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ARCI
ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17
ARCI is an Autonomous R&D
Centre of Department of
Science and Technology (DST),
Government of India, set-up with
a mission to develop unique,
novel and techno-commercially
viable technologies in the area
of advanced materials and
subsequently transfer them to
industries.

CONTENTS
Director’s Report ..... v
THRUST AREAS Centre for Automotive Energy Materials (CAEM) ..... 2
Centre for Solar Energy Materials (CSEM) ..... 14
Centre for Nanomaterials (CNM) ..... 24
Nanomaterials Centre for Engineered Coatings (CEC) ..... 36
Centre for Ceramic Processing (CCP) ..... 47
Engineered Coatings Centre for Laser Processing of Materials (CLPM) ..... 53
Centre for Fuel Cell Technology (CFCT) ..... 59
Centre for Non-Oxide Ceramics (CNOC) ..... 65
Ceramic Processing
Centre for Carbon Materials (CCM) ..... 69
Centre for Sol-Gel Coatings (CSOL) ..... 72
Laser Materials Processing Centre for Material Characterization and Testing (CMCT) ..... 77
Project ‘Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience
and Technology (CKMNT)’ ..... 82
Fuel Cells Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and
International Cooperation (CTATIC) ..... 83
Sol-Gel Coatings Support Groups ..... 90
Events, Data and Statistics ..... 96
Patents’ Portfolio ..... 122
Solar Energy Materials Publications ..... 128
Personnel ..... 138
Automotive Energy Materials Financial Report ..... 141
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
GOVERNING COUNCIL
DIRECTOR
Chairman TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUPS
Dr. G. Padmanabham
Prof. P. Rama Rao (Director-in-charge till 06/10/2016)
Former Secretary, DST, Govt. of India

ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
Dr. Roy Johnson
Dr. R. Gopalan Dr. Tata Narasinga Rao
(from 07/10/2016)

Centre for Automotive Energy Materials Centre for Solar Energy Materials

Centre for Nanomaterials


Centre for Engineered Coatings

Centre for Ceramic Processing Centre for Laser Processing of Materials

Centre for Fuel Cell Technology


Centre for Non-Oxide Ceramics

Centre for Carbon Materials


Centre for Sol-Gel Coatings

Centre for Materials Characterization


and Testing Centre for Technology Acquisition,
Transfer and International Cooperation

Centre for Knowledge Management


of Nanoscience and Technology
Electronics and Instrumentation

Electrical and Civil Maintenance


Technical Information Centre

Information Technology Centre


Human Resource Development

Administration and Personnel Finance and Accounts

Purchase and Inventory Delhi Cell and Patent Facilitation

Motor Transport Security and Fire

i
International Advanced Research Centre
for Powder Metallurgy & New Materials (ARCI)
Governing Council (as on March 31, 2017)

Professor P. Rama Rao (Chairman) Shri J. B. Mohapatra, IRS


Former Secretary Joint Secretary & Financial Adviser
Department of Science and Technology Department of Science & Technology

Professor Ashutosh Sharma Dr. Arabinda Mitra


Secretary Head, International Division
Department of Science and Technology Department of Science & Technology

Dr. Baldev Raj Member Secretary


Director
National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS) Dr. G. Padmanabham
Director, ARCI
Dr. Samir V Kamat
OS & Director
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory

Shri M. Narayana Rao


Former Chairman and Managing Director
Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited

Professor V. Ramgopal Rao


Director
Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi

iiii
International Advanced Research Centre
for Powder Metallurgy & New Materials (ARCI)
Technical Advisory Groups (as on March 31, 2017)
Chairman and Members of Technical Advisory Group (TAG) of each Centre of Excellence

Centre for Automotive Energy Materials Prof. D. Bahadur


Department of Metallurgical Engineering
Dr. R. Muralidharan (Chairman) Indian Institute of Technology - Bombay
Visiting Professor, Centre for Nano Science and Engineering
(CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru Centre for Engineered Coatings
Prof. S. Ram Prof. A. Subrahmanyam (Chairman)
Professor - Materials Science Centre Department of Physics
Indian Institute of Technology - Kharagpur Indian Institute of Technology - Madras
Shri K. R. A. Nair Dr. Harish Barshilia
Executive Director – Development Chief Scientist and Head-Surface Engineering Division
Lucas-TVS Limited, Chennai National Aerospace Laboratories, Bengaluru
Dr. R. Ranganathan Dr. S. K. Seshadri
Senior Professor Emeritus Professor
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata Department of Metallurgical Engineering & Materials Science
Shri K. Umesh Indian Institute of Technology - Madras
President, MTS Testing Solutions India Pvt. Ltd.
Dr. P. V. Ananthapadmanabhan
(A Part of MTS System Corporation-US), Chennai
Former OS & Head, Laser & Plasma Technology Division
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
Centre for Solar Energy Materials
Dr. Subrato Mukherjee
Prof. R. O. Dusane (Chairman) Head-FCIPT Division
Professor-Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering & Materials Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar
Science, Indian Institute of Technology - Bombay
Centre for Ceramic Processing &
Prof. Pradip Dutta
Centre for Non-Oxide Ceramics
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru Prof. Vikram Jayaram (Chairman)
Chairman - Department of Materials Engineering
Prof. Amlan J. Pal
Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
Head - Department of Solid State Physics
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata Dr. H.S. Maiti
Dr. M. Chandrasekharam INAE Distinguished Professor & Visiting Professor
Principal Scientist-Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division Department of Ceramic Engineering
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad National Institute of Technology, Rourkela

Prof. L.M. Manocha


Centre for Nanomaterials & Former Head, Department of Materials Science
Centre for Carbon Materials Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar

Prof. Ashok K. Ganguli (Chairman) Prof. Parag Bhargava


Director Department of Metallurgical Engineering & Materials Science
Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Mohali Indian Institute of Technology - Bombay

Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu Dr. M. Vijaykumar


Head-Alternative Energy & Nanotechnology Laboratory Scientist-G (Retd.)
(AENL), Department of Physics Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Technology - Madras
Centre for Laser Processing of Materials
Prof. G. U. Kulkarni
Director Prof. Indranil Manna (Chairman)
Centre for Soft Matter and Nanomaterials Director
Bengaluru Indian Institute of Technology - Kanpur

iii
Dr. G. Madhusudan Reddy Centre for Materials Characterization and Testing
OS & Group Head, Metal Joining Group
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory Prof. Indradev Samajdar (Chairman)
Hyderabad Department of Metallurgical Engineering & Materials Science
Indian Institute of Technology - Bombay
Prof. Ashish Kumar Nath
Department of Mechanical Engineering Prof. B. S. Murty
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Head, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology - Madras
Dr. Kamalesh Dasgupta
Outstanding Scientist, Laser & Plasma Technology Division Dr. Samir V Kamat
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai OS & Director
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad
Centre for Fuel Cell Technology
Prof. Satyam Suwas
Dr. J. Narayana Das (Chairman) Professor, Department of Materials Engineering
Rtd. OS & CC R&D (NSM & HR) – DRDO Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru

Dr. B. Viswanathan Prof. Sundararaman Mahadevan


Emeritus Professor Visiting Professor, Indian Institute of Technology - Madras
Indian Institute of Technology - Madras
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and
Dr. Mathew Abraham International Cooperation &
Senior General Manager (R&D), Mahindra & Mahindra Limited Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience and
Mahindra Research Valley, Chennai Technology

Prof. Prakash Chandra Ghosh Dr. D. Yogeswara Rao (Chairman)


Department of Energy Science and Engineering Scientist 'G' and Head of Office (Retd.)
Indian Institute of Technology - Bombay O/o Principal Scientific Adviser to the Govt. of India, New Delhi

Centre for Sol-Gel Coatings Dr. R. R. Hirwani


Head - CSIR Unit for Research and Development of
Prof. D. Chakravorty (Chairman) Information Products, Pune
Emeritus Professor
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata Dr. Premnath Venugopalan
Head, NCL Innovations & Intellectual Property Group
Dr. Goutam De National Chemical Laboratory, Pune
Chief Scientist & Head, Nano-structured Materials Division
Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata Dr. Krishna Tanuku
Former Executive Director
Dr. K.G.K. Warrier Wadhwani Centre for Entrepreneurship Development (WCED)
Emeritus Scientist, Materials & Minerals Division Indian School of Business, Hyderabad
National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science & Technology
Trivandrum Prof. Rishikesha T. Krishnan
Director & Professor of Strategic Management
Dr. Dibyendu Ganguli Indian Institute of Management, Indore
Rtd. Head, Sol-Gel Division
CGCRI, Kolkata

iv
Director's Report

I am very happy to present the Annual Report of International Advanced


Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI)
for the year 2016-17. In line with the Centre’s mandate; development,
demonstration and technology transfer vis-à-vis several materials and
processes have been intensively pursued.

Technical Research Centre (TRC) on “Alternative Energy Materials


& Processes” has been a major activity spread over four Centres of
Excellence at ARCI, covering materials and systems for energy storage,
energy conversion and energy conservation. Substantial progress
has been achieved in the programme. In Li-ion battery (LIB) activity,
prototype LIB module of capacity 48V, 10 Ah (480 Wh) was successfully
developed and demonstrated on E-cycle and an E-scooter under no-
load condition. Large scale processing of electrode materials for LIBs
has also been achieved. Fuel cell technology development efforts
moved to the next level through field demonstration of complete PEMFC system along with reactant management
system at Gas Authority of India, Ltd., (GAIL) Noida. The system successfully generated a power of 500 KWh. In the
field of magnetic materials, prototype brushed DC motors of capacity 24V, 35W were fabricated using indigenously
developed Fe-P alloy in collaboration with an industry and benchmarked against the commercially available Si-steel
motor. The newly developed magnetic alloy was also processed to fabricate alternators for automotive applications
in close interaction with Lucas TVS for performance evaluation. The initial prototype performance was promising.
The work on organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has shown promising results. A maximum efficiency of
16 % has been achieved in lab-scale PSCs and 50mm x 50mm prototype module with power output of 70 mW was
demonstrated.

A considerable progress on nanomaterials, nano-composite coatings and ceramics research has been achieved and
a few to highlight are: development of carbon based nanoelectrode for metal-ion batteries; nano lubrication using
graphene as additive in oil; sodium beta alumina as solid electrolyte with an ionic conductivity in the range of
2-6x10-2 S/cm; hexavalent chrome-free, self-healing coatings on aluminum and magnesium alloys using organic/
inorganic encapsulation of corrosion inhibitor; and durable ultra-hydrophobic surfaces using a combination of
laser texturing and sol-gel coatings.

On the advanced manufacturing side, the cold spray technology, pulsed electrodeposition technology and the
next generation detonation coating technology have reached industrial readiness and the same have been offered
for technology transfer to interested companies. A technology demonstration centre on laser based metal additive
manufacturing has been established jointly with SLM Solutions and Design Tech Systems Limited for development of
next generation aerospace components, bio-medical devices and tools. Laser hardening process has been developed
for roller bearing elements with controlled distortion, surface finish which has resulted in a substantial improvement
in tribological performance.

The characterization capabilities of ARCI have been enhanced substantially with establishment of a joint demonstration
centre for advanced nanomechanical characterization in collaboration with Nanomechanics Inc, USA, a global leader
in development of nanomechanical testing methodologies. The joint centre will develop equipment and testing
methodologies not only to support the ongoing technology development activities at ARCI, but also is expected to
accelerate the growth of the nanomechanical testing market in India.

In terms of outreach efforts, this year has been very eventful. Successful completion of 20 years of operation of ARCI
was celebrated on 27-28 February 2017 in the form of an event ARCI TechEx 2017, showcasing various technologies
and capabilities of ARCI. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) partnered in organizing the event by mobilizing
participation of industry representatives. The event comprised of a technology exhibition; business opportunity
workshops on “Engineered Coatings” and “Fuel Cell Technologies”; eminent Science Day Lectures by Prof P Rama
Rao and Prof V S Ramamurthy; and eminent panel discussion on “Perspectives and Challenges in Materials and

v
Director's Report

Manufacturing R&D”. Dr. Y S Chowdary, Hon’ble Minister of State for S&T and Earth Sciences inaugurated the event
and also the new building of “Centre for Engineered Coatings”. Dr. Satheesh Reddy, Scientific Adviser to Raksha Mantri
inaugurated the Additive Manufacturing Technology Demonstration Centre jointly established with SLM International
GmBH. The event attracted as many as 140 industrial representatives, 100 academic and R&D personnel and 600
students. Several entrepreneurs showed keen interest in various ARCI technologies. The Centre partnered with the Indian
Ceramic Society to organize an International Conference on “Ceramics, Glass and Refractories - Emerging Innovations”
at Hyderabad and also hosted a workshop on “Advanced Ceramic Processing and Fabrication” during December, 2016.
The Centre also organized a one day conference on “Future of Indian Automotive Industry: Lasers and its Applications”
in association with Messe Muenchen India co-located with Laser World of Photonics India at BIEC, Bengaluru.

On the technology transfer and commercialistation front, the nano silver based suspension technology for antibacterial
application on textiles received the prestigious TDB National Award 2016 from President of India for successful
commercialization of an indigenous technology. Transfer of technology for manufacture of silica aerogel sheets for
thermal insulation purposes was effected through process demonstration to technology receivers and evolution of a
productionisation plan by them. A technology transfer agreement for laser cladding technology for life extension of
thermal power plant components was signed. Cold spray and detonation spray coating technologies were offered for
transfer.

In summary, ARCI has made significant progress in terms of developing new materials and processes and progressing
a number of technologies towards transfer to industry contributing to the Make in India campaign. At the same time
we could strike a good balance in terms of basic research as well with 70 publications at an average impact factor of
3. The new major initiatives on additive manufacturing and nanomechanical characterization are expected to yield
substantial benefits to the centre as well as the country in general. Similarly, the outreach efforts taken up during the
year are likely to yield many more projects and useful collaborations to effectively utilize ARCI’s capabilities towards
improved delivery of materials, products and processes.

I would like to thank all the employees for their dedication in implementing various activities. Significant contributions
by each of the scientist/technical officers during the year are given in this report. I sincerely acknowledge the support of
DST, very learned guidance of our eminent Governing Council and mentorship of various Technical Advisory Groups in
steering the R&D programmes. The performance indicators of ARCI are presented below:

Performance Indicators
Parameters 2015-16 2016-17
Papers in Refereed Journals 134 137
Chapters in Books 2 11
Papers in Conferences and Invited Lectures 159 193
No. of Ph.Ds. Produced 1 2
Foreign Patent Applications (inventions awaiting grant)** 5 7
Foreign Patents Granted** 11# 14#
Indian Patent Applications (awaiting grant)** 71 79
Indian Patents Granted** 24 26
No. of Technologies/Designs and Other IP Commercialized 15 13
Number of Technology Leads Awaiting Transfer 15 21
Research Manpower Trained (other than PhDs) 26 09
Technical Manpower Trained 407 118
B. Tech/UG Projects Guided 62 38
M. Tech./M. Sc./M. Phil Projects Guided 78 52

** Cumulative figures upto end of financial year


# includes same inventions granted in multiple countries

(G
G. Padmana
Padmanabham
na
abh
ham )
vi
Director's Report

Contribution Towards
National Missions

Make in India
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ceramics for strategic applications.

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security personnel.

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batteries.

Health, Energy and Environment


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cell stacks of 5 kW to 20 kW in the field.

1
Centre for Automotive Energy Materials

T The Centre of Automotive Energy Materials (CAEM) is located at Indian Institute of Technology Madras Research Park, Chennai.
The Centre’s objective is to demonstrate technologies based on materials and components of importance to Indian automotive
industry and provide technical support to their current and potential problems. The Centre’s activities are divided into three main
parts (i) development of materials and technology related to lithium-ion battery (LIB) for electric vehicle (EV) application; (ii)
development of soft and hard magnetic materials for motors and alternators in automotive application; and (iii) development of
thermoelectric device particularly for waste heat recovery on automobile exhaust for conversion of heat energy into power.

In the LIB activity, the major achievement during the year was, successful development of prototype LIB module of capacity 48V, 10
Ah (480 Wh) and demonstration of its performance on an E-cycle and an E-scooter under no-load condition. Capacity retention of
> 98% after 15 cycles was observed. While a few EV manufactures have shown interest in this technology and are willing to validate
the LIB modules in their vehicles, the centre extended support to Mahindra Electric Ltd., in terms of testing and failure analysis of
their EV batteries.

