tube for concentrated solar thermal power (CSP). Development of antireflective and dust repellent coatings for
conventional and emerging PV modules constitutes another major area of activity. The Centre collaborates closely with industry
partners ranging from start-ups to energy industry heavyweights. State-of-the art characterization facilities available at CSEM assist
the Centre’s efforts to provide service to industry for assessing the performance and operational stability of various photovoltaic and
solar thermal components.
Organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly emerged as a disruptive technology due to their high efficiency. A
maximum efficiency of 16% has been achieved in lab-scale PSCs and 50mm x 50mm prototype module with power output of 70
mW was demonstrated. Current efforts are being focused on the scale-up of PSC technology to 100mm x 100mm solar tiles for
e-bike recharging station and smart window applications. The Centre is also focussing on carrying out synthesis of non-toxic and
intrinsically-stable novel perovskite materials.
A Four meter long prototype solar receiver tube with > 95% absorption and 0.16 emittance was successfully developed by a
combination of chemical oxidation and sol-gel method and is being tested in the field for medium temperature CSP applications.
Low-temperature and on-site curable self-cleaning coating with high transmittance and weather stability was developed for dust
cleaning in previously installed PV panels. Assessing the long-term benefit of such coating on cumulative energy production from
commercial PV power plant is underway.
PV modules based on direct band-gap CIGS thin film may offer performance and cost advantages compared to the traditional c-Si
solar cell. The Centre’s CIGS pilot line operates on ‘sputtering + selenization’ concept to fabricate 300 mm x 300 mm size mini-modules
on glass substrate. Molybdenum back contact layer and AZO thin film with desired properties were deposited on large area substrate.
Development of CIGS absorber layer by non-vacuum ink-based route and pulsed electrodeposition method is also being explored as
low-cost alternative to the established vacuum processes.
Thermal evaporator facility and Magnetron sputtering system are recently installed for the deposition of various thin films. Contact
angle and surface tension measurement setup and Stylus profilometer are added to augment the Centre's characterization capabilities.
14
Research and Technology Highlights
Organometal halide perovskites have received significant was optimized for obtaining a desired film thickness range
BUUFOUJPO EVF UP UIFJS FYDFMMFOU DIBSHF DBSSJFS USBOTQPSU
of 200 ~ 300 nm with minimal damage to the underneath
IJHIMJHIUBCTPSQUJPODPFóDJFOUBOEMPXUFNQFSBUVSFöMN QFSPWTLJUFBCTPSCFSöMN4&.JNBHFDPOöSNUIFGPSNBUJPO
QSPDFTTJOH " TUBUFPGUIFBSU MBCPSBUPSZ TDBMF BDUJWF BSFB PG VOJGPSN BOE QJOIPMF $V4$/ MBZFS PO ."1C*3/TiO2/FTO
< 0.1 cm2) perovskite solar cell (PSC) prepared using MAPbI3 stack. The photovoltaic performance of CuSCN HTM devices
QFSPWTLJUFMJHIUBCTPSCFSBOETQJSP0.F5"%TNBMMNPMFDVMF were measured under 1 sun condition and compared with
organic hole transporting material (HTM) already reached TUBOEBSETQJSP0.F5"%)5.EFWJDFT 5BCMF
$POUSPMEFWJDF
NPSF UIBO QPXFS DPOWFSTJPO FóDJFODZ )FODF
NPTU QSFQBSFE VTJOH HMPWFCPY QSPDFTTFE TQJSP0.F5"% )5.
of the recent efforts are being focused on encapsulation, TIPXT QPXFS DPOWFSTJPO FóDJFODZ K). The low K
MPOHUFSN TUBCJMJUZ BOE VQTDBMJOH PG 14$ UFDIOPMPHZ GPS PCTFSWFE GPS BJSQSPDFTTFE TQJSP0.F5"% )5. NBJOMZ
commercial applications. The processing of PSCs in a comes from low fill factor caused by poor conductivity.
NPJTUVSFGSFFBOEJOFSUHMPWFCPYBUNPTQIFSFJTPOFPGUIF This result highlights the need of controlled atmosphere
critical factors which affect most of the aforementioned issues. GPS QSPDFTTJOH PSHBOJD )5.T 0O UIF PUIFS IBOE
BJS
QSPDFTTFE$V4$/)5.CBTFEEFWJDFFYIJCJUTJNJMBS7OC and
Initial hypothesis was, organometal halides are ‘moisture and JSC to those of control device. However, the fill factor was
PYZHFOTFOTJUJWFBOEHMPWFCPYBUNPTQIFSFJTOFDFTTBSZGPS moderate and can be attributed damages caused to the
QSFQBSJOHBEFGFDUGSFFBCTPSCFSMBZFS)PXFWFS
JUIBTCFFO absorber layer during CuSCN deposition. The optimization
proved that optimum amount of moisture could beneficially PG&5.QFSPWTLJUFBOEQFSPWTLJUF)5.JOUFSGBDFUPJODSFBTF
dissolve the reactant species and accelerate the nucleation the fill factor beyond 0.60 is underway. This may pave the
BOEDSZTUBMMJ[BUJPOPGQFSPWTLJUFöMN/FWFSUIFMFTT
BNCJFOU XBZ GPS UIF SFBMJ[BUJPO PG BMMBJSQSPDFTTFE IJHI FóDJFODZ
QSPDFTTJOH PG IJHI FóDJFODZ 14$T SFNBJOT B DIBMMFOHF
CFDBVTF PG TQJSP0.F5"% )5. )ZHSPTDPQJD -J5'4* TBMU
additives employed to improve the hole mobility of Table 1 Device parameters of PSCs with various hole transporting materials
organic HTM, restricts the entire ink formulation and HTM Hole
JSC VOC FF η
MBZFS EFQPTJUJPO JOTJEF UIF HMPWF CPY )FSF JO XF TIPX transporting
(mA cm-2) (mV) (%) (%)
material
that inorganic p type semiconductor copper thiocynate
$V4$/
DBO CF VTFE BT BJSQSPDFTTBCMF )5. GPS 14$T Spiro-OMeTAD
19.9 998 0.26 5.2
(air)
'JHTIPXTUIFDSPTTTFDUJPOBM4&.JNBHFPG$V4$/)5.
Spiro-OMeTAD
CBTFE 14$ GBCSJDBUFE PO 'MVPSJOF EPQFE 5JO 0YJEF '50
(control)
16.7 960 0.69 11.1
glass substrate. The HTM solution was prepared by dissolving
5 mg/ml CuSCN salt in propyl sulphide followed by spin CuSCN
14.8 900 0.54 7.2
(air)
coating at 2000 rpm for 30 seconds. The coating process
Fig. 1 Cross-section SEM image of CuSCN HTM based PSC (left) and current-voltage characteristics of PSCs with various HTMs (right)
15
Research and Technology Highlights
Concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) technology is for us. However, we attempted to solve it by incorporating
capable of harnessing the immense solar resource and Lyothermally synthesized crystalline nano zirconia particles
it is emerging as a key technology to generate electricity JOUPBDPNQPTJUFTPMVUJPOQSFDVSTPS .O$V$P
BOEGPSNJOH
XJUI B MPX MFWFM PG HSFFOIPVTF HBT FNJTTJPO *O $41
B IJHI a composite nanoparticle layer. Absorption enhanced further
temperature can be created by concentrating the sun’s with an aid of mesoporous MgF2 nanoparticle layer on top of the
rays with the aid of reflectors to produce electricity in a BCTPSCFSMBZFS8FIBWFBDIJFWFEBOFYDFMMFOUPQUJDBMBCTPSCFS
thermodynamic cycle. In CSP plants, storage of thermal layer with αsol Ⱦ5000C TIPXJOH BO FYDFMMFOU UIFSNBM
energy enables power generation even in the absence of solar TUBCJMJUZ NBYJNVN VQ UP ¡$ JO BO PQFO BJS BUNPTQIFSF
radiation contributing to CSP’s can able to generate power. condition. The fabrication of tandem absorber system is simple,
BOEEPFTOPUEFNBOEDPNQMFYFRVJQNFOU
XIJDINBLFTUIF
#PUISFDFJWFSBOEDBSOPUFóDJFODZQMBZBNBKPSSPMFJOUIF UBOEFN BCTPSCFS TZTUFN
B CFTU DIPJDF GPS UIF DPTUFòFDUJWF
PWFSBMMFóDJFODZPGUIFDPODFOUSBUFETPMBSQPXFSTZTUFN*O power generation by a concentrated solar power (CSP) system.
UIJT QFSTQFDUJWF
IJHI QIPUPUIFSNBM DPOWFSTJPO FóDJFODZ
can be achieved with a spectrally selective absorber coating
44"$
BOEIJHIDBSOPUFóDJFODZXJMMCFBDIJFWFEXIFOUIF
temperature of heat transfer fluid (HTF) is 600°C or higher.
&NQMPZJOH44"$TUIBUDBOCFPQFSBUFEBU¡$PSIJHIFSDBO
MFBEUPIJHIUFNQFSBUVSFPG)5'BTXFMMBTDBSOPUFóDJFODZ
Therefore, it is important for SSACs to possess high spectral
selectivity in terms of high solar absorptance (αs) of >0.95 &
low emissivity εTJOUIFSBOHFPGNN
respectively, high thermal & chemical stability with high Fig. 1 FIB cross sectional images of (a) Single and
span of life. (b) Tandem composite nanoparticle absorber layer
16
Research and Technology Highlights
Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 PS $*(44F BSF DIBMDPQZSJUFCBTFE EJSFDU In2S3 were detected, as confirmed by Raman analysis.
CBOE HBQ NBUFSJBMT IBWJOH IJHI BCTPSQUJPO DPFóDJFOU &WPMVUJPO PG NJDSPTUSVDUVSF PG QSJTUJOF BT TQSBZFE öMN UP
5IFSFGPSF
B $*(44F öMN UIJDLOFTT PG POMZ N JT dense void free selenized CIGSSe thin films with bigger
adequate for solar cell applications. The ability to adjust grains could be realized from Figure 2(a). Improved
band gap as well as thermal and chemical stability of morphology is indicative of high degree of crystallinity
CIGSSe has also contributed to making it a popular thin consistent with structural analysis. Compositional and
öMNBCTPSCFSNBUFSJBMBOEMFEUPFóDJFODJFTFYDFFEJOH optoelectronic properties are summarized in Table1.
% and 16 % for cell and module, respectively. Conventional #BOEHBQBOEDBSSJFSDPODFOUSBUJPOPG$*(4&UIJOöMNTBSF
DPFWBQPSBUJPO
TQVUUFSJOHTFMFOJ[BUJPO SPVUFT BSF known to be dependent upon Ga/(Ga+In) and Se/(S+Se)
WBDVVN CBTFE FYQFOTJWF BOE IJHIMZ DPNQMFY 5P NBLF ratio. As CIG alloy NPs were employed as precursors, Ga/
CIGSSe technology commercially competitive, scalable (Ga+In), Cu/(In+Ga) ratios remained unchanged which is
OPOWBDVVN JOL CBTFE QSPDFTTJOH OFFET UP CF FYQMPSFE critical for device fabrication. With increase in selenization
Particulate based precursors provide high degree of temperature, Se/(Se+S) ratio was observed to increase
compositional uniformity essential to obtain device quality indicating replacement of S by Se atom in chalcopyrite
absorber layers. In this work we present CIGSSe thin film structure. As a result, band gap of CIGSSe thin films
BCTPSCFS MBZFS GSPN TQSBZ DPBUJOH PG BRVFPVT OBOPJOL SFEVDFE UP F7 GPS TFMFOJ[BUJPO UFNQFSBUVSF PG oC
comprised of CuInGa alloy NPs (<100 nm), Se NPs (< 100 as seen from Figure 2(b). All films were observed to have
ON
BOE UIJPVSFB BT TVMQIVS TPVSDF EJTQFSTFE5IF OBOP BCTPSQUJPODPFóDJFOUPGPSEFSPG5 cm as measured from
ink was sprayed on bilayer Molybdenum thin films (500 transmission spectrum. All films were observed to be p type
nm) coated on Soda Lime glass substrate at temperature while films selenized at higher temperature confirm better
of 150ºC. The pristine thin films were selenized under N2 mobility and carrier concentration indicative of improved
BUNPTQIFSF JO RVBSU[ GVSOBDF UFNQFSBUVSF GSPN crystallinity consistent with composition. In conclusion, a
525ºC. The obtained CIGSSe thin films were characterized non vacuum ink based route was successfully employed to
for phase, structure, composition, optical and electrical prepare device quality CIGSSe thin film absorber layer.
QSPQFSUJFT VTJOH 93%
3BNBO
93'&%4
677J4/*3 BOE
Hall effect respectively. Table 1 Composition, Hall measurements and optical band gap of selenized
CIGSSe thin films
The phase conversion of as sprayed NPs precursors to Selenization Ga/ S/ Carrier Hall Band
ternary chalcopyrite CIGSSe phase was realized from XRD temperature Ga+In (S+Se) Concentration Mobility gap
plot as presented in Figure 1. Peaks corresponding to (oC) (cm-3) (cm27tT
(eV)
CIGSSe phase became sharp and intense as selenization
temperature was increased indicating crystallization and 475 0.35 0.31 6.7e15 3.91 1.30
grain growth. No binary phases of CuSe/CuS and or In2Se3/
(a) (b)
Fig. 1 XRD plots of CIGSSe thin films selenized Fig. 2 (a) Tauc plot calculated from transmission spectrum and (b) Surface and cross
at different temperatures section morphology (inset) CIGSSe thin films selenized at 525oC
17
Research and Technology Highlights
5SBEJUJPOBMMZ XJEFCBOEHBQ TFNJDPOEVDUPST 5J02, ZnO, nanorod photoelectrode, infiltration of small molecular HTM
SnO2
FUD
BSF VTFE BT BO FMFDUSPO USBOTQPSU MBZFS &5-
JO was also enhanced. Whereas, the above mentioned things are
QFSPWTLJUFTPMBSDFMMT 14$T
BOENPTUPGUIFSFQPSUFE&5-TBSF not accessible easily in the nanoparticulate TiO2 electrodes
composed of nanoparticulate electrodes. In the conventional (Figure 1c).
nanoparticulate TiO2 /$5J02
&5-
XFOFFEUPBEESFTTTFWFSBM
DPNQMJDBUJPOT TVDI BT CMPDLBEF PG FMFDUSPOT EVF UP IJHI Photovoltaic performance based on the variation in the
inter particle resistance throughout the nanocrystalline layer, length of the TiO2 Nanorods is investigated and represented
which results in low open circuit voltage, poor infiltration of CZ +7 DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT JO UIF BCPWF 'JHVSF 5IF QFSPWTLJUF
QFSPWTLJUFJOUPUIFEFFQFSMBZFSTPG&5-XPVMETPNFUJNFMFBE sensitized TiO2 OBOPSPE PG MFOHUI ON FYIJCJUT TIPSU
to poor current density. However, these complications can be circuit current density of 18.8mA/cm2 with an open circuit
effectively controlled by replacing nanocrystalline TiO2 layer WPMUBHFPGN7
öMMGBDUPS ''
PGBOEPWFSBMMQPXFS
XJUI%PS%NFUBMPYJEFT 5J02, ZnO, SnO2) nanostructures. DPOWFSTJPOFóDJFODZ 1$&
PGVOEFSTVOJMMVNJOBUJPO
5IF OPUBCMF JODSFBTF JO UIF FóDJFODZ GPS UIF5J02 nanorod
Despite faster electron transport, ZnO nanorod based PSCs based cells over TiO2 nanoparticulate cells arrives from
were inferior to those of TiO2 nanorod based solar cells. all the photovoltaic parameters (Figure 1d and Table 1).
Whereas, nanorod structured TiO2 was popularly employed as *ODSFBTF JO7OC and JSC for the TiO2 nanorod based device is
&5-
TJODFJUIBTIJHIFMFDUSPOEJòVTJPOMFOHUIBOEQSPWJEFT observed because of the perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) contacted
direct electron transportation to the electrode by reducing BOEJOöMUSBUFEEFFQJOUPUIF&5-
MFBEJOHUPEFDSFBTFJOUIF
the recombination rate. TFSJFTSFTJTUBODFBOEFOIBODFNFOUJOFóDJFODZ*OTFUJNBHF
in Figure 1d shows the normalized stability curve of the two
*O UIJT XPSL
XF IBWF TZOUIFTJ[FE WFSUJDBMMZ BMJHOFE % different photoelectrodes. And among them, TiO2 nanorod
TiO2 nanorods (TiO2/3
CZ IZESPUIFSNBM NFUIPE BOE JUT based devices showed much better stability when compared
TVDDFTTGVM VUJMJ[BUJPO JO BNCJFOU QSPDFTTFE 14$T BT BO &5- with the conventional TiO2 nanoparticulate PSCs.
layer. The porosity and length of the electrode plays a vital
role in perovskite sensitization and infiltration of the hole
Table 1 Photovoltaic performances of PSCs made with two different photoelectrodes
transport material (HTM). The Figure 1a, and b shows the
DSPTTTFDUJPOBM '&4&. JNBHFT PG UIF 5J02 nanoparticulate Photoelectrodes JSC VOC FF η
BOE OBOPSPE 14$ EFWJDFT %VF UP UIF % 5J02 nanorods (mA cm-2) (mV) (%) (%)
morphology, high volumetric surface area, and macro pores
TiO2-NR 18.8 939 61.9 11.0
formed in between individual rods pave enough space
for the perovskite to sensitize all over the photoelectrode. NC-TiO2 17.4 912 58.5 9.3
Additionally, due to the large pores present in the TiO2
(c)
(d)
Fig. 1 Cross-sectional FE-SEM images of the perovskite solar cell devices composed of (a) TiO2 Nanoparticulate electrode, (b) TiO2 nanorod electrode, (c) Schematic diagram representing
electron transport in TiO2 nanoparticle Vs nanorods and (d) Current-voltage spectrum of the two different photoelectrodes, (Inset image showing their corresponding stability data).
18
Research and Technology Highlights
B V Sarada sarada@arci.res.in
Increase in demand for the production of environmental DPOUBJOJOH TVDI OBOP BSDIJUFDUVSFT FYIJCJU FOIBODFE
friendly electrical energy has motivated the research surface area compared to traditional planar films and
involving several new materials and processes for the direct enable the light absorption through the length of the rod
conversion of solar energy for clean energy production. while the charge separation occurs across the rod thereby
"NPOHUIFEJòFSFOUBCTPSCFSMBZFSTJOWFTUJHBUFEGPSUIJO reducing minority carrier diffusion length. High resolution
film based solar cells, direct bandgap material, Cu(In,Ga) 5&.BOE4"&%BOBMZTFTSFWFBMUIBUUIFOBOPSPETBSFTJOHMF
Se2 XJUI BO BEKVTUBCMF CBOEHBQ JO UIF SBOHF PG o crystalline in nature and correspond to (112) orientation
F7
XIJDIJTJOUIFNBYJNVNTPMBSBCTPSQUJPOSFHJPO
XJUI of CIGS. The stoichiometric composition of the CIGS
B MBSHF BCTPSQUJPO DPFóDJFOU BOE MPOH UFSN TUBCJMJUZ IBT nanomesh structures and the formation of the single
CFFOTIPXOUPCFQSPNJTJOH*OBEEJUJPO
OBOPTUSVDUVSFT crystalline chalcopyrite phase with no undesired phases
with one dimensional architecture, owing to the desirable BSFWBMJEBUFECZ5&.
93%BOE3BNBOBOBMZTFT1VSF$*(4
physical properties and the geometry, are attractive for phase with no copper selenide secondary phase is formed,
solar photovoltaic applications. However, developing as can be observed from the Raman spectrum (Figure
UIF OBOPTUSVDUVSFE BSDIJUFDUVSFT FTQFDJBMMZ JO B DPNQMFY B
*OTFU
.PUU4DIPUULZ TUVEJFT IBWF DPOöSNFE UIBU
system such as CIGS, where stoichiometry of elements is UIF $*(4 öMN GPSNFE UP CF B TFNJDPOEVDUPS PG QUZQF JO
crucial, by a room temperature process is challenging. OBUVSF5IFTFOBOPNFTIBSDIJUFDUVSFTFYIJCJUFEFYDFMMFOU
absorption, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical
1SFTFOU TUVEZ SFQPSUT UIF GBCSJDBUJPO PG $*(4 OBOPNFTI 1&$
QSPQFSUJFT*OBEEJUJPO
BTQBDFDIBSHFDBQBDJUBODFBT
like structures containing single crystal nanorods by a IJHIBT'JTPCTFSWFEGSPNUIF.PUU4DIPUULZBOBMZTJT
novel pulse reverse electrodeposition technique on Mo and a photocurrent density of 4.3 mA/cm2 was observed
sputtered glass. The nanostructures have been formed by GSPN UIF 1&$ +7 DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT VOEFS TPMBS TJNVMBUFE
the optimization of forward and reverse pulse parameters MJHIU5IF5BVDT QMPU ZJFMET B CBOEHBQ PG BCPVU F7
where a desired proportion of deposition is followed by a which is in good agreement with the values reported for
precise dissolution of the material. The most interesting IJHIFóDJFOU$*(4EFWJDFT 'JHVSFC
observation of the present study is the formation of
single crystal nanorods of stoichiometric CIGS without The present approach reveals a room temperature pulse
any high temperature treatment. The conventional SFWFSTF FMFDUSPEFQPTJUJPO QSPDFTT UP GBCSJDBUF FóDJFOU
FMFDUSPEFQPTJUJPO UFDIOJRVFT SFRVJSF B QPTUBOOFBMJOH nanostructured CIGS absorber layer with superior
treatment at ~550°C in order to achieve chalcopyrite properties on large substrates with effective utilization
DSZTUBMMJOF QIBTF '&4&. 'JHVSF B
BOE 5&. BOBMZTFT PGNBUFSJBMTDPNQBSFEUPFYJTUJOHIJHIUFNQFSBUVSFCVML
reveal the diameter of the nanorod to be ~50 nm. Films material approaches.
(a) (b)
Fig. 1 (a) FESEM image of the CIGS nanomesh structures. Inset represents the Raman spectrum of the as-deposited CIGS nanostructured thin-films, (b) Tauc’s plot obtained for the
nanomesh CIGS film. Inset represents the IV characteristics of the absorber layer from PEC measurements.
19
Research and Technology Highlights
Fig. 1 FESEM Cross section image Fig. 3 I-V performance of thin film solar cell (ZnS-Au-ZnS/CdS/CIGS/Mo/Glass)
of CIGS/Mo thin film under dark and light
Contributors: V Rajendra Prasad, P Uday Bhaskar, Amol C Badgujar, Brijesh Singh Yadav and Amrita Choudhari
20
Research and Technology Highlights
Fig. 1 (a) Cross-sectional image of CdS film on glass Inset: (a) Surface image of film Fig. 2 Variable thick CdS film deposited on
(b) (DhQ)2 Vs hQplot Mocoated substrates of 30 cm X 30 cm size
21
Research and Technology Highlights
Transparent window layer comprising a bilayer of intrinsic UPTVCTUSBUF EJTUBODF BSF PQUJNJ[FE UP PCUBJO EFTJSFE
;O0 J;O0
BOE"MEPQFE;O0 LOPXOBT;O0"MPS";0
properties in films with good uniformity over the entire
is an integral part of CuInSe2CBTFEUIJOGJMNTPMBSDFMMT
substrate area. Substrate is constantly rotated during
which are among the leading contenders for practical the deposition for improving the uniformity. Deposition
MBSHFTDBMF QIPUPWPMUBJD TZTUFNT 5IF UIJO J;O0 MBZFS UJNFJTDPOUSPMMFEJOEFQFOEFOUMZGPSPCUBJOJOHJ;O0BOE
(~50 nm) is highly resistive. Apart from acting as a shunt AZO films of about 50 nm and 500 nm respectively. Film
CVTUJOH MBZFS
JU BMTP QSPUFDUT UIF VOEFSMZJOH $E4$* (
thickness, optical transmittance and electrical resistivity
S interface from sputtering damage during subsequent BSF NFBTVSFE SFTQFDUJWFMZ VTJOH 93'
QSPCF BOE
deposition of AZO layer. The thicker AZO layer (~500 spectrometry techniques.
nm) at the top is highly conducting and performs the
function of photocurrent collection. Both layers must 4VSGBDF 4&. PG PQUJNJ[FE ";0 MBZFS TIPXO JO 'JH
have high optical transmittance in visible region (~80%) 1) indicates a highly compact film structure without
and additionally the AZO layer must also have low QPSPTJUZ 5SBOTNJUUBODF PG ";0 BOE J;O0 BT B GVODUJPO
electrical resistivity (10o ƆDN SBOHF
UP TFSWF JUT of wavelength is plotted in Fig. 2. Resistivity mapping of
desired function. Magnetron sputtering has evolved as AZO layer is shown in Fig. 3. Average visible transmittance
a favourable deposition method for these layers because ON
GPS ";0 BOE J;O0 JT BOE
PG JUT FYDFMMFOU GJMN UIJDLOFTT VOJGPSNJUZ
FBTZ TDBMBCJMJUZ SFTQFDUJWFMZ 3FTJTUJWJUZ GPS ";0 JT Y ƆDN
and relative ease of controlling process parameters. 1SPQFSUJFTFYIJCJUFECZCPUIMBZFST TVNNBSJ[FEJO5BCMF
However, the properties of sputter deposited films 1) are suitable for their use as window layers in thin film
are highly dependent on various process parameters, solar cells. Furthermore, absence of any high temperature
TVDI BT EFQPTJUJPO QPXFS
XPSLJOH QSFTTVSF
UBSHFU step makes the process very attractive to thin film solar
UPTVCTUSBUF EJTUBODF
BOE TVCTUSBUF UFNQFSBUVSF *O DFMMTPOGMFYJCMFQPMZNFSTVCTUSBUFTBTXFMMBTNBOZPUIFS
particular, deposition at elevated substrate temperatures transparent electrode applications, where use of polymer
oo$
BOEPS B QPTUEFQPTJUJPO IFBU USFBUNFOU TVCTUSBUF QVUT B SFTUSJDUJPO PO UIF NBYJNVN QSPDFTTJOH
in an inert environment at similar high temperatures is temperature during device fabrication. Currently, this
considered to be essential for obtaining good properties CJMBZFS J;O0";0 BSF CFJOH VTFE GPS $*(4 EFWJDF
in sputtered films. At ARCI, we have optimized the RF fabrication while further optimization is underway to
sputtering process to obtain comparable electrical improve film properties.
and optical properties in these films deposited at room
UFNQFSBUVSFBOEXJUIPVUBOZBEEJUJPOBMQPTUEFQPTJUJPO Table 1 Average properties of i-ZnO & AZO layers
heat treatment. Avg. properties over 50 mm x 50 mm area
Layer
A dual RF magnetron sputtering system (made by APT, Thickness (nm) Resistivity (Ω-cm) Visible T* (%)
1VOF
*OEJB
FRVJQQFE XJUI w QMBOBS DBUIPEFT PG J;O0 i-ZnO 49.2 NA 74
and AZO is used for depositing films on SLG substrate of 50 AZO 513 7.32E-03 77
NNYNNBSFB3'QPXFS
XPSLJOHQSFTTVSFBOEUBSHFU
*Transmittance values are with reference to Air
Fig. 1 Surface SEM of AZO layer Fig. 2 Transmittance of AZO and i-ZnO Fig. 3 Resistivity mapping of AZO
22
Research and Technology Highlights
&MFDUSPEFQPTJUJPO JT POF PG UIF NBKPS OPOWBDVVN The pulse electrodeposited and annealed CIGS films are
approaches utilized for the fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) further processed to fabricate the CIGS solar cell stack
thin films solar cells to effectively reduce the processing DPOUBJOJOH OUZQF $E4
JOUSJOTJD ;O0 BOE BMVNJOJVN EPQFE
costs. However, a conventional electrodeposition ZnO (AZO). In the stack, CdS acts as a buffer layer and forms
BQQSPBDIFNQMPZTNVMUJTUFQQSPDFTTJOH
UISFFFMFDUSPEF QOKVODUJPOXJUIQUZQF$*(4XIJMFJ;O0JTBQSPUFDUJWFMBZFS
TZTUFN
VTF PG DPNQMFYJOH BHFOUT
TFMFOJ[BUJPO
FUD UP BOE ";0 JT UIF USBOTQBSFOU DPOEVDUJOH PYJEF BOE BDUT BT
EFQPTJUQIBTFQVSFDIBMDPQZSJUF$*(4öMNT*OUIJTDPOUFYU
front contact for collection of charge carriers. Chemical bath
a single stage electrodeposition approach involving deposition is adopted to deposit CdS thin films of thickness ≈
advanced pulse plating features is demonstrated for 50 nm. Thereafter, ZnO and AZO thin films are deposited using
the preparation of stoichiometric polycrystalline CIGS 3'NBHOFUSPOTQVUUFSJOHQSPDFTTJOBDPQMBOBSDPOöHVSBUJPO
films by employing a two electrode system devoid of Initially, 50 nm thick ZnO is sputtered using reactive sputtering
DPNQMFYJOH BHFOUT BOE DPOWFOUJPOBM TFMFOJ[BUJPO TUFQ with O2 gas while maintaining a chamber pressure in the
Pulsed electrodeposition is performed on Mo foil while order of 105PSS4VCTFRVFOUMZ
BQQSPYJNBUFMZON";0
high purity graphite plate is used as anode using a is sputtered onto the CIGS/CdS/ZnO stack. Figure 2(a) shows
EFQPTJUJPO QPUFOUJBM JO UIF SBOHF UP 7 BOE B EVUZ UIFDSPTTTFDUJPOBMNPSQIPMPHZPG$*(4$E4;O0";0TUBDL
DZDMFPGo$*(4öMNTBSFBOOFBMFEQPTUEFQPTJUJPO indicating the compact morphologies of each layer. The
in Ar atmosphere at a temperature of 550 °C for 30 min to thickness of layers are observed to be ≈ 900, 50 and 600 nm
improve their crystallinity. Figure 1(a) shows the top view for CIGS, CdS, and ZnO/AZO bilayer, respectively. Figure 2(b)
4&.JNBHFPGBOOFBMFE$*(4öMNTVOWFJMJOHUIFDPNQBDU shows the Raman spectra of electrodeposited CIGS, CIGS/CdS
dense morphology which is suitable for application in and CIGS/CdS/ZnO/AZO layers which confirm the presence of
thin films solar cells. XRD pattern in Fig. 1b confirms the each layer in the stack with corresponding Raman modes as
tetragonal chalcopyrite structure of CIGS revealing the indicated. Currently, optoelectronic characterization of CIGS
preferred orientation corresponding to (112). solar cell stack is under progress.
(a) (a)
(b) (b)
Fig. 1 (a) Surface morphology and (b) XRD pattern of pulse electrodeposited Fig. 2 (a) Cross-sectional morphology and (b) Raman spectra of
annealed CIGS thin films CIGS/CdS/ZnO/AZO solar cell stack
23
Centre for Nanomaterials
T he Centre for Nanomaterials (CNM) was established to develop and produce nanopowders and nano structured materials on a
technology demonstration scale. Various facilities like RF induction plasma unit, Flame spray pyrolysis unit etc. were established
to produce nano materials on large scale to cater to the on-going research and technology development activities. In particular,
facilities such as high energy horizontal ball mill and special purpose furnace were established to produce electrode materials for Li
ion batteries and Super capacitors.
The major research activities being carried out at the Centre are: development and production of cost effective materials for Li ion
battery and super capacitors for electric vehicle applications, oxide dispersion strengthened steels for high temperature applications,
2-D transitional metal sulphides as additives to lubricants and grease and also as catalysts, filtration media for fluoride removal from
water and endotoxins from blood.
In terms of technology transfer and commercialisation, various anti-bacterial and self-cleaning textile products, such as shirts and
jeans based on the nano silver and nano TiO2 technologies of ARCI were launched in the market. These technologies were transferred
to a Bengaluru based company. Nano silver based suspensions for antibacterial application on textiles received the prestigious
TDB National Award 2016 from President of India; process for production of Silica aerogel flexible sheets for thermal insulation was
successfully demonstrated to the technology receiver and the product is expected to be launched soon; lead-free copper alloys for
bimetal bearings for automotive industry was successfully completed and is awaiting technology transfer.
Currently, the Centre is attempting to upscale the process for producing 2D transition metal sulphides. During ARCI TechEx 2017, the
demonstration of an electric bicycle and toys with super capacitors attracted the attention of several visitors.
Prestigious TDB National Award 2016 for Demonstration of product to the receiver of Lead free bimetal
indigenous technology commercialization of Technology for the production of Aerogel based connecting rod
nano Ag based antibacterial textiles thermal insulation sheets bearings
24
Research and Technology Highlights
&MFDUSPDIFNJDBM XBUFS TQMJUUJOH JOUP IZESPHFO BOE 'JHVSF
TIPXT UIF 5&. PG OBOPTIFFUT XIJDI BSF
PYZHFO JT B QSPNJTJOH NFUIPE GPS TPMBS FOFSHZ TUPSBHF useful for reducing the overpotential and yield a Pt like
5IF EFWFMPQNFOU PG FóDJFOU FMFDUSPDBUBMZTUT GPS XBUFS DPNQFUJUJWFTZTUFNGPS)&3BQQMJDBUJPOJOBOFMFDUSPMZ[FS
splitting has drawn much attention. However, catalysts These systems additionally find applications in IR/optical
UIBUBSFBDUJWFGPSCPUIUIFIZESPHFOFWPMVUJPOBOEPYZHFO EFUFDUPS
QIPUPDPOEVDUPST
IPMPHSBQIJDEFUFDUPST FUD
evolution reactions are rare. Nanostructured sulfides/ "3$*JTGBCSJDBUJOH)&3FMFDUSPEFGPSBOFDPOPNJDBTXFMM
carbides/phosphides are the potential alternative electro FóDJFOUFMFDUSPMZ[FS
DBUBMZTUTGPS)ZESPHFOFWPMVUJPOSFBDUJPO )&3
BTXFMMBT
PYZHFOFWPMVUJPOSFBDUJPOT 0&3
A1 A2
Fig.2 FESEM photograph of the various sulfide nanostructures for HER applications wrt
Fig.1 Various potential material systems for different energy applications wrt HER based optical properties.
water splitting and others.
A B
Sulfides/
Figure 2 shows various types of nanostructures as
phosphides
nanosheets, and other symmetric shape nanostructures,
that have been synthesized by economic methodology.
The morphological evolution of nanostructures is clearly
validated by optical property variation as indicated by hue
analysis.
25
Research and Technology Highlights
Particulate material (PM) processing technologies after taking out from the solution was dried and heat treated
JODPSQPSBUFE OFXFS NFUIPET MJLF XBSN DPNQBDUJPO
SF VOEFS JOFSU
IZESPHFO BOE PYJEBUJPO BUNPTQIFSFT BU $
pressing, hot rolling, hot forging, metal infiltration, injection GPS I BOE TVCKFDUFE UP DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO 4&. NPSQIPMPHZ
NPVMEJOH
QSFTTVSF TJOUFSJOH
IPU FYUSVTJPO
IPU JTPTUBUJD XJUI&%9BOBMZTJTTIPXOJO'JHDPOöSNTUIFQSFTFODFPG/J
pressing etc to attain near theoretical densities. However, 1EFQPTJUJPO'VSUIFS
9SBZEJòSBDUJPOTUVEJFTPG/J1DPBUFE
the prohibitive cost of the secondary hot consolidation graphite before and after calcination showed the changes in
techniques has always been a restricting factor for the /J1QIBTFPGUIFEFQPTJUFEöMNBTTIPXOJO'JH
traditional PM market. Moreover, with composites entering
UIF1.NBSLFUBOESFQMBDJOHUSBEJUJPOBM1.QBSUTBOEIJHI 5IF/J1DPBUFEHSBQIJUF
TVCKFDUFEUPTDSBUDIUFTUTJOEJDBUFE
FOEBQQMJDBUJPOT
IPUQSFTTJOHJTUBLJOHPWFSTJHOJöDBOUTIBSF UIBU UIF /J1 DPBUJOH XBT BEIFSFOU 'VSUIFS UIF QSPDFTT
of sintering furnaces. Thus, the driving force of the PM market was repeated on coated substrates to increase the coating
is to make hot presses cheaper and less energy consuming. thickness and it was found that the coatings with increased
In several hot pressing techniques like hot isostatic pressing, UIJDLOFTTCFZPOEUIFöSTUDPBUPGN
EFWFMPQFEDSBDLT
TQBSL QMBTNB TJOUFSJOH FRVJQNFOUT
&$"4 UFDIOJRVFT
upon calcination. Presently, further fine tuning of the process
etc, consumables like crucibles, dies or moulds become is to be undertaken on actual graphite die.
BO FYUSFNFMZ JNQPSUBOU GBDUPS GPS DPOTJEFSBUJPO
XIFO
compressive loads and strength at high temperatures of the
PSEFS PG $ BSF BQQMJFE %JòFSFOU NBUFSJBMT MJLF
HSBQIJUF
TJMJDPODBSCJEFPS8$$PBSFVTFEBTEJFTPSDSVDJCMFT
EFQFOEJOHPOUIFQSFTTVSFUFNQFSBUVSFSFHJNF0VUPGUIFTF
HSBQIJUF JT UIF NPTU XJEFMZ VTFE
CFDBVTF PG JUT FYDFMMFOU
thermal and electrical properties, ease of machinability and
low cost. However, the drawback is its degradation above 600
¡$JOBOPYJEJ[JOHBUNPTQIFSF
UIFSFCZMJNJUJOHUIFPQFSBUJOH
atmosphere in hot presses to be either inert or vacuum. And
IFODF
SFOEFSTIPUQSFTTJOHBOFYQFOTJWFQSPDFTT
At ARCI, attempts are therefore being made to develop Fig. 1 Process flow chart of electroless coating of graphite
some protective coatings on graphite substrate. Different
NFUIPETMJLF17%
$7%
TPMVUJPOUFDIOJRVFTBSFVTFEBTöMN
EFQPTJUJPOUFDIOJRVFTGPSQIPTQIJEF
PYJEFPSDBSCJEFCBTFE
coatings of Ni, Mg, Cu, Si etc on different substrates. One
TVDITPMVUJPOUFDIOJRVFMJLFFMFDUSPMFTTDPBUJOHPGOJDLFM &/
was adopted for deposition of Ni/ Ni alloy film on graphite
substrate. The process is autocatalytic as it develops potential
when the substrate is immersed in a bath containing the
requisite precursor solution (consisting of the source of Fig. 2 SEM(EDX) microstructure of NixP coated graphite
metal ions(salts), stabilizers, reducing agents and others), by
enabling release of energy through charge transfer process of
ions between solution and substrate.
26
Research and Technology Highlights
/BOPTUSVDUVSFE UXPEJNFOTJPOBM %
UVOHTUFO EJTVMQIJEF size and thickness of the nanosheets in BM grade when
(WS2
JTBOFYDFMMFOUNVMUJGVODUJPOBMNBUFSJBMXJUIXJEFSBOHF DPNQBSFEUPUIF.8%842.
of potential applications viz. solid lubricant for aerospace and
automotive sectors, an electronic material, a versatile catalyst
BTXFMMBTBOFMFDUSPEFNBUFSJBMGPS-JJPOCBUUFSJFT
FUD*ONBOZ
PGUIFTFBQQMJDBUJPOT
UIFNBUFSJBMJTFYQPTFEUPUFNQFSBUVSFT
BCPWFOPSNBMBNCJFOUDPOEJUJPOT5IVT
PYJEBUJPOSFTJTUBODF
of the material is an important issue for all such applications.
%JòFSFOU HSBEFT PG %842nanosheet powders with an
average thickness of about 10 nm were synthesized at ARCI
CZBOJOOPWBUJWFHBTTPMJESFBDUJPOTZOUIFTJTNFUIPE QBUFOU
öMFE
#BTFE PO UIF QSFQSPDFTTJOH PG UIF SFBDUBOUT CZ CBMM
NJMMJOH #.
PSNJDSPXBWF .8
UIFBTTZOUIFTJ[FE%842
QPXEFST XFSF DBUFHPSJ[FE BT #. PS .8 HSBEF 0YJEBUJPO
CFIBWJPVSPGUIF#.BOE.8HSBEFOBOPTUSVDUVSFE%842
was studied at elevated temperature in air using differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC). The various stages of phase
USBOTJUJPOBOEPYJEBUJPOUBLJOHQMBDFEVSJOHUIF%4$SVO
BT Fig. 1 DSC plots of various grades of WS2 nanosheet and coarse powders heated in air
manifested by the various peaks in the DSC profile at different (heating rate 10ºC/min)
TUBHFTPGIFBUJOH
XBTJOWFTUJHBUFECZIJHIJOUFOTJUZNJDSP
BSFB%9SBZEJòSBDUJPO 93%
PGUIF%4$TBNQMFT5IFIJHI
JOUFOTJUZ NJDSPBSFB %93% TUVEJFT PO UIF %4$ TBNQMFT
XBT QFSGPSNFE VTJOH 3JHBLV 3BQJE** %NBY TZTUFN XJUI
.JDSP.BY)'BOPEF4BNQMFTGPSNJDSP93%TUVEJFTXFSF
DPMMFDUFEGSPNUIF%4$FYQFSJNFOUTSJHIUBGUFSUIFPDDVSSFODF
PGFBDIPGUIF%4$QFBLT0YJEBUJPOSFTJTUBODFPGUIFEJòFSFOU
grades of WS2 nanosheet powders was compared with that of
commercially available coarse (C) grade.
27
Research and Technology Highlights
S B Chandrasekhar chandru@arci.res.in
At low temperatures, grain boundaries (GBs) act as a source was plotted as a function of strain for various grain sizes. As
of dislocations as well as resistance to dislocation motion. shown in Fig. 2(b), the ratio VHk Hd>1 was noted to
This causes an increase in strength with decrease in grain increase with grain size and strain, and it increased rapidly for
TJ[F E
BDDPSEJOH UP )BMMo1FUDI )o1
SFMBUJPOTIJQ 5IF (# d ≥ 0.55 μm. This reveals that GB effect is more than that of
area increases rapidly with decrease in grain size and more GI, VHk Hd
GPSEźɅNXIFSFBTUIFSFWFSTFJTUSVF
so in submicron and nanocrystalline range. The difference for the larger grain sizes.
in strengths between the GBs and grain interior (GI) at the
onset of plastic strain continues diminishingly during further %JTMPDBUJPO BDUJWJUZ TUBSUT BU NJDSPoZJFMEJOH TUBHF PG
deformation. While, in the early part of deformation, the deformation. In the beginning of plastic deformation, the
dislocations move through GI easily but face greater resistance EJTMPDBUJPOT HFU QJMFEoVQ BHBJOTU CBSSJFST MJLF (#T BOE
at the GBs, the increasing dislocation density (DD) later makes particles whereas other barriers are circumvented by curving
the GB unreachable by the newer dislocations. This results in PG EJTMPDBUJPO MJOFT 0ODF EJTMPDBUJPOT QJMFoVQ
JU SFTVMUT JO
continued variations in local structure and stress distribution back stress within the GI and this creates resistance to the
in polycrystalline material. Presented here is the reflection movement of newer and newer dislocations. This source
PG TVDI EZOBNJTN PG DIBOHFT BOBMZ[FE JO $V XU "M2O3 of internal stress could be the reason that in the beginning
composite with various grain sizes like 25 μm, 2 μm, 0.55 μm, of deformation, k is smaller and σ0 is larger for dźɅN
0.11 μm and 70 nm. Tensile tests were performed at RT at an TNBMMFSEJTMPDBUJPOQJMFoVQMFOHUI
UIBOUIFJSSFWFSTFEPSEFS
initial strain rate of 10o so and at room temperature. From the of magnitudes for d ≥ 0.55 μm. On further deformation to small
TUSFTToTUSBJODVSWFTGPSWBSJPVTHSBJOTJ[FT
UIF)o1UZQFQMPU strains, the higher DD of the lead dislocations in the vicinity
is made to describe the effects of grain size on yield stress (σy) of GBs, in conjunction with the adjoining parallel dislocation
and flow stress at selected strain levels, Fig. 1. QJMFoVQT
BSSBOHFUPGPSNMPXFOFSHZDPOöHVSBUJPOJOUIFGPSN
of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs). The density
5IFWBMVFTPG)o1DPOTUBOUTσ0 and k at various strain levels of GNDs (UG) is proportional to strain gradient (dε/dr), which
were obtained by regression analysis for each region of the increases with increasing average strain (έ) and decreasing d.
CJoMJOFBS)o1QMPU5IF)o1QBSBNFUFSk with increasing strain This results in greater work hardening rate at the GBs, thereby
is plotted as a function of the corresponding σ0 in Fig. 2(a). SBJTJOHUIFWBMVFPGLJO)o1FRVBUJPOFòFDUJWFMZJOUIFFBSMZ
This suggests the increase in both the parameters linearly part of deformation. Similarly, UG GPS öYFE TJ[F BOE WPMVNF
over the smaller strains whereas later k becomes nearly fraction of particles, increases with strain. The DD increases
constant and independent of σ0, which continues to increase in the GI (statistically stored dislocation density, US) as well as
till larger strain. Thus, the GB strengthening is more important NPSF TP OFBS UIF (# BOE NBUSJYQBSUJDMF JOUFSGBDF UG + US).
in the early part of deformation whilst GI strengthening could The higher DD observed in the 70 nm grain sized sample is
be more important at larger strains. Towards assessing this ascribed as the source of higher work hardening rate and
probability, the ratio of GI to GB strengthening, VHk Hd, the development of cells/subgrains by dynamic recovery.
5IFSFCZ
POFXPVMEFYQFDUUIFTVCTUSVDUVSFTFWPMWJOHJOUIF
GI in the form of cell wall and subgrain boundary become
barriers that do not permit the dislocations to reach the GB.
Thus, the strengthening effect of such substructures in totality
could be greater than that of the GB.
(a) (b)
Fig. 1 H–P plot of flow stress at ε = 0.002–0.025 suggesting bi–linearity instead of Fig. 2 (a) Interrelationship between the H–P parameters σ0 and k
conventional linear relationship (b) Plot of as a function of strain for various grain sizes
28
Research and Technology Highlights
% TDBGGPMET PG HSBQIFOF QPTTFTTJOH VMUSBMPX EFOTJUZ
Higher SPS temperature (400°C) breaks the 3D graphene
NBDSPQPSPVTNJDSPTUSVDUVSFBOEIJHIZJFMETUSFOHUIBOE TUSVDUVSFEVFUPJOGMVYPGFYDFTTJWFIFBU
SFTVMUJOHJOMPX
stiffness was developed by the spark plasma sintering yield stress in the sample. A comparative evaluation of
(SPS) process. The starting GO flakes were spark plasma mechanical properties as a function of porosity for the
sintered between 200 and 400°C. The reduction of GO graphene scaffolds in this work and other bone implants
JOUPQVSFCJMBZFSFEHSBQIFOFXBTPCTFSWFE
QPTTJCMZEVF is shown in Table 1.
to imposition of DC pulsed current during SPS processing
CFUXFFO ¡$5IF EFOTJUZ WBSJFE GSPN GPS .54 BTTBZ XBT VTFE UP BTTFTT UIF DZUPUPYJDJUZ PG UIF
UIF EJGGFSFOU 414 DPOEJUJPOT 4&. BOBMZTJT SFWFBMT UIF samples. The MTS results show no significant decrease
overall microstructure to be uniform, with graphene in the cell viability, yielding values > 90% of the titanium
TIFFUT IBWJOH MFOHUIT ɅN 5&. BOBMZTJT TIPXT control at different concentrations after three day. The
stacking of the sheets over one another along different cell numbers increase with culture time and the cells were
orientations, in Fig. 1, resulting in several dark overlapped observed to be healthy and viable, similar to commercial
regions in the micrograph. High current density during Ti bone implants. The thermal stability of graphene
SPS leads to welding of the adjacent graphene sheets in water was evaluated to further study its feasibility
in the overlapped regions, developing a 3D continuous BT BO JNQMBOU NBUFSJBM OP TUSVDUVSBM EFHSBEBUJPO XBT
porous nanostructured network. The structure and observed, indicating the samples to possess sufficiently
bonding mechanisms of the graphene sheets at different high structural stability at high temperatures despite
orientations were investigated through MD simulations UIFJSIJHIQPSPTJUJFT5IFIJHIEFHSFFPGCJPDPNQBUJCJMJUZ
which showed the presence of strong covalent bonds along with high porosity and good mechanical properties
between adjacent graphene sheets leading to structures makes graphene an ideal material for use as body
with good mechanical properties. implants.
The mechanical testing under compression loading Table 1 Mechanical properties and porosity of different bone scaffolds
is shown in Fig. 2. The sample spark plasma sintered at
Material Porosity, Strength, Stiffness, Young’s
300°C has higher yield stress (< 40 MPa) compared to % MPa kN/m Mod
other samples (~ 10 MPa) possibly due to their bonding. Ti 48 54 ± 5 - 7.7 ± 2
5IF GPSNBUJPO PG XFBL )CPOEJOH JO TBNQMF BU ¡$
HAp 41 34 ± 2 - -
due to retention of GO leads to lower strength in them.
The conversion from GO to graphene beyond 250°C is TCP 50 11 ± 1.3 - -
Fig. 1 TEM micrograph showing several graphene layers stacked together; Fig. 2 Compression testing of samples at different
dark patches indicate welding SPS temperatures
29
Research and Technology Highlights
The doped ZnO nanopowder (~30 nm) with different loading 5IF .-7 XBT GBCSJDBUFE CZ MBNJOBUFE UIF öMN NBEF GSPN
slurry (Samples A,B,C and D 0%,30%,40% and 50%) of 30 ml TBNQMF $ BU .1B XJUI JOOFS FMFDUSPEF PG "H1E 5IF
was prepared in neutral pH. The viscosity decreased with HSFFO .-7T XFSF TJOUFSFE BU $ GPS I5IF DPFóDJFOU
increasing the shear rate of the slurry due to its thinning of nonlinearity of 16 and 15, and breakdown voltage of 316
behavior as shown in Figure 1(a). The rheological behavior of BOE7BOEMFBLBHFDVSSFOUBOE"XFSFPCUBJOFE
TBNQMFT#
$BOE%XBTFYIJCJUJOHTIFBSUIJOOJOHUZQFøPX GPS "3$* BOE DPNNFSDJBM .-7T SFTQFDUJWFMZ #SFBLEPXO
behavior due to weakly flocculated solid whereas sample WPMUBHFPG"3$*NBEF.-7JTGPVOEUPCFTVQFSJPSDPNQBSFE
"FYIJCJUT/FXUPOJBOøPXCFIBWJPSEVFUPUIFBCTFODFPG to commercial one as shown in Figure 1 (d). Influence of
TPMJE4BNQMF$FYIJCJUFEWFSZHPPESIFPMPHJDBMQSPQFSUJFT different electrodes (Ni and Cu) on varistors properties is
due to better homogeneous dispersion of the organic under investigation to reduce the cost of the device.
(a) (b)
Thickness: 70 Pm
(c) (d)
Fig. 1 (a) Viscosity of slurries at different solid loading, (b) Photograph (c) AFM image of thick film made from slurry sample C and
(d) Comparison of I-V ARCI made MLV and commercial
30
Research and Technology Highlights
S Anandan anandan@arci.res.in
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged significantly Smaller particle size, carbon coating and the presence
and circumvented the market of electronic and electric PGPYZHFOWBDBODJFTBSFBUUSJCVUFEUPUIFFOIBODFNFOU
WFIJDMF &7
JOEVTUSJFT EVF UP UIFJS EJTUJOHVJTIJOH JOFMFDUSPDIFNJDBMQFSGPSNBODFPG-50CZ)&.'VSUIFS
GFBUVSFT TVDI BT IJHI FOFSHZ EFOTJUZ
OPOUPYJD BOE UIFFMFDUSPDIFNJDBMUFTUJOHJOGVMMDFMMDPOGJHVSBUJPOXBT
MPOH DZDMF MJGF 5IPVHI HSBQIJUF JT FYUFOTJWFMZ VTFE BT also carried out using LiFePO4 as cathode and the results
an anode material in commercial LIBs, its low voltage are promising (Figure 2c & 2d). Further, the cost estimated
QMBUFBV _ 7
NBLJOH JU QSPOF UP TPMJE FMFDUSPMZUF for the synthesis of 1Kg of material reveal that the cost
JOUFSGBDF 4&*
BOEUIFSFGPSFBGGFDUJOHUIFFMFDUSPDIFNJDBM PG -50 _ 64%
TZOUIFTJ[FE CZ )&. JT MFTT UIBO UIF
performance. In contrast, Li4Ti5O12 MJUIJVNUJUBOBUF-50
cost of commercial LTO (~215 USD) electrode material.
is one of the most promising anode materials owing to 'VSUIFSVQTDBMJOHUPQSPEVDFMBSHFRVBOUJUJFTPG-50BOE
JUT[FSPTUSBJODIBSBDUFSJTUJDEVFUPIJHIWPMUBHF _7
optimization of full cell studies are in progress.
TUSPOH SFEPY SFBDUJWJUZ
BOE IJHI TUSVDUVSBM TUBCJMJUZ
Though there are a variety of techniques reported for (a) (b)
synthesis of lithium titanate, they involve complicated
synthesis procedures, huge requirement of solvents &
UPYJDDIFNJDBMTBOEFYQFOTJWFQSPDFTTDPTU'VSUIFS
UIF
surface modification on synthesized LTO to overcome its
disadvantages (poor electronic and ionic conductivity)
render the process more complicated and unsuitable
for commercial applications. In order to overcome these
issues, ARCI intented to develop a simple, economical
and energy efficient scalable technique for production of (c) (d)
carbon coated LTO using a single step high energy milling
QSPDFTT )&.
GPMMPXFE CZ IFBU USFBUNFOU 5IF TUFBSJD
BDJEVTFEJO)&.QSPDFTTQMBZTBEVBMSPMF
POFBTQSPDFTT
controlling agent and other as carbon precursor which
is an added advantage compared to other techniques.
'VSUIFS
JUBMTPIFMQTUPQSPEVDFPYZHFOWBDBODJFTXIJDI
can improve the electronic conductivity of LTO. With
optimized conditions ~2 Kg of LTO was successfully Fig. 1 (a) XRD pattern, (b) XPS spectrum, (c) FE-SEM image
(d) Particle size distribution of HEM LTO
TZOUIFTJ[FE CZ )&. QSPDFTT VTJOH 5J02 and Li2CO3 as
precursor for Ti and Li respectively.
9SBZEJGGSBDUJPOQBUUFSOPG-50 'JHVSF"
TIPXTTIBSQ
peaks at 2T =18.39o, 35.57o, 43.24o, 57.21o, 62.83o, 66.07o
XIJDIDBOCFJOEFYFEUPQIBTFPGQVSFDSZTUBMMJOFMJUIJVN
UJUBOBUFSFTQFDUJWFMZ
JOBHSFFNFOUXJUI*$%%
0207). XPS results (Figure 1b) of LTO show the presence
of Ti3+ in addition to Ti4+ confirming the presence of
PYZHFO WBDBODZ
XIJDI IFMQT UP JNQSPWF UIF FMFDUSPOJD
DPOEVDUJWJUZ PG -50 '&4&. JNBHF PG -50 'JHVSF D
shows moderate particle size with particles distributed
evenly throughout without any agglomeration. The
BWFSBHF QBSUJDMF TJ[F PCUBJOFE GPS -50 CZ )&. JT
ON 'JHVSF E
&MFDUSPDIFNJDBM SFTVMUT EFNPOTUSBUFE
UIBU -50 'JH B BOE C
FYIJCJUFE TUBCMF DBQBDJUZ PG
~169 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 1C rate. Bench mark
studies (Fig. 2b) revealed that the specific capacity of
-50 N"IH
TZOUIFTJ[FE CZ )&. JT IJHIFS UIBO
Fig. 2 (a) Charge-discharge profile and (b) Cyclic stability commercial and HEM LTO
the specific capacity of commercial LTO (113 mAh/g). in half cell (c) and (d) Full cell performance of HEM LTO with LiFePO4
Contributors: P M Pratheeksha, Shaik Nagur Baba, P V V Srinivas, R Vijay and Tata N Rao
31
Research and Technology Highlights
Iron aluminides can be potential candidates for high studies regarding the evaluation of microstructure and tensile
temperature structural applications due to enhanced strength properties at elevated temperatures are in progress.
BOE SFTJTUBODF UP PYJEBUJPO BOE DPSSPTJPO
BOE MPX DPTU
However, these materials do not find use as components
in commercial applications due to poor ductility and drop
in strength beyond 5000C. Research is being carried out
worldwide to improve the ductility by addition of carbon and
chromium, and introducing fine grain structure. Dispersion
PG öOF _ ON
BOE TUBCMF PYJEF QBSUJDMFT JO NFUBMT OPU POMZ
retain the fine grain structure but also improve the strength at
elevated temperatures. ARCI has initiated an R&D programme
GPSUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGPYJEFEJTQFSTJPOTUSFOHUIFOFE 0%4
iron aluminides for gas turbine blades.
&MFNFOUBM'FBOE"MQPXEFSTUPGPSNTUPJDIJPNFUSJD'F3Al were
NJMMFEBMPOHXJUIOBOPZUUSJBQPXEFSJODSZPNJMMBU¡$GPS
10 h. The milled powders were filled in cans, degassed at 450°C
VOEFSY kPa vacuum. The sealed powder filled cans were
VQTFUGPSHFEBU¡$BOETVCTFRVFOUMZFYUSVEFEBU¡$JO
a 250 T hydraulic press.
32
Research and Technology Highlights
J Revathi revathi@arci.res.in
&YDFMMFOUDZDMJOHTUBCJMJUZBOESBUFDBQBCJMJUZPGUIFSNBMMZ
QSPDFTTFE BDUJWBUFE DBSCPO o .H0 JT B QSPNJTJOH
electrode material for energy storage applications.
(a) (b)
Fig. 1 FESEM of thermally processed activated carbon – MgO composite Fig. 3 Cycling stability and rate capability of activated carbon and its MgO composite
33
Research and Technology Highlights
"VTUFOJUJD ȼ'$$
TUFFM QPXEFS
CFJOH EVDUJMF
QSFTFOUT B
challenge in mechanical milling due to powder sticking.
Therefore, efforts are being put in at ARCI to develop an
alternate technique to produce AODS steel of nominal
DPNQPTJUJPO'F$S/J85J:2O3.
Fig. 1 SEM Image of pre-alloyed powder obtained from inert gas atomizer
*OFSUHBTBUPNJ[FEQSFBMMPZFEGFSSJUJDTUFFM 'F$S8
(a) (b)
5J
/J$S
$S
5JBOEOBOP:2O3 powders were used for
this study. Mechanical alloying was carried out in a planetary
CBMMNJMM 'SJUTDI1
VTJOH44WJBMTBOEIBSEFOFETUFFMCBMMT
XJUIBCBMMUPQPXEFSSBUJPPGVOEFSBSHPOBUNPTQIFSF"MM
UIFQPXEFSIBOEMJOHXBTDBSSJFEPVUJOBHMPWFCPY5IFTUBHF
at which Ni is introduced was altered to get homogeneous
composition without deleterious effects of sticking. The
milled powders were compacted and subsequently annealed Fig. 2 As milled powders in (a) Weld dominant (b) Fracture dominant cases
at 1050°C under vacuum.
34
Research and Technology Highlights
Alternative green energy technology for transportation is A long range highly ordered mesostructured carbon is clearly
strongly needed in order to mitigate urban air pollution and WJTVBMJ[FE JO UIF 5&. JNBHF 5IF UFYUVSBM QSPQFSUJFT PG UIF
also to reduce the fossil fuel consumption. In this regard, DBSCPOT XFSF BOBMZ[FE CZ VTJOH / BETPSQUJPOEFTPSQUJPO
TVQFSDBQBDJUPS QPXFSFE FMFDUSJD WFIJDMFT &7T
BSF DPOTJEFSFE measurements as depicted in Fig. 1c & 1d. The type I isotherm
as one of the alternative green energy technologies. JT DMFBSMZ TFFO GSPN 'JH D XIJDI JT JOEJDBUJWF PG UFYUVSBM
Supercapacitor is an emerging energy storage device owing to NJDSPQPSPTJUZ 0O UIF PUIFS IBOE
UIF UZQF *7 JTPUIFSN
its rapid charging and ability to deliver intense burst of power is observed (Fig. 1d) which indicates the presence of the
within few seconds. mesoporosity. In addition to that, the pore size distribution
(BJH) of the sample as shown in Fig. 1d also shows the presence
Activated carbon based electrodes are widely used in of micropores around 1.5 nm and mesopores around 4 nm,
commercial supercapacitors due to their high specific surface respectively.
BSFB
FYDFMMFOUFMFDUSPOJDDPOEVDUJWJUZ
HPPEDIFNJDBMTUBCJMJUZ
BOESFMBUJWFMZMPXDPTU)PXFWFS
UIFUFYUVSBMQSPQFSUJFTPGUIF Finally, the electrochemical performances of the obtained
carbon based electrodes are the most critical factors which DBSCPO NBUFSJBMT XFSF FYBNJOFE JO OFVUSBM /B40
impact the specific energy and specific power of supercapacitors. FMFDUSPMZUF VQUP7
XJUIUXPFMFDUSPEFTTZNNFUSJDTZTUFN
Particularly, the specific capacitance and the rate capability CZ VTJOH DZDMJD WPMUBNNFUSZ $7
BOE DIBSHFEJTDIBSHF
of supercapacitor electrodes are strongly dependent on measurements. From the electrochemical measurements,
the electrolyte access into the pores of the electrodes. it can be clearly observed that the presence of mesopores
can enhance the electrolyte diffusion with favorable ion
The purpose of the study at ARCI is to investigate the decisive transport and consequently improve the rate capability of the
role of ordered mesopores on electrochemical performance supercapacitors. It was found that the composite which contains
PG BDUJWBUFE DBSCPODBSCPO CBTFE TVQFSDBQBDJUPS FMFDUSPEFT 30 % mesopores showed the best performance in terms of
5IF SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO UIF UFYUVSBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJD PG UIF specific capacitance as well as rate capability (Fig. 2a & 2b).
carbon and the rate capability of the carbon electrodes were
FYBNJOFE*OUIJTSFHBSE
IJHITVSGBDFBSFBNJDSPQPSPVTDBSCPO (a)
was synthesized by simple carbonization of pine wood followed
by KOH activation. Mesoporous carbon (MC) was prepared
CZ UFNQMBUF NFUIPE 'VSUIFSNPSF
TFSJFT PG NJDSPQPSPVT
mesoporous carbon composites with different mesoporous
DPNQPTJUJPOT XFSF QSFQBSFE CZ TJNQMF NJYJOH BOE UIF
electrochemical performance was evaluated. For comparison,
mesoporous carbon activated with KOH was also prepared and
investigated.
(c) (d)
Fig. 1. Structural morphology and textural properties of carbon materials Fig. 2. Electrochemical performance of carbon materials
35
Centre for Engineered Coatings
I n continuation of the past efforts of establishing its leadership in the area of development of surface engineering technologies
and transferring to Indian industry, significant efforts have been made during the year by launching new coating technologies
viz., advanced high frequency detonation spray system, academic and research versions of the micro arc oxidation system and
portable cold spray system for transfer.
This year has been special for the Centre as it got a newly furnished centralized facility that houses various coating, characterization
and performance evaluation facilities. The new CEC facility was inaugurated and dedicated to the nation by Dr. Y. S. Chowdary,
Honorable Minister of State for Ministry of Science and Technology and Earth Sciences, Govt. of India on 27.02.2017.
Consistent with the CEC’s objective of making forays into emerging areas of surface engineering, including surface characterization,
a joint demonstration centre for advanced nanomechanical characterization has been established in collaboration with
Nanomechanics Inc, USA, a global leader in the development of nanomechanical testing methodologies. The joint centre will
develop next generation nanomechanical test equipment and testing methodologies not only to support the ongoing technology
development activities at ARCI, but also to accelerate the growth of the nanomechanical testing marketplace in India. The joint
centre currently has state-of-the-art high strain rate nanomechanical tester and non-ambient multi-dimensional nanomechanical
tester that enables fast mechanical property mapping of a wide range of materials including thin films and thick coatings.
The centre successfully executed more than a dozen externally funded projects to support the energy, automotive and aviation
sectors. These projects range from applied research using several in-house technologies like cold spray, solution precursor plasma
spray, electron beam physical vapor deposition, pulsed electro deposition and micro arc oxidation to deposition of erosion resistant
coatings using cathodic arc physical vapour deposition.
As a part of ARCI TechEx 2017, the centre organized a business opportunity workshop to sensitize the market and showcase its
technologies and achievements. The workshop was well received and several potential entrepreneurs showed keen interest in
various technologies. During the workshop, the process know-how for a few select coating compositions using the pulsed electro
deposition technique was also showcased in addition to some newly launched technologies mentioned above.
The new Centre for Engineered Coatings (CEC) facility was inaugurated and dedicated to the nation by Dr. Y S Chowdary, Honorable Minister of State for
Ministry of Science and Technology and Earth Sciences, Govt. of India on 27.02.2017 during the ARCI TechEx 2017
36
Research and Technology Highlights
(a) (b)
Fig.2 Worn surface morphology of (a) Bare Al-Cu alloy and (b) MAO coated Al-Cu-CNT composite after dry pin-on-disc sliding wear tests
37
Research and Technology Highlights
$ISPNJVNPYJEF $S2O3) is widely being used as a wear, friction detonation sprayed Cr2O3XU"M2O3 coating compared to
and corrosion resistant material on a variety of engineering air plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coating. Similarly, detonation sprayed
components used in aerospace, marine, chemical, wire Cr2O3XU"M2O3DPBUJOHTFYIJCJUFEBCFUUFSBCSBTJWFXFBS
NBOVGBDUVSJOH
UFYUJMF
QBQFS BOE QVMQ JOEVTUSJFT 4JNJMBSMZ
resistance than air plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coating.
Al2O3 DPBUJOHT BMTP FYIJCJU HPPE NFDIBOJDBM QSPQFSUJFT BOE
BOUJXFBSQFSGPSNBODF*O$S2O3"M2O3 coatings, Cr2O3 stabilizes Potentio dynamic polarization tests were carried out on
the D"M2O3 phase in the final coating. It has been reported that coatings and results are shown in Fig. 2. A Tafel fit was employed
plasma sprayed Cr2O3"M2O3 coatings showed better mechanical to analyze the polarization curves, and corrosion rates were
properties when the Al2O3DPOUFOUJTJOUIFSBOHFPGXU PCUBJOFECZFYUSBQPMBUJOHUIF5BGFMTMPQFT5IFDPSSPTJPOSBUF
compared to pure Cr2O3 and Al2O3plasma sprayed coatings. of detonation sprayed Cr2O3XU"M2O3 coating is 0.24 mpy,
However, very limited information is available on detonation which is one third of the corrosion rate of air plasma sprayed
sprayed Cr2O3"M2O3 coatings. Cr2O3 DPBUJOH NQZ
JOEJDBUJOH FYDFMMFOU DPSSPTJPO
resistance of detonation sprayed coating compared to air
Cr2O3XU "M2O3 coatings were deposited by detonation plasma sprayed coating. From above discussion, it is clear that
spray coating (DSC) technique on Ti substrate used for making the results are very encouraging in detonation sprayed Cr2O3
QSPQFMMFS TIBGU TFBMT VUJMJ[JOH NFDIBOJDBMMZ NJYFE $S2O3 20 wt.% Al2O3 coating compared to air plasma sprayed Cr2O3
and Al2O3 powders. Detailed microstructural analysis and coating. Cr2O3XU"M2O3 coating is deposited on propeller
performance evaluation tests like sliding wear, corrosion were shaft seal and real time performance evaluation is in progress.
carried out and compared to air plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coatings.