In the field of magnetic materials, a prototype brushed DC motor of capacity 24V, 35W was fabricated in collaboration with Horse
Motors using indigenously developed Fe-P alloy. This showed better output power and torque than the commercially available
Si-steel motor. The Centre has also provided technical inputs in terms of metallurgical investigations for performance analysis
of alternators and magnetic property measurements for some user companies. In the area of thermoelectric devices, a test rig
replicating the typical exhaust conditions of a 1.2 liters diesel car engine has been designed.

The above major activities are currently being executed under the aegis of Technology Research Centre (TRC) project on Alternative
Energy Materials and Systems sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology at a cost of Rs 91.5 crores spread over 5 years,
with an aim to translate the research results into technologies and products. In addition to the above, two more new activities have
also been initiated under the TRC, viz. Sodium-ion batteries for energy storage application and magneto-calorimetric materials
for high energy-efficient and environmental friendly room temperature magnetic refrigeration technology based on research on
some futuristic materials.

During the last year, the Centre has established many new facilities such as pouch cell fabrication line, adhesive-peal strength
tester, Karl-Fischer titration system, FE SEM, FT IR, potential seebeck microprobe, and microwave synthesizer.

Products Developed

LIB Module Motor Alternator TEG Test Rig

R Prakash R Gopalan
rprakash@arci.res.in gopy@arci.res.in

2
Research and Technology Highlights

Lithium-ion Battery for Electric Vehicle Application: Assembly of


LiFePO4/Graphite Prototype Module and Testing

R Prakash rprakash@arci.res.in

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electrochemical storage technologies which anticipated to constant voltage mode at 230C. At 1C charge/discharge
substitute the conventional fossil fuels in transportation, SBUF  UIF DFMMT FYIJCJUFE BO JOJUJBM EJTDIBSHF DBQBDJUZ PG 
as well as in effective storage of energy produced by Ah and the capacity retention of >75% after 700 cycles
intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar, wind XJUI B $PVMPNCJD FóDJFODZ PG BCPVU  'JH C
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power, etc. Although LIBs have accomplished the leading capacity retention behaviour of the prototype cell at 1C
position in consumer electronic markets, they are still SBUFXBTOFBSMZFRVJWBMFOUUPUIBUPGBDPNNFSDJBMMJUIJVN
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for electric vehicle application. Moreover, LIBs are in utmost 8I
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need of further assurances of safety to cater the electric been assembled and their performance evaluation was
mobility application in full swing. carried out with appropriate loads (Fig. 2, Table 1). Charge/
discharge trials with each load have been performed for 15
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range of 25 km in a single charge and Mahindra Reva’s capacity retention at the cell level to >85% at 1C rate after
&2O car having LIB battery pack with a specification of 1000 cycles.
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both the cases, LIB is the highest cost components, which Table 1. Evaluation of prototype battery pack with appropriate loads
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of LIB cell/module is anticipated to reduce cost for about Battery Load Specifications Run Time
Module
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ion cells (80Ah), and established a testing facility for LIB 120 Wh Radiator fan 12V, 0.5A 18h @ 1500 rpm
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DC motor 24V, 3A 3h 10 min @ 5300 rpm

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240 Wh 24V, 6A 1h 20 min @ 1500 rpm
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prepared by comma coating technique. The electrodes 2 fans in series and
24V, 12A 40 min @ 1500 rpm
2 in parallel
were densified to uniform thickness and porosity by
calendaring process, and cut them to the required size e-scooter 48V, 2A (No load) 5h @ 28 km/h
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480 Wh e-cycle 48V, 0.8A (No load) 10h @ 26 km/h
was sandwiched by separator to form prismatic jelly rolls.
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48V, 6A 1h 20 min @ 1500 rpm
rolls were sealed in a prismatic container with terminal series

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into the cell through fill port under vacuum and kept it for
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(a) (b) (c)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)


Fig. 1 (a) Formation cycle and (b) Cycling performance of ARCI cell Fig. 2 (a) 120 Wh (b) 240 Wh (c) 480 Wh battery module and demonstration of these
(c) Performance comparison of ARCI and commercial cell at 1C rate with different loads (d) Radiator fans (e) E-cycle (f) E-scooter
Contributors: L Babu, K Shanmugam, A Sivaraj, S Jana, T P Sarangan, S R Sahu, R Vallabha Rao, K Kumari, S Vasu, P Laxman Mani Kanta and
R Gopalan

3
Research and Technology Highlights

Lithium Ion Pouch Cell Fabrication using In-house Developed


Carbon Coated LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 as Cathode Material

M B Sahana sahanamb@arci.res.in

Derivatives of LiNiYZCoYMnyO2 (NMC) are promising cathode MJOF BMPOH XJUI UIF QPVDI DFMM DPOTUSVDUFE VTJOH JOIPVTF
materials and are currently used in many commercial lithium developed carbon coated NMC and commercial graphite.
ion batteries for electric vehicle application. However, The electrochemical characteristics are being carried out and
because of the surface degradation when charged to higher the preliminary results of cyclic charging/discharging curves
cutoff voltage, the lithium ion batteries with NMC cathode of full cell are given in Fig.2. The specific capacity of the full
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to reduce the surface degradation, we have developed the pristine NMC, and the cyclic stability investigations are
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cells. However, the electrochemical characteristic of the
cathode material also depends on various cell fabrication
parameters such as electrode coating thickness, porosity,
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the structure property correlation of the electrodes, it is
required to fabricate full cell. In this regard we have set up a
pouch cell fabrication line, having the capability to assemble
cells with capacity of ~ 1Ah. The pouch cell fabrication line
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for optimization of the cell fabrication parameter that will
be implemented in large format battery production. The
fabrication of the pouch cell comprised of (i) electrode slurry
preparation (ii) electrode coating (iii) drying and calendaring
(iv) electrode cutting (iv) stacking (v) welding the tabs (vi)
pouch cup formation (vii) sealing 3 side of the pouch cup
WJJJ
 FMFDUSPMZUF öMMJOH BOE TFBMJOH JY
 GPSNBUJPO  EFHBTJOH Fig. 2 Charge discharge profiles of LiNi1-x-yCoxMn0yO2 and C- LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2
and final sealing. Fig.1 shows the pouch cell fabrication with reference to graphite

Mixing of Stacking of
Electrode Hot Electrode
Electrode Electrode &
Coating Pressing Cutting
Materials Separator

Electrolyte Filling Cup


Pouch Cell Heat Sealer
& Final Sealing Formation

Fig. 1 Pouch cell fabrication line

Contributors: S Vasu, K Chandra and R Gopalan

4
Research and Technology Highlights

Development of Low-Cost Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Battery for


Grid/Off-Grid Storage Applications

Bijoy Kumar Das bijoydas@project.arci.res.in

To meet the energy demand, different renewable and criteria of the electrode and electrolyte materials are the
clean energy sources, such as solar and wind are rapidly key to the successful demonstration of prototype NIBs.
growing as an alternative to the fossil fuels. However,
Towards this goal, high energy density cathode materials,
MPXDPTU BOE IJHIMZ FóDJFOU FOFSHZ TUPSBHF TZTUFNT
WBOBEJVN PYJEFT 70Y
 źYź
 XFSF QSFQBSFE CZ POF TUFQ
are required for the large scale implementation of these
UIFSNBM EFDPNQPTJUJPO PG WBOBEJVNDPNQMFY  GPMMPXFE
renewable energy sources. Batteries are found to be the
by calcination at 5000C and 7000C in air atmosphere. Fig.1
NPTU JNQPSUBOU BOE FóDJFOU UFDIOPMPHZ GPS MBSHFTDBMF
TIPXT 9SBZ EJòSBDUJPO 93%
 QBUUFSOT  TDBOOJOH FMFDUSPO
TUPSBHF  BNPOH BMM UIF FYJTUJOH TUPSBHF TZTUFNT -JUIJVN
NJDSPTDPQZ 4&.
 JNBHFT BD
 BOE UIF /BJPO SFBDUJWJUZ E
ion batteries (LIBs) appear as fully developed and mature
F
PGQSJTUJOF NJYFEQIBTFPG74+75+
BOEDBMDJOFE70Y 72O5
storage system capable of storing the energy generated
QIBTF
1SJTUJOF70YTIPXFEIJHIFSJOJUJBMTQFDJöDDBQBDJUZPG
GSPNUIFSFOFXBCMFTPVSDFT)PXFWFS UIFJSDPTUQFSXBUU
175 mA h gDPNQBSFEUPUIBUPGDBMDJOFE70Y XIJDITIPXFE
IPVS SFNBJOT  GPME IJHIFS DPNQBSFE UP PUIFS FYJTUJOH
160 and 40 mA h g for 500 and 7000$ SFTQFDUJWFMZ 'JHEF

rechargeable batteries. In addition, the limited resource
)PXFWFS  QSJTUJOF 70Y TIPXFE CFUUFS DBQBDJUZ SFUFOUJPO
of lithium will drive up the price, when used for large
DPNQBSFE UP UIBU PG DBMDJOFE 70Y EVF UP CFUUFS FMFDUSPOJD
format LIBs. Room temperature sodium ion battery (NIB)
conductivity in the former case.
can be a potential alternative to meet the large scale grid
FOFSHZ TUPSBHF OFFET  EVF UP JUT XJEF BWBJMBCJMJUZ  MPX As negative electrode material, hard carbon (HC) was prepared
cost and similar storage mechanism to that of LIBs. So by modified pyrolysis of glucose in inert atmosphere. Fig.
GBS  /B4 CBUUFSZ IBT CFFO DPNNFSDJBMMZ EFNPOTUSBUFE  TIPXT 93% QBUUFSO  3BNBO TQFDUSVN BC
 BOE /BJPO
IPXFWFS  UIF IJHI PQFSBUJOH UFNQFSBUVSF 0C) reactivity (c) of HC obtained from glucose, respectively. HC
with molten Na/S electrode posses safety threat. The derived from glucose showed high initial specific capacity
SFTFBSDI JOUFSFTU UPXBSET UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG  MPXDPTU of 365 mA h g (Fig.2c). However, capacity degradation was
NIBs operating at room temperature has increased in past noticed with increase in cycle number. To achieve stable
few years in terms of development of potential electrode cycling performance, optimization of surface area and
materials with performance in par with LIBs. The selection porosity is highly essential for HC and such work is in progress.

(a) (b) (d) (e)

(c)

Fig. 1 (a) XRD patterns (b, c) SEM images (d) Galvanostatic discharge/charge cycling and (e) Capacity vs. cycle number plots for pristine and calcined VOx.
Voltage range: 1.2-4.0V vs. Na/Na+; Current: C/10 rate (1 C= 170 mA g-1)
(a) (b) (c)

Fig. 2 (a) XRD pattern (b) Raman spectrum and (c) Galvanostatic discharge/charge cycling (Inset: capacity vs. cycle number) plots for HC derived from glucose.
Voltage range: 0.05-3.0V vs. Na/Na+; Current: C/10 rate (1 C= 372 mA g-1).

Contributors: V V N Phanikumar, M Venkatesh, R Prakash and R Gopalan

5
Research and Technology Highlights

Novel Synthesis of Graphene from Single Walled Carbon


Nanohorns

Sumit Ranjan Sahu sumitranjansahu@project.arci.res.in

(SBQIFOF FYJTUT BT UXPEJNFOTJPOBM %


 NBUFSJBM XJUI BOE UIF BTQSFQBSFE HSBQIFOF TIFFUT XFSF TUVEJFE PO BO
unique physical, mechanical and electrical properties, and JOUFSEJHJUBUFE BSSBZ FMFDUSPEF EFWJDF *SD value of graphene
JT XJEFMZ CFJOH VTFE JO TFWFSBM BQQMJDBUJPOT TVDI BT NFUBM sheets showed three orders of magnitude higher than that of
nanoparticles support, gas storage, electrochemical energy SWCNHs at a given gate voltage (Fig. 2f).
storage, capacitors etc. Properties of graphene depend
mainly on its method of preparation. Commonly graphene This novel synthesis method of graphene from SWCNHs
JT QSFQBSFE GSPN HSBQIJUF CZ NFDIBOJDBM FYGPMJBUJPO  MJRVJE PQFOT B XBZ GPS BO FBTZ TZOUIFTJT PG HSBQIFOFCBTFE
QIBTFFYGPMJBUJPO DIFNJDBMWBQPVSEFQPTJUJPOBOEDIFNJDBM composite materials for multifunctional applications. One
SFEVDUJPO )PXFWFS  TZOUIFTJT PG HSBQIFOF GSPN POF TVDI BQQMJDBUJPO  HSBQIFOFTJMWFS OBOPQBSUJDMF ("H/1

EJNFOTJPOBM %
DBSCPOOBOPUVCF $/5
PS[FSPEJNFOTJPOBM composite has been synthesized successfully by this method.
(0D) single walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) is tedious, and ("H/1 DPNQPTJUF TIPXFE B VOJGPSN EJTQFSTJPO PG TJMWFS
JU JOWPMWFT DMFBWBHF PG IJHI FOFSHZ NVMUJQMF DBSCPODBSCPO nanoparticles (black dots) throughout the graphene sheet
$$
 CPOET )PXFWFS  HSBQIFOF OBOPSJCCPOT IBWF BMSFBEZ with a mean size of 6±2 nm (Fig. 2g). This composite is used
been achieved by unzipping of CNTs using chemical, plasma in electrocatalysts, electrodes, nanoelectronics, sensors,
etching, electrochemical and laser irradiation methods. We biomedical applications.
have synthesized graphene from SWCNHs by chemically
BTTJTUFE IPNPMZUJD DMFBWBHF PG $$ CPOET 48$/)T XFSF (a) (b)
QSPEVDFE CZ BSDEJTDIBSHF NFUIPE VOEFS )FMJVN PG 
Torr. Unlike tubular structure of CNTs, carbon nanohorns
have conical structure and form predominantly as SWCNHs
EJBNFUFSPG_ON BHHSFHBUFEJBNFUFSPG_ON
EVFUP
HFPNFUSJDBMDPOTUSBJOUBUUIFDPOFBOHMF 'JHBC


A stack of graphene sheets was achieved in high yield on (c) (d)


SFBDUJPOPG48$/)TXJUIIZESPHFOQFSPYJEF )2O2) at 100qC
GPS  NJOT $VSMZMBZFSFE TUBDLT PG BCPVU  ˜N UIJDLOFTT
DPOTJTUJOH PG TFNJUSBOTQBSFOU HSBQIFOF TIFFUT MZJOH PO
top of each other, with an average flake dimension of about
¨˜NXFSFPCUBJOFE 'JHB
4FNJUSBOTQBSFOUHSBQIFOF
TIFFUT XFSF PCTFSWFE BU WBSJPVT MPDBUJPO PO5&. HSJE 'JH
2b). Identification of single layer graphene was further carried
PVUCZ4"&%QBUUFSOBOBMZTJT5IFMBUUJDFTQBDJOHDBMDVMBUJPO (e) (f)
corresponding to {1100} and {2110} (2.14 Å and 1.25 Å
respectively) and the intensity ratio I{1100}/I{2110} > 1 (Fig.
2c) confirms that the graphene sheets are single layer. Raman
spectrum shows the characteristic D and G at 1355 cm and
1591 cm respectively (Fig. 2d). ID/IG ratio was estimated to
be ~0.88. The sharp characteristic 2D peak at ~2680 cm (g)
indicated that the graphene is single layer. C=C bonds of
graphene showed a prominent peak at 261 nm corresponding
to πoS USBOTJUJPO 'JHF
&MFDUSJDBMQSPQFSUJFTPG48$/)T

Fig. 2 Graphene from SWCNHs. (a) SEM image (b) TEM image (c) SAED pattern
(d) Raman spectrum (e) UV-visible spectrum (f) I-V characteristics
Fig. 1 (a) SEM and (b) HRTEM image of SWCNHs (g) TEM image of G-AgNP composite (particle size distribution inset).

Contributors: Vallabha Rao Rikka, R Prakash, R Gopalan

6
Research and Technology Highlights

Laser Welding of SS & Al Alloy Casings for Lithium Ion batteries

Vallabha Rao Rikka vallabha.rao@project.arci.res.in

-JUIJVNJPO CBUUFSJFT -*#T


 IBWF FNFSHFE BT UIF NPTU weld sample fusion zone consists of fine cellular grains
QSPNJTJOH QPXFS TPVSDFT GPS FMFDUSJD WFIJDMFT &7T
 EVF resulting from the localized heating and consequence
to their high energy density, high specific power and rapid solidification inherent to the pulsed laser welding
MPOH DZDMF MJGF -JJPO DFMM GBCSJDBUJPO QSPDFTT JOWPMWFT UIF process. The HAZ shows columnar grain growth almost
BTTFNCMZ PG WBSJPVT DPNQPOFOUT &MFDUSPEFT DBUIPEF QFSQFOEJDVMBS UP UIF TPMJEMJRVJE CPVOEBSZ 'JH  TIPXT
and anode) are wound together with separator followed the hardness profiles and optical images SS 316L (0.5mm)
by injection of electrolyte to build the electrochemical and Al 3003 (2mm) thick welded sheets, respectively. The
system. Due to the reactive nature of the electrolyte and IBSEOFTTWBMVFTPG44-BOE"MJOUIF)";BSF)7
PUIFSDFMMDPNQPOFOUT UIF-JJPODFMMDPNQPOFOUTIBWFUP BOE)75IFIBSEOFTTCFIBWJPVSPGMBTFSXFMEFE"M
be enclosed in a hermetically sealed casing (can/container) 3003 shows a distinct softness in the HAZ and an increase in
after assembly. Cell casing materials are typically made up IBSEOFTTJOUIFGVTJPO[POF )7
5IFIBSEOFTTESPQ
PG TUBJOMFTT TUFFM  OJDLFMQMBUFE NJME TUFFM  BMVNJOVN BOE in the HAZ is related to the nature of Al 3003 alloy. The
JUTBMMPZT%VFUPMPXEFOTJUZBOEMJHIUXFJHIU "MVNJOJVN fusion zone hardness of SS 316L is higher than Al 3003 due
BMMPZ JT QSFGFSSFE PWFS PUIFS NBUFSJBMT BT DBTJOH GPS &7 UP UIF öOFHSBJOFE TUSVDUVSF 5IF PQUJNJ[FE QBSBNFUFST
batteries. However, for long term operation under harsh BSFVTFEUPXFME"MBOE44DZMJOESJDBMDBOT)FMFBLUFTUTPG
conditions and safety requirement, stainless steel is also SS 316L and Al 3003 welded cylindrical casings showed no
considered for battery casing. Laser welding process has MFBLXJUIBMJNJUPGYNCBS-T9SBZ%DPNQVUFE
several advantages like high welding speed, consistent tomography scan was conducted on laser welded SS 316L
weld quality, and ability to weld dissimilar materials, and and Al 3003 cylindrical battery casings to ascertain the
precisely weld with low heat input. quality of the welding (Figure 3). It was found that the
welding was obtained with utmost hermiticity for both
Here in we have investigated stainless steel (SS) 316L and SS 316L and Al 3003. For SS 316L case sealing the welding
aluminium (Al) 3003 alloy using NdYAG pulse laser welding EFQUI XBT BQQSPYJNBUFMZ  NN XIJMF JU XBT  NN
GPS -JJPO CBUUFSZ DBTJOHT *OJUJBMMZ CFBEPOQMBUF XFMET for Al 3003 cell.
were carried out to optimize the weld parameters for laser
welding of 0.5 SS 316L (0.5 mm,1mm) and Al 3003 (1 mm, 5IFKPJOUFóDJFODZPG44-JTIJHIFSUIBOUIBUPG"M
2 mm) thick plates. The laser welding process resulted in due to obscene of spatters in weld zone. However, further
the formation of tempered martensite in heat affected optimization of laser welding parameters for Al3003 is
zone (HAZ) and partial disappearance of martensite near presently under process, which may anticipate spatters
interfacial HAZ (Fig. 1). The microstructure of SS 316L GSFFXFME[POFFOIBODJOHUIFKPJOUFóDJFODZPG"M

(a) (c)
(a)

(b) (d)

(b) (c)

Fig. 1 Cross-sectional SEM micrographs of laser welded 0.5 mm thick SS 316L plates. Fig. 2 Micro-hardness profiles across the weld area and cross-sectional micrographs
(a) Welding zone showing fusion zone, HAZ and base metal microstructures, and of laser welded plates. (a) and (b) 0.5 mm thick SS316l plate.
(b) Magnified view of fusion zone (c) Magnified view of HAZ-base metal interface (c) and (d) 2 mm thick Al3003 plate

Contributors: S R Sahu, R Bathe, R Prakash, G Padmanabham and R Gopalan

7
Research and Technology Highlights

Effect of Ballmilling of LiFePO4 and Carbon Black on


Electrochemical Characteristic of Lithium Ion Cells

Kumari Konda kumariarci@gmail.com

The electrochemical characteristics of lithium ion is suggesting that electrode prepared using ballmilling of
batteries (LIBs) mainly depend on the performance of LiFePO4 and carbon black improved better dispersion of
the active materials and its interface. Theoretical cell BDUJWFNBUFSJBMDPNQPOFOUT XIJDIJOUVSOFYIJCJUTCFUUFS
potential, capacity, and energy density of LIB depend electrochemical performance.
on the intrinsic properties of the active material, while
the practical values of the same and cycle life depend on (a)
UIFFYUSJOTJDQSPQFSUJFTPGUIFFMFDUSPEFDPBUJOHBOEUIF
interfaces between various constituents. The electrode is
fabricated by coating the slurry which consists of active
NBUFSJBM  $BSCPO CMBDL  BOE 17%' CJOEFS JO /.FUIZM
1ZSPMMJEPOFTPMWFOUPO"M$VDVSSFOUDPMMFDUPSCZEPDUPS
blade method . One of the challenging steps here is to get
uniform distribution of the carbon black and the active
material for better electronic and ionic conductivity.

To obtain uniform distribution of the carbon black around


nano particles of LiFePO4  ON
 CPUI QPXEFST
were ballmilled for one hr at 100 RPM. In this investigation,
microstructure and electrochemical properties of the
electrodes using two types of slurry are compared. The (b)
TMVSSJFT XFSF  QSFQBSFE CZ NJYJOH -J'F104$BSCPO CMBDL
17%'JOXFJHIUSBUJPJOWBDVVNEJTQFSTFSXJUIESZ
QSFCBMMNJMMJOH .FUIPE
 BOE XJUIPVU QSFCBMMNJMMJOH
.FUIPE
 PG DBSCPO CMBDL BOE -J'F104. Scanning
electron micrographs of the two electrodes are given in
Fig1(a,b) and it can be seen that electrode prepared using
NFUIPE FYIJCJUFE CFUUFS EJTQFSTJPO PG DBSCPO CMBDL
DPNQBSFEUPUIBUPGNFUIPE5IF-JJPOIBMGDFMMTXFSF
GBCSJDBUFE VTJOH NFUIPE BOE NFUIPE FMFDUSPEFT
$IBSHFEJTDIBSHF DZDMFT XFSF QFSGPSNFE BU EJGGFSFOU
$SBUFT GSPN $ XIJDI JT TIPXO JO 'JH  B C
 *U
TIPXFEUIBUCBMMNJMMFEFMFDUSPEFBDIJFWFEN"IH
specific capacity at 10C and without ballmilled electrode
Fig. 2 Rate Capability test (a) without ballmilled and (b) with ballmilled electrodes
BDIJFWFE  N"IH BU $ *NQFEBODF BOBMZTFT XFSF
carried out at the end of 5 cycles at 0.1C under discharged
state (Fig. 3). The data indicated that the charge transfer
resistance of the ball milled electrode (110 ohms) is lower
than that of without ball milled electrode (210 ohms).
5IF -JJPO IBMGDFMMT GBCSJDBUFE VTJOH NFUIPE IBT
yielded better specific capacity and rate capability and
MPX DIBSHF USBOTGFS SFTJTUBODF UIBO UIBU PG NFUIPE *U

(a) (b)

Fig. 3 Impedance spectrum of without ballmilled and with ballmilled electrodes


Fig. 1 SEM Images of (a) without ballmilled and (b) with ballmilled electrodes at discharge state (2.5V)

Contributors: M B Sahana, R Prakash and R Gopalan

8
Research and Technology Highlights

Lithium Rich Layered Oxide, as High Energy Density Cathode


Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicle
Applications
Vasu Shanmugam vasu@project.arci.res.in

3FDFOUMZ  MJUIJVNSJDI NBUFSJBMT SFQSFTFOUFE CZ Y-J2MnO3t


¦Y
-J.02(M = Mn, Co, Ni) have attracted much attention as
DBUIPEFNBUFSJBMGPSUIFOFYUHFOFSBUJPOMJUIJVNJPOCBUUFSZ
owing to high discharge capacities (250 mAh/g). However,
DPNNFSDJBMVTFPGMJUIJVNSJDIMBZFSFEPYJEFT --0
JTMJNJUFE
due to lower electronic and ionic conductivity, large first
cycle irreversibility, and average voltage & specific capacity
decay. We have improved the cyclic stability and reduced
the average voltage decay of LLO by uniform carbon coating
VTJOHBOPWFMJOTJUVUFDIOJRVF

XRD pattern shown in Fig. 1 illustrates the presence of


low intensity peaks at 2θ=20.7o, 21.5o, 24.1o and 28.1o
corresponding to (020), (111¯), (111) and (022¯) planes
respectively for monoclinic (C/2m) Li(Li1/3M2/3)O3, [M=Ni,Co,Mn]
phase. All other peaks corresponding to trigonal (RJm)LiMO2,
which in turns confirm the two phase composite formation.
Fig. 1 (a) X-ray diffraction pattern of pristine Li1.15(Ni0.23Co0.08Mn0.54)O2 and
5IF 4DBOOJOH &MFDUSPO .JDSPHSBQIT PG QSJTUJOF BOE DBSCPO (b) carbon coated Li1.15(Ni0.23Co0.08Mn0.54)O2
coated LLO are shown in Fig. 2. Both comprise two different
morphology ,one with an average particle size of 50 to 100
nm and another with 4 to 5μm. Galvanostatic charging/
discharging with respect to lithium of LLOs are carried out at
a current density of 35 mA/g for first 10 cycles and 175 mA/g
up to 150 cycles as shown in Fig. 3. First discharge capacity
GPSQSJTUJOF--0 N"IH
JTTMJHIUMZIJHIFSUIBO$--0 
N"IH
 IPXFWFS $--0 TIPXFE CFUUFS DBQBDJUZ SFUFOBUJPO
(92%) than pristine LLO compared (73%) after 10 cycles at a
DVSSFOUEFOTJUZPGN"H $--0EFMJWFSFEIJHIFSEJTDIBSHF
capacity of 200 mAh/g compared to that of pristine LLO of
126 mAh/g. The capacity retention even at 175 mA/g after
DZDMFTXBTPCTFSWFE$--0 
BOEQSJTUJOF--0 

respectively. Thus, carbon coating on LLO electrode showed
an improved cyclic stability, specific capacity. Further, full cell Fig. 2 (a)SEM microstructure of pristine Li1.15(Ni0.23Co0.08Mn0.54)O2 and
studies of the surface modified LLO are under way. (b) Carbon coated Li1.15(Ni0.23Co0.08Mn0.54)O2

Fig. 3 Electrochemical discharge specific capacity of pristine and carbon coated Li1.15(Ni0.23Co0.08Mn0.54)O2

Contributors: M B Sahana, R Gopalan and G Sundararajan

9
Research and Technology Highlights

Fe-P Based Alloy as Alternate to Si-steel for Motor Applications

D Prabhu dprabhu@arci.res.in

With Make in India concept, there is a thrust to develop 5IFNPUPSXBTDPOOFDUFEUPB7%$QPXFSTVQQMZBOEUIF


indigenous technology for various high performance speed of the motor was measured under no load condition
applications. Soft magnetic materials are indispensable using a Tachometer. The prototype motor rotated at 5300
DPNQPOFOUJONBOZUFDIOPMPHJFT$VSSFOUMZIJHIHSBEF4J rpm which is higher than the standard motor (2700 rpm).
steel is being imported for technologies which require high
performance magnetic materials. Automotive industry is The motor was also tested under loaded condition and the
one of the largest consumers of these magnetic materials variation of output torque and output power at various
since they are essential components for making all the loads/speeds is plotted in Fig. 2. Measurements from the
NPUPSTVTFEJOBVUPNPUJWFT&WFOBTMJHIUJODSFBTFJODPTU standard motor are plotted simultaneously for comparison.
FòFDUJWFOFTT PS FóDJFODZ DBO IBWF B MBSHF JNQBDU BT UIF
TJ[F PG UIF NBSLFU JT WFSZ CJH  'F1 CBTFE TPGU NBHOFUJD 5IF QSPUPUZQF NPUPS FYIJCJUFE CFUUFS PVUQVU QPXFS BOE
material has been indigenously developed as an alternate torque at almost all speeds. This could be attributed to
UP 4J TUFFM   5IJT NBHOFUJD NBUFSJBM FYIJCJUT CFUUFS %$ UIF IJHIFS JOEVDUJPO BOE QFSNFBCJMJUZ PG UIF 'F1 BMMPZ
magnetic properties and equivalent AC magnetic properties DPNQBSFEUPUIFDPNNFSDJBM4JTUFFM
DPNQBSFEUPDPNNFSDJBM4JTUFFM ."

5IPVHI UIF UPSRVF QFSGPSNBODF XBT CFUUFS  UIF FóDJFODZ
In order to test the performance of the material in actual was found to be slightly lower than the standard motor
application, a prototype brushed DC motor was built with a which is attributable to the eddy current losses. Currently
configuration identical to a standard motor by just replacing FòPSUT BSF PO UP MPXFS UIF FEEZ DVSSFOU MPTTFT PG UIF 'F1
UIF TUBOEBSE 4JTUFFM SPUPS XJUI UIF OFXMZ EFWFMPQFE 'F1 BMMPZBOEPCUBJOFóDJFODZPOQBSXJUIUIFTUBOEBSENPUPS
alloy rotor. The performance of the prototype motor was
evaluated using a Dynamometer and measuring the output "DLOPXMFEHFNFOU )PSTF NPUPST  #BOHBMPSF GPS NPUPS
torque and power under various load conditions. GBCSJDBUJPO BOE -VDBT574  $IFOOBJ GPS QFSGPSNBODF
evaluation of motor, DMRL for large scale melting of alloys.
.PUPSDPOöHVSBUJPO

5ZQF   #SVTIFE%$NPUPS
1PMFT   QPMF
.BHOFU   (SBEFGFSSJUFNBHOFU
3BUJOH   7PMUo8BUU
3PUPS   4JTUFFM TUBOEBSENPUPS

   'F1BMMPZ QSPUPUZQFNPUPS

Fig. 1 Prototype motor developed along with the rotor and lamination Fig.2 Better output power and torque exhibited by the prototype motor

Contributors: Ravi Gautam, U Gowtham, V Chandrasekaran and R Gopalan

10
Research and Technology Highlights

Low Field Magnetocaloric Effect in Ni-Mn Based Heusler Alloys

S Kavita skavita@project.arci.res.in

Room temperature magnetic refrigeration is an emerging hysteresis is observed in the parent alloy, where as B
UFDIOPMPHZ XIJDI JT IJHIMZ FOFSHZ FóDJFOU BOE doping the thermal hysteresis disappears and leads to the
environmental friendly as it eliminates refrigerants that DPFYJTUFODFPGBVTUFOJUFBOENBSUFOTJUFUSBOTJUJPOT XJUIB
are greenhouse gases. Magnetic refrigeration is based on shift in the MT at around 267 K. The structural transformation
UIF NBHOFUP DBMPSJD FòFDU .$&
 XIJDI DBO CF EFöOFE temperatures of aforementioned alloys were determined
as the heating and cooling of the sample by a variation from the Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) curves
PG UIF BQQMJFE FYUFSOBM NBHOFUJD öFME 0VS BJN JO UIF recorded during heating and cooling cycles (Fig. 3). A
NBHOFUPDBMPSJDQSPKFDUJTUPFYQMPSFUIFTZTUFNTUIBUDBO XFMMEFöOFEFOEPUIFSNJDQFBLBQQFBSTJOUIFNBSUFOTJUF
FYIJCJU IVHF NBHOFUPDBMPSJD FòFDU BU MPX öFMET ź  5
 (M) to austenite (A) phase transformation during heating
One of the interesting group of alloys in relation to large XIJMF BO FYPUIFSNJD QFBL PCTFSWFE JO UIF BVTUFOJUF UP
.$& JT UIF /J.O CBTFE  GFSSPNBHOFUJD TIBQF NFNPSZ martensite phase transformation during cooling. The
alloys (FSMAs) by virtue of their giant magnetocaloric magnetic entropy (ΔSM) as a function of temperature in
FòFDU (.$&
 BOE QPUFOUJBM BQQMJDBUJPO GPS NBHOFUJD the magnetic field up to 2T was calculated from isothermal
refrigeration at room temperature. These alloys undergo a NBHOFUJ[BUJPO DVSWFT VTJOH UIF .BYXFMM SFMBUJPO " IVHF
öSTUPSEFSNBHOFUJDUSBOTJUJPOGSPNBIJHITZNNFUSZQIBTF ΔSMPG+LH,XBTPCTFSWFEJOUIFQBSFOUBMMPZBOE+
(austenite) to a low symmetry phase (martensite) with ,H, JO UIF # EPQFE BMMPZ XFSF PCTFSWFE BU 5 OFBS UIF
decreasing temperature, associated with the sharp changes .5 'JH 
 'VSUIFS TUVEJFT UP GVMMZ DIBSBDUFSJ[F UIF .$&
of magnetization, leading to large magnetoresistance, properties and fine tuning of the alloys are in progress.
HJBOU NBHOFUPDBMPSJD FòFDUT  BOE NBHOFUJDöFMEJOEVDFE
strain. Most of these properties are attributed to their first
order martensitic transition (MT), which can be tuned by
adjusting valence electron concentration through changing
the chemical composition or elemental substitution.