4&. JNBHFT PG DSPTT TFDUJPO PG EFUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE $S2O3
20wt.% Al2O3 and plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coatings are shown in
'JH BC
5IFNJDSPHSBQIPGEFUPOBUJPOTQSBZFE$S2O3XU
Al2O3DPBUJOH FYIJCJUFE B UIJDL BOE EFOTF QPSPTJUZ_
TUSVDUVSFXJUIBMUFSOBUF$SBOE"MPYJEFMBZFSTBOETPMJETPMVUJPO
formation at some places. In contrast, high porosity (1.8%) and
cracks at splat boundaries and within the splats were noticed
in air plasma sprayed Cr2O3DPBUJOH7JDLFST)BSEOFTTWBMVFT
BU H MPBE NFBTVSFE PO UIF DPBUJOH DSPTTTFDUJPOT XFSF
)70.2BOE)70.2. XRD analysis revealed the presence of
Cr2O3 and D"M2O3 in the detonation sprayed Cr2O3XU"M2O3
coating compared to only Cr2O3 phase in the air plasma sprayed
coating. A better sliding wear performance was observed when
graphite pin slid against detonation sprayed Cr2O3 XU
Al2O3 coating compared to air plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coating. Fig.2 Potentio dynamic polarization plot of detonation sprayed Cr2O3-20wt.% Al2O3 and
Weight loss of graphite pins is three times less when slid against plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coatings in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution
(a) (b)
Fig.1 Cross-sectional SEM images of (a) Detonation sprayed Cr2O3-20wt.% Al2O3 and (b) Plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coatings
38
Research and Technology Highlights
There has been an increasing demand in industry for EFUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE8$$P DPBUJOH 1PUFOUJP EZOBNJD
materials which can withstand harsh environment. WC QPMBSJ[BUJPO UFTUT XFSF DBSSJFE PVU PO EFUPOBUJPO 8$
based coatings have been successfully applied as a (W,Cr)2$/JTQSBZFEJOXU/B$MTPMVUJPOJOGPSXBSEBOE
protective wear resistance materials on various industrial SFWFSTFTDBOTBOESFTVMUBOU&WT*QMPUBSFTIPXOJO'JH
components by thermal spray techniques. WC carbide %FUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE 8$ 8
$S
2$/J DPBUJOH FYIJCJUFE
DPBUJOHT
XIJDI DPOUBJO $P BT B NBUSJY QIBTF
DBO XJUI B MFTT IZTUFSFTJT JO SFWFSTF TDBO DPNQBSFE UP 8$$P
TUBOE PYJEBUJPO SFTJTUBODF VQ UP oC without decrease coating. A better corrosion resistance is observed in
JOUIFJSXFBSQSPQFSUJFT#VU
QSPQFSUJFTPG8$$PDPBUJOHT EFUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE 8$ 8
$S
2$/J DPBUJOH DPNQBSFE
will decrease drastically above 540oC due to severe UP EFUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE 8$$P DPBUJOH 5IFSFGPSF
PYJEBUJPO *O BEEJUJPO
UIF DPSSPTJPO SFTJTUBODF PG8$$P EFUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE 8$ 8
$S
2$/J DPBUJOH IBWJOH
coatings under mild alkaline conditions is poor due to Co. desirable properties of wear, corrosion resistance can be
used in the applications where both wear and corrosion
" OPWFM DPNQPTJUJPO 8$ 8
$S
2$/J DPOTJTUJOH PG UXP resistance are important.
carbide phases instead of one hard (WC) phase in metallic
NBUSJY IBT CFFO EFWFMPQFE UP JODSFBTF UIF PYJEBUJPO
resistance and corrosion resistance of coated components.
Detonation spray technique is widely used to deposit
carbide coatings where the deposition process involves
higher kinetic energy and relatively lower thermal energy
DPNQBSFE UP QMBTNB TQSBZ UFDIOJRVF BOE FYIJCJUT MPXFS
dissolution of WC phase and hence better wear resistance.
8$ 8
$S
2$/J DPBUJOHT XFSF EFQPTJUFE PO HSJU CMBTUFE
mild steel substrate by detonation spray coating technique.
5IF 4&. JNBHFT PG QPXEFS BOE DPBUJOH DSPTTTFDUJPOT
BSFTIPXOJO'JH&%4BOBMZTJTPOQPXEFS 'JHB
DSPTT
section identified the presence of two carbide phases
where WC phase (bright region (A)) embedded in (W,Cr)2C
phase (grey region (B)) and Ni rich phase (dark region (C))
at the centre of the powder particle.
(a) (b)
Coating
A C
30 Pm Substrate 200 Pm
Fig.1 SEM images of cross-section of WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni (a) Powder and (b) Detonation sprayed coating
39
Research and Technology Highlights
G Sivakumar gsivakumar@arci.res.in
Tungsten possesses many essential properties like high spraying parameters like plasma power, spray distance, powder
melting temperature, good thermal conductivity, low tritium feed rate etc. Three different thermal spray W powders with
retention, low sputtering rate, high vapour pressure and more BWFSBHFQBSUJDMFTJ[FPG
N
SFTQFDUJWFMZXFSFDIPTFO
importantly, low erosion rates which makes it the material of for the present study.
choice for various applications in fusion reactors. Tungsten
and tungsten alloy coatings are candidate materials for plasma It is reasonable to believe that the tungsten would be
facing components of diverter plates in future fusion reactors. completely melted during plasma spraying, given the
A large number of coating techniques have emerged over the significantly higher thermal energy available during spraying.
years to enable tungsten coatings on the substrates that are )PXFWFS
BTJHOJöDBOUBNPVOUPGUIFIFBUøVYJTUSBOTGFSSFEUP
to be used in divertor applications. Deposition of W coatings the substrate through splat quenching, which coupled with
UISPVHI QIZTJDBM WBQPVS EFQPTJUJPO 17%
BOE DIFNJDBM MBSHF $5& NJTNBUDI CFUXFFO UIF TVCTUSBUF BOE 8 EFQPTJUT
WBQPVSEFQPTJUJPO $7%
JTUPPFYQFOTJWFBOEBMTP
MJNJUFECZ induces detrimental tensile stresses. This could limit the
low coating thickness. coating thickness and also induce significant damage to the
substrate. Therefore, the effects of parameters like plasma
Plasma spray is known for its share of advantages, like high QPXFS
TQSBZEJTUBODFCFUXFFOUIFOP[[MFFYJUBOETVCTUSBUF
EFQPTJUJPO SBUF BOE JOTJUV SFQBJS PG UIF EBNBHFE DPBUJOH
powder feed rate and primary gas flow rate are to be studied
and in particular, is more effective in terms of cost and ease of in detail. Simultaneously, the optimization studies with respect
operation, albeit has certain drawbacks like high impurities, to the overlapping and shroud attachment was also carried
QPSPTJUZ BOE SFMBUJWFMZ IJHIFS PYJEF DPOUFOU %JWFSTF WBSJBOUT out to achieve W coatings with desired characteristics. Typical
PGQMBTNBTQSBZJOHJODMVEJOHWBDVVNQMBTNBTQSBZ 714
MPX microstructure of W coatings deposited on various substrates
pressure plasma spray (LPPS), etc have provided a broad range of JTTIPXOJO'JH5IFPYJEFDPOUFOUTJOUIF8DPBUJOHTXFSF
results over typical divertor substrate materials like Cu, stainless found to be less than 0.2% and the porosity present within the
TUFFM
FUD'VSUIFSSFEVDUJPOJOJNQVSJUJFTBOEPYJEFDPOUFOUXBT microstructure was measured as 3.7 ± 0.8%, which were much
also attempted through spraying W coatings in a controlled within the desired characteristics. The coating adhesion strength
gas atmosphere or by using shroud attachment. Given the measured through modified Ollard’s technique yielded about
above background, the aim of the present study is to develop 93 to 113 MPa, which was found to be acceptable. Based on the
conditions to deposit thick coatings using atmospheric plasma above results, mockups were fabricated on various substrate
TQSBZXJUIMPXFTUQPTTJCMFQPSPTJUZBOEPYJEFDPOUFOUT#BTFE materials like CuCrZr, SS316LN and RAFM steel and were
on the above coating characteristics, the performance analysis TVCKFDUFEUPIJHIIFBUøVYUFTUJOH5IF8DPBUJOHTEFQPTJUFE
UISPVHIIJHIIFBUøVYUFTUJOHXJMMCFDBSSJFEPVU5IFEFTJSFE on various substrates successfully withstood the cyclic heat
characteristics are being attempted through optimization of load tests carried out at 500oC.
Fig. 1. Cross-sectional microstructures of W coatings deposited on various substrates showing the overall microstructure and also the interface
40
Research and Technology Highlights
(b)
6UJMJ[JOH UIF BEWBOUBHFT PG 1&%
"3$* IBT TVDDFTTGVMMZ
EFQPTJUFE BOE QBUFOUFE /J84J$ OBOPDPNQPTJUF
coatings with improved corrosion and wear resistance
compared to conventional hard chrome and NIKASIL
coatings. The electrolyte used for deposition is
environment friendly when compared to hard chrome
coatings. The deposition efficiency of SiC particles in
coating is very high. These coatings are virtually free
from cracks with uniform distribution of submicron size
4J$ QBSUJDMFT JOTJEF /J8 NBUSJY 'JH B
VOMJLF IBSE
chrome and NIKASIL coatings. The wear rate is 15 and
2 times lower compared to hard chrome and NIKASIL
coatings, respectively. Friction coefficient (Fig. 1(b)) is
twice as low compared to above coatings. These coatings
withstand 1000 hrs of salt fog environment as per ASTM Fig. 1. Nanocomposite coating (a) Illustrating uniform distribution of SiC particles and
B117. Fine SiC particles increases uniform oil retention (b) Comparison of friction coefficient of various coatings
41
Research and Technology Highlights
S Kumar skumar@arci.res.in
Cold spray coating technique is one among the thermal Keeping this in mind, tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum
TQSBZWBSJBOUTJOXIJDIIJHIWFMPDJUZNJDSPOTJ[FEQBSUJDMFT QPXEFSTXFSFQPUNJYFE BUEJòFSFOUWPMVNFQFSDFOUBHFT
are impacted onto substrate / previously deposited layers with copper powder and sprayed using cold spray
to form coating by strain induced adiabatic heating technique. Figures 1a and 1b show the cross sectional
accompanied by shear instability. Due to low processing TDBOOJOHFMFDUSPONJDSPTDPQFJNBHFTPGUIF$V8BOE$V
temperature and high deposition rate, this process is Ta composite coatings, respectively.
suitable for rapid production of many metallic coatings.
Many conventional metals have been successfully The coatings were characterized for electrical conductivity,
deposited using air as process gas. The deposition hardness and sliding performances. Also the retainment
characteristic in multi component systems comprising of refractory powders in the coatings was estimated
similar deformable materials is easy to establish. The using image analysis system and the results are presented
deposition scenario is necessarily different in materials in Table.1. The coatings were heat treated at 600oC for
system which contains different degree of deformability. FOIBODFEJOUFSTQMBUCPOEJOHTUBUF'SBDUVSFTUVEJFTSFWFBM
'FX BUUFNQUT UP EFQPTJU NVMUJDPNQPOFOUT QPXEFS that particulates (tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum)
NJYUVSFT IBWF CFFO EFNPOTUSBUFE CZ SFTFBSDIFST GPS BSF FOUSBQQFE BU UIF JOUFSTQMBU CPVOEBSJFT PG DPQQFS
various functional applications. High density refractory TQMBUT'JHTIPXTUIFGSBDUVSFE$V8DPBUJOHT0OFDBO
NFUBMT TVDI BT UVOHTUFO
UBOUBMVN BOE NPMZCEFOVN DP clearly observe the entrapped tungsten particles in the
deposit with soft metals have technical importance in high DPQQFS NBUSJY XIJDI JT DPNQMFUFMZ EJòVTFE EVF UP IFBU
temperature erosion applications. treatment (reflected as dimples).
(a)
(b)
Fig.2. Fractured Cu-W coatings
42
Research and Technology Highlights
Cold gas dynamic spray is a coating technique that involves high BOE QSPQFSUJFT XFSF BOBMZTFE BT B GVODUJPO PG 4'& BOE QPTU
velocity (or high strain rate) impacts of micron sized metallic/ treatment. Hardness was mapped using a ultra fast mapping
BMMPZDPNQPTJUFQPXEFSQBSUJDMFT N
POUIFTVCTUSBUFBT technique. It was observed that there was considerable
well as particles themselves in solid state. However, the coating BNPVOUPGIBSEFOJOHJOEVDFEJOUIFDPBUJOHTJOUIFiBTDPBUFEw
formation is based on successful bonding between particle/ DPOEJUJPO WJTËWJT UIF TUBSUJOH QPXEFS 'JHB
5IF FYUFOU
substrate and particle/particle generally confined to localized PG IBSEFOJOH JODSFBTFE BT UIF 4'& XBT MPXFSFE 'JHC
5IF
areas at the respective interfaces due to the phenomena of IFUFSPHFOFJUZ JO IBSEOFTT BMTP JODSFBTFE BT UIF 4'& SFEVDFE
adiabatic shear instability prevalent above a certain critical XJUIUIFNBYJNVNTQSFBEJO$V"M
JOUFSNFEJBUFJO$V"M
velocity of impact. The microstructure of the coating as a and least in pure Cu (Fig.1b). The heterogeneity in hardness
XIPMFBOEPSTJOHMFTQMBUJTFTTFOUJBMMZBGVODUJPOPG J
FYUFSOBM in all the coatings reduced considerably after a brief post
parameters such as particle velocity and temperature and (ii) treatment using infrared emitter due to reduction in cold work
internal parameters such as thermo mechanical properties BTTPDJBUFEEFGFDUTBOEHSBJOHSPXUIJOTPNFDBTFT5IFFYUFOU
of the feedstock at the strains/strain rates/temperature after of reduction was the highest in pure Cu followed by Cu2.2Al
impact process. In addition to the above, another important and Cu7.5Al. All the above results are self consistent with the
material property (especially in FCC materials) that decides microstructures observed in these coatings as shown in Fig.1c
the microstructure evolution at high strain rates is the stacking and 1d. The average grain size is higher in copper and also
GBVMUFOFSHZ 4'&
*OHFOFSBM
NBUFSJBMTXJUIIJHI4'&EFGPSN the heterogeneity is minimal as shown in Fig.1c whereas the
predominantly due to slip (due to ease of cross slip) and opposite can be observed in case of Cu7.5Al where there is
deformation twinning is commonly seen in materials with low high heterogeneity in the microstructure and very fine grains/
4'&*OUIFQSFTFOUXPSL
DPBUJOHTPGUISFFNBUFSJBMTWJ[
$V ż deformation twins resulting in highest local hardness values
80 mJ/m2
$V"M żN+N2
BOE$V"M żN+N2) were compared to the other two materials.
obtained at identical particle velocity and the microstructure
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Fig.1. Cumulative distribution function of hardness in (a) Cu 7.5Al powder, as coated and IR treated conditions (b) Three materials in “as coated” state
(c) and (d) Etched FIB images of pure Cu and Cu7.5Al coatings in “as coated” state
43
Research and Technology Highlights
The development of hard and wear resistant protective SFBMUJNF QFSGPSNBODF TUVEJFT BSF FODPVSBHJOH XJUI
coatings for machining tools was initiated during early B NJOJNVN PG UXPGPME UPPM MJGF FOIBODFNFOU JO BMM
1980’s. Since then, large number of studies have been the processes (i.e. machining, punching or chopping).
carried out on coatings like TiN, CrN, TiAlN, CrAlN, etc., In particular, the obtained low friction coefficient
FYBNJOJOH UIFJS NFDIBOJDBM BOE USJCPMPHJDBM QSPQFSUJFT enhanced the flowability of the material in minting
These coatings have been in the market for decades application. In case of machining advanced materials
owing to their superior wear resistance, thermal stability, such as compacted graphite iron (CGI), Inconel, Ti6"M7
BOE PYJEBUJPO SFTJTUBODF )PXFWFS
XJUI UIF BEWBODFT the temperature developed is very high and hence, the
in technologies and development of novel materials as MPXFSGSJDUJPODPFGGJDJFOUXJMMCFIJHIMZIFMQGVM5IFSFBM
BO BMUFSOBUJWF UP UIF FYJTUJOH NBUFSJBMT JO BVUPNPUJWF
time machining studies on these materials are currently
aerospace, boiler, industries, the need for finding an in progress.
effective solution to machine these materials is also
gaining importance. Conventional tools/methods prove *OBOVUTIFMM
IBSEDPBUJOHTXJUIBDBSCPOJUSJEFTVSGBDF
to be inadequate in machining these materials due to MBZFSFYIJCJUTJHOJGJDBOUMZSFEVDFEDPFGGJDJFOUPGGSJDUJPO
several limitations. Development of nanocomposite concurrently reduces heat generation and therefore
coatings has led to simplifying the machining of these enhances the maching tool life.
NBUFSJBMT /BOPDPNQPTJUF DPBUJOHT FYIJCJU IJHI
temperature stability with high hardness coupled with
UPVHIOFTT *O MJOF XJUI TUBUFPGUIFBSU UFDIOPMPHJFT
and requirements, at present, the focus is towards the
development of various nanocomposite coatings in
association with several functional coatings (mono,
multi or graded structures) for various manufacturing/
industrial applications.
Fig. 2 a) Polymer chopping WC blade, b) Nanocomposite + carbo-nitride coated milling inserts, c) TiCrN + carbo-nitride coated minting die
44
Research and Technology Highlights
N Ravi nravi@arci.res.in
Nanocomposite, a variant of nanomaterials, consists of two shaped alumina and spherical zirconia sand particles were
PS NPSF
QIBTF TUSVDUVSF
JO XIJDI POF PG UIF QIBTFT JT separately used as the blasting media for this purpose. The
FNCFEEFE JO UIF NBUSJY PG UIF PUIFS QIBTF BOE CPUI UIF blasting pressure was maintained at 2 bar and continued for
QIBTFT BSF PG OBOPTJ[F OD5J"M/B4J3N4 nanocomposite 10 seconds in each case. Subsequently, cyclic nanoimpact
possessing hardness of the order of 40 GPa is a recently UFTUT XFSF DPOEVDUFE PO BTDPBUFE BOE NJDSPCMBTUFE
developed well known superhard coating for cutting samples at 100 mN load using Berkovich indentor and
tools, mould, dies, etc. and are reported to perform far repeated at 10 different locations on each of the samples.
TVQFSJPSUPUIFDPOWFOUJPOBM17%DPBUJOHTTVDIBT5J/
GPa), TiAlN (30 GPa) etc. While the operating temperatures 'JHVSFT B
D
TIPX TVSGBDFT PG UIF DPBUJOHT XJUIPVU
of TiN and TiAlN are 500°C and 800°C, respectively, blasting and, with zirconia and alumina blasting,
nanocomposite coatings are reported to function even at respectively. The surfaces without blasting and with
higher temperatures of the order of 1000°C during cutting zirconia blasting show marginal differences as far as surface
UPPM PQFSBUJPOT GPS JNQSPWFE QSPEVDUJWJUZ &TQFDJBMMZ
deformation is concerned while that with alumina blasting
under dry machining conditions. Cyclic nanoimpact test, TIPXT TFWFSF EFGPSNBUJPO PG UIF DPBUJOHT 'JHVSFT B
which simulates interrupted machining operations such D
TIPX UIF UJNFEFQUI DVSWFT GPS BCPWF UISFF TBNQMFT
as milling, has recently been demonstrated to test the obtained during cyclic nanoimpact test. While the smooth
coated samples using a nanoindenter under cyclic loads. transition of the curve indicates good performance of the
The nanocomposite coatings have been deposited in a coating, the abrupt change in the curve signifies fracture
DBUIPEJDBSD17%VOJUXJUIDZMJOESJDBMDBUIPEFTPOYY in the coating. From the Figures, it is clearly seen that the
mm3 high speed steel samples. The coated samples fracture probability (no. of tests in which fracture events
have been subjected to microblasting to verify their have been observed) of the zirconia coated samples is more
performance during machining and compare with that of or less similar to that of the surface without blasting while
BTDPBUFE TBNQMFT XJUIPVU NJDSPCMTBUJOH .JDSPCMBTUJOH
higher fracture probability is seen in case of the sample with
depending on blasting medium, is known to introduce alumina blasting. This suggests that the irregular alumina,
either compressive or tensile stresses, which influence which causes severe deformation in the coating, makes it
cracking events in the samples being tested. Irregular vulnerable for fracture.
Fig.1 Surfaces of the nanocomposite coating (a) No blasting, (b) Zirconia and (c) Alumina blasting
(a) (b) (c)
Fig. 2 Time-depth curves for coatings of (a) No blasting, (b) Zirconia and (c) Alumina blasting
45
Research and Technology Highlights
The recently established joint demonstration centre the differences in hardness between the cobalt (blue color)
for advanced nanomechanical characterization in and WC phase, the map also shows the hardness variation
DPMMBCPSBUJPO XJUI /BOPNFDIBOJDT *OD
IBT TUBUFPG CFUXFFO EJòFSFOU HSBJOT PG 8$ XJUI UIF DBYJT PSJFOUFE
UIFBSU TNBMM TDBMF NFDIBOJDBM DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO GBDJMJUJFT grains (triangular shape) showing the highest hardness.
to characterize a wide range of materials under ambient
BOE OPOBNCJFOU DPOEJUJPOT 5IF TVQFSJPS NFBTVSFNFOU Fig. 2(a) and 2(b) show the hardness maps for a cold sprayed
technology enables a wide range of small scale contact /J#4$ NFUBM NBUSJY DPNQPTJUF DPBUJOH JO UIF BT DPBUFE
FYQFSJNFOUT JODMVEJOH SFHVMBS OBOPJOEFOUBUJPO UFTUJOH BOE IFBU USFBUFE DPOEJUJPO
SFTQFDUJWFMZ "T FYQFDUFE
UIF
XJUI DPOUJOVPVT NFBTVSFNFOU PG TUJòOFTT
VMUSBMPX MPBE B4$ QBSUJDMFT FYIJCJU NVDI IJHIFS IBSEOFTT DPNQBSFE UP
indentation for thin films, high speed spatial and volumetric UIF NBUSJY *OUFSFTUJOHMZ
BGUFS IFBU USFBUNFOU JO WBDVVN
mapping of mechanical properties, frequency specific at 6000$ GPS IPVST
UIF IBSEOFTT PG UIF NBUSJY EPFT OPU
viscoelastic characterization, high strain rate tests via step change much but the B4C particles soften significantly and
loading that can access strain rates close to 104 s, constant EJTTPDJBUFUPBTIFMMMJLFTUSVDUVSFXJUIIJHIFSIBSEOFTTDMPTF
load and hold tests for low strain rate creep response, to the particle outer surface which is as shown in Fig. 2(b).
etc. These capabilities enable testing of a wide range of
material systems including, metals, ceramics, composites,
QPMZNFST
.&.4 EFWJDFT
CJP NBUFSJBMT
UIJO öMNT BOE
thick coatings. In addition to their superior measurement
technology, one of the distinguishing feature of these
instruments compared to many commercially available
instruments is their throughput. Ultra fast indentation
tests where each indent takes less than one second, can
be routinely performed, thereby enabling mechanical
property (hardness and elastic modulus) mapping over
large areas and also access to large data sets for advanced
statistical analysis.
(a) (b)
Fig. 2 Hardness map of cold sprayed Ni-B4C in (a) As-coated and (b) Heat treated conditions
46
Centre for Ceramic Processing
M ajor focus of Centre for Ceramic Processing (CCP), during the period of this report was towards establishing the first
commercial production facility for transparent ceramics in India based on the technology developed at ARCI and transferred
to the industrial partner. Transparent ceramics commercially produced at this production facility employs a patented cost-
effective technology, which delivers world class products with close to theoretical transmission. Centre has also been successful
in its efforts to fulfill the commitments on the technology development and supply of deliverables of the time bound sponsored
programs. Products from sponsored programme on extrusion processing of porous zirconia based thermally insulating sleeves
have already been tested at user end and phase-I of the programme is successfully completed. Sodium beta alumina solid
electrolytes produced through in-house solid state synthesis have also shown the ionic conductivity in the specified range of
2-6x10-2 S/cm. Shaping trials according to the user requirement through pressure casting as well as by cold isostatic pressing are
in the final stages, for field trials by the sponsorors of the project.
Centre has undertaken several specialized job works and supplied prototypes as a part of demonstrating the technologies.
Centre has fabricated and exported 1000 Nos. of prototype alumina spools to M/s. American Isostatic Press, USA and is being
used in their high temperature furnaces. As a part of continuing in-house programmes, the concept of porous burner with
reticulated ceramic foam for improved and efficient combustion with less emission has been demonstrated. Modifications on
combustion process and safety issues are being addressed to arrive at the prototype designs. New programmes in 3-D printing
of ceramics and development of sodium beta alumina based ceramics for high energy batteries are also initiated during the
period of this report.
To increase the outreach of its activities, the Centre partnered with the Indian Ceramic Society and organized an International
conference on “Ceramics, Glass and Refractories - Emerging Innovations” at Hyderabad and also hosted a workshop on
“Advanced Ceramic Processing and Fabrication” during December 2016.
47
Research and Technology Highlights
'JH SFWFBMT $PMF$PMF QMPUT CFUXFFO UIF ;w BOE ; BT B
function of frequency at different temperatures. From the
microstructural point of view, ZnAl2O4 is a polycrystalline
ceramic made up of grains separated by grain boundaries.
Generally, two semicircles are observed, attributed to grain
and grain boundaries. The semicircle in the low frequency
region is attributed to the grain boundary properties due
to parallel combination of resistance and capacitance. The
semicircle in the high frequency region passes through
the origin representing attributed to the grain property of
the material, which occurs due to parallel combination of
resistance and capacitance of grains. The corresponding fitted
plot along with equivalent circuit is also shown. Highly stable
crystalline structure with low dielectric constant rendered this
material suitable for the radio frequency seeker application. Fig. 3 Cole-Cole plots and equivalent circuit
48
Research and Technology Highlights
49
Research and Technology Highlights
Magnesium Aluminate Spinel (MgAl2O4) is an emerging Shiga, Japan). The current limit at the power supply was set
ceramic material due to its unique combination of to 60 mA. The furnace temperature was raised at a heating
mechanical, optical and corrosion resistance properties. rate of 10°C/min up to 1410°C in air. The power supply was
4FWFSBMSFTFBSDIFSTIBWFFYQMPSFEUIFTJOUFSJOHPG.H"M2O4 then switched to current control when the current reached
CZ WBSJPVT UFDIOJRVFT TVDI BT DPOWFOUJPOBM QSFTTVSFMFTT the limit value. The voltage supply and furnace were turned
sintering as well as pressure and field assisted sintering off 60s after the flash event. A CCD camera recorded the
techniques. Though flash sintering was carried out on sample dimensions through a quartz window positioned
spinel systems in detail, MgAl2O4 was not reported and in front of the furnace. The temperature of the specimen
IFODF
UIJT TUVEZ XBT VOEFSUBLFO %VSJOH øBTITJOUFSJOH
XBTDPODVSSFOUMZNFBTVSFECZBQZSPNFUFS *3$"4$IJOP
the densification occurs almost immediately (typically<5s) Tokyo, Japan) through another quartz window positioned
VOEFSIJHI%$öFMETBOEIBTBUUSBDUFEFYUFOTJWFBUUFOUJPO behind the furnace. The samples were characterised for
as an innovative sintering technique. This not only results density and microstructure in order to correlate with flash
in significant retardation of grain growth but also leads sintering conditions.
to substantial economic benefits. Spinel powder surface
passivated by ARCI were flash sintered in collaboration The densification curves for the MgAl2O4 materials
with National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan. measured for different applied DC field values as a function
5IF TQJOFM QPXEFS XBT TVSGBDF NPEJöFE BOE NJYFE XJUI of the furnace temperature are shown in Fig. 1along with the
QPMZWJOZM BMDPIPM BT B CJOEFS JO XBUFS BOE XBT VOJBYJBMMZ digital images of green and flash sintered spinel sample. The
DPNQBDUFEVOEFS.1BQSFTTVSFJOBEPHCPOFTIBQFE MgAl2O4BU7DN DPOWFOUJPOBMTJOUFSJOH
FYIJCJUFEBöOBM
EJF5IFEJNFOTJPOTPGUIFEPHCPOFTIBQFETQFDJNFOIBT relative density of 68.6% after the temperature rising up to
a gauge portion of 3.3 mm width, 1.4 mm thickness and ¡$"UUIFöFMETGSPNUP7DN
UIFöOBMEFOTJUJFT
20 mm length with a green density of 0.45± 0.005 of the BU UIF FOE PG UIF TJOUFSJOH FYQFSJNFOUT XFSF POMZ TMJHIUMZ
theoretical density. JODSFBTFE
BOE UIF öFMET IBWF OPU FYIJCJUFE TJHOJöDBOU
FòFDU PO UIF EFOTJöDBUJPO CFIBWJPS "U 7DN
'JFME
The specimen was suspended in the center of a furnace in "TTJTUFE 4JOUFSJOH 5FDIOJRVF '"45
JT GPMMPXFE CZ øBTI
air by two platinum wires attached to the handles of the sintering, which is characterized by almost vertical slopes
dog bone specimen. A constant DC voltage ranging from PG UIF TISJOLBHF DVSWFT UIF EFOTJöDBUJPO JT BDDFMFSBUFE BU
UP7DNXBTBQQMJFEUPUIFTQFDJNFOCZBIJHI temperatures greater than 1200°C with the final density of
WPMUBHF QPXFS TVQQMZ )"31 .BUTVTBEB 1SFDJTJPO
97.9% being achieved at 1410°C. The temperature for the
POTFUPGUIFøBTIXBT¡$BU7DN'JHJTTIPXT
the microstructure of flash sintered samples at 1410°C in
WBSJPVT öFMET PG
BOE 7DN .H"M2O4 sample
TJOUFSFEVOEFS7DNFYIJCJUTTNBMMFSHSBJOTJ[FPGBSPVOE
N 4QJOFM TQFDJNFO TJOUFSFE BU 7DN BDIJFWFT
similar grain size. However, average grain size of the sample
TJOUFSFE BU 7DN JT BSPVOE N BMPOH XJUI UIF öOBM
density of 97.9% theoretical density.
Fig. 1 Relative density of the MgAl2O4 specimens with different DC fields as a Fig. 2 SEM images of the MgAl2O4 bodies sintered under the following conditions:
function of the furnace temperature. Photograph of the specimens before (a) Heated up to 1410°C at the field of 0 V/cm (conventional sintering),
and after the flash sintering at 1000 V/cm is inserted (b) Heated up to 1410°C at 750 V/cm and (c) flash-sintered at 1000 V/cm
50
Research and Technology Highlights
5IFCVSOFSJTEFTJHOFEXJUIBQSFNJYJOHDIBNCFSBOEUIF
foam at the top as a porous combustion media. Compared to
free flame, the effective heat transport through the porous
NFEJVNJTFYQFDUFEUPCFUXPUPUISFFPSEFSTPGNBHOJUVEF
This higher heat transfer in porous media leads to a faster (b)
flame propagation leading to flame stabilization during
combustion. Though various approaches are there for
flame stabilisation, the approach most relevant for burner
applications are two regimes corresponding to higher and
MPXFS WFMPDJUJFT BOE JT EFöOFE CZ UIF NPEJöFE 1FDMFU
number Pe,
51
Research and Technology Highlights
Fig. 1 Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of 25 wt.% aqueous KOH solution recorded over differently Fig. 2 The digital photographs of (a) custom-made SS-316 high-pressure two-compartment
surface modified Ni bulk monolith metal electrodes anodically (a) and cathodically electrochemical cell and (b) Zirfon® perl anion transporting membrane employed
(b) recorded at a scanning rate of 100 mV/s after purging and blanketing the electrolyte for splitting water into H2 and O2 gases from 25 wt.% aqueous KOH solution
with Ar gas at 20 sccm. using surface treated Ni electrodes.
52
Centre for Laser Processing of Materials
T he Centre for Laser Processing of Materials (CLPM) works towards development and promotion of laser-based manufacturing
solutions for the industry. The activities span from R&D work towards an in-depth understanding of various processes,
development of applications and manufacturing solutions followed by know-how transfer to the user industries. The research
topics are: materials joining (laser welding, laser-arc hybrid welding, laser brazing), surface treatment (hardening, cladding,
alloying and softening), repair & refurbishment and micromachining (surface texturing, microcutting, microdrilling etc.). During the
year, activities on laser based metal additive manufacturing have been initiated with the objective of developing next generation
aerospace components, bio-medical parts, special tools & dies and refurbishment of damaged components. A powder bed type
Additive Manufacturing (AM) demonstration machine with a 280 x 280 x 365 mm³ build envelope equipped with 400 W Yb-Fibre
laser was established jointly with SLM Solutions Singapore Pvt. Ltd., and Design Tech Systems Limited.
In the ultrafast laser processing, various application development/demonstration activities such as laser surface texturing of
automotive engine materials for improved tribological performance, fabrication of microheaters, modification of co-fired ceramic
PCBs, microdrilling of fast X-ray apertures , microslit cutting of astronomical telescope etc. were undertaken.
In the laser hardening area, a very innovative method of laser microstructuring under water on very low carbon and thin automotive
steel sheets was demonstrated. Similarly, laser hardening process has been developed on roller bearing elements like racers and
rollers with controlled distortion, surface finish and substantial improvement in tribological performance.
A very advanced laser brazing system which has been commissioned in the recent past has been extensively used to carry-out
seam tracking based joining of metallic materials in similar and dissimilar combinations. Especially, joining of aluminium alloys
and steel have been successfully achieved and physical demonstrator assemblies were attempted.
Laser and laser-MIG hybrid welding was successfully used to weld thick sections of nickel based super alloys IN617 and HAYNES 230
tubes and plates, which are materials for Advanced Ultra Super Critical (AUSC) steam boiler.
The laser clad coating technology for life improvement of thermal power plant burner tips which was developed in the past has
been taken up by an industry for commercial applications. Repair and refurbishment of expensive aero-engine components and
diesel engine blocks using the laser cladding technique were attempted and prototypes for field testing were fabricated.
The centre has organized a one day conference on “Future of Indian Automotive Industry: Lasers and its Applications” in association
with Messes Muenchen India co-located with Laser World of Photonics India at BIEC, Bengaluru.
In summary, laser based manufacturing processes were developed for application in various industrial sectors such as automotive,
thermal power, electronics and tools & dies. In the current year, the centre made a successful entry into AM as well.
Joint Technology Demonstration Centre with SLM Solutions and Design Tech Systems Powder Bed Type Additive Manufacturing (AM) Demonstration Machine
G Padmanabham
gp@arci.res.in
53
Research and Technology Highlights
Fig. 1 Optical microscope image of dimples created with Fig. 2 Raman spectra of un-textured and Fig. 3 Ball-on-disk test performed at room
femtosecond laser surface micro-texturing femtosecond laser textured temperature: friction coefficient as a
on a material’s surface samples function of time
54
Research and Technology Highlights
Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) is rapidly becoming an built at ARCI using AM which are otherwise challenging for
important method for the fabrication of both prototype and conventional (subtractive) manufacturing, (a) Hole in a hole
production metal parts. The additive process opens a new sphere with conformal cooling channel. Matt finish is the
XPSMEPGEFTJHOJOOPWBUJPOUIBUQSFWJPVTMZEJEOPUFYJTU5IFSF SFTVMU PG TIPU CMBTUJOH C
3JOH NBEF XJUI öOF IPOFZDPNC
is a need for development of methodology and criteria for a TUSVDUVSF D
"TCVJMUBOETIPUCMBTUFE*NQFMMFSXJUIUXJTUFE
part selection, approach for a redesign of the selected parts to CMBEFT E
.FUBMMJDöMUFSBOE F
4NBMMIPMMPXJOKFDUJPOOP[[MF
GVMMZFYQMBJOUIFBEWBOUBHFPG-".)PXFWFS
UIFUFDIOPMPHZ of 22 mm height with three opening slots at the tip.
is just in its infancy, and significant work still needs to be done
for understanding how various process parameters affect the Test coupons built along with above components using
results and development of new materials. LAM methods facility at ARCI have shown density of 99.68% of theoretical
typically have a relatively small process window of laser density, which corresponds to porosity of 0.32%.
parameters, where minor changes in beam dimension and
scanning strategies can significantly affect quality.
55
Research and Technology Highlights
S M Shariff shariff@arci.res.in
Contributors: E Anusha
56
Research and Technology Highlights
High strength low alloy steels are commonly used in high strength low alloy steel was developed successfully with
automotive, energy and general engineering sectors for crack free clad with minimal porosity (less than 0.5% porosity)
various power transmission gears shafts, connecting rods and a uniform hardness profile. In order to evaluate mechanical
propeller shafts, and heavy forgings such as rotors, shafts, disc TUSFOHUI BOE XFBS QSPQFSUJFT
NJDSPUFOTJMF UFTU BOE CBMMPO
etc. Such components can be damaged during operation disc sliding wear tests on clad material are being carried out.
due to wear at the contact areas and refurbishment of such
components using laser cladding can save the replacement Table 1 Chemical composition of the 4340 powder
cost. Also, refurbishment technology can be beneficial in
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo
countering environmental concerns.
Wt % 0.40 0.75 0.30 0.80 1.80 0.25
In the present work, repair of low alloy high strength steel in
(a) 415HV (b) 580HV
hardened and tempered condition was studied using laser
cladding process. The clad powder was selected based on
required properties such as wear resistance at least on par
XJUIUIFTVCTUSBUFIBSEOFTTPGUIFCBTFNBUJOHTVSGBDFBOE
DPNQBUJCJMJUZXJUIUIFTVCTUSBUFJOUFSNTPGUIFSNBMFYQBOTJPO
and other mechanical properties. Alloy steel AISI4340 powder
XBT TFMFDUFE GPS UIF MBTFS DMBEEJOH FYQFSJNFOUBUJPOT 5IF
chemical composition of the same is mentioned in the
table 1. Hardened and tempered substrate was used for the
FYQFSJNFOUBUJPO-BTFSDMBEEJOHXBTQFSGPSNFEVTJOHBL8
IJHI QPXFS EJPEF MBTFS XIJDI JT JOUFHSBUFE XJUI B BYFT
robotic system.
5IF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM NBDSPHSBQI BOE NJDSPIBSEOFTT QMPU PG (c) 380HV (d) 680HV
the single track clad with optimized parameters are shown in
fig 1 and 2. As it is a highly hardenable steel a Heat Affected
;POF )";
PGNEFQUIXJUIBIBSEOFTTPG)7XBT
observed. The area clads also show the HAZ but as the laser
cladding in area is done by overlapping of the single track
clads, the first clad will be hardened and tempered when the
neighboring clad is deposited. Fig 3 shows the different heat
affected regions in the clad due to subsequent clads. The
NJDSPIBSEOFTT PG UIFTF SFHJPOT WBSJFT GSPN UP )7
Fig. 3 Area clad macro and micrographs at different heat affect and tempered regions
Micrographs at 2000X for each region are shown in the fig
*O PSEFS UP IPNPHFOJ[F UIJT NJDSPTUSVDUVSF B QPTU DMBE
IFBU USFBUNFOU 1$)5
XBT DBSSJFE PVU 5IF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM
hardness profile after PCHT is shown in the fig 4. It can be
observed that the hardness profile is uniform in the clad, HAZ
and substrate region. A laser cladding solution for repair of
Fig. 1 Cross-sectional macrograph of Fig. 2 Cross-sectional micro-hardness Fig. 4 Cross-sectional micro-hardness profile of area clad in as cladded
single track clad profile of single clad bead and PCHT conditions
Contributor: G Padmanabham
57
Research and Technology Highlights
Fig. 1 Macrograph of laser hybrid weld cross-section Fig. 2 Fractured transverse tensile tested samples
58
Centre for Fuel Cell Technology
T he Centre for Fuel Cell Technology (CFCT) continues to be at the forefront of Polymer Electrolyte membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
technology development in the country. The Centre undertakes R&D Activities, covering all aspects of materials to components
to system. Initiatives were taken for manufacturing of fuel cell components and stacks in consultation with relevant Industries.
During the year, apart from demonstrating the PEMFC technology in-house, CFCT has also identified a few collaborators across
India for demonstrating the technology to increase the outreach and market acceptance of the technology. CFCT has demonstrated
the working of complete prototype PEMFC systems along with portable PEMFC systems consisting of electrolysers/metal hydride
canisters, during ARCITechEx2017 and Digitechman 2017 organized by ESCI, Hyderabad. Recently, the working of a complete
PEMFC system along with reactant management system (flow controllers, blowers, humidifiers), power management system
(Converters, Inverters) various load banks (AC , DC), fuel cell control monitoring system along with data logging facility for current,
voltage, temperature, individual cell monitoring provision was demonstrated at Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) . The system
successfully generated a power of 500 KWh using the hydrogen available at GAIL.
Apart from fuel cell technology demonstration, CFCT is also engaged in R & D activities related to durable electro catalysts,
modeling, electrolyzers for hydrogen generation, metallic bipolar plates for transport application of fuel cells, energy storage using
Zn based batteries, hydrogen storage using Alane, and supercapacitors using carbon derived from agricultural wastes.
In terms of creation of new infrastructure, ANSYS software is in place for the simulation of PEMFC stacks. In addition FT-IR
spectrophotometer and battery cycler are installed. During the year, a few students and scientists obtained best presentation
awards in International Conferences.
In summary, during the year the centre successfully field tested its PEM fuel cell systems and increased its outreach towards
collaboration with potential user industries.
N Rajalakshmi R Gopalan
rajalakshmi@arci.res.in gopy@arci.res.in
59
Research and Technology Highlights
N Rajalakshmi rajalakshmi@arci.res.in
Fuel Cell Demonstration at Neyveli Lignite Corporation( Similar demonstration has been initiated with the GAIL.
NLC), Neyveli and Gas Authority of India (GAIL) Limited, "GUFS JOTUBMMBUJPO
1&.'$ TUBDL XBT PQFSBUFE BOE NBOZ
Noida, National Capital Region (NCR). wings of R & D centre of GAIL were lighted using Fuel cell
power. The various challenges that need to be addressed
1&.'VFMDFMMTBSFJEFBMMZTVJUFEGPSEFDFOUSBMJ[FEQPXFS BSFDPOUJOPVTPQFSBUJPOPGUIFTZTUFNXJUIPVUNBOZTUBSU
generation, provided hydrogen is available. In the stops, due to control monitoring system and inverters.
absence of accelerated methods to test fuel cells, the only
option to ascertain the life of the fuel cell systems is to
operate them continuously. This is possible only when the
hydrogen is available continuously. The project aimed to
EFNPOTUSBUF1&.'$BUWBSJPVTTJUFTBOEHFOFSBUFEBUBPG
system developed at various environments. The objective
PGUIFDPMMBCPSBUJPOCFUXFFO$'$5"3$*BOE/-$
/FZWFMJ
is to take forward the fuel cell implementation through
research and for practical applications. The resources
required for the said demonstration were provided
by NLC in terms of hydrogen produced through an
electrolysis process, coolant water and the required loads.
A fully integrated fuel cell system comprising of high
QFSGPSNBODF 1&. GVFM DFMM TUBDL XJUI UIF QFBL DBQBDJUZ
of 5kW, fuel cell control system and thermal management
TZTUFN XJUI QPXFS DPOWFSUFST EFWFMPQFE CZ $'$5
ARCI was tested in the premises of NLC to demonstrate
UIF 1&.'$ GPS TUBUJPOBSZ BQQMJDBUJPOT DPOTJTUJOH PG "$
and DC loads. The power conditioner employed in the
1&.'$TZTUFNJODMVEFECPUI%$"$JOWFSUFSBOE%$%$
converter. During the operation at NLC, a total of 54kWh
of power was generated and was utilized for loads like
IBMPHFOMBNQT
"$EJTQMBZVOJU
-&%QBOFM
*OEVTUSJBMGBO
BOE $'- CVMCT 1&.'$ TZTUFN XPSLFE BU UIF JOEVTUSJBM
site with a current/voltage efficiency of 90%, system
efficiency of 45% using the hydrogen provided by NLC.
Demonstration of PEMFC at NLC, Neyveli Demonstration of PEMFC at GAIL, Noida, New Delhi
Contributors: K Ramya, R Balaji, A Balamurugan, RVadsudevan, R Parthasarathy, N Kannadasan, N Sudalai and Velmurugan
60
Research and Technology Highlights
N Rajalakshmi rajalakshmi@arci.res.in
The conventional carbon supported platinum electrocatalyst a promising candidate. A detailed study of Metallic Bipolar
has a challenging durability issue in the transport application 1MBUF .#11
GPSNBCJMJUZIBTCFFODBSSJFEPVUFYQFSJNFOUBMMZ
PG1&.'$5IFTUBSUVQBOETIVUEPXOPGUIFGVFMDFMMDBVTFT BOE UIF SFBDUBOUT øPX BOBMZTJT CZ VTJOH "/4:4 $'%
the catalyst support material, carbon to corrode at faster (Computational Fluid Dynamics). In the preliminary step, 3D
rate due to the higher potentials created due to the air fuel CAD design of the flow field is modelled and a set of molds
boundary formation at the anode. This serves as a main were fabricated, followed by development of flow field plates
SFBTPO GPS UIF QFSGPSNBODF EFHSBEBUJPO PG 1&.'$ "3$* by stamping method using conventional hydraulic press.
has developed a corrosion resistant support for platinum
catalyst (1) Zirconium Carbide with and without activation The load to impart the flow field design in the substrate
1UB;S$ BOE 1U;S$
BOE
7VMDBO DBSCPO DPBUFE XJUI B material was optimized for making MBPPs without any
QPMZNFSQPMZCFO[JNJEJ[PMF 1U79$1#*
5IFFMFDUSPDBUBMZTUT physical damage. Flow channel depth of 0.95 mm is achieved
were tested electrochemically with various protocols to against the of target (1 mm) by making use of 0.2 mm thick
FTUJNBUFGPSJUT&$4"MPTTBOEXFSFDPNQBSFEXJUIUIF%0& SS316L sheet thus achieving a formability factor of 95%.
UBSHFUT1PMZNFSFMFDUSPMZUFNFNCSBOFGVFMDFMMT 1&.'$T
BSF Further, to improve the corrosion resistance of the SS316L
performance limited in presence of impurities when present in øPX öFMET QMBUFT JO UIF 1&. GVFM DFMM FOWJSPONFOU
TVSGBDF
fuel hydrogen. These impurities adversely affect the kinetics of treatments and coating are being attempted. Plasma Nitriding,
the platinum catalyst. Numerical modeling is a powerful tool one such surface treatment is attempted over SS316 flow field
UP VOEFSTUBOE UIF UIFSNPDIFNJDBM BOE QIZTJDPDIFNJDBM plates in which the flow fields were imparted by conventional
processes that take place within the gas diffusion layer (GDL) NJMMJOHBOEDFMMTUBDLTUVEJFTXFSFDBSSJFEPVUXJUIQMBTNB
and the catalyst layer (CL) during the cell operation. Numerical nitrided SS316 flow field plates.
NPEFMJOHVTJOH$7PEFTPMWFSJNQMFNFOUFEVTJOH$JTVTFE
UPNPEFMUIFFòFDUPGJNQVSJUJFTMJLF$MJO1&.'$T However, they got corroded after 20 hours of fuel cell
PQFSBUJPO EVF UP OPOVOJGPSNJUZ JO UIF GPSNFE MBZFS
"JSDPPMFE QPMZNFS FMFDUSPMZUF GVFM DFMMT BSF QPUFOUJBM Optimization of all the associated parameters is being
candidates for stationary and portable power applications, BUUFNQUFE UP PCUBJO DPNQMFUF
QPSFGSFF
VOJGPSN DPBUJOH
due to their simple construction, ease of operation and over the MBPP.
minimum balance of plant. The present objective is to develop
an air cooled polymer electrolyte membrane based fuel cell
stack with enhanced performance that can be easily fitted
into a material handling device. The flow distribution profile
was analysed by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using
ANSYS software. The flow velocity distribution corresponding
to 20 to 100 CFM of air flow rate with different pillar spacing
was simulated to understand the flow distribution pattern
BOEJTTIPXOJO'JHVSF*OMPXUFNQFSBUVSF1&.'$
XBUFS
management is very important for balancing the hydration of Velocity Profile Pattern Experimental Facility for Humidification Studies
the polymer electrolyte membrane as it is essential to reduce
the flooding and dehydration. At CFCT, we have focused on
XBUFSUPHBT GPS BJS IVNJEJöDBUJPO
BOE EFQFOET PO UIF
operating temperature of the stack. A closed loop liquid
cooling system has been effectively used for air humidification
XJUIPVUFYUFSOBMIFBUJOH5IFBJSSFMBUJWFIVNJEJUZJODSFBTFE
Die Design and Mould
GSPNUP"L81&.'$NPEVMFIBTCFFOJOUFHSBUFE
with membrane humidifier and the stack performance has
been evaluated and is found that the humidity level of the
PYJEBOUJTTBUJTGBDUPSZGPSUIFPQFSBUJPOPGTUBDL
K Ramya ramya@arci.res.in
Highly efficient energy storage devices are required for ORR reaction as they provide the required surface
storage of power produced by power plants, renewable area, porosity (for 3 phase reaction) and conductivity.
energy sources like wind power and solar farms etc. The However, these materials are known to corrode at high
stored energy would be useful for transportation, mobile potentials. Hence, modifications in the carbon material
and stationary applications. Zinc based battery systems were carried out by electroless nickel plating, which
offer suitable performance with long discharge/charge help in decreasing the corrosion of the carbon and in
MJGF BU PQUJNBM DPTU BOE BSF OPOGMBNNBCMF BOE OPO achieving high capacity and rechargeability.
FYQMPTJWF JO OBUVSF )PXFWFS
SFDIBSHFBCMF CBUUFSJFT
based on zinc have to overcome the challenges like low Catalyst (Co3O4) and carbon modifications have resulted
cycling stability, high degradation rate, passivation and in cells with higher capacity and rechargeability.
TFMG EJTDIBSHF QPTFE CZ UIF ;JOD FMFDUSPEFT "MLBMJOF &MFDUSPEF NPEJGJDBUJPOT XFSF BMTP DBSSJFE PVU XJUI "H
;O/JCBUUFSJFTBOE;OBJSCBUUFSJFTBSFCFJOHEFWFMPQFE CBTFEDBUBMZTUTUPJNQSPWFDZDMJOHJOUIFUXPFMFDUSPEF
to capitalize on the advantages of zinc based systems. architecture. The electrodes were found to be stable
for more than 50 cycles of repeated charging and
Two different approaches are being adopted for EJTDIBSHJOH .FUBM PSHBOJD GSBNFXPSL CBTFE DBUBMZTUT
development of Zn/air batteries of high capacity. In the were also synthesized for use as bifunctional catalysts
first approach, a three electrode cell has been developed for cathode electrodes.
with separate charging and discharging electrodes, i.e.,
UP TFQBSBUF UIF UISFF QIBTF PYZHFO SFEVDUJPO SFBDUJPO
033
BOE UIF PYZHFO FWPMVUJPO SFBDUJPO 0&3
4VDI
a system overcomes the irreversibility and the high
potentials involved in the use of bifunctional catalyst.
A three electrode Zn/air cell based on gas diffusion
electrodes coated with Pt/C, Ag/C and a metal free
organically modified graphene catalyst have been Solar Charging of Zn/Air Cell
developed with ~ 75% coulombic efficiency. The cell
could be cycled at various current densities and a At ARCI, attempts are being continued for the development
NBYJNVN DVSSFOU EFOTJUZ PG N"DN 2. The cell could PG SFDIBSHFBCMF BMLBMJOF ;JOD/JDLFM GPS USBOTQPSU
be cycled for more than 300 cycles. A two cell stack application. Currently, the work has been carried out with
developed in the same configuration gave a capacity UIF BJN PG JNQSPWJOH DZDMF MJGF PG UIF /JDLFM[JOD DFMM CZ
PG 8I " TJY DFMM CBTFE PO UIF BCPWF DPOGJHVSBUJPO modifying the Nickel electrode preparation condition of
XBT BTTFNCMFE BOE B NBYJNVN DBQBDJUZ PG 8I XBT sintering temperature and duration. The performance of
achieved. Further, a freely air breathing Zn/air cell that modified electrode was tested in single cell of electrode
could be discharged with a current density of 3 mA/cm 2 area of about 40 cm2 and cycle life was increased from 100
was also tested. to 220 cycles. Further, the electrode area was scaled up
from 40 sq.cm to 150 sq.cm and the larger volume cell was
fabricated and assembled. The photograph of the larger
area electrode/ cell is shown in the figure 3. The cyclic
behaviour of this cell was tested and obtained about 1.0
Ah capacity for about 100 cycles and further evaluation is
under progress.
*OBOPUIFSBQQSPBDI
;OBJSCBUUFSJFTVTJOHCJGVODUJPOBM
DBUBMZTUT DBQBCMF PG PYZHFO SFEVDUJPO BOE PYZHFO
evolution were developed to fabricate cells based on
two electrode architecture. Carbon based materials
are generally used for fabrication of electrodes for Large Area Ni Electrode for 1 Ah Battery with Cyclic Stability
62
Research and Technology Highlights
R Balaji rbalaji@arci.res.in
At ARCI, attempts are in progress to carry out to develop NFUIPE 5IF QIZTJPDIFNJDBM DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO GPS
IJHIFS DBQBDJUZ /NIS
1&. CBTFE &MFDUSPDIFNJDBM prepared electrocatalyst was carried out. The half cell
.FUIBOPM3FGPSNFS &$.3
GPSIZESPHFOQSPEVDUJPO8JUI FMFDUSPDIFNJDBMDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOBOE&$.3GVMMDFMMTUVEJFT
the view to reduce the cost of the electrolyser, an earlier were also performed. The obtained results are superior to
attempt has been made through two different approaches. the carbon supported platinum catalyst, and it provides
(i) by improving system performance (ii) development of DPTUSFEVDUJPOPGBCPVUJO&$.3TUBDL
alternative membrane for use as an electrolyte in place of
the Nafion membrane currently used and (iii) development
of electrocatalyst in place of Pt/C for use as Hydrogen
&WPMVUJPO 3FBDUJPO )&3
FMFDUSPDBUBMZTU 1SFTFOUMZ
(&/
&$.3 TUBDLT EFWFMPQNFOU JT JO QSPHSFTT XJUI UIF
improved electrode performance to meet out the one of
the objectives of the present project.
'VSUIFS
JU JT BJNFE UP EFWFMPQ &$.3 TZTUFN CBTFE PO
renewable energy, especially solar energy that is the
best alternative for producing hydrogen very quickly and
FóDJFOUMZ *OTUFBE PG DPOOFDUJOH UP UIF HSJE
B 17 BSSBZ
may be attached to an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen,
which then may be used in a variety of applications.
5IF EFWFMPQFE TZTUFN JODMVEF J
" 17 BSSBZ BTTPDJBUFE
XJUI NBYJNVN QPXFS QPJOU USBDLFS EFWJDF .115
GPS
solar energy conversion to the electricity needed for the
electrolysis. (ii) DC/DC converter. This converter is used to
MJOLUIF17VOJUUPUIFFMFDUSPMZTFSTUBDL JJJ
"OFMFDUSPMZTFS
unit and (iv) Aqueous methanol supply system and (v),
UIFSNBM TZTUFN 5IF 1IPUPHSBQI PG EFWFMPQFE &$.3
system is shown in figure 1. The developed system will
deliver hydrogen at the rate of about 10 lit/hr.
(A) N-graphene Supported Pd electrocatalyst for HER (B) GEN-2 ECMR Stack
Contributors: V Gautham, Manjulla Reddy, N Sudalaiyandi, R Vasudevan, R Parthasarathy, N Rajalakshmi and K Ramya
63
Research and Technology Highlights
64
Centre for Non-Oxide Ceramics
C entre for Non-Oxide Ceramics (CNOC) at ARCI has been actively pursuing R&D activities around various carbides, nitrides,
and borides, their coatings and composites for wide range of applications. Focus of the centre being on the development
of SiC mirror for space optics, it continued to peruse research on improvement of silicon carbide substrate properties. During
the period of this report the centre has realized light weighted substrates with complex geometries and configurations up to
a size of 730 mm. The centre has also demonstrated its capability to engineer CVD SiC coatings with the thermal expansion
compatibility with the substrates leading to a high level of surface finish (< 1 nm RMS roughness) on optical polished surface.
ARCI has established the state-of-the-art processing facilities and gathered sufficient expertise through realizing a non-oxide
ceramics based sponsored programme for producing large size ceramic components for blast protection applications with
proven ballistic performance.
The Centre has developed near-net shaped porous SiC parts which will find applications in hot gas and molten metal filtrations,
heat exchangers, and volumetric solar radiation absorbers etc. SiC foams with wide range porosity have been produced
through optimization of various gelcasting parameters including dispersant concentration, slurry viscosity and solid loading.
Ongoing R&D activities of the centre also include development of reticulated SiC foams, ready to press SiC powder through
proper selection of additives and binders, carbon nano fibre and nano tube reinforced silicon carbide composites either by using
nano powder as primary phase or incorporating them in the matrix as a secondary phase. The centre is pursuing research for
development of thermal shock resistant low dielectric sample holder material for application in plasma environment. The centre
has developed spray freeze drying technique to produce different size ready to press (RTP) granules consisting of submicron and
nano size ceramic powders. In addition, the centre has successfully developed the technologies for range of products such as
reaction bonded and pressureless sintered silicon carbide for mechanical seals, wear resistant parts etc.
Overall, several non-oxide ceramics have been processed for a range of applications through state-of-the-art facilities and
expertise developed over the years realising various finished components and technologies.
Spray-Freeze-Drying Unit SiC light weighted sintered substrate with complex geometries
65
Research and Technology Highlights
Ȼ4J"M0/ $FSBNJDT EFSJWFE GSPN QBSFOU 4J3N4 structure JO UIF SBOHF PG XU XFSF QSFQBSFE CZ GSFF[F ESZJOH
FYIJCJU FYDFMMFOU DPNCJOBUJPO PG NFDIBOJDBM
UIFSNBM BOE technique to produce easily friable granules with uniformly
dielectric properties due to their inherent crystallography distributed additives and pores. Freeze granulated samples
BOEFOHJOFFSFENJDSPTUSVDUVSF5IFTIPSUFSBOETUSPOH"M0 were compacted at 80 MPa pressure followed by pressureless
bond length formed by substituting Si and N with Al and O sintering at temperature ranging from 1650 to 17500C in
in a tetrahedrally coordinated AlO4 arrangement and the nitrogen atmosphere. XRD pattern as shown in Fig.1 confirms
SFGSBDUPSZ JOUFS HSBOVMBS HMBTT NBUSJY XJUI IJHI BTQFDU SBUJP UIF QSFTFODF PG BMVNJOVN TJMJDPO PYJEF OJUSJEF IFYBHPOBM
IFYBHPOBM FMPOHBUFE TIBQFE HSBJOT NBLF Ȼ4J"M0/ IBSEFS Si4Al2O2N6 Ȼ4J"M0/
DSZTUBMTUSVDUVSFBTJOEJDBUFECZEPUUFE
and tougher than the parent Si3N4 material. Moreover, the lines along with additional peaks of yttrium aluminum silicon
MPX WBQPVS QSFTTVSF PG Ȼ4J"M0/ SFTUSJDUT JU UP EFDPNQPTF PYJEF OJUSJEF :4J0.5Al0.5O0.5N2.5) and yttrium silicon nitride
at high temperature and makes it a material of choice for (Y2Si3N6) phases indicated by arrow head and solid lines
high temperature applications like cutting tool, chemically SFTQFDUJWFMZ&MPOHBUFEBOEFRVJBYFENJYFEHSBJONPSQIPMPHZ
stable thermal shock resistance crucibles etc. In addition, was seen in sintered samples with or without addition of
due to its low specific density, low dielectric properties, starch. In case of Y2O3 and Nb2O5 containing composites,
outstanding weather compatibility such as thermal, erosion it was observed that Y2O3 containing composites show
BOE PYJEBUJPO SFTJTUBODF DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT
Ȼ4J"M0/ JT BMTP elongated grains whereas the grain morphology changes
DPOTJEFSFEBTBXBWFUSBOTNJUUJOHNBUFSJBMT)PXFWFS
UIFSF UP FRVJBYFE JO DBTF PG /C2O5 containing composites.
is a need to reduce the dielectric constant of the material and "NJYFEHSBJONPSQIPMPHZXBTPCTFSWFEGPSCPUI:2O3 and
improvement of fracture strength for the aforementioned Nb2O5 containing composites as shown in Fig. 2. The lattice
applications. The introduction of controlled uniformly TQBDJOH PG ON GPS IFYBHPOBM 4J4Al2O2N6 Ȼ4J"M0/
EJTUSJCVUFEQPSFTUPUIFȻ4J"M0/DFSBNJDTIFMQTJOSFEVDJOH also matched with the values reported in the literature. The
the dielectric constant without much sacrifice of mechanical porosity level in sintered samples increased from 0 to ~22%
strength. Also, the fracture toughness of the composites can with the increase of starch content from 0 to 10 wt%. The
be enhanced by refining the microstructure which is possible hardness of the samples was found to decrease from ~1700
by the incorporation of additives which form solid solution Hv to 422 Hv but the dielectric constant was found to reduce
XJUIUIFIPTUMBUUJDFJOUIFNBUSJY from 7.5 to 5.5 as shown in Table. 3.
The present study is carried out to investigate the effect From the above results, it can be concluded that the use of
of addition of different additives and pore former on the appropriate additives in SiAlON ceramic could change the
NJDSPTUSVDUVSF BOE UIF QSPQFSUJFT PG Ȼ4J"M0/ Ȼ4J"M0/ microstructure significantly and also provide the guidelines
DPNQPTJUFT XJUI BEEJUJPO PG ZUUSJVN PYJEF :2O3) and for optimization of electrical, thermal and mechanical
OJPCJVNPYJEF /C2O5
JOUIFSBOHFPGXUBOETUBSDI properties for various applications.
Table 1 Properties of porous SiAlONs with different wt.% starch as the pore former and
sintered at 17000C
Fig. 1 XRD pattern of different porosity SiAlONs by variation of starch as the pore template: Fig.2 Microstructures of SiAlONs (a) 6% Y2O3 (b) 3% Y2O3-3% Nb2O5 (c) 6% Nb2O5
(a) 0, (b) 1.0, (c) 2.5, (d) 5.0 and (e) 10.0 wt.% containing composites
66
Research and Technology Highlights
Silicon carbide (SiC) based ceramics are desired for several BOBMZTJT "MXUBUBOENEFQUIJTBOE
applications including structural parts because of their respectively).
superior mechanical and thermal properties, resistance to
PYJEBUJPO BOE DIFNJDBM BUUBDL FUD /PSNBMMZ
4J$ QBSUT BSF 'JH TIPXT UIF DIBOHFT JO 7JDLFST IBSEOFTT )7
BOE
manufactured by pressureless sintering of powder compacts indentation fracture toughness (KIC) with increase in
JOUIFQSFTFODF#BOE$BTUIFTPMJETUBUFTJOUFSJOHBEEJUJWFT TQFDJNFO EFQUI *U DBO CF PCTFSWFE UIBU )7 EFDSFBTFT
above 2100°C or by using Y2O3/Al2O3 BT UIF MJRVJEQIBTF with depth along with increase in fracture toughness. The
sintering additive at about 2000°C or by various reaction TJHOJGJDBOUMZMPX)7CFZPOE_ɅNEFQUIJTEVFUPUIF
sintering techniques. However, the low fracture toughness presence of pores that also led to difficulty in measuring
of monolithic SiC is the major disadvantage for structural the KIC by indentation method. The increase of fracture
BQQMJDBUJPOT &YUFOTJWF TUVEJFT IBWF CFFO SFQPSUFE GPS toughness up to ~ 700 μm depth could be attributed to
improvement in the fracture toughness to enhance the the increase in secondary phase which is in agreement
SFMJBCJMJUZ PG 4J$ DFSBNJD JO IJHIUFDI BQQMJDBUJPOT FH with the microstructural features as shown in Fig. 1.
aerospace, casting industry etc. Present study reports the 5IFSFGPSF
UIF 4J$ CPEJFT XJUI 4J$:2O3 consolidated
preparation of reaction sintered SiC with relative density by Al vapour infiltration enhance the fracture toughness
(RD) higher than 96 % through infiltration of Al vapour into VQUPUIF_NJOGJMUSBUJPOEFQUI%FUBJMTTUVEJFTPO"M
the SiC compacts with 6 wt.% Y2O3 as an additive. The effects rich secondary phase formation in SiC consolidation that
of specimen thickness on Al infiltration, microstructure and enhanced the fracture toughness of SiC are in progress.
mechanical properties are discussed.
(a) 3.0 wt.% Al (b) 5.5 wt.% Al (c)
Aqueous slurries of SiC powder with 6 wt. % Y2O3 additive
BSFQSFQBSFECZXFUNJMMJOHJOBIJHIFOFSHZQMBOFUBSZCBMM
mill and the slurry thus prepared is dried and granulated. Secondary
phase Porosity
(SFFOTQFDJNFOT BQQSPYJNBUFMZEJNFOTJPOT¨¨
3 mm) are prepared by dry pressing of granulated powder
in a steel die at 80 MPa followed by heating the samples at
2000°C for 1h in argon atmosphere by holding over Al2O3/C
XJUIXFJHIUSBUJP
QPXEFSCFEXJUIUIFIFMQPGHSBQIJUF
supports. Sintered specimens are evaluated with respect to
20 Pm 20 Pm 20 Pm
their density, microstructure and mechanical properties.
Fig. 1 SEM micrographs on polished surface of Al infiltrated SiC at different depth
SiC specimens consolidated at 20000C by holding over (a) 100 μm (b) 600 μm and (c) 1000 μm
Al2O3/C powder bed show 3.10 g/cm3 density (96.6% RD)
compared to the 2.31 g/cm2 (~ 72 % RD) in SiC with 6 wt.%
Y2O3 separately heat treated at 20000C. It is proposed that the
Al vapour as produced by the following reaction enhanced
the densification of Y2O3 containing SiC compacts.
67
Research and Technology Highlights
M Ilaiyaraja ilaiyaraja@arci.res.in
Material scientists are in continuous search for a then characterized for thermal and mechanical properties
suitable replacement of commonly used zircaloy based along with the coupons and the results are shown
OVDMFBS GVFMSPE DMBEEJOH UP BWPJE UIF TVEEFO CVJMU VQ in Table 1. It is evident from the table that the thermal
of accidental hydrogen gas in case hot steam coming conductivity values at different temperatures for 2.5%
into contact with overheated nuclear fuel rods. SiC CNF containing composites are higher than the values
and its composites are considered to be a promising of monolithic SiC and 5% CNF containing composites as
material for nuclear fuel cladding applications due to SFQPSUFEJOUIFMJUFSBUVSF'VSUIFSUIFUIFSNBMFYQBOTJPO
their low induced radioactivity & quick decay of activity, values along with other mechanical properties revel that
HPPE SFTJTUBODF UP IJHIFOFSHZ OFVUSPO JSSBEJBUJPO
2.5% CNF containing SiC tube can be a candidate material
FYDFMMFOU IJHIUFNQFSBUVSF NFDIBOJDBM
UIFSNBM BOE for nuclear application. However, further research is
corrosion resistance properties. Hence, a project has ongoing at CNOC to improve the properties of SiC tubes
been initiated at ARCI, to develop SiC composite based by incorporating various secondary phases like carbon
thin tubes for nuclear applications. SiC based composite nano tube (CNTs), silicon carbide fibre (SiCf ) etc., in SiC
powders with different percentage of carbon nano fibers NBUSJY
$/'
XFSF QSPEVDFE %JTQFSTJPO PG GJCSFT JO 4J$ NBUSJY
was a challenging task which was accomplished by Table 1 Properties of SiC - 2.5 % CNF composite
surface treatment of fibres with suitable surfactant in a
high energy ultra probe sonicator. Dispersed SiC/CNF Properties Monolithic SiC SiC/CNF Composite
Fig.1 Freeze granules of SiC/CNF composite Fig. 2 Sintered SiC - 2.5 % CNF composite thin tubes for nuclear applications
68
Centre for Carbon Materials
T he Centre for Carbon Materials (CCM) mainly focuses on bulk production of worm-like exfoliated graphite for developing
various valued added products such as seals, flexible graphite sheets, specialized reinforced seals and reinforced automobile
gasket sheets and bi-polar plates for fuel cell applications using the exfoliated graphite.
The Centre is also working on the development of carbon nanotubes especially for the precise controlled growth of aligned
carbon nanotube forest for field emission applications. Other target aplications cover defence, aerospace, electronics and
structural applications. Scalable preparation of graphene nano platelets, which can be used as additive in nano lubrication,
supercapacitors, batteries and structural composites, nano carbon-enabled hybrids for supercapacitor, metal-ion batteries and
gas sensing applications is also being pursued by the Centre. Scalable synthetic approaches to produce graphene in large quantity
are in progress keeping its wide range of applications in lubricating storage devices, catalysts etc.
A few initiatives that were taken by the Centre during the year are development of carbon based nanoelectrode for metal-ion
batteries and nano lubrication using graphene as additive in oil.
Vertically Aligned Carbon nanotubes and CNT based electrodes for supercapacitor
Carbon sphere-nickel rich cobaltite nano-composite electrode materials for supercapacitor applications
69
Research and Technology Highlights
P K Jain pkjain@arci.res.in
%VF UP GSJDUJPOT BEWFSTF FòFDU PO FóDJFODZ BOE XFBS friction (COF) also saw a drastic fall from 0.44 to ~0.088 in
related mechanical failures, the search for novel material DBTFTPGQVSFCBTFPJMBOEOBOPMVCSJDBOU5IFMPXFTUWBMVF
XJUI FYDFQUJPOBM USJCPMPHJDBM QSPQFSUJFT HBJOFE JODSFBTFE of COF is noticed when the FLG concentration is 1000
attention. The most evident loss is due to friction. The ppm, about 60 % less as compared to base oil. The wear
TFBSDI GPS CFUUFS MVCSJDBOUT CPUI JO UFSNT PG FóDJFODZ characteristics of the nanolubricant are shown in figure 3.
and environmental aspects has led to testing of various
materials as lubricant additives. Metal composites of Depending on various parameters like sliding speed/
various combinations seemed a good alternative but the rotational speed and other operating conditions, the
desire for better material kept the search going on. Though lubricant can effectively separate the contacting surfaces
nano additives of various metals were reported to give BOE
UIFSFCZ
SFEVDFUIFEJSFDUNFUBMUPNFUBMDPOUBDUBOE
positive results, carbon nano materials are being constantly thus wear and friction. The FLG additive forms a protective
FYQMPSFE GPS UIFJS JOIFSFOU NFDIBOJDBM BOE UIFSNBM lubrication film to provide additional safety. The small
QSPQFSUJFT (SBQIJUF EVF UP JUT TFMGMVCSJDBUJOH QSPQFSUZ amount of FLG contributes to reasonably low friction and
attracted a lot of interest for such array of applications. wear.