Ni43 Mn46 Sn11 (parent alloy) and Ni43 Mn46 Sn10.5B0.5 alloys
have been prepared by arcmelting. The arcmelted samples
were vacuum annealed at 9000C for 72h and quenched
JO XBUFS 5IF SPPN UFNQFSBUVSF 9SBZ EJòSBDUJPO 93%

confirms the presence of L21 cubic structure (Fig. 1) in both
the alloys. The temperature dependence of magnetization
(MT) in a magnetic field of 0.01T is measured to characterize
the magnetic transition in the aforementioned alloys on
heating and cooling (Fig 2). Ms, As and Mf, Af correspond
to Martensite and Austenite start and finish temperature,
respectively. An abrupt change of magnetization occurs in
the vicinity of 196K, corresponding to MT and reverse MT
for the cooling and heating process, respectively. Thermal Fig.1 XRD pattern of the parent and B doped alloy

Fig. 2 M Vs T curve for the parent and doped alloy Fig. 3 DSC of parent and B doped alloy Fig. 4 Magnetic entropy of the parent and doped alloy

Contributors: V V Ramkrishna and R Gopalan

11
Research and Technology Highlights

Evaluation of Reliability and Performance of Thermoelectric


Modules Under Simulated Automotive Exhaust Condition

D. Sivaprahasam sprakash@arci.res.in

5IFSNPFMFDUSJDHFOFSBUPS 5&(
DPOWFSUJOHIFBUJOUPFMFDUSJDJUZ the hot gas temperature of 2000C tend to produce 1200C hot
is a simple, reliable, sustainable technology for utilizing the side temperature in the module with resultant 'T of 900C and
abundance of waste heat available in various sources such 1W power. The change in internal resistance measured after
as an automobile, diesel generator and steel mills. Though prolonged testing with the above parameters is less than 1%.
the technology is envisaged to work at temperatures close
to 10000C, the most economic benefit can be obtained from
the waste heat in the temperature range of 250 to 6000C,
where the other competing technologies are costlier and
more complicated to adopt. Converting waste heat from the
BVUPNPCJMF FYIBVTU BOE VUJMJ[JOH UIF FMFDUSJDJUZ GPS SVOOJOH
WBSJPVT BODJMMBSZ QBSUT JT POF JEFB FYUFOTJWFMZ FYQMPSFE CZ
several vehicle manufacturers. However, this concept faces
UXPLFZDIBMMFOHFTWJ[MPXEFWJDFFóDJFODZBOEJUTSFMJBCJMJUZ
EVSJOHJUTPQFSBUJPOBMDPOEJUJPO5IFQFSGPSNBODFPGUIF5&( 
mostly evaluated based on the figure of merit (ZT) of the
materials, in general, measured under steady state conditions,
which may not reflect the actual value under dynamic
DPOEJUJPOTTVDIBTFYIBVTUXBTUFIFBUTPVSDF

To evaluate the performance and reliability of thermoelectric Fig. 1 Design of pin-fin type heat exchanger for 300 W TEG made of stainless steel
NPEVMF  B UFTU SJH XIJDI DBO TJNVMBUF UIF UZQJDBM FYIBVTU
conditions of a running 1.2 liters diesel engine has been
designed and developed. The heat source in the simulator
is a hot air blower capable of delivering 4000 SLPM air up to
5000 $XJUIQSPWJTJPOUPWBSZUIFøPXSBUF"QJOöOUZQFIFBU
FYDIBOHFSNBEFPGTUBJOMFTTTUFFMIBTCFFOEFWFMPQFE CBTFE
on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations
(given in figure 1) with surface temperature variation
across its length within 250 C (figure 2). The hot side of the (b)
UIFSNPFMFDUSJDNPEVMFTJTBUUBDIFEUPUIFIFBUFYDIBOHFS BOE
DPMETJEFMFGUUPBNCJFOUDPOEJUJPO)FBUFYDIBOHFSTVJUBCMFUP
evaluate the performance of a single thermoelectric module
also has been developed. Figure 3 shows the photo image
PGUIF5&(UFTUSJH5IF#J2Te3 based thermoelectric modules Fig. 2 Temperature distributions in the heat exchanger surface where the
of 5W capacity capable of working up to 3000C tested with TE modules will be assembled

(a)

Fig. 3 Lab scale test rig for TEG performance evaluation

Contributors: Harish Subramaniyam, R Gopalan and G Sundararajan

12
Research and Technology Highlights

Thermal Stability of Nanostructured Thermoelectric Zinc


Antimonides for Waste Heat Recovery Applications

Manjusha Battabyal manjusha@project.arci.res.in

In recent years, the shortage of energy resources has Tip show that the mechanical property is enhanced in
encouraged the researchers to look for alternative Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05 after thermal cycle. This implies that :;O4C
energy sources like fusion energy, solar energy, waste rich phase helps in improving the thermoelectric as well
heat recovery and so on. The waste heat recovery in as mechanical properties of the samples without any
automobiles and heavy industries is based on the degradation even after thermal cycle. The important
UIFSNPFMFDUSJD 5&
 UFDIOPMPHZ UIBU DPOWFSUT IFBU JOUP observations on thermal stability of the thermoelectric and
FMFDUSJDJUZ 5IF FóDJFODZ PG UIF 5& NBUFSJBMT SFRVJSFE mechanical properties of Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05 sample confirmed
for waste heat recovery is described in terms of figure of that the Sn doped zinc antimonide samples can be used as
NFSJU ;5
5PVTF5&NBUFSJBMTGPSBVUPNPUJWFXBTUFIFBU FóDJFOUUIFSNPFMFDUSJDNBUFSJBMTGPSEFWJDFBQQMJDBUJPOT
SFDPWFSZ UIF;5PGUIF5&NBUFSJBMTTIPVMECFFOIBODFEBU
UIFPQFSBUJOHUFNQFSBUVSF ,,
;JODBOUJNPOJEFT
BSF DPOTJEFSFE BT FóDJFOU 5& NBUFSJBMT GPS BVUPNPUJWF
XBTUFIFBUSFDPWFSZBQQMJDBUJPOTEVFUPUIFJSøFYJCJMJUZPG
fabrications and cost effectiveness.

5IF OBOPTUSVDUVSFE QUZQF ;O4Sb3, Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05and


Co0.05Zn3.95Sb3 samples were processed by powder
metallurgy route. The samples consist of Zn4Sb3, ZnSb
and elemental Zn/Sb phases. After one thermal cycle
under argon at heating rate of 5 K/min upto 573K, the
Zn concentration is reduced in the samples but the
nanocrystallinity is still retained (Fig. 1). While Zn4Sb3
sample shows metallic conducting behavior, Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05
and Co0.05Zn3.95Sb3 samples behave like degenerate
semiconductor. The values of thermal band gap,
thermopower and thermal conductivity values remain
almost constant even after three thermal cycles for the
doped samples (Fig. 2). In the case of Zn4Sb3, the thermal
CBOEHBQJT_F7BOEF7CFGPSFBOEBGUFSUIFSNBM
DZDMFSFTQFDUJWFMZ5IFJODSFBTFPGCBOEHBQGSPNF7UP
F7BGUFSUIFSNBMDZDMFJO;O4Sb3 could be due to the
QSFTFODFPGNJYFE:;O4CBOEE;O4Sb3 phases. ZT of ~ 0.3
is achieved at 573 K for Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05 sample. Hardness and Fig. 2 (a) Temperature variation of electrical resistivity (U) and (b) power factor (PF)
reduced Young’s modulus measurements using Berkovich for Sn doped zinc antimonide (Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05) upto three thermal cycles.

Fig. 1 XRD patterns and TEM image of spark plasma sintered samples (Zn4Sb3, Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05, Co0.05Zn3.95Sb3). The reference patterns of E-Zn4Sb3 and :-ZnSb phases are given
for better visualization of the different phases present in the sample.

Contributors: B Priyadarshini, D Sivaprahasam and R Gopalan

13
Centre for Solar Energy Materials

T he Centre for Solar Energy Materials (CSEM) conducts R&D related activities based on materials, processes and components
pertaining to solar thermal and photovoltaics. Key research areas include CIGS thin film solar cells, perovskite solar cells and
selective absorber tube for concentrated solar thermal power (CSP). Development of antireflective and dust repellent coatings for
conventional and emerging PV modules constitutes another major area of activity. The Centre collaborates closely with industry
partners ranging from start-ups to energy industry heavyweights. State-of-the art characterization facilities available at CSEM assist
the Centre’s efforts to provide service to industry for assessing the performance and operational stability of various photovoltaic and
solar thermal components.
Organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly emerged as a disruptive technology due to their high efficiency. A
maximum efficiency of 16% has been achieved in lab-scale PSCs and 50mm x 50mm prototype module with power output of 70
mW was demonstrated. Current efforts are being focused on the scale-up of PSC technology to 100mm x 100mm solar tiles for
e-bike recharging station and smart window applications. The Centre is also focussing on carrying out synthesis of non-toxic and
intrinsically-stable novel perovskite materials.
A Four meter long prototype solar receiver tube with > 95% absorption and 0.16 emittance was successfully developed by a
combination of chemical oxidation and sol-gel method and is being tested in the field for medium temperature CSP applications.
Low-temperature and on-site curable self-cleaning coating with high transmittance and weather stability was developed for dust
cleaning in previously installed PV panels. Assessing the long-term benefit of such coating on cumulative energy production from
commercial PV power plant is underway.
PV modules based on direct band-gap CIGS thin film may offer performance and cost advantages compared to the traditional c-Si
solar cell. The Centre’s CIGS pilot line operates on ‘sputtering + selenization’ concept to fabricate 300 mm x 300 mm size mini-modules
on glass substrate. Molybdenum back contact layer and AZO thin film with desired properties were deposited on large area substrate.
Development of CIGS absorber layer by non-vacuum ink-based route and pulsed electrodeposition method is also being explored as
low-cost alternative to the established vacuum processes.
Thermal evaporator facility and Magnetron sputtering system are recently installed for the deposition of various thin films. Contact
angle and surface tension measurement setup and Stylus profilometer are added to augment the Centre's characterization capabilities.

Thermal evaporator system RF-magnetron sputtering system

Contact angle & Surface tension measurement system Stylus profilometer


S Sakthivel Tata Narasinga Rao
ssakthivel@arci.res.in tata@arci.res.in

14
Research and Technology Highlights

Ambient Processing of Inorganic Hole


HotelTransporting
TransportingMaterial
Material
(HTM) for Perovskite Solar Cells

Easwaramoorthi Ramasamy easwar@arci.res.in

Organometal halide perovskites have received significant was optimized for obtaining a desired film thickness range
BUUFOUJPO EVF UP UIFJS FYDFMMFOU DIBSHF DBSSJFS USBOTQPSU  of 200 ~ 300 nm with minimal damage to the underneath
IJHIMJHIUBCTPSQUJPODPFóDJFOUBOEMPXUFNQFSBUVSFöMN QFSPWTLJUFBCTPSCFSöMN4&.JNBHFDPOöSNUIFGPSNBUJPO
QSPDFTTJOH " TUBUFPGUIFBSU MBCPSBUPSZ TDBMF BDUJWF BSFB PG VOJGPSN BOE QJOIPMF $V4$/ MBZFS PO ."1C*3/TiO2/FTO
< 0.1 cm2) perovskite solar cell (PSC) prepared using MAPbI3 stack. The photovoltaic performance of CuSCN HTM devices
QFSPWTLJUFMJHIUBCTPSCFSBOETQJSP0.F5"%TNBMMNPMFDVMF were measured under 1 sun condition and compared with
organic hole transporting material (HTM) already reached TUBOEBSETQJSP0.F5"%)5.EFWJDFT 5BCMF
$POUSPMEFWJDF
NPSF UIBO  QPXFS DPOWFSTJPO FóDJFODZ )FODF  NPTU QSFQBSFE VTJOH HMPWFCPY QSPDFTTFE TQJSP0.F5"% )5.
of the recent efforts are being focused on encapsulation, TIPXT   QPXFS DPOWFSTJPO FóDJFODZ K). The low K
MPOHUFSN TUBCJMJUZ BOE VQTDBMJOH PG 14$ UFDIOPMPHZ GPS PCTFSWFE GPS BJSQSPDFTTFE TQJSP0.F5"% )5. NBJOMZ
commercial applications. The processing of PSCs in a comes from low fill factor caused by poor conductivity.
NPJTUVSFGSFFBOEJOFSUHMPWFCPYBUNPTQIFSFJTPOFPGUIF This result highlights the need of controlled atmosphere
critical factors which affect most of the aforementioned issues. GPS QSPDFTTJOH PSHBOJD )5.T 0O UIF PUIFS IBOE  BJS
QSPDFTTFE$V4$/)5.CBTFEEFWJDFFYIJCJUTJNJMBS7OC and
Initial hypothesis was, organometal halides are ‘moisture and JSC to those of control device. However, the fill factor was
PYZHFOTFOTJUJWFBOEHMPWFCPYBUNPTQIFSFJTOFDFTTBSZGPS moderate and can be attributed damages caused to the
QSFQBSJOHBEFGFDUGSFFBCTPSCFSMBZFS)PXFWFS JUIBTCFFO absorber layer during CuSCN deposition. The optimization
proved that optimum amount of moisture could beneficially PG&5.QFSPWTLJUFBOEQFSPWTLJUF)5.JOUFSGBDFUPJODSFBTF
dissolve the reactant species and accelerate the nucleation the fill factor beyond 0.60 is underway. This may pave the
BOEDSZTUBMMJ[BUJPOPGQFSPWTLJUFöMN/FWFSUIFMFTT BNCJFOU XBZ GPS UIF SFBMJ[BUJPO PG BMMBJSQSPDFTTFE IJHI FóDJFODZ
QSPDFTTJOH PG IJHI FóDJFODZ 14$T SFNBJOT B DIBMMFOHF
CFDBVTF PG TQJSP0.F5"% )5. )ZHSPTDPQJD -J5'4* TBMU
additives employed to improve the hole mobility of Table 1 Device parameters of PSCs with various hole transporting materials
organic HTM, restricts the entire ink formulation and HTM Hole
JSC VOC FF η
MBZFS EFQPTJUJPO JOTJEF UIF HMPWF CPY )FSF JO XF TIPX transporting
(mA cm-2) (mV) (%) (%)
material
that inorganic p type semiconductor copper thiocynate
$V4$/
 DBO CF VTFE BT BJSQSPDFTTBCMF )5. GPS 14$T Spiro-OMeTAD
19.9 998 0.26 5.2
(air)
'JHTIPXTUIFDSPTTTFDUJPOBM4&.JNBHFPG$V4$/)5.
Spiro-OMeTAD
CBTFE 14$ GBCSJDBUFE PO 'MVPSJOF EPQFE 5JO 0YJEF '50
 (control)
16.7 960 0.69 11.1
glass substrate. The HTM solution was prepared by dissolving
5 mg/ml CuSCN salt in propyl sulphide followed by spin CuSCN
14.8 900 0.54 7.2
(air)
coating at 2000 rpm for 30 seconds. The coating process

Fig. 1 Cross-section SEM image of CuSCN HTM based PSC (left) and current-voltage characteristics of PSCs with various HTMs (right)