Separation of graphene from graphite led to new horizon
in field of lubrication and tribology too. (a) (b)
70
Research and Technology Highlights
Fig. 1 Sensitivity measurement set-up Fig. 2 Sensitivity characteristics Fig. 3 I-V characteristics of chemiresistor
71
Centre for Sol-gel Coatings
C entre for Sol-Gel Coatings has been working with industrial partners for commercialization of the sol-based nanocomposite
coatings for a wide variety of applications on different substrates. The most distinct advantage when used on metals/alloys is
that a direct-to-metal coating is possible thus obviating the need for use of any primers or adhesion promoters. This aspect has been
the driving force to focus on development of functional coatings on metals/alloys, especially for corrosion protection and decoration.
The Centre focussed on the following applications during the past year:
1. Chrome-free, self-healing, corrosion protection coatings on aluminum and its alloys for automotive applications
2. Hard coatings on plastics
3. Ultra hydrophobic coatings on stainless steel through a combination of shot-peening, laser texturing and sol-gel coatings cured
by LED radiation
4. Eco-friendly, halogen-free flame retardant coatings on textiles
The development on hexavalent chrome-free, self-healing coatings on aluminum and magnesium alloys using organic/inorganic
encapsulation materials like polymeric microcapsules, and layered materials for containing the corrosion inhibitor is ongoing.
Halloysite clay nanotubes are seen to be promising for use as nanocontainers to encapsulate corrosion inhibitors to generate self-
healing materials. Such self-healing materials may be used in conjunction with hybrid sol-gel matrices or with paints, to improve their
corrosion protection property and provide prolonged corrosion protection. Further work is underway to demonstrate the scale-up
feasibility of such coatings.
Protective scratch resistant coatings on transparent plastics, which have been developed are planned to be demonstrated on
components such as retroreflective road marker lenses for increasing their life during service (civilian sector).
Durable ultra hydrophobic surfaces could be generated using a combination of laser texturing and sol-gel coatings, which could be
used as antibacterial surfaces for biomedical applications. Antibacterial tests and weathering resistance were investigated on a larger
batch of samples and were found to be promising. Further investigations are underway to improve the mechanical and antibacterial
properties of such surfaces by introducing ecofriendly antibacterial agents.
New initiatives were taken to investigate the applicability of LED initiated curing of hybrid nanocomposite coatings. LED initiated
curing saves time and is environment friendly when compared to the curing initiated using UV radiation generated from mercury
lamps. Preliminary results have been quite promising.
With respect to in-house developed flame retardant coating formulation, batch consistency is currently being evaluated. Formulation
has also been sent to user for application onto fabrics and flame testing.
Polymeric microcapsules for capping the ends of inhibitor loaded clay nanotubes to form self healing material
R Subasri Roy Johnson
subasri@arci.res.in royjohnson@arci.res.in
72
Research and Technology Highlights
R Subasri subasri@arci.res.in
73
Research and Technology Highlights
K Murugan murugan@arci.res.in
4PMHFM UFDIOJRVF IBT CFFO SFDPHOJ[FE BT B DPTUFòFDUJWF cylinder rheometer. The shear rate was measured in the range
method for the fabrication of optical thin films coatings in between 900 s−1 and 1100 s−1 at ambient (app 28.8 ± 0.1qC)
comparison to other physical and chemical vapor deposition UFNQFSBUVSF 5IF WJTDPTJUZ BOE UIF DPOTJTUFODZ JOEFY XFSF
UFDIOJRVFT 5IF TPMHFM UFDIOJRVF IBT TFWFSBM BEWBOUBHFT estimated using the well accepted power law fitting. In order
such as, the wide possibility of engineering the film properties, to understand the constancy in the functional properties the,
SFMBUJWFMZTJNQMFDPBUJOHQSPDFTT
MBSHFBSFBDPBUJOHT
BOEMPX DPBUJOH UIJDLOFTT
SFGSBDUJWF JOEFY BOE PQUJDBM USBOTNJUUBODF
equipment costs. However, the stability and shelf life of the sol is XFSF TUVEJFE VTJOH FMMJQTPNFUFS BOE 67 WJTJCMF BCTPSQUJPO
POFPGUIFNBKPSMJNJUBUJPOBTTPDJBUFEXJUIUIFTPMHFMQSPDFTT spectrophotometer. Fig. 1 shows the flow behavior of SiO2 sol
This necessitates the consumption of synthesized solutions EBZPOFBOEBGUFSBHJOHGPSEBZT5IFDPFóDJFOUPGWJTDPTJUZ
within the shelf life to obtain specific functional properties for of the fresh sol has been estimated as 3.3 cP, which upon aging
the application following optimized processing parameters. the sol viscosity has come down to 3.0 cP. However, consistency
Otherwise, the solutions containing precursors need to be JOEFYJODSFBTFEGSPNUPJOEJDBUJOHUIFTIFBSUIJDLFOJOH
discarded or subjected to cumbersome recycling processes. CFIBWJPS"OJODSFBTFJOUIFDPOTJTUFODZJOEFYJTBOJOEJDBUJPO
Several attempts are in progress to address this major concern of the increases in the packing fraction of the particles. To
JOUIFCVMLQSPEVDUJPOBOETUPSBHFPGNBKPSJUZPGNFUBMPYJEF understand the consistency in the functional properties of
BTXFMMBTPSHBOJDJOPSHBOJDIZCSJETPMTZOUIFTJTGPSGVODUJPOBM the SiO2 thin film, the peak and average transmittance of the
coatings. DPBUFE CPSPTJMJDBUF HMBTT IBT CFFO TVCKFDUFE UP 67WJTJCMF
USBOTNJUUBODFTUVEJFT'JHTIPXTUIF67WJTJCMFUSBOTNJUUBODF
Stability and hence the durability issues of the synthesized TQFDUSVN PG UIF UIJO öMN QSFQBSFE VTJOH OFX BOE ZFBSPME
sol arise mainly due to the chemical interaction between the sol under identical processing conditions such as withdrawal
formulations and due to solvent evaporation over a period. speed and firing temperature (4 mm/s and 450oC). It has been
)ZESPMZTJT BOE QPMZDPOEFOTBUJPO BSF UIF CBTJD SFBDUJPOT observed that the transmission values are very close with a
responsible for the loss of stability. These reactions will be marginal increase of average transmittance 0.4% in the case
initiated and will progress after the precursor raw materials sol after 321 days. The coating thickness and percentage of
BSFNJYFE5IFQPMZDPOEFOTBUJPOSFBDUJPODPOUJOVFTVOUJMUIF porosity are estimated using ellipsometer data analysis. The
sol became gel. These reactions manifest with the increase in physical and optical properties of the sols and the thin film are
the viscosity, concentration and stability of solution. It is very summarized in the Table 1.
EJóDVMUUPHFUEFTJSFEPQUJDBMPSGVODUJPOBMQSPQFSUJFTXJUITVDI
an active system. Therefore, the stability of solution is important
and must be constant for a significant period. Currently, the Table 1 Coating thickness and percentage of porosity estimated
above reaction kinetics and solvent evaporation can have been Aging Viscosity Consistency R2 Thickness Porosity Avg. T
minimized by storing the sol under low temperature. time in (cp) index (nm) (%) (%)
(Days)
/POIZESPMZUJD4J02 precursor solution was prepared by using 1 3.3 1.5 0.9728 130.2 15.2 96.4
PQUJNJ[FE SBUJP PG PSHBOPTJMBOF QSFDVSTPST 5IF TZOUIFTJ[FE
321 3.0 1.8 0.9775 135.9 15.9 96.8
sol was subjected to rheological studies using rotating
Fig. 1 Flow behavior of SiO2 sol Fig. 2 UV visible transmittance spectrum of the thin film
74
Research and Technology Highlights
Aluminum and its alloys are most widely used due to hardness of 0.138 GPa and an enhancement till 0.348
their low density, good machinability, formability and GPa when heat treated at a higher temperature. Average
amenability to heat treat for high strength. But Aluminum modulus followed the same trend. These results were
alloys are prone to corrosion and hence require protection further substantiated by the scratch test results where
against aggressive environments. Anodizing and chrome onset of fracture strength details is presented in Table
conversion coatings are some of the commonly used 1. The coated specimens cured at higher temperature
methods for imparting corrosion resistance to the FYIJCJUFEFOIBODFETDSBUDISFTJTUBODFBTDPNQBSFEUPUIF
substrate, while thermal spray coatings and paints are samples cured at lower temperatures.
some of the most promising barrier coatings that are
BMTP SPVUJOFMZ VTFE GPS UIJT QVSQPTF )FYBWBMFOU DISPNF Two numbers each of the coated samples cured at different
DPOWFSTJPODPBUJOHJTDBSDJOPHFOJDUIFSNBMTQSBZDPBUJOHT heat treatment conditions along with uncoated substrate
are suitable for wear parts and organic paints are prone to were subjected to salt fog test as per ASTM B117. Fig.1
TDSBUDIFTBOEBCSBTJPO4PMHFMOBOPDPNQPTJUFDPBUJOHJT TIPXT UIF DPOEJUJPO PG VODPBUFE BOE TPMHFM DPBUFE
one of the promising alternative coating techniques that TQFDJNFOT BGUFS IST BOE IST FYQPTVSF UP TBMU
has the advantages of being eco friendly, low temperature GPH "MM DPBUFE TQFDJNFOT FYIJCJUFE TVQFSJPS DPSSPTJPO
curable, scratch resistant and improve adhesion of primers resistance when compared to bare 2024 substrates after
when applied prior to painting. UFTUJOH GPS IST
JOEJDBUJOH UIF FYDFMMFOU CBSSJFS FòFDU
of the coating. Coatings that were cured at 200oC show
(FOFSBMMZ
TPMHFM DPBUJOHT BDU BT CBSSJFS MBZFST UP JNQBSU considerable increase in corrosion protection when
corrosion resistance but their hardness and degree of compared to the substrates cured at 80oC and 150oC. The
protection vary depending on the process parameters FYQPTVSFUJNFXBTGVSUIFSJODSFBTFEUPISTGPSXIJDI
such as curing temperature, atmosphere and soaking a similar trend was observed. It could be concluded that a
time etc. An acid catalyzed nano composite hybrid sol was higher curing temperature enhanced the performance of
TZOUIFTJ[FEVTJOHBNFUBMBMLPYJEFQSFDVSTPSBOEBTFUPG OBOP DPNQPTJUF TPMHFM DPBUJOHT XJUI SFTQFDU UP JOUSJOTJD
organically modified silane precursors for the present work. hardness and corrosion resistance.
w UIJDL wY w TJ[F 5 BMMVNJOJVN BMMPZ TVCTUSBUFT Table 1 Nano hardness and scratch results showing
cleaned with acetone were used as substrate for application onset of fracture strength details
of coatings. All samples were coated with a uniform wet
film thickness of 6.5 Pm using a manual spray coating Property HT@80C HT@150C HT@200C
method and cured at 80, 150 and 200oC for 1hr in an air
Average hardness, GPa 0.138±0.007 0.189±0.006 0.348±0.018
circulating oven for assessing the optimum heat treatment
conditions. Average modulus, GPa 2.60±0.06 3.12±0.05 5.2±0.15
Results presented in Table 1 indicate the hardness of Scratch load, mN 45±3.6 52±2.5 63±1.8
UIF OBOP DPNQPTJUF TPMHFM DPBUJOH NFBTVSFE CZ OBOP Nano hardness of uncoated Al2024T4: 2.2 GPa and modulus: 92.86 GPa
indentation technique. We observed a minimum average
(a) (b)
Fig.1 Condition of bare and coated samples cured at 80, 150 and 200oC respectively after (a) 168 hr and (b) 400 hr of salt spray testing in 1st and 2nd rows respectively
75
Research and Technology Highlights
$PBUJOHUIJDLOFTTFTXFSFGPVOEUPCFPGUIFPSEFSPGPm
as shown in Fig. 1. The absorbance spectra of single and double
layered coatings are shown in Fig. 2. The triply split peaks in
the visible wavelength range were observed, that correspond
to the cobalt ion in the tetrahedral coordination with silica. Fig. 2. Visible spectrum of single and double layered colored coatings.
Absorbance was found to increase with the number of layers,
XIJDI JT FYQFDUFE
TJODF UIFSF BSF NPSF DPMPS QSPEVDJOH
species, i.e. Co2+ in the double layered coating.
Contributor: R Subasri
76
Centre for Materials Characterization and Testing
T he Centre for Materials Characterization and Testing (CMCT) retains its mandate to
t QSPWJEFTUBUFPGUIFBSUDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOGBDJMJUJFTGPSNBUFSJBMTDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOUPTVQQPSU"3$*TBDUJWJUJFTJOUFDIOPMPHZ
development and transfer
t DBSSZPVUCBTJDSFTFBSDIJOBSFBTPGSFMFWBODFUP"3$*
The core strengths of the Centre are in carrying out comprehensive and hierarchical structure-property studies, and the capability
to address microstructural issues from atomic length scales to bulk. The scientific staff members of the Centre have international
exposure and have been working to incorporate the best practices and the latest developments in materials characterization into
their work.
In recent years, the focus in materials design and development has been shifting towards utilization of the concepts from
nanotechnology. Bulk materials with enhanced properties such as strength often have nanomaterials and/or nanostructures
incorporated into them, which cause the improvement in the properties. The study of these is a challenge and the Centre is evolving
to meet the same. To this end, a new field emission scanning electron microscope with a resolution of 0.6 nm is being procured. This
instrument has an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) unit and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) facility as attachments,
using which microstructural and elemental information can be collected simultaneously. Further, with the existing transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and the small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) units, sub-nanometer feature sizes can be studied. In addition
to using the facilities available in the Centre, members have also carried out experiments at the synchrotron facility in Japan to
solve challenging scientific problems. The images below show in-situ x-ray diffraction data at a relative humidity of 80% and a
temperature of 85°C for different durations of exposure, collected at the synchrotron facility in Japan. Data analysis techniques are
also being developed as needed, thus making the Centre geared up well to characterize advanced materials of the next generation.
Four write-ups from the Centre are included in this Report. One of these deals with the phase stability of organometal halides as
studied in-situ as a function of temperature in the SAXS unit, while the synthesis of CoCrFeNi based multi-component alloy is the
subject matter of another. Results from studies on the erosion behaviour at room temperature and 600°C on nickel matrix and
chromium carbide are presented, as also the electrochemical behaviour of cold sprayed Ni-B4C composite coatings in salt water. It
is hoped that these reports provide a flavour of the current research activities at the Centre.
In-situ x-ray diffraction data on MAPbI3 films as a function of time at the synchrotron facility in Japan. The relative humidity was 80% and the temperature was kept constant at 85°C.
The experiments were conducted to study the stability of the films.
77
Research and Technology Highlights
K Suresh sureshkopppoju@arci.res.in
Organometal Halide Perovskites (OMHP) have received 5IJT UFNQFSBUVSFEFQFOEBOU JOTJUV 93% JOWFTUJHBUJPO
DPOTJEFSBCMF BUUFOUJPO EVF UP UIFJS FYDFMMFOU MJHIU provides a critical understanding of ambient synthesized
BCTPSQUJPO DPFGGJDJFOU
UVOFBCMF CBOE HBQ
BOE MPX 0.)1T
BTEFUBJMFECFMPX J
DSZTUBMTUSVDUVSF UFUSBHPOBM
UFNQFSBUVSF QSPDFTTBCJMJUZ )JHI QPXFSDPOWFSTJPO is same as the material synthesised under controlled
FGGJDJFODJFT
PCUBJOFEJOTUBUFPGUIFBSUQFSPWTLJUF dry atmosphere (ii) the material is single phase (iii) it
solar cells (PSCs) have enhanced their commercial undergoes a reversible phase transformation at 60oC from
prospects. OMHP materials are usually synthesised in a tetragonal to cubic and (iv) there is improved thermal
controlled dry atmosphere since the material is sensitive stability under protective atmosphere.
UP BNCJFOU NPJTUVSF BOE PYZHFO )FSFJO
XF IBWF
BUUFNQUFEUPTZOUIFTJ[F0.)1JOBMMBNCJFOUDPOEJUJPOT
and have evaluated their photovoltaic performance.
" NBYJNVN QPXFS DPOWFSTJPO FGGJDJFODZ PG BOE
good operational stability were demonstrated. Such
impressive performance raises the question whether
UIF QIBTF PG BMMBNCJFOU TZOUIFTJTFE 0.)1 JT TJNJMBS
to that of dry atmosphere synthesised OMHP. Standard
OMHP undergoes a structural transition from the room
temperature tetragonal phase to the high temperature
cubic phase at 60o$5IFSFGPSF
XFIBWFDPOEVDUFEJOTJUV
9SBZEJGGSBDUJPO 93%
TUVEJFTPOBMMBNCJFOUTZOUIFTJ[FE
OMHP to evaluate their crystalline phase and structural Fig. 1 Mo-SAXS beamline set-up for in-situ XRD measurements
stability.
(a)
0.)1GJMNTXFSFEFQPTJUFEPOHMBTTTVCTUSBUFTCZBUXP
step sequential deposition method. The glass substrate
coated with thin a layer of PbI2 GJMN XBT FYQPTFE UP
methylammonium (MAI) solution. OMHP powder was
collected by scratching the film and laminated with
,BQUPOUBQFUPBWPJEBOZFYQPTVSFUPNPJTUVSF*OTJUV93%
NFBTVSFNFOUTXFSFDBSSJFEVTJOHUIF.P4"94CFBNMJOF
at ARCI which is equipped with a large area 2D detector
BOEUFNQFSBUVSFDFMM UPoC). Measurements were
carried out from RT to 90oC and back to RT in intervals of
10oC with dwell time of 20 minutes.
Contributor: R Easwaramoorthi
78
Research and Technology Highlights
M Ramakrishna ramakrishna@arci.res.in
Alloy design in Metallurgical research until very recently that after SPS, a minor second phase has precipitated.
involved developing alloys with one element as major The microstructure of alloy is shown in Figs. 1F, G and H.
component, keeping in view the basic physical response 'SPN UIF 4&. #4& JNBHF JU DBO CF PCTFSWFE UIBU UIFSF
of that component to deformation, temperature and is chemical segregation resulting in two distinct regions
BMTPJUTDIFNJDBMJOUFSBDUJPOXJUIPUIFSFMFNFOUT.VMUJ BOE&%4BOBMZTJTSFWFBMFEUIFEBSLFSSFHJPOUPCF/JSJDI
DPNQPOFOUBMMPZTXJUIBUPNJDDPODFOUSBUJPOTFYDFFEJOH and the brighter one to be Cr rich.
5 at % and also number of components being five and
higher when synthesized are usually termed as High Alloy with same composition was also prepared using
FOUSPQZ "MMPZT )&"T
EVF UP UIFJS IJHI DPOGJHVSBUJPOBM vacuum arc melting and XRD pattern as well as the
entropy. Most of these alloys form either as a single 5&. JNBHF PG UIF TBNF DBO CF TFFO JO 'JHT" BOE &
QIBTFCBTFEPO'$$
#$$BOE)$1
PSUIFJSNJYUVSFXJUI respectively. Results from both the techniques confirm
the absence of any intermetallic phases. These alloys that it is the FCC phase and the lattice parameter as
are thought to possess some special properties such as determined from XRD is 3.5679 Å.
sluggish diffusion and severe lattice distortion, which
make them eligible candidates for high temperature Further work has to be carried out to understand the
applications such as bond coats for thermal barrier UIFSNBMTUBCJMJUZPGUIJTBMMPZQSFQBSFEWJBCPUIUIFBCPWF
DPBUJOHT 5IFSF BSF TPNF QSPNJOFOU )&"T XIJDI UFOE mentioned routes and also to alter the microstructure
to from as single phase with FCC or BCC structure. It is to have a second phase either by dispersion or by
FOWJTJPOFEUPTZOUIFTJ[FTVDI)&"T
XIJDIDBOCFVTFE precipitation to improve its mechanical behavior.
as a base (like Fe in steels) for further design of alloys
with superior performance.
79
Research and Technology Highlights
A Jyothirmayi ajyothi@arci.res.in
BU CBS BOE ¡$ VTJOH BO JOIPVTF DPME TQSBZ GBDJMJUZ Ni- Ni coated B4C-24hrs-HT 484 3.82 1.62 2190
*O HFOFSBM
UIF BTTQSBZFE DPBUJOHT BSF TVCKFDUFE UP B (a)
CSJFGQPTUIFBUUSFBUNFOUTJODFUIFDPBUJOHTJOBTTQSBZFE
DPOEJUJPOBSFGSBHJMFEVFUPJOTVóDJFOUJOUFSTQMBUCPOEJOH
" 4FU PG /J/J #4C) samples was vacuum heat treated at
600°C for two hours.
80
Research and Technology Highlights
L Venkatesh venkatesh@arci.res.in
/JDLFM NBUSJY QMVT DISPNJVN DBSCJEF DPNQPTJUF DPBUJOHT to have weak splat bonding. Hence, laser clad coatings with
IBWF HPPE IBSEOFTT BOE FYDFMMFOU PYJEBUJPO SFTJTUBODF VQ a microstructure free of such defects may be considered
to 900°C. Consequently, these coatings have been applied suitable for high temperature erosion applications.
PWFS B XJEF SBOHF PG JOEVTUSJBM DPNQPOFOUT FYQPTFE UP
TJNVMUBOFPVTBDUJPOPGFSPTJPOBOEPYJEBUJPO5IFTFDPBUJOHT (a)
are usually applied by a variety of thermal spay processes or
by laser cladding and a common method of ranking their
performance is by solid particle erosion testing. Though
evaluation of room temperature erosion performance of
such coatings is common, studies focusing on their high
temperature performance have been limited.
81
Research and Technology Highlights
Contributor: G Padmanabham
82
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation
83
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation
#BTFE PO UIF QFSDFJWFE NBSLFU TJ[F PG QSPEVDUTTFSWJDFT CBTFE PO "3$* UFDIOPMPHJFT
"3$* IBT BEPQUFE FYDMVTJWF BOE
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"3$* IBT TVDDFTTGVMMZ
transferred 15 technologies to 27 receivers and few technologies are under transfer. The following table depicts the
UFDIOPMPHJFTUSBOTGFSSFE
10. Ceramic crucibles Carbon and Sulphur analysis Transferred on exclusive basis
Energy efficient air heaters from ceramic
11. Industrial heating Transferred on exclusive basis
honeycombs
Wear and corrosion resistant coating for Transferred to 4 companies on region-
12-15 Detonation Spray Coating (DSC)
various components exclusive basis
16. Reinforced graphite sheets and seals Automotive sector Transferred on exclusive basis
Waste heat recovery systems, solar energy
17. Heat pipes heat sinks Transferred on exclusive basis
applications, power electronics
18. Evaporation boats Metallization Transferred on exclusive basis
19. Ceramic honeycomb molten metal filters Molten metal filtration Transferred on exclusive basis
20. Calcium aluminate cements and furnace sealants Refractory castables Transferred on exclusive basis
Hard (1800 VHN) wear resistant coatings on Transferred to 3 companies on region-
21-23. Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO)
aluminum and titanium alloys exclusive basis
24. ESC equipment manufacturing Diverse segments Transferred on non-exclusive basis
Nanosilver impregnated ceramic water filter
25. Water purification Transferred on non-exclusive basis
candles to impart anti-bacterial function
Nano silver based textile finishes for anti-bacterial
26. Anti-bacterial applications Transferred on exclusive basis
applications
Nanotitaniumdioxide based textile finishes for self
27. Self-cleaning applications Transferred on exclusive basis
cleaning applications
28. Decorative coatings on glass substrates Aesthetic applications Ongoing
84
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation
85
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation
12. PEM Fuel cell Powered Materials Handling Key Features: Possible Applications:
Devices - Air cooled/ closed loop liquid cooled PEMFC stacks t "QQMJDBUJPOJONBUFSJBMIBOEMJOHEFWJDFTMJLF
to be developed. Forklifts
- PEMFC stacks with reduced weight and volume t "QQMJDBUJPOJOSFDSFBUJPOBMWFIJDMFTMJLF(P
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level
would be developed Karts, Golf- Carts etc.
- Control system development for the battery fuel t 1PXFSTPVSDFGPSBMMNPCJMFBQQMJDBUJPOT
cell hybrid system. t 1PXFSTPVSDFGPSBVYJMJBSZVOJUTJONPCJMF
- PEMFC stack would operate optimum efficiency at applications.
variable operating loads.
13. PEM Fuel Cell based Power Supply Systems Key Features: Possible Applications:
- Developed Grid Independent fuel cell systems in the t "TEFDFOUSBMJTFEQPXFSQBDLGPSIPNFT
range of 1-20kW power. industries etc.
t "TDPNCJOFEIFBUBOEQPXFSVOJUTGPSIPNFT
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level - PEM Fuel cells developed have been continuously
operated for 500 hrs and intermittently for several t "TVOJOUFSSVQUFEQPXFSTPVSDFFWFOXIFO
thousand hours with stable performance. the power outage is for long duration ( >8hrs)
- Suitable control systems for load following cycle, t "TCBDLVQQPXFSGPSUFMFDPNJOEVTUSJFT
cell monitoring characteristics, power conditioners
and thermal management have been developed.
14. Sintered Silicon Carbide (SiC) Components Key Features: Possible Applications:
- Tuneable density and other thermo-mechanical t .FDIBOJDBMTFBMTQBSUJDVMBSMZGPSDPSSPTJWF
properties. environment.
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level - Flexibility in producing SiC parts incorporating t *NQBDUBOEBCSBTJPOSFTJTUBODFQBSUT
solid-state or liquid phase sintering additives. t -JHIUXFJHIUTUSVDUVSBMQBSUTGPSBFSPTQBDF
- Capable to produce SiC components up to 750 mm applications.
diameter. t *NQBDUBOEXFBSSFTJTUBOUQBSUT
- SiC parts with critical can be manufactured.
15. High Temperature Stable Solar Absorber Tubes Key Features: Possible Applications:
for Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CSP) - Cost effective t 4USFBNHFOFSBUJPOGPSWBSJPVTJOEVTUSJBM
Application - High optical properties (solar absorptance: 95-96 % applications
and thermal emittance: <0.20 (at 500°C) t 1PXFSHFOFSBUJPO
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at coupon level - Temperature of operation: <500°C t 4PMBSXBUFSIFBUFS4PMBSESZFS
- Good mechanical and weather stability t 4PMBSEFTBMJOBUJPO
86
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation
16. Medium & Low Temperature Stable Solar Key Features: Possible Applications:
Absorber Tubes for Solar Thermal Applications - High selective properties (Solar Abs ~95%; Spectral t 4PMBSXBUFSIFBUFS4PMBSESZFS
emittance ~0.12) t 4PMBSEFTBMJOBUJPO
IPDI :Checking repeatability / consistency at coupon level - Low heat loss property: ~0.14 at 3000C t 4USFBNHFOFSBUJPOGPSWBSJPVTJOEVTUSJBM
- Temperature stability: < 3000C applications
- Corrosion stability: > 200 hrs withstand in salt t 03$TPMBSDPMMFDUPSCBTFEQPXFSHFOFSBUJPO
spray test
- High mechanical stability, Long durability and
highly enhanced weather protection
17. High Performance Broad Band Antireflective Key Features: Possible Applications:
Coatings for Optical, Solar and Display - High transmittances in visible and solar regions: t 4PMBS17$41DPWFSHMBTT
Applications >98 % (in visible) >96% (in solar) t 0QUJDBMMFOTFT
- Low temperature curable (80-1000C) t 7JEFPEJTQMBZQBOFMT
- High temperature stability: Max up to 10000C t "SDIJUFDUVSBMHMBTTFT
IIPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing - Weather stability: > 200hrs withstand in high t )JHIQPXFSMBTFST
humidity (>90%) at 500C
- High mechanical stability and Long durability
- Coat effective coating technique
18. Easy to Clean Coatings along with High Key Features: Possible Applications:
Optical Transmittance and High Weather - Low cost production t 17QBOFMT3FøFDUPSTFNQMPZFEJO$41
Stability - Optical property: <1% Transmission or reflection t 0QUJDBMMFOTFT
loss or equal to the actual optical property of the t 7JEFPEJTQMBZQBOFMT
substrate. t "SDIJUFDUVSBMHMBTTFT
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at coupon level - Super hydrophobic property: > 1000 water contact t 5FYUJMFT
angle t 1MBTUJDDPODSFUFTVSGBDFT
- Good UV, weather and mechanical stability
22. Solar Selective Coatings for Stainless Steel Key Features: Possible Applications:
and Aluminium Substrates - 94 ± 1 % absorbance in 300-1500 nm range t 4PMBSTFMFDUJWFDPBUJOHTPOBCTPSCFSUVCFT
- 14 ± 1 % Thermal IR emittance of Concentrated Solar Power plant (Non-
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level - Withstood 20 cycles of thermal cycling at 350oC evacuated up to 250 deg C and evacuated up
- Withstood 80 h of salt spray test as per ASTM B117 to 400 deg C)
- Non-toxic and environmental friendly t 4PMBSTFMFDUJWFDPBUJOHTPONFUBMUVCFTGPS
water heating applications (up to 100 deg C)
87
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation
24. High Performance Varistors made from Doped Key Features: Possible Applications:
ZnO Nanopowders - Patented technology t 1PXFSFOHJOFFSJOH
- Lower sintering temperature and time compared t "VUPNPCJMFJOEVTUSZ
IPDI :Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level to micron powders t )PVTFIPMEFMFDUSPOJDT
- Order of magnitude higher breakdown field, 2-3 t 5FMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOT
times coefficient of nonlinearity and comparable
leakage current density
26. Fe- based Cerametallic Friction Pads for Clutch Key Features: Possible Applications:
Plates of Heavy Vehicles - Use of non carcinogenic materials t $MVUDIBOECSBLFTPGIFBWZDPNNFSDJBM
- Improved wear and coefficient of friction vehicles
IPDI : Reassessing feasibility (IP, competition, technology, - Fe-based sintered pad t "JSDSBGUCSBLFT
- Flexibility of single or dual sintered friction pads t 1BTTFOHFSWFIJDMFTMJLFCVTFT
commercial) after completing field tests
- Indigenous equipment for processing t 8JOENJMMBQQMJDBUJPOT
- Reduced post sintering operations t 3BJMXBZT
- Production level manufacturing process t .JMJUBSZUBOLT
27. Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steels for High Key Features: Possible Applications:
Temperature Applications - High operating temperature of 650-700oC t #MBEFTGPSVMUSBTVQFSDSJUJDBMTUFBNUVSCJOFT
- High yield strength and creep resistance t )JHIQSFTTVSFDPNQSFTTPSBOEMPXQSFTTVSF
IPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing - Potential candidates to replace nickel based super turbine blades of gas turbines
alloys t $MBEUVCFTGPSOVDMFBSSFBDUPST
- Resistance to swelling under irradiation t 4USVDUVSBMNBUFSJBMTGPSGVTJPOSFBDUPST
- Established manufacturing processes t 0UIFSIJHIUFNQFSBUVSFBQQMJDBUJPOT
28. Large Scale Production of Cathode and Anode Key Features: Possible Applications:
Electrode Materials by Cost-effective Process - Large scale production of both anode and cathode t )JHIFOFSHZEFOTJUZDBUIPEFGPSFMFDUSJD
materials. vehicles
IPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing - Simple, economic and scalable processing method. t )JHIFOFSHZEFOTJUZBOEUIFSNBMMZTUBCMF
- Performance of these materials as LIB electrodes anode for electric vehicles
are better than the commercial ones t 0UIFSQPSUBCMFEFWJDFTXIFSF-*#TBSFVTFE
29. Multifunctional Titania (TiO2) Microspheres for Key Features: Possible Applications:
Self Cleaning Applications - Titania microspheres suspension in water at t 4FMGDMFBOJOHUFYUJMFT
neutral pH t "JSQVSJöDBUJPO
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level - Efficient photocatalyst t 8BUFSQVSJöDBUJPO
- Anti-bacterial t 0SHBOJDFõVFOUUSFBUNFOU
- UV absorber t "EEJUJWFUPFYUFSJPSCVJMEJOHQBJOUGPSTFMG
- Visible light reflector cleaning walls
- Simple and scalable chemical synthesis
- Novel process for which patent is applied
88
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation
31. Laser Welding and Laser-MIG Hybrid Welding Key Features: Possible Applications:
- High power density t 5BJMPSXFMEFECMBOLTGPSBVUPNPUJWF
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level - Single pass welding of thick applications etc.
- sections t $BOXFMEBXJEFWBSJFUZPGNBUFSJBMTBOE
- Controlled heat input welding thicknesses
- with precision t $BOXFMENBHOFUJDNBUFSJBMTVOMJLFFMFDUSPO
- No vacuum requirement beam welding
t 4UFFMQMBUFT
UIJDLTFDUJPOXFMET
TIJQCVJMEJOH
etc.