Contributors: Vishesh Manjunath and Kadusu Rameshkumar

15
Research and Technology Highlights

High Performance and Thermally Stable Tandem Solar Selective


Absorber Coating using Spinel Type of Transition Metal Oxide

Shanmugasundaram Sakthivel ssakthivel@arci.res.in

Concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) technology is for us. However, we attempted to solve it by incorporating
capable of harnessing the immense solar resource and Lyothermally synthesized crystalline nano zirconia particles
it is emerging as a key technology to generate electricity JOUPBDPNQPTJUFTPMVUJPOQSFDVSTPS .O$V$P
BOEGPSNJOH
XJUI B MPX MFWFM PG HSFFOIPVTF HBT FNJTTJPO *O $41  B IJHI a composite nanoparticle layer. Absorption enhanced further
temperature can be created by concentrating the sun’s with an aid of mesoporous MgF2 nanoparticle layer on top of the
rays with the aid of reflectors to produce electricity in a BCTPSCFSMBZFS8FIBWFBDIJFWFEBOFYDFMMFOUPQUJDBMBCTPSCFS
thermodynamic cycle. In CSP plants, storage of thermal layer with αsol  Ⱦ5000C  TIPXJOH BO FYDFMMFOU UIFSNBM
energy enables power generation even in the absence of solar TUBCJMJUZ NBYJNVN VQ UP ¡$ JO BO PQFO BJS BUNPTQIFSF
radiation contributing to CSP’s can able to generate power. condition. The fabrication of tandem absorber system is simple,
BOEEPFTOPUEFNBOEDPNQMFYFRVJQNFOU XIJDINBLFTUIF
#PUISFDFJWFSBOEDBSOPUFóDJFODZQMBZBNBKPSSPMFJOUIF UBOEFN BCTPSCFS TZTUFN  B CFTU DIPJDF GPS UIF DPTUFòFDUJWF
PWFSBMMFóDJFODZPGUIFDPODFOUSBUFETPMBSQPXFSTZTUFN*O power generation by a concentrated solar power (CSP) system.
UIJT QFSTQFDUJWF  IJHI QIPUPUIFSNBM DPOWFSTJPO FóDJFODZ
can be achieved with a spectrally selective absorber coating
44"$
BOEIJHIDBSOPUFóDJFODZXJMMCFBDIJFWFEXIFOUIF
temperature of heat transfer fluid (HTF) is 600°C or higher.
&NQMPZJOH44"$TUIBUDBOCFPQFSBUFEBU¡$PSIJHIFSDBO
MFBEUPIJHIUFNQFSBUVSFPG)5'BTXFMMBTDBSOPUFóDJFODZ
Therefore, it is important for SSACs to possess high spectral
selectivity in terms of high solar absorptance (αs) of >0.95 &
low emissivity εTJOUIFSBOHFPG˜N˜N 
respectively, high thermal & chemical stability with high Fig. 1 FIB cross sectional images of (a) Single and
span of life. (b) Tandem composite nanoparticle absorber layer

Generally, high temperature solar selective absorber coatings


DBO CF PCUBJOFE CZ QIZTJDBM WBQPS EFQPTJUJPO 17%
 SPVUF 
QBSUJDVMBSMZTQVUUFSJOH TQBSLFSPTJPO DBUIPEJDBSD17% BUPNJD
layer deposition are applicable for mid and high temperature
applications. These methods lead to high costs due to large
BNPVOU PG NBUFSJBM DPOTVNQUJPO  DPNQMFY BOE FYQFOTJWF
equipment, and it could be a potential problem for cost effective
production. Wet chemical methods such as Anodization,
&MFDUSPDIFNJDBMEFQPTJUJPOBOEDIFNJDBMPYJEBUJPO IBWFBMTP
CFFO SFQPSUFE BT MPXDPTU NFUIPET JO DPNQBSJTPO UP WBQPS
deposition techniques but coatings obtained by these methods
do not offer high chemical and thermal stability. Moreover, Fig. 2 TEM and HR-TEM images of Mn-Cu-Co-Ox-ZrO2 composite nanoparticles: a) TEM; b)
& c) HR-TEM; d) Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of Mn-Cu-Co-Ox-ZrO2
NFUIPETMJLFDISPNFFMFDUSPQMBUJOH DIFNJDBMPYJEBUJPOBSFOPU composite nanoparticles
environmental friendly.

From a material point of view, spinel materials have shown


promise as selective absorbers during the last decade due
UP UIFJS JOIFSFOU IJHI UFNQFSBUVSF BOE PYJEBUJPO TUBCJMJUZ
In addition, Spinels are amenable to the substitution of a
large number of transition metals, which can be chemically
tailored to tune the optical properties of SSAC’s.

The present work describes about the design and fabrication of


a novel absorber system to attain high performance absorber
coatings which are thermally stable for temperatures ≥500°C in
air with high spectral selectivity. Achieving high thermal stability
CZTPMVUJPOQSFDVSTPSNFUIPEIBECFFOBOFYDJUJOHQSPCMFN Fig. 3 Optical properties of tandem spectrally selective absorber coating

Contributors: M Shiva Prasad and Srinivasa Rao Atchuta

16
Research and Technology Highlights

Particulate Ink Based Non Vacuum Route for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Thin


Film Absorber Layer

Amol C Badgujar badgujaramol@project.arci.res.in

Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 PS $*(44F BSF DIBMDPQZSJUFCBTFE EJSFDU In2S3 were detected, as confirmed by Raman analysis.
CBOE HBQ NBUFSJBMT IBWJOH IJHI BCTPSQUJPO DPFóDJFOU &WPMVUJPO PG NJDSPTUSVDUVSF PG QSJTUJOF BT TQSBZFE öMN UP
5IFSFGPSF  B $*(44F öMN UIJDLOFTT PG POMZ  ˜N JT dense void free selenized CIGSSe thin films with bigger
adequate for solar cell applications. The ability to adjust grains could be realized from Figure 2(a). Improved
band gap as well as thermal and chemical stability of morphology is indicative of high degree of crystallinity
CIGSSe has also contributed to making it a popular thin consistent with structural analysis. Compositional and
öMNBCTPSCFSNBUFSJBMBOEMFEUPFóDJFODJFTFYDFFEJOH optoelectronic properties are summarized in Table1.
% and 16 % for cell and module, respectively. Conventional #BOEHBQBOEDBSSJFSDPODFOUSBUJPOPG$*(4&UIJOöMNTBSF
DPFWBQPSBUJPO  TQVUUFSJOHTFMFOJ[BUJPO SPVUFT BSF known to be dependent upon Ga/(Ga+In) and Se/(S+Se)
WBDVVN CBTFE FYQFOTJWF BOE IJHIMZ DPNQMFY 5P NBLF ratio. As CIG alloy NPs were employed as precursors, Ga/
CIGSSe technology commercially competitive, scalable (Ga+In), Cu/(In+Ga) ratios remained unchanged which is
OPOWBDVVN JOL CBTFE QSPDFTTJOH OFFET UP CF FYQMPSFE critical for device fabrication. With increase in selenization
Particulate based precursors provide high degree of temperature, Se/(Se+S) ratio was observed to increase
compositional uniformity essential to obtain device quality indicating replacement of S by Se atom in chalcopyrite
absorber layers. In this work we present CIGSSe thin film structure. As a result, band gap of CIGSSe thin films
BCTPSCFS MBZFS GSPN TQSBZ DPBUJOH PG BRVFPVT OBOPJOL SFEVDFE UP  F7 GPS TFMFOJ[BUJPO UFNQFSBUVSF PG oC
comprised of CuInGa alloy NPs (<100 nm), Se NPs (< 100 as seen from Figure 2(b). All films were observed to have
ON
 BOE UIJPVSFB BT TVMQIVS TPVSDF EJTQFSTFE5IF OBOP BCTPSQUJPODPFóDJFOUPGPSEFSPG5 cm as measured from
ink was sprayed on bilayer Molybdenum thin films (500 transmission spectrum. All films were observed to be p type
nm) coated on Soda Lime glass substrate at temperature while films selenized at higher temperature confirm better
of 150ºC. The pristine thin films were selenized under N2 mobility and carrier concentration indicative of improved
BUNPTQIFSF JO RVBSU[ GVSOBDF UFNQFSBUVSF GSPN  crystallinity consistent with composition. In conclusion, a
525ºC. The obtained CIGSSe thin films were characterized non vacuum ink based route was successfully employed to
for phase, structure, composition, optical and electrical prepare device quality CIGSSe thin film absorber layer.
QSPQFSUJFT VTJOH 93%  3BNBO  93'&%4  677J4/*3 BOE
Hall effect respectively. Table 1 Composition, Hall measurements and optical band gap of selenized
CIGSSe thin films
The phase conversion of as sprayed NPs precursors to Selenization Ga/ S/ Carrier Hall Band
ternary chalcopyrite CIGSSe phase was realized from XRD temperature Ga+In (S+Se) Concentration Mobility gap
plot as presented in Figure 1. Peaks corresponding to (oC) (cm-3) (cm27tT

(eV)
CIGSSe phase became sharp and intense as selenization
temperature was increased indicating crystallization and 475 0.35 0.31 6.7e15 3.91 1.30
grain growth. No binary phases of CuSe/CuS and or In2Se3/

500 0.35 0.28 2.71e17 0.773 1.28

525 0.35 0.25 1.59e17 12.01 1.25

(a) (b)

Fig. 1 XRD plots of CIGSSe thin films selenized Fig. 2 (a) Tauc plot calculated from transmission spectrum and (b) Surface and cross
at different temperatures section morphology (inset) CIGSSe thin films selenized at 525oC

Contributor: Sanjay R Dhage

17
Research and Technology Highlights

Vertically Alligned TiO2 Nanorods for Highly Efficient and Stable


Perovskite Solar Cells

Ganapathy Veerappan ganapathy.inspire@project.arci.res.in

5SBEJUJPOBMMZ XJEFCBOEHBQ TFNJDPOEVDUPST 5J02, ZnO, nanorod photoelectrode, infiltration of small molecular HTM
SnO2  FUD
 BSF VTFE BT BO FMFDUSPO USBOTQPSU MBZFS &5-
 JO was also enhanced. Whereas, the above mentioned things are
QFSPWTLJUFTPMBSDFMMT 14$T
BOENPTUPGUIFSFQPSUFE&5-TBSF not accessible easily in the nanoparticulate TiO2 electrodes
composed of nanoparticulate electrodes. In the conventional (Figure 1c).
nanoparticulate TiO2 /$5J02
&5- XFOFFEUPBEESFTTTFWFSBM
DPNQMJDBUJPOT TVDI BT CMPDLBEF PG FMFDUSPOT EVF UP IJHI Photovoltaic performance based on the variation in the
inter particle resistance throughout the nanocrystalline layer, length of the TiO2 Nanorods is investigated and represented
which results in low open circuit voltage, poor infiltration of CZ +7 DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT JO UIF BCPWF 'JHVSF 5IF QFSPWTLJUF
QFSPWTLJUFJOUPUIFEFFQFSMBZFSTPG&5-XPVMETPNFUJNFMFBE sensitized TiO2 OBOPSPE PG MFOHUI  ON FYIJCJUT TIPSU
to poor current density. However, these complications can be circuit current density of 18.8mA/cm2 with an open circuit
effectively controlled by replacing nanocrystalline TiO2 layer WPMUBHFPGN7 öMMGBDUPS ''
PGBOEPWFSBMMQPXFS
XJUI%PS%NFUBMPYJEFT 5J02, ZnO, SnO2) nanostructures. DPOWFSTJPOFóDJFODZ 1$&
PGVOEFSTVOJMMVNJOBUJPO
5IF OPUBCMF JODSFBTF JO UIF FóDJFODZ GPS UIF5J02 nanorod
Despite faster electron transport, ZnO nanorod based PSCs based cells over TiO2 nanoparticulate cells arrives from
were inferior to those of TiO2 nanorod based solar cells. all the photovoltaic parameters (Figure 1d and Table 1).
Whereas, nanorod structured TiO2 was popularly employed as *ODSFBTF JO7OC and JSC for the TiO2 nanorod based device is
&5- TJODFJUIBTIJHIFMFDUSPOEJòVTJPOMFOHUIBOEQSPWJEFT observed because of the perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) contacted
direct electron transportation to the electrode by reducing BOEJOöMUSBUFEEFFQJOUPUIF&5- MFBEJOHUPEFDSFBTFJOUIF
the recombination rate. TFSJFTSFTJTUBODFBOEFOIBODFNFOUJOFóDJFODZ*OTFUJNBHF
in Figure 1d shows the normalized stability curve of the two
*O UIJT XPSL  XF IBWF TZOUIFTJ[FE WFSUJDBMMZ BMJHOFE % different photoelectrodes. And among them, TiO2 nanorod
TiO2 nanorods (TiO2/3
 CZ IZESPUIFSNBM NFUIPE BOE JUT based devices showed much better stability when compared
TVDDFTTGVM VUJMJ[BUJPO JO BNCJFOU QSPDFTTFE 14$T BT BO &5- with the conventional TiO2 nanoparticulate PSCs.
layer. The porosity and length of the electrode plays a vital
role in perovskite sensitization and infiltration of the hole
Table 1 Photovoltaic performances of PSCs made with two different photoelectrodes
transport material (HTM). The Figure 1a, and b shows the
DSPTTTFDUJPOBM '&4&. JNBHFT PG UIF 5J02 nanoparticulate Photoelectrodes JSC VOC FF η
BOE OBOPSPE 14$ EFWJDFT %VF UP UIF % 5J02 nanorods (mA cm-2) (mV) (%) (%)
morphology, high volumetric surface area, and macro pores
TiO2-NR 18.8 939 61.9 11.0
formed in between individual rods pave enough space
for the perovskite to sensitize all over the photoelectrode. NC-TiO2 17.4 912 58.5 9.3
Additionally, due to the large pores present in the TiO2

(c)

(d)
Fig. 1 Cross-sectional FE-SEM images of the perovskite solar cell devices composed of (a) TiO2 Nanoparticulate electrode, (b) TiO2 nanorod electrode, (c) Schematic diagram representing
electron transport in TiO2 nanoparticle Vs nanorods and (d) Current-voltage spectrum of the two different photoelectrodes, (Inset image showing their corresponding stability data).

Contributors: M Suresh and K Vaithinathan

18
Research and Technology Highlights

Fabrication of CIGS Films Containing Single Crystal Nano-rod


Architectures by Electrodeposition

B V Sarada sarada@arci.res.in

Increase in demand for the production of environmental DPOUBJOJOH TVDI OBOP BSDIJUFDUVSFT FYIJCJU FOIBODFE
friendly electrical energy has motivated the research surface area compared to traditional planar films and
involving several new materials and processes for the direct enable the light absorption through the length of the rod
conversion of solar energy for clean energy production. while the charge separation occurs across the rod thereby
"NPOHUIFEJòFSFOUBCTPSCFSMBZFSTJOWFTUJHBUFEGPSUIJO reducing minority carrier diffusion length. High resolution
film based solar cells, direct bandgap material, Cu(In,Ga) 5&.BOE4"&%BOBMZTFTSFWFBMUIBUUIFOBOPSPETBSFTJOHMF
Se2 XJUI  BO BEKVTUBCMF CBOEHBQ JO UIF SBOHF PG o crystalline in nature and correspond to (112) orientation
F7 XIJDIJTJOUIFNBYJNVNTPMBSBCTPSQUJPOSFHJPO XJUI of CIGS. The stoichiometric composition of the CIGS
B MBSHF BCTPSQUJPO DPFóDJFOU BOE MPOH UFSN TUBCJMJUZ IBT nanomesh structures and the formation of the single
CFFOTIPXOUPCFQSPNJTJOH*OBEEJUJPO OBOPTUSVDUVSFT crystalline chalcopyrite phase with no undesired phases
with one dimensional architecture, owing to the desirable BSFWBMJEBUFECZ5&. 93%BOE3BNBOBOBMZTFT1VSF$*(4
physical properties and the geometry, are attractive for phase with no copper selenide secondary phase is formed,
solar photovoltaic applications. However, developing as can be observed from the Raman spectrum (Figure
UIF OBOPTUSVDUVSFE BSDIJUFDUVSFT FTQFDJBMMZ JO B DPNQMFY B
 *OTFU
 .PUU4DIPUULZ TUVEJFT IBWF DPOöSNFE UIBU
system such as CIGS, where stoichiometry of elements is UIF $*(4 öMN GPSNFE UP CF B TFNJDPOEVDUPS PG QUZQF JO
crucial, by a room temperature process is challenging. OBUVSF5IFTFOBOPNFTIBSDIJUFDUVSFTFYIJCJUFEFYDFMMFOU
absorption, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical
1SFTFOU TUVEZ SFQPSUT UIF GBCSJDBUJPO PG $*(4 OBOPNFTI 1&$
QSPQFSUJFT*OBEEJUJPO BTQBDFDIBSHFDBQBDJUBODFBT
like structures containing single crystal nanorods by a IJHIBT˜'JTPCTFSWFEGSPNUIF.PUU4DIPUULZBOBMZTJT
novel pulse reverse electrodeposition technique on Mo and a photocurrent density of 4.3 mA/cm2 was observed
sputtered glass. The nanostructures have been formed by GSPN UIF 1&$ +7 DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT VOEFS TPMBS TJNVMBUFE
the optimization of forward and reverse pulse parameters MJHIU5IF5BVDT QMPU  ZJFMET B CBOEHBQ PG BCPVU  F7
where a desired proportion of deposition is followed by a which is in good agreement with the values reported for
precise dissolution of the material. The most interesting IJHIFóDJFOU$*(4EFWJDFT 'JHVSFC

observation of the present study is the formation of
single crystal nanorods of stoichiometric CIGS without The present approach reveals a room temperature pulse
any high temperature treatment. The conventional SFWFSTF FMFDUSPEFQPTJUJPO QSPDFTT UP GBCSJDBUF FóDJFOU
FMFDUSPEFQPTJUJPO UFDIOJRVFT SFRVJSF B QPTUBOOFBMJOH nanostructured CIGS absorber layer with superior
treatment at ~550°C in order to achieve chalcopyrite properties on large substrates with effective utilization
DSZTUBMMJOF QIBTF  '&4&. 'JHVSF B
 BOE 5&. BOBMZTFT PGNBUFSJBMTDPNQBSFEUPFYJTUJOHIJHIUFNQFSBUVSFCVML
reveal the diameter of the nanorod to be ~50 nm. Films material approaches.

(a) (b)

Fig. 1 (a) FESEM image of the CIGS nanomesh structures. Inset represents the Raman spectrum of the as-deposited CIGS nanostructured thin-films, (b) Tauc’s plot obtained for the
nanomesh CIGS film. Inset represents the IV characteristics of the absorber layer from PEC measurements.

Contributer: Sreekanth Mandati

19
Research and Technology Highlights

Development of CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells by Two Step


Selenization Process

Sanjay R Dhage dhage@arci.res.in

*O UFSNT PG SFMJBCJMJUZ BOE FóDJFODZ  $V *O (B


4F2 (CIGS) front contact with sheet resistance 60 Ω/ and about 65%
TPMBS DFMM JT DPOTJEFSFE UP CF UIF NPTU QSPNJTJOH UIJOöMN transmittance in visible light was coated to complete the
QIPUPWPMUBJD UFDIOPMPHZ 5IF FóDJFODZ FWPMVUJPO PG $*(4 cell. A schematic of full stack CIGS thin film solar cell device
during the last few years has been the most impressive within configuration can be seen in Figure 2.
UIF UIJOöMN TPMBS UFDIOPMPHJFT  NPSFPWFS DPNQBSBCMF UP
NVMUJDSZTUBMMJOF TJMJDPO DFMMT BOE FWFO NPSF FóDJFOU UIBO Performance of complete cell was tested under dark and 1
BNPSQIPVTTJMJDPO B4J
BOEDBENJVNUFMMVSJEF $E5F
5IF TVO B QIPUPDPOWFSTJPO FóDJFODZ PG   XBT PCUBJOFE
current challenges in CIGS thin film technologies include GSPNGVMMTUBDLTPMBSDFMMEFWJDF ;O4"V;O4$E4$*(4.P
reducing the manufacturing cost and faster transfer of R&D (MBTT
POUIFJTPMBUFEBDUJWFBSFBPGNNYNN5IFPQFO
SFTVMUT UP JOEVTUSJBM QSPEVDUJPO "NPOH WBSJPVT FYJTUJOH DJSDVJUWPMUBHFPG7BOEDVSSFOUEFOTJUZPGN"DN2
process technologies the two step process consisting of was realized from the photoactive device, as shown in Figure
sputtering and selenization using selenium vapors, has 'VSUIFSFòPSUTJOJNQSPWJOHQIPUPDPOWFSTJPOFóDJFODZ
high potential to utilize the materials effectively and has BSFVOEFSXBZ"T7oc is directly relate to material quality, the
NJOJNVNUPYJDJUZ*OWJFXPGUIJT UXPTUFQQSPDFTTIBTCFFO JNQSPWFNFOU7oc is being target by improving quality of CIGS
adapted to make quality CIGS absorber and thin film solar absorber by eliminating binaries and by surface passivation
cell device. PG$*(4UPJNQSPWFUIF$*(4$E4JOUFSGBDF

A quality p type CIGS absorber thin film was developed


using a two step approach, deposition of CuGa/In precursor
thin films by magnetron sputtering followed by rapid
thermal processing (RTP) using Se vapors as source. Highly
crystalline chalcopyrite phase of CIGS thin film of about
 ˜N GFBUVSJOH EFTJSFE DPNQPTJUJPOBM VOJGPSNJUZ PG $V
(In+Ga)=0.99 and Ga/(In+Ga)=0.38 ratio was achieved by
optimizing various selenization process conditions. Highly
DPOEVDUJWF TIFFU SFTJTUBODF  Ȱ) Molybdenum
bilayer thin film back contact of 673 nm, comprising of seed
and bulk layers sputtered on soda lime glass was used as
TVCTUSBUF'VSUIFS BCPVUONOUZQFTFNJDPOEVDUJOH$E4
buffer layer on top of CIGS absorber layer was coated by
DIFNJDBMCBUIEFQPTJUJPOUPGPSNQOKVODUJPO'&4&.$SPTT
TFDUJPOJNBHFPG$*(4.PJTTIPXOJOöHVSF;O4"V;O4
Fig. 2 Schematic of CIGS thin film solar cell configuration

Fig. 1 FESEM Cross section image Fig. 3 I-V performance of thin film solar cell (ZnS-Au-ZnS/CdS/CIGS/Mo/Glass)
of CIGS/Mo thin film under dark and light

Contributors: V Rajendra Prasad, P Uday Bhaskar, Amol C Badgujar, Brijesh Singh Yadav and Amrita Choudhari

20
Research and Technology Highlights

Optimization of Precursor Conditions to Prepare Large Area CdS


Thin Films of Variable Thickness

P Uday Bhaskar pudayb@project.arci.res.in

$BENJVN TVMQIJEF $E4


 &H F7
 CZ DIFNJDBM free, 50 nm thick quality CdS thin film is realised using ratios
bath deposition (CBD) technique is commonly used as PG$E"NNBOE$E5V7BSJPVTFYQFSJNFOUBM
B IFUFSPKVODUJPO QBSUOFS JO IJHI FóDJFODZ SFQPSUFE parameters such as reaction time, Cd/Tu, Cd/Amm ratios
Cu(InGa)Se2UIJOöMNTPMBSDFMMT"IJHIRVBMJUZOUZQF$E4 were varied, to estimate the influence on thickness of
buffer layer on substrate size of 30 cm X 30 cm has been the CdS film. Broadly, increase in thickness was observed
SFBMJ[FE VTJOH TFNJBVUPNBUFE $#% TZTUFN 5P BDIJFWF with increasing Cd/Amm ratio (Table.1). As Cd/Amm ratio
desired optical and electrical properties in CdS, various JTJODSFBTFE UIFBWBJMBCJMJUZPGGSFF$E JPOTJTFYQFDUFE
FYQFSJNFOUBMDPOEJUJPOTPGDIFNJDBMCBUIXFSFPQUJNJ[FE to increase which will contribute in growth of thick CdS
The primary focus here was to achieve particulate free CdS film for a given time. XRF measurements confirmed the
thin film with thickness in the range of 50 to 100 nm, as highest film thickness of average 106 nm with thickness
variable thick CdS film is desired depending on morphology uniformity of ~12 % on substrate area of 30 cm X 30 cm
of CIGS absorber to have full surface coverage. From the GPS$E"NNSBUJPPG5IFDSPTTTFDUJPOBMJNBHFPGUIF
reaction kinetics of CdS formation, it can be inferred that film and compact dense grain morphology of CdS film
Cadmium to Ammonia (Cd/Amm) and Cd to Thiourea (Tu) confirm uniform growth as can be seen in Figure 1. The
plays a vital role in achieving desired optical and electrical transmittance of the films was recorded at 4 different
properties in CdS buffer layer for application in CIGS solar MPDBUJPOPOMBSHFBSFBBOEGPVOEUPCF UIFCBOE
cell. gap is estimated by (DhQ)27TIQ plot, the values are in the
SBOHFPGF7 'JHVSF
5IFUIJDLOFTTWBSJBUJPOPG
*O UIF FYQFSJNFOUBM XPSL  $E404, thiourea, ammonia CdS film can be seen visually on the films deposited on
and DI water were used as starting precursor solutions. .PDPBUFE HMBTT TVCTUSBUFT PG  DN 9  DN 'JHVSF 

Cd/Tu (1.84 to 1.93) and Cd/Amm (1.09 to 1.80) volume In conclusion, large area CdS films with uniform thickness
ratios were varied by changing the individual precursor could be coated by precursor optimization indicating its
concentrations to make CdS thin film on area of 30 cm promise for large area CIGS panels.
X 30 cm glass substrate. The variation of CdS thickness
was realized by varying the Cd/Amm ratio and thickness
variation visually can be seen clearly on the CdS film when Table.1 Summary of experiments for achieving CdS different thickness
EFQPTJUFE PO TQVUUFSFE .PDPBUFE HMBTT TVCTUSBUFT PG  Expt. No Cd/Amm Cd/Tu Thickness Time Uniformity
cm X 30 cm. The film properties like thickness, morphology, (volume (volume ( nm) %
ratio) ratio)
transmittance and band gap were determined at different
locations on 30cm X 30 cm substrate. 1 1.09 1.84 50 5 m 50sec 11.7

2 1.09 1.84 60 7 m 50sec 13.7


*O UIF FYQFSJNFOUBM BOBMZTJT  JU JT GPVOE UIBU QBSUJDVMBUF
3 1.34 1.86 80 6m 10sec 20.1

4 1.34 1.93 63 5 m 50sec 18.6

5 1.34 1.84 43 5 m 50sec 41.4

6 1.80 1.85 106 6 m 10sec 11.5

Fig. 1 (a) Cross-sectional image of CdS film on glass Inset: (a) Surface image of film Fig. 2 Variable thick CdS film deposited on
(b) (DhQ)2 Vs hQplot Mocoated substrates of 30 cm X 30 cm size

Contributer: Sanjay R Dhage

21
Research and Technology Highlights

Low Temperature Deposition of High Quality ZnO and ZnO:Al


Window Layers for Thin Film Solar Cells by RF Magnetron
Sputtering
Prashant Misra prashant.misra@project.arci.res.in

Transparent window layer comprising a bilayer of intrinsic UPTVCTUSBUF EJTUBODF BSF PQUJNJ[FE UP PCUBJO EFTJSFE
;O0 J;O0
BOE"MEPQFE;O0 LOPXOBT;O0"MPS";0
 properties in films with good uniformity over the entire
is an integral part of CuInSe2CBTFEUIJOGJMNTPMBSDFMMT  substrate area. Substrate is constantly rotated during
which are among the leading contenders for practical the deposition for improving the uniformity. Deposition
MBSHFTDBMF QIPUPWPMUBJD TZTUFNT 5IF UIJO J;O0 MBZFS UJNFJTDPOUSPMMFEJOEFQFOEFOUMZGPSPCUBJOJOHJ;O0BOE
(~50 nm) is highly resistive. Apart from acting as a shunt AZO films of about 50 nm and 500 nm respectively. Film
CVTUJOH MBZFS  JU BMTP QSPUFDUT UIF VOEFSMZJOH $E4$* (
thickness, optical transmittance and electrical resistivity
S interface from sputtering damage during subsequent BSF NFBTVSFE SFTQFDUJWFMZ VTJOH 93'  QSPCF BOE
deposition of AZO layer. The thicker AZO layer (~500 spectrometry techniques.
nm) at the top is highly conducting and performs the
function of photocurrent collection. Both layers must 4VSGBDF 4&. PG PQUJNJ[FE ";0 MBZFS TIPXO JO 'JH
have high optical transmittance in visible region (~80%) 1) indicates a highly compact film structure without
and additionally the AZO layer must also have low QPSPTJUZ 5SBOTNJUUBODF PG ";0 BOE J;O0 BT B GVODUJPO
electrical resistivity (10o ƆDN SBOHF
 UP TFSWF JUT of wavelength is plotted in Fig. 2. Resistivity mapping of
desired function. Magnetron sputtering has evolved as AZO layer is shown in Fig. 3. Average visible transmittance
a favourable deposition method for these layers because  ON
 GPS ";0 BOE J;O0 JT  BOE 
PG JUT FYDFMMFOU GJMN UIJDLOFTT VOJGPSNJUZ  FBTZ TDBMBCJMJUZ SFTQFDUJWFMZ 3FTJTUJWJUZ GPS ";0 JT Y ƆDN
and relative ease of controlling process parameters. 1SPQFSUJFTFYIJCJUFECZCPUIMBZFST TVNNBSJ[FEJO5BCMF
However, the properties of sputter deposited films 1) are suitable for their use as window layers in thin film
are highly dependent on various process parameters, solar cells. Furthermore, absence of any high temperature
TVDI BT EFQPTJUJPO QPXFS  XPSLJOH QSFTTVSF  UBSHFU step makes the process very attractive to thin film solar
UPTVCTUSBUF EJTUBODF  BOE TVCTUSBUF UFNQFSBUVSF *O DFMMTPOGMFYJCMFQPMZNFSTVCTUSBUFTBTXFMMBTNBOZPUIFS
particular, deposition at elevated substrate temperatures transparent electrode applications, where use of polymer
oo$
 BOEPS B QPTUEFQPTJUJPO IFBU USFBUNFOU TVCTUSBUF QVUT B SFTUSJDUJPO PO UIF NBYJNVN QSPDFTTJOH
in an inert environment at similar high temperatures is temperature during device fabrication. Currently, this
considered to be essential for obtaining good properties CJMBZFS J;O0";0 BSF CFJOH VTFE GPS $*(4 EFWJDF
in sputtered films. At ARCI, we have optimized the RF fabrication while further optimization is underway to
sputtering process to obtain comparable electrical improve film properties.
and optical properties in these films deposited at room
UFNQFSBUVSFBOEXJUIPVUBOZBEEJUJPOBMQPTUEFQPTJUJPO Table 1 Average properties of i-ZnO & AZO layers
heat treatment. Avg. properties over 50 mm x 50 mm area
Layer
A dual RF magnetron sputtering system (made by APT, Thickness (nm) Resistivity (Ω-cm) Visible T* (%)
1VOF  *OEJB
 FRVJQQFE XJUI w QMBOBS DBUIPEFT PG J;O0 i-ZnO 49.2 NA 74
and AZO is used for depositing films on SLG substrate of 50 AZO 513 7.32E-03 77
NNYNNBSFB3'QPXFS XPSLJOHQSFTTVSFBOEUBSHFU
*Transmittance values are with reference to Air

Fig. 1 Surface SEM of AZO layer Fig. 2 Transmittance of AZO and i-ZnO Fig. 3 Resistivity mapping of AZO

Contributors: M Sreekanth and B V Sarada

22
Research and Technology Highlights

Fabrication of Thin Films Solar Cell Stack using Electrodeposited


CIGS Absorbers

Sreekanth Mandati mandatisree@project.arci.res.in

&MFDUSPEFQPTJUJPO JT POF PG UIF NBKPS OPOWBDVVN The pulse electrodeposited and annealed CIGS films are
approaches utilized for the fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) further processed to fabricate the CIGS solar cell stack
thin films solar cells to effectively reduce the processing DPOUBJOJOH OUZQF $E4  JOUSJOTJD ;O0 BOE BMVNJOJVN EPQFE
costs. However, a conventional electrodeposition ZnO (AZO). In the stack, CdS acts as a buffer layer and forms
BQQSPBDIFNQMPZTNVMUJTUFQQSPDFTTJOH UISFFFMFDUSPEF QOKVODUJPOXJUIQUZQF$*(4XIJMFJ;O0JTBQSPUFDUJWFMBZFS
TZTUFN  VTF PG DPNQMFYJOH BHFOUT  TFMFOJ[BUJPO  FUD UP BOE ";0 JT UIF USBOTQBSFOU DPOEVDUJOH PYJEF BOE BDUT BT
EFQPTJUQIBTFQVSFDIBMDPQZSJUF$*(4öMNT*OUIJTDPOUFYU  front contact for collection of charge carriers. Chemical bath
a single stage electrodeposition approach involving deposition is adopted to deposit CdS thin films of thickness ≈
advanced pulse plating features is demonstrated for 50 nm. Thereafter, ZnO and AZO thin films are deposited using
the preparation of stoichiometric polycrystalline CIGS 3'NBHOFUSPOTQVUUFSJOHQSPDFTTJOBDPQMBOBSDPOöHVSBUJPO
films by employing a two electrode system devoid of Initially, 50 nm thick ZnO is sputtered using reactive sputtering
DPNQMFYJOH BHFOUT BOE DPOWFOUJPOBM TFMFOJ[BUJPO TUFQ with O2 gas while maintaining a chamber pressure in the
Pulsed electrodeposition is performed on Mo foil while order of 105PSS4VCTFRVFOUMZ BQQSPYJNBUFMZON";0
high purity graphite plate is used as anode using a is sputtered onto the CIGS/CdS/ZnO stack. Figure 2(a) shows
EFQPTJUJPO QPUFOUJBM JO UIF SBOHF  UP 7 BOE B EVUZ UIFDSPTTTFDUJPOBMNPSQIPMPHZPG$*(4$E4;O0";0TUBDL
DZDMFPGo$*(4öMNTBSFBOOFBMFEQPTUEFQPTJUJPO indicating the compact morphologies of each layer. The
in Ar atmosphere at a temperature of 550 °C for 30 min to thickness of layers are observed to be ≈ 900, 50 and 600 nm
improve their crystallinity. Figure 1(a) shows the top view for CIGS, CdS, and ZnO/AZO bilayer, respectively. Figure 2(b)
4&.JNBHFPGBOOFBMFE$*(4öMNTVOWFJMJOHUIFDPNQBDU shows the Raman spectra of electrodeposited CIGS, CIGS/CdS
dense morphology which is suitable for application in and CIGS/CdS/ZnO/AZO layers which confirm the presence of
thin films solar cells. XRD pattern in Fig. 1b confirms the each layer in the stack with corresponding Raman modes as
tetragonal chalcopyrite structure of CIGS revealing the indicated. Currently, optoelectronic characterization of CIGS
preferred orientation corresponding to (112). solar cell stack is under progress.