33. Laser Surface Coating (Alloying and Cladding) Key Features: Possible Applications:
- Material to be coated is fused using a laser t 8FBSQMBUFTGPSEJòFSFOUBQQMJDBUJPOT
IPDI : Reassessing feasibility (IP, competition, technology, beam and deposited on a substrate with good t $PNQPOFOUSFQBJSBOESFGVSCJTINFOU
commercial) after completing field tests metallurgical bonding but with minimal base
metal dilution
- Low heat input resulting in fine microstructures
- Provides crack-free clad layers without porosity
36. Exfoliated Graphite and its value added Key Features: Possible Applications:
products - Impermeable to fluids t 'VFM$FMMT
- Leak proof sealing under low turning torque t "VUPNPUJWF
IPDI : Technology transferred to one company and is - Easily cut and punched t 0JMSFöOFSJFT
- Can withstand temperature range from -200oC t 1FUSPDIFNJDBMJOEVTUSJFTFUD
available for transfer
to +500oC in oxidizing and up to 3000oC in inert
atmosphere
- Excellent thermal shock resistance. Does not age or
creep
- Cannot be wetted by molten glass, metal etc., self-
lubricating, and resistant to all chemicals
89
Support Groups
Support Groups
"MM TUBUFPGUIFBSU JOEVTUSJBM FRVJQNFOU FNQMPZ B t "MM CPPUJOH BOE BQQMJDBUJPO TPGUXBSF TVQQMJFE CZ UIF
combination of atleast two, if not more, different manufacturer was kept ready for reinstallation.
branches of technologies like computers, mechanical,
vacuum, hydraulic, pneumatic, refrigeration, etc. ARCI is t $POTVNFS EVSBCMFT MJLF IJHI WPMUBHF USBOTGPSNFS PJM
XFMMFRVJQQFEXJUITVDITZTUFNTTVDIBT&MFDUSPO#FBN 7BDVVNPJM
FUDXFSFLFQUSFBEZGPSSFQMFOJTINFOU
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4PMVUJPO
Precursor Plasma Spray Coating System, Detonation t "MMDPOUSPMDBSETXFSFLFQUTFDVSFMZMPDLFETPUIBUUIFZ
4QSBZ $PBUJOH 4ZTUFN
5IFSNBM $ZDMJOH 4ZTUFN
$"17% don’t get dislodged during transit
System etc., to name a few. Most of these imported
systems have been installed, commissioned and are in t "MMNVMUJDPSFJOUFSDPOOFDUJOHDBCMFTBOEUIFJSUFSNJOBM
operation for the past several years. These systems have sockets / plugs were safely removed, labeled and their
also undergone problems which have been addressed wiring data was kept ready for rewiring, keeping in
from time to time. mind the difference in floor plan in the new location.
However, when there was a need to shift the entire set t "GUFS UIF SFBTTFNCMZ
BMM UIF TVCTZTUFNT XFSF
of assemblies to a new location, an entirely different independently tested, tuned and configured to the
genre of problems had to be addressed. The aim of this FYUFOU QPTTJCMF CFGPSF JOUFHSBUJOH UIF XIPMF TFU PG
article is to showcase the difficulties, faced as in the assemblies by overcoming the problems encountered
DBTFPGUIF%4ZTUFN 'JH
5IFJOUFHSBUFE% during shifting.
FRVJQNFOU DPOTJTUT PG TFWFSBM TVCTZTUFNT MJLF B MBSHF
refrigerated water chiller, high vacuum pumps, four
high power electron guns, multiple motor drives, high
voltage power supplies, three zone vacuum chamber,
data acquisition system, touch screen display, etc. All
these systems are controlled and supervised by a central
PLC and computer. During regular use, the computer
not only receives operator driven commands but also
logs and stores important data in a volatile memory,
generally backed up by a battery. Such data not only
covers all the operating parameters but also contains
very useful parameters which are generated during
use and are required for auto tuning the motor drives,
defining the home, intermediate and end positions,
optimizing the supplies for the high voltage, filament
and beam scanning coils, actuation and position of the
vacuum valves, ingot translator mechanisms, etc. It is
these factors that require special attention in addition to Fig.1 Partial view of EBPVD before shifting
the large laborious effort required to carefully dismantle
FBDITVCTZTUFNBTTIPXOJO'JH
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the new location.
t "MMESZCBUUFSJFTXFSFDIFDLFEGPSUIFJSTUBUVTPGDIBSHF
and replaced whenever necessary.
Fig. 2 Sub-systems showing the complexity of EBPVD
91
Support Groups
" -BC 7*&8 QSPHSBN JT EFWFMPQFE UP EFUFDU NPUJPO PG
PCKFDUT JO UIF QSPYJNJUZ PG B TFOTPS 5IJT QSPHSBN QFSNJUT
UP BVUPNBUJDBMMZ TXJUDI UIF FYUFSOBM FRVJQNFOU PO BOE Pò
using relays. This is profitable for many applications where it
reduces the power consumed by power guzzlers such as air
conditioners, industrial fans, lights, etc., when there are no
VTFSTJOUIFPQFSBUJOHBSFB5IFTFOTPSVTFEJTB1BTTJWF*OGSB
red Motion Sensor (PIR). Another module that is also used in
the system is a Data Acquisition module (DAQ).
5IF 1*3
TIPXO JO 'JH
PQFSBUFT PO B 7 %$ TVQQMZ 5XP
potentiometers are provided in the sensor conditioning
circuit for adjusting the sensitivity and delay time. If there is
BNPWFNFOUJOUIFQSPYJNJUZPGUIFTFOTPSUIFOUIFPVUQVU
WPMUBHFJTBSPVOE7CVUJGUIFSFJTOPNPWFNFOUUIFOUIF
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Fig. 2 shows the front panel and block diagram of the Lab
7*&8 QSPHSBN BOE IBSEXBSF BTTFNCMZ PG %"2 NPEVMF
/* 64#
NPUJPO TFOTPS BOE -&%5IF %"2 JT VTFE GPS
acquiring and generating digital and analog signals. This
DAQ module consists of 8 analog inputs, 12 digital inputs and
outputs and 2 analog outputs. The output from the motion
sensor is taken as analog input to DAQ module. The digital
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depending on the sensor output. The DAQ sends an active
)*()PVUQVU 7
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state relays, of an appropriate power rating, can be connected
to control high power appliances, thereby reducing the power
consumption in response to the motion. Fig.1 PIR Sensor and driver
Motion
sensor
DAQ
92
Support Groups
"NJOJBUVSF%QMPUUFSIBTCFFOEFWFMPQFEJOIPVTFUPNPWF has still not been carried out. The motors and drivers that
B QFO IPMEFS BMPOH UIF 9 : BYFT 5IFSF JT BO BEEJUJPOBM XFSFVTFEGPSUIJTTZTUFNXFSFSFNPWFEGSPNEJTDBSEFE%7%
QSPWJTJPOUPDPOUSPMUIFWFSUJDBM;BYJTJF1FONPWFNFOUUPP systems that were available with us. This puts a restriction on
The plotter can be programmed to draw different types of UIFQMPUTJ[FUPKVTUYNN
öHVSFTMJLFUFYU
MPHPTFUD*UNBJOMZDPNQSJTFTPGUISFFNBJO
The system described above can be modified to make
QBSUToBOFMFDUSPOJDQBSUCBTFEPOBO"SEVJOPNJDSPDPOUSPMMFS
3D printer by incorporating an injector [3D pen] in to the
board, two small stepper motors with associated drives, and
;BYJT
BOE CZ NBLJOH BQQSPQSJBUFTPGUXBSF DIBOHFT JO UIF
a servo motor. Three of these are connected to a mechanical
Arduino program. It has no comparison with the commercially
platform that can move in two orthogonal directions. The
available sophisticated plotters and has been developed as
third motor is linked to a pen that moves it vertically above
BOJOIPVTFQSPUPUZQFNPEFMQSPKFDU
JOPSEFSUPVOEFSTUBOE
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"SEVJOP*%&
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the control mechanism behind 3D printing.
BOE1SPDFTTJOH 1%&
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93
Support Groups
This project for a grid connected rooftop solar 5000 sq.M. The buildings of Centre for Nanomaterials
QIPUPWPMUBJD 417
QMBOU
OPU POMZ BJNT UP SFEVDF UIF BOE $FOUSF GPS 4PM(FM $PBUJOHT UPHFUIFS DBO QSPWJEF
FYQFOEJUVSF PO FOFSHZ QVSDIBTF CVU BMTP JOUFOET UP sufficient shadow free roof area. Since the Centre
join the National Action Plan on Climate Change by for Nanomaterials building is 20 years old and also its
harnessing renewable energy sources. columns are widely spanned, it was decided to conduct
a structural strength study. This task was undertaken by
The plant capacity, 500 KWp, is based on the average /*58BSBOHBMBOEUIFZIBWFHJWFOBSFQPSUUPHPBIFBE
day time power consuption of ARCI on working XJUIUIFJOTUBMMBUJPOXPSL5IF$FOUSFGPS4PMHFMCVJMEJOH
days. Grid connected type of solar plant is selected is comparatively new and its structurals are based on the
CFDBVTF UIJT CFTU TVJUT "3$*hT SFRVJSFNFOU 5IFSF JT latest construction techniques and is strong enough to
no energy storage facility and power will be used as bear installation loads of about 50 Kgs/m2.
and when available. The system components include
the crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic modules and 5IF FYQFDUFE BQQSPYJNBUF BOOVBM FOFSHZ HFOFSBUJPO
HSJEUJF JOWFSUFST 5IF PVUQVU QPXFS GSPN UIF 354 GSPN UIF 417 QPXFS QMBOU 'JHVSF CFMPX
IBT CFFO
plant would be fed to the inverter which converts worked out based on the Global Horizontal Irradiation
%$ QPXFS QSPEVDFE CZ 417 BSSBZ UP "$ QPXFS BOE data for Hyderabad taken from the project report of
feeds it into the main electricity grid. In case of grid 4PMBS &OFSHZ $FOUSF ./3& *OEJBO .FUFPSPMPHJDBM
failure RTS plant shall be disconnected from the grid. Department. The data coverage period is from 1986 to
5IFNFBO()*FYQPTVSFWBSJFTGSPNL8IN 2 /
5IF EBZ UJNF QPXFS SFRVJSFNFOU PO OPOXPSLJOH day in the month of August to 6.91KWh / m 2 / day in the
days is almost nil, i.e., about one third of the year, NPOUIPG"QSJM$POTJEFSJOHBOFGGJDJFODZPG17NPEVMF
UIF QMBOU XJMM CF QSBDUJDBMMZ PGGMPBE5P BWPJE BMNPTU at 15.9%, the annual energy generation is estimated as
30% of the plant output) this wastage and also to 9,87,995 KWH.
GJOBODJBMMZ CFOFGJU GSPN FYQPSUJOH UIJT TVSQMVT FOFSHZ
OFUNFUFSJOH BHSFFNFOU IBT CFFO FTUBCMJTIFE XJUI For the purpose of payback calculation, the annual
Telangana State Southern Power Distribution Company FOFSHZ HFOFSBUJPO JT UBLFO BT
,8) &OFSHZ
Limited (TSSPDCL). BWBJMBCMF GPS FYQPSU UP 5441%$- TIBMM CF PG UIF
annual generation and will be at about 300 MWH. So
Sufficient shadow free roof top area that is required for UIFQSPKFDUDPTUQBZCBDLJTFYQFDUFEUPCFDPNQMFUFE
installation of solar module at 10 sq.M per KWp is about in 7 years.
94
Support Groups
Formed in the year 2008, National Knowledge Resource access to over 8500 journals including the journals
Consortium (NKRC) is a joint venture of libraries in various independently subscribed by the Laboratories. In
Laboratories under CSIR ad DST, with the objective of addition to subscribed content, it also provides access to
providing information services to the scientific and over 23000 open access journals. Using ‘Journal Finder’
technical community of those Laboratories. (Fig. 2) option, users can browse/find journals of their
choice. It also has an online ‘Live Chat’ facility that is of
The Technical Information Centre (TIC) at ARCI has been immense help for to Users, who can report to the Live
TVCTDSJCJOH XPSME DMBTT FKPVSOBMT JO UIF DPSF BSFBT PG $IBU FYFDVUJWFT BCPVU UIF EJGGJDVMUJFT JO BDDFTTJOH UIF
ARCI’s interest to keep scientists abreast of the latest tool or any other relevant issue, and a solution will be
developments in their respective areas of research. Many provided immediately.
PG UIFTF FKPVSOBMT BSF TVCTDSJCFE UISPVHI /,3$
BOE
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TIC where there is no support from NKRC. -PBO FNBJM SFRVFTUT GPS BSUJDMFT UIBU BSF OPU EJSFDUMZ
accessible online and are available only in individual
Due to the escalating price rises by the publishers of member laboratories of NKRC. Requested articles can
journals in Science/Technology/Medicine (STM), it is not be sent by post or online. By post, the requested articles
QPTTJCMF UP TVCTDSJCF UP BMM UIF JNQPSUBOU FSFTPVSDFT are delivered to the Nodal Officer of the requesting
that are needed by the members of individual labs. laboratory, and the request status is then updated in
Further, information on journal articles needed by our UIF %PDVNFOU %FMJWFSZ 5SBDLFS NPEVMF PG +(BUF BOE
users and available in other member Laboratories is not BOBVUPNBUJDFNBJMJTUIFOHFOFSBUFEUPUIFSFRVFTUFS
easy to obtain. Also, procuring the desired articles via and the Nodal Officer of that laboratory. The requested
FNBJMJTBUJNFUBLJOHQSPDFTT BSUJDMF DBO BMTP CF EFMJWFSFE EJSFDUMZ WJB FNBJM UP UIF
Scientist who requested it, and the request status is
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automatically updated in the system. If an article is
UIF LOPXMFEHF TIBSJOH QMBUGPSN +$$$ +(BUF $VTUPN not available, then the request status is updated in
Content for Consortium) is being subscribed. JCCC for the Document Delivery Tracker as “not available”, and
/,3$JTLOPXOBT+(BUF!/,3$ IUUQTKHBUFQMVTDPN BO BVUPNBUJDBMMZ HFOFSBUFE FNBJM SFQPSUJOH UIF OPO
search/) and the tool is developed by M/s Informatics availability of the requested article is sent to the user
India Pvt. Ltd., which provides a single point of access and and the Nodal Officer of that Institution.
discovery to all journals subscribed by the Consortium.
Admin login facility of the tool provides features like
5IF +(BUF!/,3$ 'JH
JT B WJSUVBM MJCSBSZ PG KPVSOBMT fulfilling ILL requests, addition of newly subscribed
DSFBUFEBTBDVTUPNJ[FEFKPVSOBMHBUFXBZBOEEBUBCBTF journals, addition/removal of IP addresses of respective
solution for the Consortium. It provides article level labs, etc.
95
Events, Data and Statistics
96
Events, Data and Statistics
Major Events
Jayanthi Celebrations
ARCI celebrated Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Jayanthi and Dr. Babu
Jagjivan Ram Jayanthi on April 14, 2016. On this occasion,
NFNCFST PG "3$*hT 4$45 &NQMPZFFT 8FMGBSF "TTPDJBUJPO
paid floral tributes to Dr. B. R. Ambedkar at ARCI and also at
Tank Bund, Hyderabad.
Shri Homenidhi Sharma, Senior Managar (A&P, O.L), BDL conducting workshop
on"Noteworthy things in Scientific & Technical writing"
Independence Day
ARCI celebrated Independence Day on August 15, 2016. Dr. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj handing over the certificate to Ms. V Uma
T. Narasinga Rao, Associate Director hoisted the National during the Hindi week celebrations
Flag and addressed the gathering.
has been successful in the implementation and progressive
Annual Medical Check-up
use of Hindi at ARCI. Quarterly performance reports
"OOVBM.FEJDBM$IFDLVQQSPHSBNNFGPS"3$*FNQMPZFFT on Hindi were sent to DST as well as to the Department
GPS UIF ZFBS XBT PSHBOJ[FE EVSJOH 4FQUFNCFS PG 0óDJBM -BOHVBHF %0-
3FHJPOBM *NQMFNFOUBUJPO
23, 2016. Medical tests were conducted for employees 0óDF 4PVUI
" DPQZ JT TFOU UP 5PXO 0óDJBM -BOHVBHF
categorized under two age groups i.e. below and above 45 Implementation Committee (TOLIC) and also to the D.O.L.,
ZFBSTPGBHF4QFDJBMUFTUTTVDIBT%&DIP
-JWFSGVODUJPO Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India for review. During
tests etc., were conducted for employees above 45 years of UIF ZFBS
"3$* JTTVFE MFUUFST JO CJMJOHVBM
age. Ultrasound scan, Pap smear tests were also conducted form and surpassed the target set by the D.O.L, Ministry
for the benefit of various women employees of ARCI. of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, and received appreciation
from DST, in its review, for its achievement. ARCI also
Official Language (Hindi) Implementation at received “Karyalaya Jyothi Smrithi” award from Rajbasha
Sansthan, New Delhi for its contributions towards the use
ARCI
of Hindi. To propagate the use of Hindi in a better manner,
5IF 0óDJBM -BOHVBHF *NQMFNFOUBUJPO $PNNJUUFF 0-*$
ARCI conducted Hindi workshops on a quarterly basis
under the chairmanship of Dr. G. Padmanabham, Director, for its employees as well as to the nominated research
97
Events, Data and Statistics
ARCI received “Karyalaya Jyothi Smrithi” award from Rajbasha Sansthan, New Delhi Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI administered the pledge and Dr. R Vijay, Vigilance
for its contributions towards the use of Hindi Officer read the messages by the President, the Prime Minister and the CVC
students. ARCI has also been imparting Training in Hindi Institute, Hyderabad on November 04, 2016. The lectures
UP JUT &NQMPZFFT VOEFS UIF )JOEJ 5FBDIJOH 4DIFNF BOE were attended by quite a large number of employees
has trained many employees in Prabodh, Praveen and as well as students. On this occasion, the Photographs/
Pragya levels. Meritorious employees received cash awards posters etc., on vigilance awareness were displayed in
as per norms. To encourage employees to carry out their Administrative Building.
PóDJBMXPSLJO)JOEJ
DBTICBTFEJODFOUJWFTDIFNFJTBMTP
introduced during this year. Rashtriya Ekta Diwas
ARCI conducted internal OLIC meeting on a quarterly basis 5IFCJSUIBOOJWFSTBSZPG4ISJ4BSEBS7BMMBCICIBJ1BUFMXBT
to review the progressive implementation of Hindi at ARCI PCTFSWFEBTi3BTIUSJZB&LUB%JXBT /BUJPOBM6OJUZ%BZ
wPO
and the minutes of the meeting were sent to DST. ARCI October 31, 2016 at ARCI. Dr. G. Padmanabham, Director
celebrated Hindi Week during September 14 to 20, 2016. "3$* BENJOJTUFSFE 3BTIUSJZB &LUB %JXBT QMFEHF UP BMM UIF
As part of Hindi Week celebrations, various programmes employees, project staff and students.
and competitions like quiz, elocution, noting & drafting,
essay writing, hand writing, translation, typing and Annual Day
scrabble in Hindi were conducted and the winners were
HJWFO QSJ[FT " MFDUVSF PO UIF i0óDJBM -BOHVBHF 1PMJDZ ARCI celebrated its 20th Annual Day on December 31,
3FTQPOTJCJMJUZ GPS $FOUSBM (PWFSONFOU &NQMPZFFT JO 2016. On this occasion, Dr. G. Ravi Chandra, Convener,
0óDJBM-BOHVBHF*NQMFNFOUBUJPOwXBTEFMJWFSFECZ%S4 Annual Day Committee welcomed the gathering. Dr. G.
R. Yadav, Assistant Director, Central Research Institute for Padmanabham, Director, ARCI in his address detailed
Dry Land Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad. Shri Awadhnath about various activities and emphasized the major
3PZ
GPSNFS 'JOBODF "DDPVOUT 0óDFS o "DDPVOUBOU achievements of ARCI during the year. Dr. T. Narasinga Rao,
(FOFSBM0óDF
)ZEFSBCBEDPOEVDUFEBRVJ[DPNQFUJUJPO Associate Director and Dr. Roy Johnson, Associate Director
All the nominated employees and research students BMTPBEESFTTFEUIFHBUIFSJOH7BSJPVTDVMUVSBMFWFOUTXFSF
actively participated in the Hindi Week celebrations which organized as part of the Annual Day Celebrations and many
concluded on September 20, 2016. employees actively participated in these events alongwith
their children and family members. Prizes were distributed
Vigilance Awareness Week
7JHJMBODF "XBSFOFTT 8FFL XBT PCTFSWFE BU "3$* GSPN
October 31, 2016 to November 05, 2016. For this occasion,
the theme that was chosen this year was “Public Participation
JO 1SPNPUJOH *OUFHSJUZ BOE &SBEJDBUJOH $PSSVQUJPOw %S (
1BENBOBCIBN
%JSFDUPS"3$* BENJOJTUFSFE UIF QMFEHF UP
all the employees and the messages by the President, the
1SJNF.JOJTUFSBOEUIF$FOUSBM7JHJMBODF$PNNJTTJPOFSXFSF
SFBEPVUCZ%S37JKBZ
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98
Events, Data and Statistics
Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI administered the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas pledge to all the Employees, Project staff and Students
to winners of all activities. The celebrations concluded with ARCI Internal Complaints Committee (AICC)
WPUFPGUIBOLTCZ.S44VEIBLBSB4BSNB
4DJFOUJTUh%h
ARCI Internal Complaints Committee (AICC) has been
Republic Day BDUJWFMZJOWPMWFEJOQSPNPUJOHBXBSFOFTTSFHBSEJOH4FYVBM
Harassment of Women at Workplace. Bilingual awareness
Republic Day was celebrated at ARCI on January 26, posters were placed at prominent locations in ARCI
2017. Dr. G. Padmanabham, Director hoisted the National Hyderabad and Chennai campuses and timely awareness
Flag and addressed the gathering on the occasion. Dr. T. is created among the newly joined research fellows/project
Narasinga Rao and Dr. Roy Johnson, Associate Directors students and trainees. ARCI celebrated International
also addressed the gathering. 8PNFOhT%BZPO.BSDI
1SPG(ZBONVESB
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Human Resource Development, National Institute of Rural
National Safety Week Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad delivered
B MFDUVSF PO i&NPUJPOBM *OUFMMJHFODF BU 8PSL 1MBDFw "MM
"3$* PCTFSWFE /BUJPOBM 4BGFUZ 8FFL EVSJOH .BSDI the women employees, Research Fellows/students and
12, 2017. As part of 46th National Safety Day celebrations, employees attended the programme.
.S 4 ,BMZBOBSBNBO
4FDVSJUZ
'JSF 4BGFUZ 0óDFS
welcomed all the employees, students and administered In-house Training Programme
the Safety Pledge. Dr. Roy Johnson, Associate Director
and Chairman, Safety Committee, ARCI in his inaugural "3$* PSHBOJ[FE EBZT JOIPVTF USBJOJOH QSPHSBNNF PO
address emphasized on various steps being taken for i-FBEFSTIJQ&YDFMMFODFUISPVHI&òFDUJWF$PNNVOJDBUJPOw
proper implementation of safety aspects at ARCI. Dr. G. EVSJOH .BSDI
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Padmanabham, Director, ARCI and Dr. T. Narasinga Rao, Senior Professor, Indian Institute of Management (IIM),
Associate Director also addressed the gathering. A series -VDLOPX BOE DVSSFOUMZ 7JDF $IBODFMMPS
+, -BLTINJQBU
of lectures were arranged for the benefit of employees and University, Ajmer conducted the programme, which
students on safety aspects. Dr. Sadhana S. Rayalu, Professor DPWFSFE UPQJDT TVDI BT o5IF BSU BOE TDJFODF PG FòFDUJWF
$IJFG4DJFOUJTU)FBE
/&&3*
/BHQVSBOE%S:4SJOJWBTB communication, interpersonal and group skills, decision
Rao, Scientist “F” delivered lectures on “Safety, Health and making and analysis, leadership communication, the art of
&OWJSPONFOU JTTVFT SFMBUFE UP /BOPUFDIOPMPHZw BOE PO kinesthetic speaking, leading change, effective speech and
i4BGFUZ"3$*1FSTQFDUJWFwSFTQFDUJWFMZ persuasion and cross cultural issues in communication.
Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI with Dr. Sadhana S Rayalu and participants during the National Safety week celebrations
99
Events, Data and Statistics
Prof. Gyanmudra with Director, Associate Directors and participants on the occasion of International Womens' Day Celebrations at ARCI
Conference/Workshops/Symposia Organized
by ARCI
"T B QBSU PG h4XBBDI #IBSBU .JTTJPO
"3$* JOJUJBUFE OFX t *OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO $FSBNJDT
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measures to maintain a clean environment around its 3FGSBDUPSJFT &NFSHJOH *OOPWBUJPOT $(3&*
campus. All the employees actively participated in the which is being organized along with the 80th annual
programme. ARCI also conducted special cleanliness session of Indian Ceramic Society, Indian Institute
drives at regular intervals. of Ceramics (IIC) and All India Pottery Manufactures
Association (AIPMA) in association with ARCI at IICT,
International Yoga Day )ZEFSBCBE EVSJOH %FDFNCFS
0O UIF
occasion of 80th Annual Session of Indian Ceramics,
As part of “International Yoga Day Celebrations”, a seminar
a “One Day Workshop on Advanced Ceramic
on “Modern Yoga” was organized at ARCI on June 22, 2016.
Processing and Fabrications” was organized at ARCI
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Hyderabad conducted the seminar which was actively
by ARCI Scientists on Advanced Ceramic Processing
attended by employees and students alike.
and Fabrication. The conference and workshop were
conducted to provide a platform for understanding
the major bottle necks in ceramic technologies and to
encourage academics to meet the current and future
challenges of the ceramic industries. There was an
overwhelming response from academia and industry
with more than 100 participants from all over the
country and abroad.
100
Events, Data and Statistics
Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI, Mr. Amit K De, President, Indian Ceramic Society, Dr. Chandresh Agarwal and Dr. A. R. Raju from Indian Ceramic Society, Hyderabad Chapter and
Dr. Roy Johnson, Associate Director-ARCI with participants at Workshop on “Advanced Ceramic Processing and Fabrication”
factors affecting the quality of spray coating were mechanical characterization that has the potential
taught by the trainer during a practical session after to drive R&D efforts in the country in the broad
a lecture, briefing the theory and principles of spray area of surface engineering and automotive energy
coating. materials. In this regard, a workshop on ‘Advanced
Nanomechanical Characterization’ was organized at
"3$*
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Warren Oliver (Nanomechanics Inc), Prof. George Pharr
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1SPG &SJL )FSCFSU .JDIJHBO
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(IISc). The workshop was attended by more than 50
participants comprising of faculty, researchers and
students from various IITs and R&D laboratories of the
country. Live demonstration was done to showcase the
state of the art facilities at the joint centre for advanced
nanomechanical characterization (ANCC). There was
Mr P. S. Chandramani providing hands-on training on spray painting
to the staff at the Centre BO FYDFMMFOU SFTQPOTF UP UIF UBMLT BOE EFNPOTUSBUJPO
and a good platform has been created for future
collaborations and potential sale of equipment
t Workshop on 'Advanced Nanomechanical through the joint centre.
Characterization’
t Technical Exposition 'ARCITechEx2017'
ARCI has recently established a Joint Demonstration
Centre for Advanced Nanomechanical Characterization ARCI celebrated 20 successful years of research,
(ANCC) in collaboration with Nanomechanics Inc., development and technology transfer in the field of
USA. to develop novel nanomechanical testing NBUFSJBMT BOE QSPDFTTFT UISPVHI i"3$*5FDI&Yw
methodologies. The unique facilities established at EVSJOH'FCSVBSZ
BU"3$*$BNQVT
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the joint centre enables ARCI to drive fundamental )ZEFSBCBE 5IF PCKFDUJWF PG UIF i"3$*5FDI&Yw
and applied research in the area of small scale was to showcase ARCI’s technologies. This platform
Dr. Warren Oliver, Prof. George Pharr, Prof. Erik Herbert, Prof. Vikram Jayaram, Prof. G Sundararajan with Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI
and other participants during the workshop
101
Events, Data and Statistics
XBT BMTP VTFE UP FYQMPSF CVTJOFTT PQQPSUVOJUJFT possible collaborations/technology transfers are being
with technologies developed at ARCI in the fields of pursued. Level of readiness of R & D programmes of
materials and manufacturing, specifically in the areas interest shall be assessed and then, mutually rewarding
of surface engineering and fuel cell technology. engagement model shall be negotiated to move
forward in this regard.
5IF 5FDIOPMPHZ FYQPTJUJPO "3$* 5FDI&Y
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inaugurated by the Chief Guest, Hon’ble Minister of The event was attended by more than 500 delegates
4UBUFGPS45BOE&BSUI4DJFODFT
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Chowdary. Dr. G. Satheesh Reddy, Scientific Advisor technologists from industry, R&D organizations and
to Raksha Mantri and Director General, Missiles and BDBEFNJDJOTUJUVUJPOT&OUSFQSFOFVSTBOESFQSFTFOUBUJWFT
Strategic Systems graced the occasion as a Guest of from 97 industrial organizations looking for new
Honour. The event also included panel discussions technologies, solutions and technology based business
PO i.BUFSJBMT BOE .BOVGBDUVSJOH 5FDIOPMPHJFT o opportunities could effectively utilize this event. About
Future Perspectives”, by eminent scientists and 175 engineering and science students attended Science
technocrats. The deliberations provided a unique %BZ-FDUVSFTBOEWJTJUFEUFDIOPMPHZFYQPTJUJPO
platform to understand the national and global status
of the materials and manufacturing technologies
and provided directions to evolve relevant research
vision in the area. Business opportunity workshops on
4VSGBDF&OHJOFFSJOHBOE'VFM$FMM5FDIOPMPHJFT
SFBM
life demonstration of the technologies and interactions
with the scientists were also the major attraction of the
FWFOU &MBCPSBUF 4DJFODF EBZ DFMFCSBUJPOT XFSF BMTP
organized on February 28, with lectures by eminent
TDJFOUJTUT1SPG13BNB3BPBOE1SPG743BNB.VSUIZ
oCPUIGPSNFSTFDSFUBSJFTUPUIF(PWFSONFOUPG*OEJBo
DST. The Science Day lectures were focused to motivate
science and engineering students towards research.
Dr. Y S Chowdary, Hon’ble Minister of State for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences
5IF5FDIOPMPHZ &YQPTJUJPO JODMVEFE TUBMMT PO FBDI PG inaugurating ARCI TechEx 2017
the ARCI’s thrust areas, technology transfer modalities/
process and characterization facilities along with ARCI’s
collaborators for Joint development/demonstration
[Zoz GmbH Germany, Nanomechanics Inc. USA, SLM
Solutions Singapore/ Design Tech Systems Pune,
)VMJLLBM &MFDUSP *OEJB
>
"3$* UFDIOPMPHZ SFDFJWFST
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$BQSJ $BCMFT 1SJWBUF -JNJUFE
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5FDIOPMPHZ USBOTGFS FOBCMJOH BHFODJFT /3%$ /FX
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BOE 1SPNPUJPO $FOUSF $**"15%$
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TIPXDBTFE UIFJS DBQBCJMJUZ &ORVJSJFT SFDFJWFE GPS Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI welcoming the august gathering
at ARCI TechEx 2017
Dr. G Satheesh Reddy, Scientific Advisor to Raksha Mantri and Director General, Missiles Dr. Y S Chowdary, inaugurating the ARCI Brochure
and Strategic Systems, Guest of Honour, addressing the gathering at the ARCI TechEx 2017
102
Events, Data and Statistics
Dr. Y S Chowdary Falicitating Prof. P Rama Rao Dr. Y S Chowdary Falicitating Prof. G Sundararajan
during ARCI TechEx 2017 during ARCI TechEx 2017
Dr. Y S Chowdary Falicitating Prof. V S Ramamurthy Dr. Y S Chowdary, inaugurating the Technical Exhibiton Stalls
during ARCI TechEx 2017 at the ARCI TechEx 2017
Dr. Tata Narasinga Rao with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Nanomaterials Stall Dr. Roy Johnson with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Ceramic Materials Stall
during ARCI TechEx 2017 during ARCI TechEx 2017
Dr. Y S Chowdary at Technology Receiver Stall Dr. N Rajalakshmi with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Fuel Cell Technology Stall
on Ceramic Honeycomb based Air Heaters during ARCI TechEx 2017
103
Events, Data and Statistics
Dr. R Prakash with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Automotive Energy Materials Stall Mr. D Srinivasa Rao with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Engineered Coatings Stall
during ARCI TechEx 2017 during ARCI TechEx 2017
Dr. Y S Chowdary at Technology Receiver Stall Dr. G Padmanabham with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Laser Processing of Materials Stall
on Surface Coating Technologies during ARCI TechEx 2017
Dr. B P Saha with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Non-Oxide Ceramics Stall Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Technology Acquisition, Transfer and
during ARCI TechEx 2017 International Cooperation Stall during ARCI TechEx 2017
Dr. P K Jain with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Carbon Materials Stall Dr. R Subasri with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Sol-gel Coatings Stall
during ARCI TechEx 2017 during ARCI TechEx 2017
104
Events, Data and Statistics
Dr. G Ravichandra with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Materials Characterization and Testing Dr. S Sakthivel with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Solar Energy Materials
Stall during ARCI TechEx 2017 Stall during ARCI TechEx 2017
Dr. Y S Chowdary planting a sapling at the new Engineered Coating Facility Dr. Y S Chowdary, Dr. G Satheesh Reddy and Dr. G Padmanabham after inaugurating the
during ARCI TechEx 2017 Additive Manufacturing Facility during ARCI TechEx 2017
Eminent Scientists and Technocrats during the Panel Discussion on “Materials and Prof. P Rama Rao, Former Secretary to Govt. of India, delivering the National Science
Manufacturing Technologies – Future Perspectives”, at the ARCI TechEx 2017 Day Lecture on 28th February, 2017 during ARCI TechEx 2017
Dr. R Gopalan, Associate Director-ARCI honouring the members of Prof. V S Ramamurthy, Former Secretary to Govt. of India, delivering the
Discussion Panel at the ARCI TechEx 2017 National Science Day Lecture on 28th February, 2017 during ARCI TechEx 2017
105
Events, Data and Statistics
Sl. No. Name of the Student Mr./Ms. Ph.D Topic Ph.D Registered at
01. Amol C. Badgujar Development of CIGS Solar Cells. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
02. Sumit Ranjan Sahu Synthesis of Carbon nanohorns based Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Battery
03. Ravi Gautam Microstructure- Magnetic Properties Correlation of Fe-P based Soft Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Magnetic Material
04. Kumari Konda Optimization of Electrode Coatings for Li-Ion Batteries Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
05. S. Vasu Structure Properties Correlation of Layered Oxide & Lithium-Rich Layered Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Oxide Materials for Battery Applications
106
Events, Data and Statistics
Sl. No. Name of the Student Mr./Ms. Ph.D Topic Ph.D Registered at
06. Srinivasa Rao Atchuta Development of Stable Selective Solar Absorber Coating for Concentrated Academy of Scientific & Innovative
Solar Thermal Application. Research (AcSIR)-National Aerospace
Laboratories (NAL)
07. Vallabharao Rikka Investigation on Ageing Mechanism of LiFePO4 electrodes lithium ion cell Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
08. Muni Bhaskar Siva kumar Effect of Grain Boundary Diffusion on Magnetic Properties in Nd-Fe-B Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Magnets.