(a) (a)

(b) (b)

Fig. 1 (a) Surface morphology and (b) XRD pattern of pulse electrodeposited Fig. 2 (a) Cross-sectional morphology and (b) Raman spectra of
annealed CIGS thin films CIGS/CdS/ZnO/AZO solar cell stack

Contributors: Divya, Prashant Misra and B V Sarada

23
Centre for Nanomaterials

T he Centre for Nanomaterials (CNM) was established to develop and produce nanopowders and nano structured materials on a
technology demonstration scale. Various facilities like RF induction plasma unit, Flame spray pyrolysis unit etc. were established
to produce nano materials on large scale to cater to the on-going research and technology development activities. In particular,
facilities such as high energy horizontal ball mill and special purpose furnace were established to produce electrode materials for Li
ion batteries and Super capacitors.

The major research activities being carried out at the Centre are: development and production of cost effective materials for Li ion
battery and super capacitors for electric vehicle applications, oxide dispersion strengthened steels for high temperature applications,
2-D transitional metal sulphides as additives to lubricants and grease and also as catalysts, filtration media for fluoride removal from
water and endotoxins from blood.

In terms of technology transfer and commercialisation, various anti-bacterial and self-cleaning textile products, such as shirts and
jeans based on the nano silver and nano TiO2 technologies of ARCI were launched in the market. These technologies were transferred
to a Bengaluru based company. Nano silver based suspensions for antibacterial application on textiles received the prestigious
TDB National Award 2016 from President of India; process for production of Silica aerogel flexible sheets for thermal insulation was
successfully demonstrated to the technology receiver and the product is expected to be launched soon; lead-free copper alloys for
bimetal bearings for automotive industry was successfully completed and is awaiting technology transfer.

Currently, the Centre is attempting to upscale the process for producing 2D transition metal sulphides. During ARCI TechEx 2017, the
demonstration of an electric bicycle and toys with super capacitors attracted the attention of several visitors.

Prestigious TDB National Award 2016 for Demonstration of product to the receiver of Lead free bimetal
indigenous technology commercialization of Technology for the production of Aerogel based connecting rod
nano Ag based antibacterial textiles thermal insulation sheets bearings

Signing of agreement between ARCI and HPCL for the


Development of Transition Metal Sulfides Demonstration of an electric bicycle and toys with super capacitors during ARCITechEx-2017

R Vijay Tata Narasinga Rao


vijay@arci.res.in tata@arci.res.in

24
Research and Technology Highlights

Nano-structured Electrocatalyst Development for HER and OER


Water Splitting Based Solar Energy Storage

Pramod H Borse phborse@arci.res.in

&MFDUSPDIFNJDBM XBUFS TQMJUUJOH JOUP IZESPHFO BOE 'JHVSF   TIPXT UIF 5&. PG OBOPTIFFUT XIJDI BSF
PYZHFO JT B QSPNJTJOH NFUIPE GPS TPMBS FOFSHZ TUPSBHF useful for reducing the overpotential and yield a Pt like
5IF EFWFMPQNFOU PG FóDJFOU FMFDUSPDBUBMZTUT GPS XBUFS DPNQFUJUJWFTZTUFNGPS)&3BQQMJDBUJPOJOBOFMFDUSPMZ[FS
splitting has drawn much attention. However, catalysts These systems additionally find applications in IR/optical
UIBUBSFBDUJWFGPSCPUIUIFIZESPHFOFWPMVUJPOBOEPYZHFO EFUFDUPS  QIPUPDPOEVDUPST  IPMPHSBQIJDEFUFDUPST FUD
evolution reactions are rare. Nanostructured sulfides/ "3$*JTGBCSJDBUJOH)&3FMFDUSPEFGPSBOFDPOPNJDBTXFMM
carbides/phosphides are the potential alternative electro FóDJFOUFMFDUSPMZ[FS
DBUBMZTUTGPS)ZESPHFOFWPMVUJPOSFBDUJPO )&3
BTXFMMBT
PYZHFOFWPMVUJPOSFBDUJPOT 0&3
 A1 A2

At ARCI, a simple and economic method is being devised


for producing the nanostructured sulfide, phosphide and
DBSCJEF FMFDUSPEF GPS )&30&3 CBTFE IZESPHFOPYZHFO
gas generation. This has tremendous applications as
alternative fuel for transport, mining, steel, jewellery and
health sector as indicated in Figure 1. ARCI is developing
OBOPTUSVDUVSFE FMFDUSPEFT GPS )&3 BQQMJDBUJPO XJUI NBJO A3 A4
focus on developing an improved electrolyzer.

Fig.2 FESEM photograph of the various sulfide nanostructures for HER applications wrt
Fig.1 Various potential material systems for different energy applications wrt HER based optical properties.
water splitting and others.
A B
Sulfides/
Figure 2 shows various types of nanostructures as
phosphides
nanosheets, and other symmetric shape nanostructures,
that have been synthesized by economic methodology.
The morphological evolution of nanostructures is clearly
validated by optical property variation as indicated by hue
analysis.

These nanostructures are prepared by vacuum and H2S gas


free technique. The respective dispersions project their
band gap tunability with morphological changes, those Fig.3 TEM photograph of the typical sulfide nanostructure that is used for HER application
can be useful in visible as well as IR based photocatalyst during hydrogen evolution reaction. The schematic is indicative of the respective
and photoconductors. mechanism for water splitting.

Contributor: Jyothi Chandran

25
Research and Technology Highlights

Development of Progressive Reactive Hot Press (PRHP) for High


Density Fe or Fe-based PM Components

Malobika Karanjai malobika@arci.res.in

Particulate material (PM) processing technologies after taking out from the solution was dried and heat treated
JODPSQPSBUFE OFXFS NFUIPET MJLF XBSN DPNQBDUJPO  SF VOEFS JOFSU  IZESPHFO BOE PYJEBUJPO BUNPTQIFSFT BU $
pressing, hot rolling, hot forging, metal infiltration, injection GPS  I BOE TVCKFDUFE UP DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO 4&. NPSQIPMPHZ
NPVMEJOH  QSFTTVSF TJOUFSJOH  IPU FYUSVTJPO  IPU JTPTUBUJD XJUI&%9BOBMZTJTTIPXOJO'JHDPOöSNTUIFQSFTFODFPG/J
pressing etc to attain near theoretical densities. However, 1EFQPTJUJPO'VSUIFS 9SBZEJòSBDUJPOTUVEJFTPG/J1DPBUFE
the prohibitive cost of the secondary hot consolidation graphite before and after calcination showed the changes in
techniques has always been a restricting factor for the /J1QIBTFPGUIFEFQPTJUFEöMNBTTIPXOJO'JH
traditional PM market. Moreover, with composites entering
UIF1.NBSLFUBOESFQMBDJOHUSBEJUJPOBM1.QBSUTBOEIJHI 5IF/J1DPBUFEHSBQIJUF TVCKFDUFEUPTDSBUDIUFTUTJOEJDBUFE
FOEBQQMJDBUJPOT IPUQSFTTJOHJTUBLJOHPWFSTJHOJöDBOUTIBSF UIBU UIF /J1 DPBUJOH XBT BEIFSFOU 'VSUIFS UIF QSPDFTT
of sintering furnaces. Thus, the driving force of the PM market was repeated on coated substrates to increase the coating
is to make hot presses cheaper and less energy consuming. thickness and it was found that the coatings with increased
In several hot pressing techniques like hot isostatic pressing, UIJDLOFTTCFZPOEUIFöSTUDPBUPG˜N EFWFMPQFEDSBDLT
TQBSL QMBTNB TJOUFSJOH FRVJQNFOUT  &$"4 UFDIOJRVFT  upon calcination. Presently, further fine tuning of the process
etc, consumables like crucibles, dies or moulds become is to be undertaken on actual graphite die.
BO FYUSFNFMZ JNQPSUBOU GBDUPS GPS DPOTJEFSBUJPO  XIFO
compressive loads and strength at high temperatures of the
PSEFS PG $ BSF BQQMJFE %JòFSFOU NBUFSJBMT MJLF
HSBQIJUF TJMJDPODBSCJEFPS8$$PBSFVTFEBTEJFTPSDSVDJCMFT
EFQFOEJOHPOUIFQSFTTVSFUFNQFSBUVSFSFHJNF0VUPGUIFTF 
HSBQIJUF JT UIF NPTU XJEFMZ VTFE  CFDBVTF PG JUT FYDFMMFOU
thermal and electrical properties, ease of machinability and
low cost. However, the drawback is its degradation above 600
¡$JOBOPYJEJ[JOHBUNPTQIFSF UIFSFCZMJNJUJOHUIFPQFSBUJOH
atmosphere in hot presses to be either inert or vacuum. And
IFODF SFOEFSTIPUQSFTTJOHBOFYQFOTJWFQSPDFTT

At ARCI, attempts are therefore being made to develop Fig. 1 Process flow chart of electroless coating of graphite
some protective coatings on graphite substrate. Different
NFUIPETMJLF17% $7% TPMVUJPOUFDIOJRVFTBSFVTFEBTöMN
EFQPTJUJPOUFDIOJRVFTGPSQIPTQIJEF PYJEFPSDBSCJEFCBTFE
coatings of Ni, Mg, Cu, Si etc on different substrates. One
TVDITPMVUJPOUFDIOJRVFMJLFFMFDUSPMFTTDPBUJOHPGOJDLFM &/

was adopted for deposition of Ni/ Ni alloy film on graphite
substrate. The process is autocatalytic as it develops potential
when the substrate is immersed in a bath containing the
requisite precursor solution (consisting of the source of Fig. 2 SEM(EDX) microstructure of NixP coated graphite
metal ions(salts), stabilizers, reducing agents and others), by
enabling release of energy through charge transfer process of
ions between solution and substrate.

The process flow chart is depicted in Figure1. The graphite


substrate was etched and activated using various activation
techniques. Stoichiometric concentrations of salts of Ni and P
XFSFNJYFEJOUIFQSPQFSNPMBSSBUJPTUPPCUBJOUIFSFRVJTJUF
concentrations, while controlling the requisite pH. The
TPMVUJPONJYJOHUJNF UIFQ) UIFTBMUCBUI UJNFPGJNNFSTJPO 
and replenishment of precursor solution with time and
different molar concentrations of Ni & P were varied to obtain
a proper film deposition on graphite. The graphite substrate Fig. 3 XRD of coated graphite before & after calcination

Contributors: Pramod H Borse, Shaik Riyaazuddien and Joydip Joardar

26
Research and Technology Highlights

Oxidation Behaviour of Nanostructured 2D-WS2

Joydip Joardar joydip@arci.res.in

/BOPTUSVDUVSFE UXPEJNFOTJPOBM %
 UVOHTUFO EJTVMQIJEF size and thickness of the nanosheets in BM grade when
(WS2
JTBOFYDFMMFOUNVMUJGVODUJPOBMNBUFSJBMXJUIXJEFSBOHF DPNQBSFEUPUIF.8%842.
of potential applications viz. solid lubricant for aerospace and
automotive sectors, an electronic material, a versatile catalyst
BTXFMMBTBOFMFDUSPEFNBUFSJBMGPS-JJPOCBUUFSJFT FUD*ONBOZ
PGUIFTFBQQMJDBUJPOT UIFNBUFSJBMJTFYQPTFEUPUFNQFSBUVSFT
BCPWFOPSNBMBNCJFOUDPOEJUJPOT5IVT PYJEBUJPOSFTJTUBODF
of the material is an important issue for all such applications.
%JòFSFOU HSBEFT PG %842nanosheet powders with an
average thickness of about 10 nm were synthesized at ARCI
CZBOJOOPWBUJWFHBTTPMJESFBDUJPOTZOUIFTJTNFUIPE QBUFOU
öMFE
 #BTFE PO UIF QSFQSPDFTTJOH PG UIF SFBDUBOUT CZ CBMM
NJMMJOH #.
PSNJDSPXBWF .8
UIFBTTZOUIFTJ[FE%842
QPXEFST XFSF DBUFHPSJ[FE BT #. PS .8 HSBEF 0YJEBUJPO
CFIBWJPVSPGUIF#.BOE.8HSBEFOBOPTUSVDUVSFE%842
was studied at elevated temperature in air using differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC). The various stages of phase
USBOTJUJPOBOEPYJEBUJPOUBLJOHQMBDFEVSJOHUIF%4$SVO BT Fig. 1 DSC plots of various grades of WS2 nanosheet and coarse powders heated in air
manifested by the various peaks in the DSC profile at different (heating rate 10ºC/min)
TUBHFTPGIFBUJOH XBTJOWFTUJHBUFECZIJHIJOUFOTJUZNJDSP
BSFB%9SBZEJòSBDUJPO 93%
PGUIF%4$TBNQMFT5IFIJHI
JOUFOTJUZ NJDSPBSFB %93% TUVEJFT PO UIF %4$ TBNQMFT
XBT QFSGPSNFE VTJOH 3JHBLV 3BQJE** %NBY TZTUFN XJUI
.JDSP.BY)'BOPEF4BNQMFTGPSNJDSP93%TUVEJFTXFSF
DPMMFDUFEGSPNUIF%4$FYQFSJNFOUTSJHIUBGUFSUIFPDDVSSFODF
PGFBDIPGUIF%4$QFBLT0YJEBUJPOSFTJTUBODFPGUIFEJòFSFOU
grades of WS2 nanosheet powders was compared with that of
commercially available coarse (C) grade.

Figure 1 shows DSC plots of various grades of WS2 samples.