Sl. No. Name of the Student Mr./Ms. Ph.D Topic Ph.D Registered at
01. M. Nagini Effect of Milling on Microstructural Evolution in Nano ODS-18Cr Ferritic University of Hyderabad
Steel and the Resultant Mechanical, Corrosion and Oxidation Properties
02. Bolla Reddy Spherical Indentation Behaviour of Porous Copper and PED Multilayered Indian Institute of Technology,
Nickel Coating Hyderabad
03. Puneet Chandran Design and Development of Hard Protective Coatings for Cutting Tools National Institute of Technology,
used in Machining of difficult to Machine Materials Warangal
04. N.S. Anas The Effect of Carbon Nanotubes Dispersion on the Microstructure and University of Hyderabad
Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys
05. L. Subashini Laser- Arc Hybrid Welding of Special Steels University of Hyderabad
06. E. Hari Mohan Development of Nanostructured Electrodes for High Energy Density Li-S National Institute of Technology,
Battery Warangal
07. P. Tejassvi Electrospun Nanomaterials for Lithium-ion/Li-S Batteries National Institute of Technology,
Warangal
08. V.V.N. Phani Kumar Low cost Aqueous Binders for the Applications of Li-Ion Batteries National Institute of Technology,
Warangal
09. Anusree Unnikrishnan Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: Impurity Studies-Experimental & Indian Institute of Technology,
Modelling Investigations Hyderabad
10. J.A. Prithi Cathode Materials for Improved PEMFC Performance and Impurity Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Tolerance
11. N. Manjula Studies on The Aspects Of Depolarized Electrolysis For Hydrogen National Institute of Technology,
Generation Warangal
12. T. Ramesh Activated Carbon For Energy Storage National Institute of Technology,
Warangal
13. K. Nanaji Development of Nanoporous Carbon Electrode Materials for Energy Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Storage Applications
14. S. Bhuvaneswari Structure, Morphology and Electrochemical Performance Correlation in Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Metal Doped Spinel (Li MxMn2-xO4) (M = Transition Metals) as Li-Ion Battery
Cathode Materials
15. P.M. Pratheeksha Development of Nanostructured Electrodes for high Energy Density National Institute of Technology,
Lithium Ion Battery applications Warangal
16. VV Ramakrishna Microstructure -Magnetic Property Correlation in Permanent Magnets National Institute of Technology,
Thiruchirappalli
17. N. Sasikala Structure and Electrochemical Property Correlation of Ni-Rich Cathode Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Materials
18. S. Harish Design, Development, Performance Evolution and Optimization of Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Engineering Parameters of Thermoelectric Generator System
19. Imran Karajagi Studies on Development of Metal-Air Batteries Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
20. S. Manasa Nanoclay based Self-healing, Corrosion Protection Coatings on Aluminum National Institute of Technology,
Alloys Warangal
21. Boosagulla Divya Fabrication of Solar Cell Photovoltaic Energy System using Pulsed- National Institute of Technology,
electrodeposited CIGS Absorber layer under n-type CdS Semiconductor Warangal
Film Window.
22. Mitravinda Tadepalli Development of Biomass derived Nanoporous Carbons for Super Indian Institute of Technology,
capacitor Application. Hyderabad
107
Events, Data and Statistics
Sl. No. Name of the Student Mr./Ms. Ph.D Topic Ph.D Registered at
23. Brijesh Singh Yadav Development and detailed Investigation of Chalcopyrite CIGS Absorber Indian Institute of Technology,
Layer Hyderabad
24. B. Jayachandran Interface Engineering of High Temperature Thermoelectric Materials Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
and its Effect on Thermoelectric Device Performance.
25. M. Shiva Prasad Development of Solar Selective Absorber Coatings for Concentrated National Institute of Technology,
Solar Power Application. Warangal
26. B. Priyadarshini Structural and Thermoelectric Properties Correlation on Zn4Sb3 and National Institute of Technology,
Mg2Si Thiruchirappalli
27. Mohd Aqeel Suitability of Laser Hybrid Welding Process for Advanced Ultra Super University of Hyderabad
Critical (A-USC) Boiler Application (INCONEL-617)
28. Shaik Mubina Processing and Characterization of Fibre Reinforced SiC Composites National Institute of Technology,
Warangal
29. Yarlagadda Madhavi Influence of Process Parameters on Properties and Performance of Micro National Institute of Technology,
Arc Oxidation Coatings Warangal
30. Swapnil Hanmant Adsul Nanoclay-based Self-healing Corrosion Protection Coatings on National Institute of Technology,
Magnesium Alloy Warangal
31. Keerthi Sanghamitra Study of Thermo-Physical Properties of Aerogel Products for Thermal National Institute of Technology,
Kollipara Insulation Applications Warangal
32. Adigilli Harish Kumar 2D-Nanolayered WS2 based Self-lubricating Composites. National Institute of Technology,
Warangal
33. E. Anusha Control of Heat Input in Laser Surface Treatment Process National Institute of Technology,
Warangal
Appointments Resignations
ARCI has added the following employee to its fold to take up 5IFGPMMPXJOHFNQMPZFFTSFTJHOFEEVSJOHUIFZFBS
WBSJFESFTQPOTJCJMJUJFT
Employee Name Designation Date of Joining Employee Name Designation Held Date of Relieving
Promotions
"3$*IBTCFFOGPMMPXJOHJUTFYJTUJOHBTTFTTNFOUBOEQSPNPUJPOQPMJDZTJODFUIFZFBS"TQFSUIFQPMJDZ
BTTFTTNFOUT
XFSFDBSSJFEPVUGPSBMMFMJHJCMFFNQMPZFFTBOEUIFGPMMPXJOHXFSFQSPNPUFEEVSJOHUIFZFBS
Post
Name of the Promotees Effective Date
From To
108
Events, Data and Statistics
Post
Name of the Promotees Effective Date
From To
A. Srinivas October 1, 2016 Officer “B” Officer “C”
D. Sreenivas Reddy October 1, 2016 Technical Officer “B” Technical Officer “C”
B. Uday Kumar October 1, 2016 Officer “A” Officer “B”
P. Venugopal October 1, 2016 Officer “A” Officer “B”
E. Anbu Rasu October 1, 2016 Technical Officer “A” Technical Officer “B”
S. Sankar Ganesh October 1, 2016 Technical Officer “A” Technical Officer “B”
G. Venkat Reddy October 1, 2016 Technician “C” Technician “D”
P. Anjaiah October 1, 2016 Technician “C” Technician “D”
P. Suri Babu October 1, 2016 Technician “B” Technician “C”
Roop Singh October 1, 2016 Lab. Assistant “C” Lab. Assistant “D”
M. A. Fazal Hussain February 7, 2017 Driver "B" Driver "B" (MACP)
109
Events, Data and Statistics
Seminars by Indian and Foreign Visitors PG .BUFSJBMT 4DJFODF BOE &OHJOFFSJOH
3FOTTFMBFS
1PMZUFDIOJD *OTUJUVUF
64" EFMJWFSFE B MFDUVSF POi0VU
1. Dr. Sivakumar Pasupathy, Programme Manager, HySA PGUIFCPY %FTJHO PG .PMFDVMBSMZ5BJMPSFE *OPSHBOJD
Systems, University of the Westen Cape, South Africa Nanomaterials and Interfaces” on December 16, 2016.
EFMJWFSFEBMFDUVSFPO1&.#BTFE4ZTUFNGPS)ZESPHFO
15. Dr. Judy Jeevarajan, UL, Research Director, Underwriters
&OFSHZ5FDIOPMPHZPO"QSJM
Laboratories Inc, USA, delivered a lecture on “Safety
%S 3BNBO 7FEBSBKBO
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+BQBO $IBMMFOHFT 'BDFE CZ -JUIJVN*PO .BOVGBDUVSFST BOE
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Users” on December 22, 2016.
Japan delivered a lecture on “New Methods and Materials
16. Dr. Franca Albertini, Head Magnetic Material Group,
JO&OFSHZ"QQMJDBUJPOPO"QSJM
*.&.$/3
*UBMZEFMJWFSFEBMFDUVSFPO.BHOFUPDBMPSJD
3. Dr. Rajaesh Bashyam, Senior Research Scientist, &òFDUJO/J.O(B5IJO'JMNTPO+BOVBSZ
Ballard Power Systems, Canada delivered a lecture on
17. Dr. Yojiro Oba, Assistant Professor, Research Reactor
“Accelerated Stress Testing Strategies to Understand
Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan, delivered a
1&.'$$BUBMZTU-BZFSwPO"QSJM
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4. Prof. K. Hono, Director, Research Center for Magnetic Angle Scattering” on February 03, 2017.
and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials
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Science, Japan, delivered a lecture on "Dy free high
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5. Dr. Takuya Hasegawa, Manager, Research Planning Present” on February 15, 2017.
Department, Nissan Motor Corporation, Japan delivered
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6. Prof. Takeaki Sakurai, Institute of Applied Physics, &OWJSPONFOUBM *TTVFT SFMBUFE UP /BOPUFDIOPMPHZ PO
University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, delivered a lecture on March 07, 2017.
“Impact of Deep Defects in Cu (In, Ga) Se2 Solar Cells” on
November 09, 2016. Indian and Foreign Visitors for Technical
7. Prof. Jyotsna Dutta Majumdar, Indian Institute of Discussion
Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, delivered a lecture on “Laser
1. Mr. Markus Puschmann, Group Leader, Process
Composite Surfacing” on November 16, 2016.
Development and Mr. Patrick Urbanek, Member, Weld
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Processing Group Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany delivered a and Forming Technology (IWU), Chemnitz, Germany, Dr.
lecture on "From Conventional towards In Situ Stimuli R. Wilken, Member, Weld Processing Group Fraunhofer
CBTFE $IBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG .BUFSJBMT UISPVHI 5&. PO Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced
November 28, 2016. Materials (IFAM), Bremen, Germany and Mr. Sebastin
9. Prof. Koushik Biswas, IIT Kharagpur, delivered a lecture Andreas Schulze, Group Manager, Special Joining
on “Density Functional Study on Lithium Ion Battery Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam
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Technology (IWS), Dresden, Germany visited during April
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Global Research, USA, delivered a lecture on “History of 2. Prof. Krishnan Balasubramanian, Dean, ICSR, IIT Madras,
%FWFMPQNFOU BOE $PNNFSDJBMJ[BUJPO PG (&T $FSBNJD 1SPG4BUJTI7,BJMBT
**4D#BOHBMPSF
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/BOZBOH 5FDIOPMPHJDBM Association of India (ARAI), Pune and Dr Prabhu
University (NTU), Singapore, delivered a lecture on Rajagopal, Asst Professor, IIT Madras visited during April
i.BUFSJBMT GPS &OFSHZ BOE &OWJSPONFOUBM "QQMJDBUJPOTw
on December 06, 2016. 3. Mr. Jai Pendyal, Managing Director, Diamond Tools,
1SPG #73 $IPXEBSJ
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4DIPPM PG Hyderabad visited on May 19, 2016.
.BUFSJBMT4DJFODF&OHJOFFSJOH
/BOZBOH5FDIOPMPHJDBM 4. Mr. B. Arunkumar, General Manager, Standard Paper &
University (NTU), Singapore, delivered a lecture on Board India (P) Ltd, Sivakasi visited on August 01, 2016.
i&OFSHZ4UPSBHF.BUFSJBMTwPO%FDFNCFS
5. Mrs. S. Bharathi, Manager (O&M), GAIL India Ltd., Noida
13. Dr. Parans Paranthaman, Distinguished Researcher & visited on August 03, 2016.
Group Leader, Materials Chemistry, Chemical Sciences .S%IJOBLBSBO
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Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, delivered visited on August 17, 2016.
a lecture on “Additive Manufacturing of NdFeB Bonded %S:7JOPE ,VNBS
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14. Dr. Ganpati Ramanath, John Tod Horton Professor visited on September 01, 2016.
110
Events, Data and Statistics
8. Mr. Markus Ruetering, Sales Manager Asia and Germany, -BZFSFE )ZESPYJEF PO 7PMUBHF )ZTUFSFTJT PG -J/JY
Laserline GmbH, Germany visited on September 20, Z$PY"MZ02”.
2016. %S &BTXBSBNPPSUIJ 3 WJTJUFE (FSNBOZ EVSJOH "VHVTU
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Sales Manager India, Laserline GmbH, Germany visited POh5IFSNBM&WBQPSBUPST*OUFHSBUFEXJUI.PEVMBS(MPWF
on September 20, 2016. #PYh
111
Events, Data and Statistics
7. Dr. R. Subasri delivered an invited lecture on "Surface "QQMJDBUJPOTw BU A/BUJPOBM 'SPOUJFST PG &OHJOFFSJOH
&OHJOFFSJOH UISPVHI 4PM(FM /BOPDPNQPTJUF IFMEBU**5
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Coatings" at Birla Institute of Technology and Science 19. Dr. R. Gopalan delivered an invited lecture on
(BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus on April 23, 2016. i-JUIJVN*PO #BUUFSZ 1SPHSBNNF BU "3$* GPS &MFDUSJD
8. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on 7FIJDMFTw BU UIF h*OEJB &OFSHZ 4UPSBHF 5FDIOPMPHZ
i3 % UP 7FOUVSF $SFBUJPO " $BTF 4UVEZw BOE 4VNNJUhIFMEBU/FX%FMIJPO+VOF
i1BUFOU "OBMZTJT GPS &òFDUJWF 3 % 1MBOOJOHw BU UIF 20. Dr. G. Padmanabham delivered a keynote lecture
‘Faculty Development Programme’ held at Osmania entitled “Advanced Manufacturing Processes for
University, Hyderabad on April 26, 2016. "FSPTQBDF 3FDFOU %FWFMPQNFOUT BU "3$*w BU UIF
9. Dr. M. Buchi Suresh delivered a lecture on "Porous ‘International Conference on Advancements in
$FSBNJDT1SPDFTTJOH BOE "QQMJDBUJPOT BU UIF Aeromechanical Materials for Manufacturing
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21. Dr. R. Gopalan delivered an invited lecture on
10. Dr. D. Prabhu delivered an invited lecture on “Magnetic Materials and Applications” at the
“Introduction to Magnetism” at the ‘Summer Training h.BUFSJBMT&OHJOFFSJOHBOE"QQMJDBUJPO8PSLTIPQGPS
1SPHSBNJO1IZTJDT5BNJM/BEV"DBEFNZPG4DJFODFT 5&2514QPOTPSFE1SPHSBNNFhIFMEBU#.4$PMMFHFPG
held at University of Madras, Chennai on May 28, &OHJOFFSJOH
#BOHBMPSFPO+VMZ
2016. %S3(PQBMBOEFMJWFSFEBOJOWJUFEMFDUVSFPOi&OFSHZ
11. Dr. R. Gopalan delivered an invited lecture on Materials for Sustainable Transportation” at the
i%"1 BOE 5&. 1PXFSGVM $PNQMFNFOUBSZ 5PPMT UP h*OUFSOBUJPOBM$POGFSFODFPO.BUFSJBMTGPS4VTUBJOBCMF
6OEFSTUBOE.JDSPTUSVDUVSF.JDSPDIFNJTUSZ1SPQFSUZ 'VUVSFhIFMEBU4BTUSB6OJWFSTJUZ
5IBOKBWVSPO+VMZ
$PSSFMBUJPOJO'VODUJPOBM.BUFSJBMTwBU&.4*NFFUJOH 2016.
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23. Mr. D. Srinivasa Rao delivered an invited lecture on
12. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on i4VSGBDF &OHJOFFSJOH "O &TTFOUJBM "QQSPBDI GPS
"Assessing Intellectual Property" and "Deriving .PEFSO &OHJOFFSJOHw BU B A8PSLTIPQ PO .FUBMMVSHZ
7BMVF GSPN *OUFMMFDUVBM 1SPQFSUZ " $BTF 4UVEZw for Non Metallurgists’ held at Indian Institute of Metals
GPS 4DJFOUJTUT&OHJOFFST GSPN *430 BT B QBSU PG (IIM) at Hyderabad on July 15, 2016.
‘Management Development Programme (MDP)’ %S34VCBTSJEFMJWFSFEBOJOWJUFEMFDUVSFPO4PM(FM
organized by Administrative Staff College of India /BOPDPNQPTJUF $PBUJOHT GPS &OFSHZ
&OWJSPONFOU
(ASCI) at ARCI, Hyderabad on June 09, 2016. and Health Care Applications" at ‘Recent Advances in
13. Dr. R.Balaji delivered an invited lecture on “Hydrogen /BOPNBUFSJBMT GPS &OFSHZ
&OWJSPONFOU BOE )FBMUI
1SPEVDUJPO 5FDIOPMPHZ"O 0WFSWJFXw BU BA4FNJOBS $BSF "QQMJDBUJPOT 'BDVMUZ %FWFMPQNFOU 1SPHSBNNF
PO 3FOFXBCMF &OFSHZ IFME BU /FZWFMJ -JHOJUF held at PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore on July
$PSQPSBUJPO &OHJOFFST 5SBJOJOH $FOUSF
/FZWFMJ PO 23, 2016.
June 10, 2016. 25. Dr. S. Anandan delivered an invited lecture on
14. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture on i%FWFMPQNFOUPG/BOPNBUFSJBMTGPS&OFSHZ4UPSBHF -J
i)ZESPHFO5FDIOPMPHJFTBUBh4FNJOBSPO3FOFXBCMF *PO#BUUFSJFTBOE4VQFSDBQBDJUPST
BOE&OWJSPONFOUBM
&OFSHZIFMEBU/FZWFMJ-JHOJUF$PSQPSBUJPO
&OHJOFFST Application” at National Institute of Technology (NIT),
Training Centre, Neyveli, Tamilnadu on June 10, 2016. Rourkela on August 03, 2016.
15. Dr.N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture on 26. Dr. D. Prabhu delivered an invited lecture on “Macro
i(SFFO 1PXFS *OJUJBUJWF $IBMMFOHFTw BU *OTUJUVUF PG Changes Nano Modifications” at the ‘Workshop on
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Characterization of Materials for Advanced Applications
16. Dr. M.B. Sahana delivered an invited lecture on 8$.""
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$BUIPEFT GPS -JUIJVN *PO #BUUFSJFTw BU UIF A*OEP 27. Dr. T.N. Rao delivered an invited lecture on “Recent
US Workshop on Recent Advances in Multiscale, Trends in Nanomaterials based Technologies
.VMUJQIZTJDT"OBMZTJTPG&OFSHZ$POWFSTJPOJO-JJPO 3FMFWBOU UP &OFSHZ
&OWJSPONFOU )FBMUIw
#BUUFSJFTIFMEBU**5#PNCBZ
.VNCBJEVSJOH+VOF at 2nd Chandigarh Region Innovation and
19, 2016. Knowledge Cluster (2nd CRIKC) Nano Science
17. Dr. R. Prakash delivered an invited lecture on “Lithium %BZ IFME BU **4&3
.PIBMJ PO "VHVTU
*PO#BUUFSZ%FWFMPQNFOU1SPHSBNBU"3$*GPS&MFDUSJD 28. Dr. S. Anandan delivered an invited lecture on
7FIJDMF "QQMJDBUJPOw BU UIF A*OEP64 8PSLTIPQ PO i%FWFMPQNFOU PG $PSF4IFMM 4USVDUVSFE $BSCPO
Recent Advances in Multiscale, Multiphysics Analysis $PBUFE&MFDUSPEF.BUFSJBMTGPS*NQSPWFE-J*PO#BUUFSZ
PG &OFSHZ $POWFSTJPO JO -JJPO #BUUFSJFT IFME BU **5 Performance” at the School of Advanced Sciences,
#PNCBZ
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18. Dr. Gururaj Telasang delivered an invited lecture August 12, 2016.
PO i-BTFS "JEFE .BOVGBDUVSJOH .BUFSJBMT BOE 29. Dr. G.Ravichandra delivered an invited lecture on
112
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i$IBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG /BOPNBUFSJBMT GPS &OFSHZ 40. Mr. Manish Tak delivered lecture on “Laser Surface
BOE &OWJSPONFOUBM "QQMJDBUJPOTw BU B A8PSLTIPQ Modifications of Automotive Components” at the
PO /BOPUFDIOPMPHZ 1SJODJQMFT JO &OFSHZ BOE ‘International Conference on Future of Indian
&OWJSPONFOUBM "QQMJDBUJPOT IFME BU (PWFSONFOU "VUPNPUJWF*OEVTUSZ-BTFSTBOEJUT"QQMJDBUJPOTIFME
College of Technology, Coimbatore on August 17, BU#*&$
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2016. 41. Dr. Gururaj Telasang delivered a lecture on “Laser Repair
30. Dr. P.K. Jain delivered invited lecture on “Carbon Nano Cladding and Additive Manufacturing for Automotive
.BUFSJBMT BOE UIFJS &OFSHZ 4UPSBHF "QQMJDBUJPOT JO Applications” at the ‘International Conference on
Supercapacitor” at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological 'VUVSF PG *OEJBO "VUPNPUJWF *OEVTUSZ -BTFST BOE JUT
University (JNTU), Hyderabad on+ August 17, 2016. "QQMJDBUJPOT IFME BU #*&$
#FOHBMVSV PO 4FQUFNCFS
31. Dr. P.K. Jain delivered an invited lecture on “Synthesis 21, 2016.
PG$BSCPO/BOPNBUFSJBMTUIFJS7BSJPVT"QQMJDBUJPOTw 42. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on
at a ‘National Symposium on Recent Advances in i1VCMJD 'VOEFE 3 % -BCPSBUPSZ UP *OEVTUSZw BOE
$IFNJDBM BOE .BUFSJBMT 4DJFODFT 3"$.4
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at Basara on August 21, 2016. Development Programme for University Professors’
32. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on organized by ASCI at ARCI, Hyderabad on September
i.BYJNJ[JOH *NQBDU PG *1 $BQJUBMw BOE i5FDIOPMPHZ 22, 2016.
$PNNFSDJBMJ[BUJPOwGPS4DJFOUJTUT&OHJOFFSTGSPN*430 %S#74BSBEBEFMJWFSFEBOJOWJUFEMFDUVSFPOi$*(4
as a part of ‘Management Development Programme #BTFE5IJO'JMN4PMBS$FMMTwBUUIFA/BUJPOBM8PSLTIPQ
(MDP)’ organized by ASCI at ARCI, Hyderabad on PO/BOPøVJE"QQMJDBUJPOTGPS)FBU5SBOTGFSBOE&OFSHZ
August 24, 2016. 4ZTUFNT IFME BU "OEISB 6OJWFSTJUZ
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33. Dr. D. Prabhu delivered an invited lecture on “Harder EVSJOH4FQUFNCFS
Hard Magnetic Materials” at the ‘National Conference 44. Dr. G.Ravichandra delivered an invited lecture on
PO.BUFSJBMTGPS4VTUBJOBCMF&OFSHZ /$.4&
IFME “Indentation Studies in Materials" at the ‘National
at Tiruchirappalli on August 26, 2016. Workshop on Material Characterization Techniques
34. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture on /8.$5
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i&MFDUSPDIFNJDBM&OFSHZ4UPSBHF$POWFSTJPO4ZTUFNTw on September 28, 2016.
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at Chennai on September 01, 2016. MFDUVSF PO i/FYU (FOFSBUJPO 4PMBS $FMMTw BU UIF
35. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture on A8PSLTIPQPO/BOPøVJE"QQMJDBUJPOGPS)FBU5SBOTGFS
i3FDFOU"EWBODFNFOUTJO%JBHOPTUJD5PPMTGPS1&.'$w BOE &OFSHZ 4ZTUFNT 4JNVMBUJPO VTJOH $'% IFME BU
at the ‘National Level Seminar on Technological "OEISB 6OJWFSTJUZ
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Advancements in Fuel Cell Research’ held at Chennai 2016.
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36. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered an invited lecture on POi1FSPWTLJUF
2VBOUVNEPUBOE%ZF4FOTJUJ[FE4PMBS
i$PNNFSDJBMJ[BUJPO PG 5FDIOPMPHJFT 4PNF $BTF Cells” at the ‘Workshop on Nanofluid Application for
Studies” at the ‘Workshop on Intellectual Property )FBU5SBOTGFSBOE&OFSHZ4ZTUFNT4JNVMBUJPOVTJOH
Rights , R & D and Innovation Management in University $'%h IFME BU "OEISB 6OJWFSTJUZ
7JTBLIBQBUOBN PO
System’ held at Osmania University, Hyderabad on September 28, 2016.
September 21, 2016. 47. Mr. Sumit Ranjan Sahu delivered an invited lecture on
37. Dr. G.Padmanabham delivered a keynote address on i-JUIJVN*PO #BUUFSZ GPS &MFDUSJD 7FIJDMFTw BU 7FMMPSF
“Lasers in Automotive Industry” at the ‘International *OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZ 7*5
7FMMPSFPO4FQUFNCFS
$POGFSFODFPO'VUVSFPG*OEJBO"VUPNPUJWF*OEVTUSZ 2016.
Lasers and its Applications’ held at Bangalore 48. Dr. G.Padmanabham delivered a Keynote lecture
*OUFSOBUJPOBM &YIJCJUJPO $FOUSF #*&$
#FOHBMVSV PO on “Additive Manufacturing Materials and Alloys”
September 21, 2016. at the ‘6th International Conference on Additive
38. Dr. Ravi Bathe delivered a lecture on “Laser Surface Manufacturing Technology’ held at Bengaluru on
5FYUVSJOH PG "VUPNPUJWF $PNQPOFOUT GPS *NQSPWJOH October 06, 2016.
Tribological Behavior” at the ‘International Conference %S # 7 4BSBEB EFMJWFSFE BO JOWJUFE MFDUVSF PO
PO 'VUVSF PG *OEJBO "VUPNPUJWF *OEVTUSZ -BTFST BOE i/BOPDBSCPOT BOE %JBNPOE 4ZOUIFTJT BOE
JUT"QQMJDBUJPOTIFMEBU#*&$
#FOHBMVSVPO4FQUFNCFS Applications” at the ‘National Workshop on Carbon
21, 2016. Nanotechnology and Applications of Nanomaterials’
.S ,7 1IBOJ 1SBCIBLBS
EFMJWFSFE MFDUVSF PO -BTFS IFMEBU4SJLBLVMBNEVSJOH0DUPCFS
Brazing for Light Weighting of Automotive Body Parts” 50. Dr. T.N. Rao delivered an invited lecture on “Role of
at the ‘International Conference on Future of Indian &OHJOFFSTJO.BLFJO*OEJBJOJUJBUJWFw
BU.FUBMMVSHJDBM
"VUPNPUJWF*OEVTUSZ-BTFSTBOEJUT"QQMJDBUJPOTIFME Materials Association at NIT, Warangal on October 19,
BU#*&$
#FOHBMVSVPO4FQUFNCFS
2016.
113
Events, Data and Statistics
51. Dr. S. Sakthivel delivered an invited lecture on 63. Dr. P. Suresh Babu delivered an invited talk on “Thermal
“Functional Materials and Coatings for Concentrated 4QSBZFE /BOPTUSVDUVSFE $PBUJOHT"O PWFS 7JFXw BU
4PMBS 5IFSNBM 1PXFS $41
17 "QQMJDBUJPOTw BU A*$"..1*7 IFME BU **5
,IBSBHQVS EVSJOH /PWFNCFS
the ‘International Conference on Nanoscience and
/BOPUFDIOPMPHZhIFMEBU7*56OJWFSTJUZ
7FMMPSF 64. Dr. G.Padmanabham delivered an invited lecture on
EVSJOH0DUPCFS
“Materials Technologies for Health & Hygiene” at the
52. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture on “Fuel ‘Second AP Science Congress’ organized by Andhra
$FMM 5FDIOPMPHZ &MFDUSJDBM &OHJOFFSJOH 1FSTQFDUJWF 1SBEFTI "DBEFNZ PG 4DJFODFT BU 7JKBZBXBEB EVSJOH
GPS .5FDI BOE #5FDI TUVEFOUT BU 7*5
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October 19, 2016. 65. Dr. L. Rama Krishna delivered a lecture on “Overview
53. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered an invited lecture on PG 4VSGBDF &OHJOFFSJOH PO "VUPNPUJWF $PNQPOFOUT
“Commercializing Intellectual Property (IP)” at the by Spray and Related Processes, Future Problems and
‘Workshop on Patent Drafting’ held at Centre for %JSFDUJPOTwBUUIFA*OEJBO*OTUJUVUFPG.FUBMT/BUJPOBM
International Cooperation in Sciences (CICS), Chennai .FUBMMVSHJTUT %BZ o"OOVBM 5FDIOJDBM .FFUJOH /.%
on October 20, 2016. "5.
IFMEBU**5
,BOQVSEVSJOH/PWFNCFS
54. Dr. P.K. Jain delivered an invited lecture on “Synthesis of 2016.
Functional Nanostructured Carbon Materials and their 66. Dr. Gururaj Telasang delivered an invited lecture on
7BSJPVT "QQMJDBUJPOTw BU UIFA/BUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO “Critical Analysis of Laser Metal Additive Manufacturing
&NFSHJOH#JP.BUFSJBMT /$&#
IFMEBU#IBSBUIJS 1SPDFTTw BU UIFA/.%"5. .JOJ4ZNQPTJVN PO
University, Coimbatore on October 20, 2016. Additive Manufacturing’ held at IIT, Kanpur during
55. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered an invited lecture on /PWFNCFS
“Applying Intellectual Property Development Indices 67. Dr. Dibyendu Chakravarty delivered an invited lecture
(IPDIs) to Materials R & D” at ARCI, Chennai on October POi%1PSPVT(SBQIFOFCZ-PX5FNQFSBUVSF1MBTNB
21, 2016. 8FMEJOH GPS #POF *NQMBOUTw BU UIF A/.%"5.
56. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered an invited lecture ‘Ultrafast Sintering Symposium’ held at IIT, Kanpur
on “ARCI and its IP Management Practices” at the EVSJOH/PWFNCFS
h$SFBUJWJUZ BOE *OOPWBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU 1SPHSBNNFh 68. Dr. G. Padmanabham delivered a lecture on “Laser
DPOEVDUFECZ&OHJOFFSJOH4UBò$PMMFHFPG*OEJB &4$*
based Joining of Some New Alloys / Dissimilar
at Hyderabad on October 25, 2016. $PNCJOBUJPOTwBUUIFh$**$POGFSFODFPO8FMEJOH
57. Dr. S. Sakthivel delivered an invited lecture on Welding Innovation, Challenges and Applications in
“Important Role of Functional Materials and Coatings India’ held at Mumbai on November 16, 2016.
GPS $PODFOUSBUFE 4PMBS 5IFSNBM 1PXFS $41
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"QQMJDBUJPOTw BU "NSJUB 7JTIXB 7JEZBQFFUIBN
i/BOPNBUFSJBMTCBTFE *OEJHFOPVT 5FDIOPMPHJFT
Coimbatore on October 26, 2016. IBOEMJOH 5PYJDPMPHZ $IBMMFOHFTw
BU $4*3*OEJBO
58. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on *OTUJUVUFPG5PYJDPMPHZ3FTFBSDIo*5$PSHBOJ[FE
i4DJFODFo5FDIOPMPHZ#VTJOFTT$IBJOwBOEi-FWFSBHJOH CZ*OEJBO*OTUJUVUFPG5PYJDPMPHZ3FTFBSDI
-VDLOPXPO
R & D Capability” at the ‘Management Development November 16, 2016.
1SPHSBNNF GPS *430 4DJFOUJTUT&OHJOFFST PSHBOJ[FE 70. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered lectures on “Innovation
by ASCI at ARCI, Hyderabad on November 03, 2016. Process Management in Organizations” and “Creating
59. Dr. Ravi Bathe delivered the keynote lecture on“Ultrafast B 4UBSUVQ CZ $PNNFSDJBMJ[JOH B 5FDIOPMPHZ GSPN B
Laser for Fabrications of Multifunctional Surfaces” 1VCMJDGVOEFE3%-BCwBUUIFA8PSLTIPQPO.BOBHJOH
BU UIF hUI *OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO "EWBODFT JO Innovation for Competitive Advantage’ held during
.BUFSJBMT.BUFSJBMT1SPDFTTJOH *$"..1*7
hIFMEBU /BUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO *OEVTUSJBM &OHJOFFSJOH BOE
**5
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5FDIOPMPHZ .BOBHFNFOU /$*&5.
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60. Dr. R. Subasri delivered an invited lecture on "Surface *OTUJUVUF PG *OEVTUSJBM &OHJOFFSJOH /*5*&
.VNCBJ
.PEJöDBUJPO VTJOH 4PM(FM )ZCSJE /BOPDPNQPTJUF EVSJOH/PWFNCFS
$PBUJOHTBUA*$"..1*7IFMEBU**5,IBSBHQVSEVSJOH 71. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered a keynote lecture
/PWFNCFS
PO i3% $PNNFSDJBMJ[BUJPO 0QQPSUVOJUJFT BOE
61. Dr. Joydip Joardar delivered an invited lecture on $IBMMFOHFTw BU A1BU 4JHIU"O *1 4ZNQPTJVN IFME BU
i4ZOUIFTJT PG %/BOPMBZFSFE .P42 and WS2” at Hyderabad on December 02, 2016.
A*$"..1*7 IFME BU **5
,IBSBHQVS EVSJOH /PWFNCFS 72. Dr. G.Padmanabham delivered a lecture on “Laser
#BTFE 4VSGBDF &OHJOFFSJOH GPS -JGF &OIBODFNFOU
62. Dr. Dibyendu Chakravarty delivered an invited lecture of Power Plant Components” at the ‘International
on “Nanostructured Materials for Structural and $POGFSFODFPO4VSGBDF&OHJOFFSJOHIFMEBU/FX%FMIJ
Functional Applications by Spark Plasma Sintering on December 03, 2016.
414
w BU A*$"..1*7 IFME BU **5
,IBSBHQVS EVSJOH 73. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered a lecture on
/PWFNCFS
“Technological Trends in Materials/Polymers” at the
114
Events, Data and Statistics
115
Events, Data and Statistics
%S #7 4BSBEB EFMJWFSFE BO JOWJUFE MFDUVSF PO 5IJO Course in Material Science’ held at Osmania University,
film Solar Photovoltaics and Concentrated Solar Hyderabad on February 15, 2017.
1PXFSBU.7(3$PMMFHFPG&OHJOFFSJOH7J[JBOBHBSBN 110. Dr. Srinivasan Anandan delivered an invited lecture on
on February 04, 2016. i%FWFMPQNFOU PG /BOPNBUFSJBMT GPS &OFSHZ 4UPSBHF
99. Dr. T.N. Rao delivered a keynote lecture on -J*PO#BUUFSJFTBOE4VQFS$BQBDJUPST
"QQMJDBUJPOwBUB
i/BOPNBUFSJBMTCBTFE 5FDIOPMPHJFT 5SBOTGPSNJOH h3FGSFTIFS$PVSTFJO.BUFSJBM4DJFODFIFMEBU0TNBOJB
-BCPSBUPSZ 3FTFBSDI UP 5FDIOPMPHZw
BU UIF hUI University, Hyderabad on February 15, 2017.
International Conference on Recent Advances in 111. Dr. P. Sudharshan Phani delivered an invited lecture
$PNQPTJUF.BUFSJBMThIFMEBU,-6OJWFSTJUZ
7JKBZBXBEB POi5IF .FDIBOJDBM 1SPQFSUZ /BOP *OEFOUBUJPO BOE
on February 06, 2017. )BSEOFTTw BU UIFA8PSLTIPQ PO 4VSGBDF &OHJOFFSJOH
100. Dr. G. Padmanabham delivered an invited lecture held at Pune on February 15, 2017.
PO i"EWBODFE $PNQPTJUFT GPS "FSPTQBDF o 4PNF 112. Dr. Y.S.Rao delivered an invited lecture on “Pressure
Developments at ARCI” at the ‘International Slip Casting of Alumina and Other Ceramics” at the
Conference on Advances in Composite Materials’ held ‘2nd international Conference on Alumina and Other
BU7JKBZBXBEBPO'FCSVBSZ
Functional Ceramics (AOFC 2017)’ held at Centre for
%S # 7 4BSBEB EFMJWFSFE BO JOWJUFE MFDUVSF PO Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkatta
"Materials for Solar Photovoltaics & Concentrated Solar EVSJOH'FCSVBSZ
Power" at a ‘Refresher Course in Material Sciences’ held 113. Dr. P.K. Jain delivered an invited lecture on “Advances
at Osmania University, Hyderabad during February in Nanotechnology and Carbon Nanotubes based
.BSDI
Composites” at the ‘Faculty Development Program’
%S 3BWJ #BUIF EFMJWFSFE BO FYQFSU MFDUVSF POi-BTFS held at Osmania University, Hyderabad on February
Materials Processing" at a ‘Refresher Course in Material 17, 2017.
Sciences’ held at Osmania University, Hyderabad 114. Dr. K.Ramya delivered an invited lecture on “An
EVSJOH'FCSVBSZ.BSDI
Overview of Development of Rechargeable Alkaline
%S:43BP EFMJWFSFE MFDUVSFT POi8IBU BSF $FSBNJDT ;JOD "JS #BUUFSZw BU UIFA*OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO
8IZUIFZBSF4P o"1IZTJDJTUhT"QQSPBDIPO$FSBNJDTw "EWBODFNFOUT JO 1PMZNFSJD .BUFSJBMTh IFME BU *OEJBO
BOEi5FDIOPMPHZ%FWFMPQNFOUJO"EWBODFE$FSBNJDT Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru during February
Few Case Studies” at the ‘Refresher Course on Materials
Science’ held at Osmania University, Hyderabad on 115. Dr. S. Sakthivel delivered a keynote lecture on
February 09, 2017. “Functional Coatings for Concentrated Solar Thermal
104. Dr. R. Subasri delivered an invited lecture on “Surface 1PXFS $41
17 "QQMJDBUJPOTw BU UIF A*OUFSOBUJPOBM
&OHJOFFSJOH VTJOH 4PM(FM /BOPDPNQPTJUF $PBUJOHT Workshop on Challenge and Issues in Development
Basic Principles and Applications” at a ‘Refresher PG%JTUSJCVUFE4PMBSBOE8JOE&OFSHZ4ZTUFN *$&4%
Course in Material Sciences’ held at Osmania University, IFME BU 5SJOJUZ $PMMFHF PG &OHJOFFSJOH BOE 3FTFBSDI
Hyderabad on February 10, 2017. 1VOFEVSJOH'FCSVBSZ
105. Dr. G. Sivakumar delivered an invited lecture on 116. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on
“Thermal Spray Coatings" at a ‘Refresher Course i.BUFSJBMT 5FDIOPMPHZ CBTFE &OUSFQSFOFVSTIJQw
on Materials Science’ held at Osmania University, and “Identification of Innovation Opportunities” at
Hyderabad on February 10, 2017. a ‘Refresher Course on Materials Science for Faculty
106. Mr. K.R.C.Soma Raju delivered an invited lecture on Members’ held at Osmania University, Hyderabad on
i4PM(FM %FSJWFE .VMUJ'VODUJPOBM /BOPDPNQPTJUF February 21, 2017.
Coatings for Transparent Plastics” at the ‘International 117. Dr. Malobika Karanjai delivered an invited lecture on
Conference on Advancements in Polymeric Materials “Newer Challenges in High Density PM Parts” at an
"1.
IFMEBU#FOHBMVSVEVSJOH'FCSVBSZ
‘International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and
2017. Particulate Materials (PM17)’ held at New Delhi during
107. Dr. Neha Hebalkar delivered an invited lecture on 'FCSVBSZ
i4FNJDPOEVDUPS /BOPQBSUJDMFT 4ZOUIFTJT
1SPQFSUJFT 118. Dr. Malobika Karanjai delivered an invited lecture on
and Applications” at a ‘Refresher Course in Material “Hot Consolidation and Hot Isostatic Pressing” at the
Science’ held at Osmania University, Hyderabad on ‘Special Session on Business Opportunities at PM 17’
February 14, 2017. held at New Delhi on February 23, 2017.
108. Dr. G.Ravichandra delivered an invited guest lecture 119. Dr. R. Gopalan delivered an invited lecture on “Key High
PO i$IBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG .BUFSJBMTw BU B h3FGSFTIFS Performing Materials for Automotive Applications” at
Course in Material Science’ held at Osmania University, the IIM foundation day held at PSG College, Coimbatore
Hyderabad on February 14, 2017. February 24, 2017.
%S &BTXBSBNPPSUIJ 3BNBTBNZ EFMJWFSFE BO JOWJUFE 120. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures
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116
Events, Data and Statistics
117
Events, Data and Statistics
118
Events, Data and Statistics
19. Mr. A. Arjuna Rao (Dr. S. Kumar) made a poster ‘International Conference on Advances in Functional
presentation on “Comprehensive Study on the Materials’ held at Anna University, Chennai during
Deposition Behavior, Wear and Corrosion Performance +BOVBSZ
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29. Mr. Ravi Gautam (Dr. R. Gopalan) presented a paper
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20. Mr. M.Coumarane (Dr. N. Rajalakshmi) presented a paper *$."(."
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21. Mr. Das S. Sarkar (Dr.Malobika Karanjai) presented a paper %PQJOH BU *$."(." IFME BU )ZEFSBCBE EVSJOH
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India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research &BSUI %PQBOUT -B
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BOE %FWFMPQNFOU PG )PMF$POEVDUPS 'SFF "NCJFOU 32. Dr. D. Prabhu made a poster presentation on “Magnetic
1SPDFTTFE.JYFE)BMJEF1FSPWTLJUF4PMBS$FMMTwBUUIFAOE Graphene/Chitosan Nanocomposite for the Removal
*OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO 4PMBS &OFSHZ 1IPUPWPMUBJD PG /BQUIPM GSPN "RVFPVT 4PMVUJPO "ETPSQUJPO BOE
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2016. 'FCSVBSZ
24. Dr. P. Uday Bhaskar (Dr. Sanjay R. Dhage) presented a 34. Dr. D. Prabhu made a poster presentation on “Magnetic
paper on “Development of CBD CdS Buffer Layer on 300 BOE .JDSPTUSVDUVSBM 4UVEJFT PO 1PXEFS &YUSVEFE 4PGU
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25. Mr. Brijesh Singh Yadav (Dr. Sanjay R. Dhage) made
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Transparent Plastics" at the ‘International Conference on
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Layer by Inkjet Printing for Photovoltaic Application” at
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36. Mr. Das, S. Sarkar, (Dr. Malobika Karanjai) presented a
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26. Mr. S. Harish (Dr. R. Gopalan) made a poster presentation
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on "A Novel Synthesis Method for Tetrahedrite
34. "QQSPBDIw BU UIF hSE "OOVBM 5FDIOJDBM .FFU
for Thermoelectric Generator Application" at the
International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and
‘International Symposium for Research Scholars on
Particulate Materials (PM17)’ held at New Delhi during
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27. Mr. Sanyam Jain (Dr. P.H. Borse) made a poster 37. Ms. S. Menakshi and N.Rajalakshmi presented a paper
presentation on “Spray Pyrolysis Deposition of Tin Sulfide PO 0QFSBUJPOBM FYQFSJFODF PG 1&.'$ TUBDL XJUI
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119
Events, Data and Statistics
120
Events, Data and Statistics
16. Dr. R.Balaji, Mr. N. Srinivas and Mr. Harigopi attended .S57FOV BOE .T 3BNCIB 4JOHI BUUFOEFE UIFA4IPSU
B h$POGFSFODF &YIJCJUJPO %*(*5&$)."/ o Term Translation Training Course’ held at Hyderabad
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17. Dr. S. Kumar, Mr. Naveen M. Chavan and Dr. K. Suresh Business 2016’ held at Hyderabad on December 09, 2016.
BUUFOEFE UIFA*OUFSOBUJPOBM 8PSLTIPQ PO )JHI &OUSPQZ 13. Dr. S. Sakthivel and Dr. Ravi N Bathe attended a training
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by Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI), Hyderabad
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Technology and Innovation Policy’ held at NIAS, Bengaluru 14. Dr. K. Suresh and Dr K.Ramya, attended a training
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19. Mr. A. Srinivas attended a ‘Seminar on RTI Act, 2005’ held
15. Dr. P.K. Jain has attended a Course on ‘Innovation in
at New Delhi on March 27, 2017.
Technology Management’ held at ASCI, Hyderabad
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programme on Monitoring and Prevention of Industrial )ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH'FCSVBSZ
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4. Dr. S. Kumar, Dr. Gururaj Telasang, Mr. Naveen M. Chavan
and Ms. K. Divya participated in the ‘Toptech Program 20. Mr. K. Srinivasa Rao, Mr. Anirban Battacharjee, Mr. G.M.
Course on Aerospace Standard Practices’ held at 3BK,VNBS
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Chennai on July 15, 2016. %S1,+BJO
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7. Mr. G. Ramesh Reddy attended the training Programme +PBSEBS
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Dr. Kaliyan Hembram, Dr. K. Murugan, Dr. Dulal Chandra
.S"4SJOJWBTBUUFOEFEUIFUSBJOJOH4FTTJPOGPSh"MJHOJOH Jana, Dr. M. Buchi Suresh, Ms. S. Nirmala, Mr. R. Senthil
the Public Authorities under Department of Science & ,VNBS
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Technology with the RTI Online Portal of DoPT’ held at Mr. Prasenjit Barick, Ms. Papiya Biswas, Mr. S. Arun and Mr.
New Delhi on November 18, 2016. 1BOEV3BNBWBUIBUUFOEFEUIFUXPEBZ*OIPVTFUSBJOJOH
QSPHSBNNFPOh-FBEFSTIJQ&YDFMMFODFUISPVHI&òFDUJWF
9. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi and Ms. Priya Anish Mathews attended
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Management for Women Scientists/Technologists’ held
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10. Dr. R. Subasri and Mr D.S. Reddy attended the all
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121
Patents' Portfolio
Patents’ Portfolio
National Patents Granted
Patent
Sl. Patent Date of Date of
Title of Patent Application
No. Number Grant Filing
Number
1. A Solar Drier 184674 23/09/2000 487/ 08/06/1994
MAS/1994
2. A Solar Cooker 184675 25/05/2001 498/ 13/06/1994
MAS/1994
3. An Indirect Heated Catalytic Converter for use with 185433 10/08/2001 809/ 25/08/1994
7FIJDMFT MAS/1994
4. A Process for the Preparation of Short Ceramic Fibres 186751 07/06/2002 537/ 20/05/1994
MAS/1994
5. "1SPDFTTPG1SPEVDJOH$IFNJDBMMZ5SFBUFE&YQBOEFE 187654 05/12/2002 562/ 07/06/1995
Graphite and a Device having Such Graphite MAS/1994
6. A Process for Preparation of Reaction Bonded Silicon 195429 31/08/2006 1886/ 28/10/1996
Carbide Components MAS/1996
7. New Composite Material Having Good Shock 194524 02/01/2006 976/ 06/05/1998
Attenuating Properties and a process for the Preparation MAS/1998
of Said Material
8. Improved Process for the Preparation of Magnesium 200272 02/05/2006 29/ 07/01/1999
Aluminate Spinel Grains MAS/1999
9. $FSBNJD)POFZ$PNC#BTFE&OFSHZ&óDJFOU"JS)FBUFS 200787 02/06/2006 30/ 07/01/1999
MAS/1999
10. A Process for the Preparation of Improved Alumina 198068 16/02/2006 122/ 18/02/2000
Based Abrasive Material, an Additive Composition and a MAS/2000
Process for the Preparation of the Composition
11. A Process for the Production of Dense Magnesium 198208 16/02/2006 520/ 06/07/2000
Aluminate Spinel Grains MAS/2000
13. Device for Gas Dynamic Deposition of Powder Materials 198651 25/01/2006 944/ 22/11/2001
MAS/2001
14. "O&WBQPSBUJPO#PBUVTFGVMGPS.FUBMMJ[BUJPOBOEB 201511 01/03/2007 882/ 31/10/2003
Process for the Preparation of Such Boats $)&
15. 1SPDFTTGPS$BSCPUIFSNJD3FEVDUJPOPG*SPO0YJEFJOBO 205728 16/04/2007 546/ 01/07/2003
*NNJTDJCMF'MPXXJUI$POTUBOU%FTDFOUJO7FSUJDBM3FUPSU $)&
of Silicon Carbide
16. A Process for Preparing Ceramic Crucibles 207700 20/06/2007 806/ 26/09/2000
MAS/2000
17. A Process for Forming Coatings on Metallic Bodies and 209817 06/09/2007 945/ 22/11/2001
an Apparatus for Carrying out the Process MAS/2001
18. A Method and a Device for Applying a Protective Carbon 211922 13/11/2007 719/ 08/07/1999
Coating on Metallic Surfaces MAS/1999
19. An Improved Boronizing Composition 220370 27/05/2008 289/ 03/04/2001
MAS/2001
122
Patents' Portfolio
Patent
Sl. Patent Date of Date of
Title of Patent Application
No. Number Grant Filing
Number
20. Titanium Based Biocomposite Material useful for 228353 03/02/2009 2490/ 14/09/2005
Orthopaedic and other Implants and a Process for its %&-
Preparation
21. An Improved Method of Forming Holes on a Substrate 239647 29/03/2010 3205/ 29/11/2005
using Laser Beams %&-
22. A Method of and an Apparatus for Continuous 247547 19/04/2011 670/ 30/03/2007
Humidification of Hydrogen Delivered to Fuel Cells $)&
23. An Improved Process for the Preparation of Doped 254913 03/01/2013 1669/ 20/07/2006
;JOD0YJEF/BOPQPXEFSVTFGVMGPSUIF1SFQBSBUJPOPG %&-
7BSJTUPST
24. A Device for Controlling the On & Off Time of the Metal 262189 05/08/2014 1610/ 21/06/2005
0YJEF4FNJ$POEVDUPS'JFME&òFDU5SBOTJTUPS .04'&5
%&-
A Device for Spark Coating the Surfaces of Metal
Workpiece Incorporating the said Control Device and a
Method of Coating Metal Surfaces using the said Device
25. An Improved Catalyst Ink useful for Preparing Gas 277778 30/11/2016 680/ 18/03/2008
%JòVTJPO&MFDUSPEFBOEBO*NQSPWFE1&.'VFM$FMM %&-
07. An Improved Method for the Generation of Hydrogen from a Metal %&- 23/05/2007
Borohydride and a Device Therfor
08. Improved Cylindrical Magnetron Cathode and a Process for Depositing %&- 03/01/2008
Thin Films on Surfaces using the said Cathode
09. *NQSPWFE&MFDUSPEF.FNCSBOF"TTFNCMZBOEB.FUIPEPG.BLJOHUIF %&- 13/03/2008
Assembly
10. A Process for Continuous Coating Deposition and an Apparatus for %&- 01/08/2008
Carrying out the Process
11. "O*NQSPWFE(BT'MPX'JFME1MBUFGPSVTFJO1PMZNFS&MFDUSPMZUF %&- 13/10/2008
.FNCSBOF'VFM$FMMT 1&.'$
12. Improved Method of Producing Highly Stable Aqueous Nano Titania %&- 09/04/2009
Suspension
123
Patents' Portfolio
17. Improved Process for the Preparation of Stable Suspension of Nano Silver %&- 04/08/2010
Particles having Antibacterial Activity
18. Improved Method for Producing Carbon Containing Silica Aerogel %&- 08/10/2010
Granules
19. Improved Scratch and Abrasion Resistant Compositions for Coating %&- 12/10/2010
Plastic Surfaces, a Process for their Preparation and a Process for Coating
using the Compositions
20. An Improved Method for Producing ZnO Nanorods %&- 19/11/2010
21. *NQSPWFE1SPDFTTGPSUIF1SFQBSBUJPOPG#J'VODUJPOBM4JMJDB1BSUJDMFT %&- 22/12/2010
useful for Antibacterial and Self Cleaning Surfaces
22. An Improved Method of Preparing Porous Silicon Compacts %&- 31/03/2011
23. An Improved Process for Preparation of Nanosilver Coated Ceramic %&- 28/04/2011
Candle Filter
24. An Improved Abrasion Resistant and Hydrophobic Composition for %&- 02/05/2011
Coating Plastic Surfaces and a Process for its Preparation
25. An Improved Method for Making Sintered Polycrystalline Transparent %&- 10/05/2011
4VC.JDSPO"MVNJOB"SUJDMF
26. An Improved Hybrid Methodology for Producing Composite Multilayered %&- 17/10/2011
and Graded Coatings by Plasma Spraying Utilizing Powder and Solution
Precursor Feedstock
27. An Improved Composition for Solar Selective Coatings on Metallic %&- 22/11/ 2011
Surfaces and a Process for its Preparation and a Process for Coating using
the Composition
28. "1SPDFTTBOEB.VMUJ1JTUPO)PU1SFTTGPS1SPEVDJOH1PXEFS.FUBMMVSHZ %&- 28/12/ 2011
Component, such as Cerametallic Friction Composite
29. A novel Process for Produced IR Transparent Polycrystalline Alumina %&- 08/02/2012
Article and the Article so Produced
30. A Process for Preparing Nanocrystalline Olivine Structure Transition Metal %&- 14/02/2012
Phosphate Material
31. An Improved Aqueous Method for Producing Transparent Aluminium %&- 08/05/2012
0YZ/JUSJEF "-0/
"SUJDMFT
32. A Device for and A Method of Cooling Fuel Cells %&- 08/05/2012
33. An Improved Solar Selective Multilayer Coating and a Method of %&- 22/05/2012
Depositing the Same
34. A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Tungsten Disulphide Nanosheets %&- 04/06/2012
124
Patents' Portfolio
125
Patents' Portfolio
126
Patents' Portfolio Patents' Portfolio
127
Publications
128
Publications
1 #JTXBT
13BNBWBUI
3 +PIOTPO BOE ,73BWJ
30. Sanju Rani, P.H. Borse, A.Pareek, N.Rajalakshmi, and
“Fabrication of IR Transparent Zinc Sulphide Plate by ,4 %IBUIBUISFZBO
i1IPUP$VSSFOU &OIBODFNFOU JO
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*OEJBO+PVSOBMPG Carbon Quantum Dots Functionalized Titania Nanotube
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i1FSGPSNBODF "OBMZTJT PG 1PMZNFS &MFDUSPMZUF 31. Rahman, N.P. Wasekar, G. Sundararajan and A. K. Keshri
.FNCSBOF 1&.
'VFM $FMM 4UBDL 0QFSBUFE VOEFS i&YQFSJNFOUBM *OWFTUJHBUJPO PG (SBJO #PVOEBSJFT
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+PVSOBM PG .BSJOF Misorientations and Nano Twinning Induced
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Lattice Thermal Conductivity Reduction in CoSb3 2016.
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42. N.P. Wasekar, P.Haridoss, S.K. Seshadri and G. 53. P. Barick, Dibyendu Chakravarty, B.P. Saha, R. Mitra
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“Characterization of Thermal Barrier Coatings Produced 60. A. Pareek, P. Pradip and PH Borse, “Stable Hydrogen
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Mahalingam, “High Power Diode Laser Surface Melting &MFDUSPMZTJT o &òFDU PG $PNQMFYJOH "HFOUw
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Lee, K. J. Kong, H. Lee and J. H. Park, “An Order/Disorder/ of 7075 Aluminum Alloy", International Journal of
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135
Awards and Honours
Articles
1. R. Gopalan and M. Battabyal “Nanostructured
Thermoelectric Materials for Automotive Waste Heat
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136
Awards and Honours
137
Personnel
PERSONNEL
(as on March 31, 2017)
DIRECTOR Ms. S Nirmala, Scientist ‘D’
R Senthil Kumar, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. G Padmanabham (from 07/10/2016) Dr. P Suresh Babu, Scientist ‘D’
<%JSFDUPSJODIBSHFVQUP> Dr. Srinivasan Anandan, Scientist ‘D’
S Sudhakara Sarma, Scientist ‘D’
ASSOCIATE DIRECTORS %S3&BTXBSBNPPSUIJ
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Dr. S Kumar, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. Raghavan Gopalan
Ms. Priya Anish Mathews, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. Tata Narasinga Rao
Prasenjit Barick, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. Roy Johnson (from 07/10/2016) Manish Tak, Scientist ‘D’
Naveen Manhar Chavan, Scientist ‘D’
SCIENTISTS M Ramakrishna, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. Roy Johnson, Scientist ‘G’ (upto 0610/2016) Balaji Padya, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. G Ravi Chandra, Scientist ‘F’ Ms. Papiya Biswas, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. Pawan Kumar Jain, Scientist ‘F’ Dr. Gururaj Telasang, Scientist ‘D’
D Srinivasa Rao, Scientist ‘F’ 37JKBZB$IBOEBS
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Dr. N. Rajalakshmi, Senior Scientist Pandu Ramavath, Scientist ‘D’
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4DJFOUJTUA' Ms. J Revathi, Scientist ‘D’
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4DJFOUJTUA' Arun Seetharaman, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. R Subasri, Scientist ‘F’ Dr. M. B. Sahana, Scientist
Dr. Bhaskar Prasad Saha, Scientist ‘F’ Dr. D. Prabhu, Scientist ‘C’
Dr. Pramod H Borse, Scientist ‘F’ Dr. R. Balaji, Scientist
Dr. L Rama Krishna, Scientist ‘F’ Dr. Sathiya Mariyappan, Scientist (upto 09/08/2016)
Dr. Y Srinivasa Rao, Scientist ‘F’ -7FOLBUFTI
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Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj, Scientist ‘F’ Ms. K. Divya, Scientist ‘B’
Dr. S Sakthivel, Scientist ‘F’
TECHNICAL OFFICERS
N Ravi, Scientist ‘F’
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Dr. Kaliyan Hembram, Scientist ‘D’ "34SJOJWBT
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Dr. K Murugan, Scientist ‘D’ &"OCV3BTV
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Dr. Dulal Chandra Jana, Scientist ‘D’ 44BOLBS(BOFTI
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Dr. M Buchi Suresh, Scientist ‘D’ 1774SJOJWBT
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138
Personnel
139
Personnel
140
Financial Report
Financial Report
Auditor’s Responsibility:
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accordance with the Standards of Auditing issued by the Institute of Charted Accountants of India. Those Standards require that
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to obtain audit evidence about the amount of disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the
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to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the society’s preparation
and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances,
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evaluating the appropriateness of the accounting policies used and the reasonableness of the accounting estimates made by
the Management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.
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Opinion:
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UIFBGPSFTBJEöOBODJBMTUBUFNFOUT
of the society for the year ended March 31, 2017 are prepared in all material aspects, in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) and the significant accounting policies stated in Note 24 to the Financial Statements.
Other Matters:
a) In our opinion, proper books of accounts as required by the law have been by kept the society so far as it appears from our
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report are in agreement with the books of accounts.
4E
For ANANT RAO & MALLIK V ANANT RAO
Chartered Accountants Partner
'JSNhT3FHJTUSBUJPO/P4 Membership No. 022644
142
FORM OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS)
ARC INTERNATIONAL FUND (OPERATIONAL) BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31.03.2017
(Amount in Rs.)
GRANTS-IN-AID: FUND AND LIABILITIES SCHEDULE CURRENT YEAR PREVIOUS YEAR
(3"/54*/"*% 1 1564305484 1524931888
3&4&37&4"/%4631-64 2 6304121 0
&"3."3,&%&/%08.&/5'6/%4 3 0 0
4&$63&%-0"/4"/%#03308*/(4 4 0 0
6/4&$63&%-0"/4"/%#03308*/(4 5 0 0
%&'&33&%$3&%*5-*"#*-*5*&4 6 0 0
$633&/5-*"#*-*5*&4"/%1307*4*0/4 7 211910004 173355512
TOTAL 1782519609 1698287400
ASSETS
'*9&%"44&54 8 1259419269 1277610988
*/7&45.&/54'30.&"3."3,&%&/%08.&/5'6/% 9 0 0
*/7&45.&/5405)&34 10 0 0
$633&/5"44&54
-0"/4
"%7"/$&4&5$ 11 523100340 420676412
.*4$&--"/&064&91&/%*563&
0 0
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4E 4E
R. Vijay Kumar Dr. G Padmanabham
"41&30633&10350'&7&/%"5& Chief 'JOBODF"DDPVOUT0óDFS Director
for M/s. ANANT RAO & MALLIK
Chartered Accountants
Firm Registration No. 006266S
4E
V Anant Rao %BUF
Partner, Membership No. 022644 1MBDF)ZEFSBCBE
143
Financial Report
144
FORM OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS)
Financial Report
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT OF ARC INTERNATIONAL FUND (OPERATIONAL) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31.03.2017
(Amount in Rs.)
SCHEDULE CURRENT YEAR PREVIOUS YEAR
INCOME
Income from Sales/Services 12 0 0
Grants/Subsidies 13 547900000 0
Fees/Subscriptions 14 0 0
Income from Investments 15 0 0
(Income on Investments from earmarked/endowment funds)
Income from Royalty, Publications etc. 16 0 0
*OUFSFTU&BSOFE 17 23918545 18597198
Other Income 18 13116722 26272201
*ODSFBTF EFDSFBTF
JOTUPDLPGöOJTIFEHPPETBOEXPSLJOQSPHSFTT 19 0 0
TOTAL (A) 584935267 44869399
EXPENDITURE
&TUBCMJTINFOU&YQFOTFT 20 250081534 238492376
0UIFS&YQFOTFT 21 152852655 153316236
&YQFOEJUVSFPO(SBOUT4VCTJEJFT 22 2755984 650171
Interest 23 0 0
%FQSFDJBUJPO /FU5PUBMBUUIFZFBSFOEDPSSFTQPOEJOHUP4DIFEVMF
139871497 138519195
-FTT5SBOTGFSSFEUP(SBOUTJO"JE 138519195
TOTAL (B) 545561670 392458783
#BMBODFCFJOHFYDFTTPG*ODPNFPWFS&YQFOEJUVSF "#
39373597
Transfer to Special Reserve [specify each]
Transfer to/from General Reserve
#"-"/$&CFJOH&YDFTTPG&YQFOEJUVSFPWFS*ODPNF5SBOTGFSUP(SBOUTJO"JE 39373597
4*(/*'*$"/5"$$06/5*/(10-*$*&4 24
$0/5*/(&/5-*"#*-*5*&4"/%/05&40/"$$06/54 25
2. (1) Grants:
(a) Grants are recognized on receipt.
(b) Grants received from Department of Science & Technology (DST) are treated as Income.
D
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these grants.
(d) Grants received from DST and earmarked for special projects by ARCI are grouped under Sponsored Project Fund.
(2) Reserves & Surpluses:
(a) Net Surplus / Deficit generated from Technology Demonstration & Transfer Fund ( TDT Fund) are appropriated as
VOEFS
50% Transferred to ARCI Operational Fund & Balance 50% Remains in TDT Fund
3. Fixed Assets:
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installation of asset.
5. Revenue Recognition:
Grants are recognized on cash basis. Interest income from bank balances/deposit is recognized on accrual basis.
8. Retirement Benefits:
Contributions to Provident Fund and New Pension Scheme (Defined Contribution Plans) are charged to income and
FYQFOEJUVSFBDDPVOUBTQFSBQQMJDBCMFSVMFTTUBUVUFT1SPWJTJPOUPXBSETHSBUVJUZBOEMFBWFFODBTINFOU %FöOFECFOFöU
1MBO
JTNBEFPOBDUVBSJBMWBMVBUJPODBSSJFEPVUCZ-JGF*OTVSBODF$PSQPSBUJPOPG*OEJBBTTUBUFEJO"4 3FWJTFE
oi"DDPVOUJOHGPS3FUJSFNFOU#FOFöUTw5IF4PDJFUZIBTDPWFSFEJUTHSBUVJUZBOEMFBWFFODBTINFOUMJBCJMJUZXJUI-JGF
Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and contributions are made to LIC on yearly basis.
145
Financial Report
$POUJOHFOU -JBCJMJUJFT -FUUFST PG $SFEJU PVUTUBOEJOH XJUI #BOL 3T
1SFWJPVT ZFBS 3T
GVMMZGVOEFEUISPVHI-$NBSHJONPOFZJOUIFGPSNPGöYFEEFQPTJUT
3. Advances on capital accounts (Schedule 11) include advances to Hyderabad Metro Water Supply and
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3T
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inter alia to the Society. This is an advance payment to Hyderabad Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board
).844#
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4E 4E
R. Vijay Kumar Dr. G Padmanabham
Chief 'JOBODF"DDPVOUT0óDFS Director
"41&30633&10350'&7&/%"5&
for M/s. ANANT RAO & MALLIK
Chartered Accountants
Firm Registration No. 006266S
4E
V Anant Rao
Partner, Membership No. 022644
%BUF
1MBDF)ZEFSBCBE
146
FORM OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS)
RECEIPTS AND PAYMENT ACCOUNT OF ARC INTERNATIONAL FUND (OPERATIONAL) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31.03.2017
(Amount in Rs.)
RECEIPTS CURRENT YEAR PREVIOUS YEAR PAYMENTS CURRENT YEAR PREVIOUS YEAR
I. Opening Balances I. Expenses
a. Cash in hand 78831 29419 B&TUBCMJTINFOUFYQFOTFT 217440172 201032602
b. Bank Balances C0UIFSFYQFOTFT 156199143 154534822
i) In Current accounts 0 0
ii) In Deposit accounts 0 0 5PUBM&YQFOTFT 373639315 355567424
iii) Savings accounts 62613 228387
5PUBM0QFOJOH#BMBODFT 141444 257806
147
Financial Report
148
7**Any Other Receipts 7**Other Payments
Financial Report
4E 4E
R. Vijay Kumar Dr. G Padmanabham
"41&30633&10350'&7&/%"5& Chief 'JOBODF"DDPVOUT0óDFS Director
for M/s. ANANT RAO & MALLIK
Chartered Accountants
Firm Registration No. 006266S
4E
V Anant Rao %BUF
Partner, Membership No. 022644 1MBDF)ZEFSBCBE
OUR COLLABORATORS
FOREIGN
Applied Materials, USA
Advanced Mechanical Optical System
ADAMA Makhteshim Ltd., Israel
ADAMA Agan Ltd., Israel
Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radio Electronics
Corning Incorporated, USA
DesignTech Systems Limited
Fraunhofer Institutions, Germany
Hoganas AB, Sweden
Industrial Materials Institute of National Research Council of Canada (NRC-IMI), Canada
Institute for Problems of Materials Science (IPMS), Ukraine
International Centre for Electron Beam Technologies, Ukraine
Li-ion Technologies Limited, Russia
MPA Industrie, France
EDITORIAL BOARD
Nanomechanics, USA Dr. G. Padmanabham (Chairman)
REOSC, France Dr. R Gopalan
SLM Solutions Singapore Pvt. Ltd. Dr. T Narasinga Rao
The Boeing Company, USA Dr. Roy Johnson
Toda Kogyo Corp., Japan
Zoz GmbH, Germany
Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj
Mr. Seetharaman Arun
INDIAN Mrs. N. Aparna Rao
ABB India Limited
Advanced Surface Finishing Labs
Andhra University Indian Oil Corporation Limited
Bharat Electronics Limited Infinity Microsystems ADDRESS
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Larsen and Toubro
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre LED India Pvt. Ltd. International Advanced Research Centre
for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials
Bharat Forge Limited MMI India Pvt. Ltd
(ARCI)
Blue Fox Aerogel Development and Applications Midwest Granite Pvt. Ltd.
Balapur Post
LLP National Institute of Technology-Warangal
Hyderabad - 500 005, Telangana, India
Central Scientific Instruments Organization National Institute of Technology- Phone: +91-40-24452200, 24452500
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Thiruchirapalli
Fax: +91-40-24442699, 24443168
Technology National Institute of Technology- Nagpur E-mail: info@arci.res.in
Cyient Ltd. National Engineering Industries Ltd. URL: http://www.arci.res.in
Defense Research and Development Organization Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited
Godrej and Boyce Mfg. Co. National Research and Development Delhi Cell
Global Medical Education and Research Corporation Plot No. 102, Institutional Area
Foundation Osmania University Sector - 44
Geometrix Laser Solutions (P) Ltd. Phasetron Engineers India (P) Limited Gurgaon 122 003, Haryana, India
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Resil Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Phone: +91-124-2570215
Hi-Tech Industries Scitech Patent Art Services Pvt. Ltd. Fax: +91-124-2570218
Hulikkal Electro (India) Pvt. Ltd. Saint Gobain Ceramics and Plastics Pvt. Ltd.
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
Chennai Cell
Sai Surface Coating Technologies
Indian Airforce Centre for Automotive Energy Materials &
Tata Steel Limited
Indian Space Research Organization Centre for Fuel Cell Technology
TVS Lucas
IIT-M Research Park, Phase-1
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Technoconfluence Intelligent Engineering 2nd Floor, Section B1
Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
TS No. 2D, F Block
Indian Institute of Technology-Madras TVS Motor Company Limited 6 Kanagam Road, Taramani
Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur University of Hyderabad Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India
Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur Unique Enterprises Phone: +91-44-66632700/723/803
Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad Wipro Enterprises (P) Ltd. Fax: +91-44-66632702
INTERNATIONAL ADVANCED RESEARCH CENTRE
FOR POWDER METALLURGY AND NEW MATERIALS (ARCI)
Balapur P.O., Hyderabad - 500005, INDIA
Tel: 0091-40-24443167, 24452200, 24452500; Fax: 0091-40-24442699, 24443168
Email: info@arci.res.in; URL: http://www.arci.res.in