Commercial coarse grade WS2 TIPXFE DPNQMFUF PYJEBUJPO
beyond 600o$4JHOJöDBOUPYJEBUJPOPGUIF.8HSBEF%842
nanosheet powder was observed between 430 to 500°C. A
small fraction of WS2 was still retained at this stage as evident Fig. 2 High-intensity micro-area XRD patterns of MW and BM grade WS2 nanosheet
GSPN'JHVSF5IFPYJEJ[FEQPXEFSDPOUBJOFEPSUIPSIPNCJD powders after heating up to various temperatures in air during DSC run
WO3, which is in accordance with its known stability in (a) (b)
PSUIPSIPNCJD TUSVDUVSF JO UIF UFNQFSBUVSF SBOHF PG 
740°C. The ball milled BM grade of WS2 nanosheet powders,
POUIFPUIFSIBOE XBTDPNQMFUFMZPYJEJ[FEUPPSUIPSIPNCJD
WO3 at about 450°C. No trace of WS2nanosheets could be
PCTFSWFEJOUIJTDBTFGSPNUIFNJDSPBSFB93%BOBMZTJT 'JHVSF

)PXFWFS UIFOBOPTUSVDUVSFE%QBSUJDMFNPSQIPMPHZXBT
(c) (d)
TUJMMSFUBJOFEUPTPNFFYUFOUBUUIJTTUBHF 'JHVSF
5IFTFPYJEF
particles eventually transformed to a much finer and nearly
spherical particles on heating to higher temperature of 700oC,
BTFWJEFOUGSPN'JHVSF%SPQJOUIFPYJEBUJPOSFTJTUBODFPG
the nanostructured WS2UPBCPVUoC when compared
to coarse grade (~600oC) could be ascertained from these
TUVEJFT.BSHJOBMEJòFSFODFJOUIFPYJEBUJPOCFIBWJPVSPG#. Fig. 3 FE-SEM images of nanostructured 2D-WS2 particles (a) As synthesized and
BOE.8HSBEFPG%842 could be correlated to the smaller after oxidation in air at (b) 350oC (c) 450oC and (d) 700oC

Contributors: A Harish Kumar, K Murugan, Balaji Padya, L Venkatesh and P V V Srinivas

27
Research and Technology Highlights

Strengthening Contributions of Grain Boundary and Grain


Interior in Nano to Micron Grain Sized Cu–1 wt%Al2O3 Composite

S B Chandrasekhar chandru@arci.res.in

At low temperatures, grain boundaries (GBs) act as a source was plotted as a function of strain for various grain sizes. As
of dislocations as well as resistance to dislocation motion. shown in Fig. 2(b), the ratio V H k H d>1 was noted to
This causes an increase in strength with decrease in grain increase with grain size and strain, and it increased rapidly for
TJ[F E
 BDDPSEJOH UP )BMMo1FUDI )o1
 SFMBUJPOTIJQ 5IF (# d ≥ 0.55 μm. This reveals that GB effect is more than that of
area increases rapidly with decrease in grain size and more GI, V H k H d GPSEźɅNXIFSFBTUIFSFWFSTFJTUSVF
so in submicron and nanocrystalline range. The difference for the larger grain sizes.
in strengths between the GBs and grain interior (GI) at the
onset of plastic strain continues diminishingly during further %JTMPDBUJPO BDUJWJUZ TUBSUT BU NJDSPoZJFMEJOH TUBHF PG
deformation. While, in the early part of deformation, the deformation. In the beginning of plastic deformation, the
dislocations move through GI easily but face greater resistance EJTMPDBUJPOT HFU QJMFEoVQ BHBJOTU CBSSJFST MJLF (#T BOE
at the GBs, the increasing dislocation density (DD) later makes particles whereas other barriers are circumvented by curving
the GB unreachable by the newer dislocations. This results in PG EJTMPDBUJPO MJOFT 0ODF EJTMPDBUJPOT QJMFoVQ  JU SFTVMUT JO
continued variations in local structure and stress distribution back stress within the GI and this creates resistance to the
in polycrystalline material. Presented here is the reflection movement of newer and newer dislocations. This source
PG TVDI EZOBNJTN PG DIBOHFT BOBMZ[FE JO $V XU "M2O3 of internal stress could be the reason that in the beginning
composite with various grain sizes like 25 μm, 2 μm, 0.55 μm, of deformation, k is smaller and σ0 is larger for dźɅN
0.11 μm and 70 nm. Tensile tests were performed at RT at an TNBMMFSEJTMPDBUJPOQJMFoVQMFOHUI
UIBOUIFJSSFWFSTFEPSEFS
initial strain rate of 10o so and at room temperature. From the of magnitudes for d ≥ 0.55 μm. On further deformation to small
TUSFTToTUSBJODVSWFTGPSWBSJPVTHSBJOTJ[FT UIF)o1UZQFQMPU strains, the higher DD of the lead dislocations in the vicinity
is made to describe the effects of grain size on yield stress (σy) of GBs, in conjunction with the adjoining parallel dislocation
and flow stress at selected strain levels, Fig. 1. QJMFoVQT BSSBOHFUPGPSNMPXFOFSHZDPOöHVSBUJPOJOUIFGPSN
of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs). The density
5IFWBMVFTPG)o1DPOTUBOUTσ0 and k at various strain levels of GNDs (UG) is proportional to strain gradient (dε/dr), which
were obtained by regression analysis for each region of the increases with increasing average strain (έ) and decreasing d.
CJoMJOFBS)o1QMPU5IF)o1QBSBNFUFSk with increasing strain This results in greater work hardening rate at the GBs, thereby
is plotted as a function of the corresponding σ0 in Fig. 2(a). SBJTJOHUIFWBMVFPGLJO)o1FRVBUJPOFòFDUJWFMZJOUIFFBSMZ
This suggests the increase in both the parameters linearly part of deformation. Similarly, UG GPS öYFE TJ[F BOE WPMVNF
over the smaller strains whereas later k becomes nearly fraction of particles, increases with strain. The DD increases
constant and independent of σ0, which continues to increase in the GI (statistically stored dislocation density, US) as well as
till larger strain. Thus, the GB strengthening is more important NPSF TP OFBS UIF (# BOE NBUSJYQBSUJDMF JOUFSGBDF UG + US).
in the early part of deformation whilst GI strengthening could The higher DD observed in the 70 nm grain sized sample is
be more important at larger strains. Towards assessing this ascribed as the source of higher work hardening rate and
probability, the ratio of GI to GB strengthening, V H k H d, the development of cells/subgrains by dynamic recovery.
5IFSFCZ POFXPVMEFYQFDUUIFTVCTUSVDUVSFTFWPMWJOHJOUIF
GI in the form of cell wall and subgrain boundary become
barriers that do not permit the dislocations to reach the GB.
Thus, the strengthening effect of such substructures in totality
could be greater than that of the GB.

(a) (b)

Fig. 1 H–P plot of flow stress at ε = 0.002–0.025 suggesting bi–linearity instead of Fig. 2 (a) Interrelationship between the H–P parameters σ0 and k
conventional linear relationship (b) Plot of as a function of strain for various grain sizes

Contributors: M Ramakrishna, Nitin P Wasekar, M Nagini, Tata N Rao and B P Kashyap

28
Research and Technology Highlights

3D Porous Graphene by Spark Plasma Sintering for Bone Implants

Dibyendu Chakravarty dibyenduc@arci.res.in

% TDBGGPMET PG HSBQIFOF QPTTFTTJOH VMUSBMPX EFOTJUZ  Higher SPS temperature (400°C) breaks the 3D graphene
NBDSPQPSPVTNJDSPTUSVDUVSFBOEIJHIZJFMETUSFOHUIBOE TUSVDUVSFEVFUPJOGMVYPGFYDFTTJWFIFBU SFTVMUJOHJOMPX
stiffness was developed by the spark plasma sintering yield stress in the sample. A comparative evaluation of
(SPS) process. The starting GO flakes were spark plasma mechanical properties as a function of porosity for the
sintered between 200 and 400°C. The reduction of GO graphene scaffolds in this work and other bone implants
JOUPQVSFCJMBZFSFEHSBQIFOFXBTPCTFSWFE QPTTJCMZEVF is shown in Table 1.
to imposition of DC pulsed current during SPS processing
CFUXFFO ¡$5IF EFOTJUZ WBSJFE GSPN  GPS .54 BTTBZ XBT VTFE UP BTTFTT UIF DZUPUPYJDJUZ PG UIF
UIF EJGGFSFOU 414 DPOEJUJPOT 4&. BOBMZTJT SFWFBMT UIF samples. The MTS results show no significant decrease
overall microstructure to be uniform, with graphene in the cell viability, yielding values > 90% of the titanium
TIFFUT IBWJOH MFOHUIT  ɅN 5&. BOBMZTJT TIPXT control at different concentrations after three day. The
stacking of the sheets over one another along different cell numbers increase with culture time and the cells were
orientations, in Fig. 1, resulting in several dark overlapped observed to be healthy and viable, similar to commercial
regions in the micrograph. High current density during Ti bone implants. The thermal stability of graphene
SPS leads to welding of the adjacent graphene sheets in water was evaluated to further study its feasibility
in the overlapped regions, developing a 3D continuous BT BO JNQMBOU NBUFSJBM OP TUSVDUVSBM EFHSBEBUJPO XBT
porous nanostructured network. The structure and observed, indicating the samples to possess sufficiently
bonding mechanisms of the graphene sheets at different high structural stability at high temperatures despite
orientations were investigated through MD simulations UIFJSIJHIQPSPTJUJFT5IFIJHIEFHSFFPGCJPDPNQBUJCJMJUZ
which showed the presence of strong covalent bonds along with high porosity and good mechanical properties
between adjacent graphene sheets leading to structures makes graphene an ideal material for use as body
with good mechanical properties. implants.

The mechanical testing under compression loading Table 1 Mechanical properties and porosity of different bone scaffolds
is shown in Fig. 2. The sample spark plasma sintered at
Material Porosity, Strength, Stiffness, Young’s
300°C has higher yield stress (< 40 MPa) compared to % MPa kN/m Mod
other samples (~ 10 MPa) possibly due to their bonding. Ti 48 54 ± 5 - 7.7 ± 2
5IF GPSNBUJPO PG XFBL )CPOEJOH JO TBNQMF BU ¡$
HAp 41 34 ± 2 - -
due to retention of GO leads to lower strength in them.
The conversion from GO to graphene beyond 250°C is TCP 50 11 ± 1.3 - -

accompanied by formation of stronger covalent bonds Polyanhydride - 25-27 ± 3 - -


between the adjacent graphene sheets (300°C), which 3D graphene in
42 40 ± 3 8±1 4.1 ± 0.5
are reflected in their higher compressive strength values. current work

Fig. 1 TEM micrograph showing several graphene layers stacked together; Fig. 2 Compression testing of samples at different
dark patches indicate welding SPS temperatures

Contributors: C STiwary and P M Ajayan

29
Research and Technology Highlights

High Performance Multi-Layer Varistor (MLV) from Doped ZnO


Nanopowders using Water based Tape Casting

Kaliyan Hembram kaliyan@arci.res.in

.VMUJ-BZFS 7BSJTUPS .-7T


 JT BO PWFS WPMUBHF QSPUFDUJWF components and absence of bubbles compared to sample
device, is used for suppressing the voltage transients and B and D.
FMFDUSPTUBUJDEJTDIBSHF &4%
5IFPCKFDUJWFTPGUIJTXPSLBSF
(1) doped ZnO nanopowder was used as a starting material 7JTVBM JOTQFDUJPO  4&. BOE "'. BOBMZTJT PG #  $ BOE % öMN
to reduce sintering temperature and the number of layers samples were carried out to know the quality film. Crack free
UIJDLOFTT
PGBEFWJDF 
/POUPYJDJUZXJUIMPXDPTUXBUFS sample C with uniform film (~0.1mm) was obtained in sample
based tape casting was used to fabricate high performance C due to the homogeneous distribution of slurry as shown
.-7T 5IF QPXEFS  CJOEFS  QMBTUJDJ[FS  EJTQFSTBOU BOE JO öH  C
 "'. BOBMZTJT PG TBNQMF $ öMN FYIJCJUFE CFUUFS
surfactant were dispersed in a water to make slurry for roughness (38.30 nm) when compared with sample B and D
tape casting to make thick film. Rheological characteristics as shown in Figure 1(c). The sample B was having more pores
of the slurry and microstructure of the thick films were due to presence of water which evaporated while drying
studied to obtain defect free film by varying solid loadings. resulting in more roughness. The sample D was having more
*7 DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PG GBCSJDBUFE .-7T XFSF NFBTVSFE BOE DSBDLTEVFUPJOIPNPHFOFJUZPGTMVSSZ SFTVMUJOHJOWFSZIJHI
compared with commercial. roughness compared to sample B and C.

The doped ZnO nanopowder (~30 nm) with different loading 5IF .-7 XBT GBCSJDBUFE CZ MBNJOBUFE UIF öMN NBEF GSPN
slurry (Samples A,B,C and D 0%,30%,40% and 50%) of 30 ml TBNQMF $ BU  .1B  XJUI JOOFS FMFDUSPEF PG "H1E 5IF
was prepared in neutral pH. The viscosity decreased with HSFFO .-7T XFSF TJOUFSFE BU  „$ GPS I5IF DPFóDJFOU
increasing the shear rate of the slurry due to its thinning of nonlinearity of 16 and 15, and breakdown voltage of 316
behavior as shown in Figure 1(a). The rheological behavior of BOE7BOEMFBLBHFDVSSFOUBOE˜"XFSFPCUBJOFE
TBNQMFT# $BOE%XBTFYIJCJUJOHTIFBSUIJOOJOHUZQFøPX GPS "3$* BOE DPNNFSDJBM .-7T SFTQFDUJWFMZ #SFBLEPXO
behavior due to weakly flocculated solid whereas sample WPMUBHFPG"3$*NBEF.-7JTGPVOEUPCFTVQFSJPSDPNQBSFE
"FYIJCJUT/FXUPOJBOøPXCFIBWJPSEVFUPUIFBCTFODFPG to commercial one as shown in Figure 1 (d). Influence of
TPMJE4BNQMF$FYIJCJUFEWFSZHPPESIFPMPHJDBMQSPQFSUJFT different electrodes (Ni and Cu) on varistors properties is
due to better homogeneous dispersion of the organic under investigation to reduce the cost of the device.

(a) (b)

Thickness: 70 Pm

(c) (d)

Fig. 1 (a) Viscosity of slurries at different solid loading, (b) Photograph (c) AFM image of thick film made from slurry sample C and
(d) Comparison of I-V ARCI made MLV and commercial

Contributors: M Gririraj and K Murugan

30
Research and Technology Highlights

Development of Cost-effective High Performance Lithium


Titanate for Li-ion Battery Application

S Anandan anandan@arci.res.in

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged significantly Smaller particle size, carbon coating and the presence
and circumvented the market of electronic and electric PGPYZHFOWBDBODJFTBSFBUUSJCVUFEUPUIFFOIBODFNFOU
WFIJDMF &7
 JOEVTUSJFT EVF UP UIFJS EJTUJOHVJTIJOH JOFMFDUSPDIFNJDBMQFSGPSNBODFPG-50CZ)&.'VSUIFS 
GFBUVSFT TVDI BT  IJHI FOFSHZ EFOTJUZ  OPOUPYJD BOE UIFFMFDUSPDIFNJDBMUFTUJOHJOGVMMDFMMDPOGJHVSBUJPOXBT
MPOH DZDMF MJGF 5IPVHI HSBQIJUF JT FYUFOTJWFMZ VTFE BT also carried out using LiFePO4 as cathode and the results
an anode material in commercial LIBs, its low voltage are promising (Figure 2c & 2d). Further, the cost estimated
QMBUFBV _ 7
 NBLJOH JU QSPOF UP TPMJE FMFDUSPMZUF for the synthesis of 1Kg of material reveal that the cost
JOUFSGBDF 4&*
BOEUIFSFGPSFBGGFDUJOHUIFFMFDUSPDIFNJDBM PG -50 _ 64%
 TZOUIFTJ[FE CZ )&. JT MFTT UIBO UIF
performance. In contrast, Li4Ti5O12 MJUIJVNUJUBOBUF-50
 cost of commercial LTO (~215 USD) electrode material.
is one of the most promising anode materials owing to 'VSUIFSVQTDBMJOHUPQSPEVDFMBSHFRVBOUJUJFTPG-50BOE
JUT[FSPTUSBJODIBSBDUFSJTUJDEVFUPIJHIWPMUBHF _7
 optimization of full cell studies are in progress.
TUSPOH SFEPY SFBDUJWJUZ  BOE IJHI TUSVDUVSBM TUBCJMJUZ
Though there are a variety of techniques reported for (a) (b)
synthesis of lithium titanate, they involve complicated
synthesis procedures, huge requirement of solvents &
UPYJDDIFNJDBMTBOEFYQFOTJWFQSPDFTTDPTU'VSUIFS UIF
surface modification on synthesized LTO to overcome its
disadvantages (poor electronic and ionic conductivity)
render the process more complicated and unsuitable
for commercial applications. In order to overcome these
issues, ARCI intented to develop a simple, economical
and energy efficient scalable technique for production of (c) (d)
carbon coated LTO using a single step high energy milling
QSPDFTT )&.
 GPMMPXFE CZ IFBU USFBUNFOU 5IF TUFBSJD
BDJEVTFEJO)&.QSPDFTTQMBZTBEVBMSPMF POFBTQSPDFTT
controlling agent and other as carbon precursor which
is an added advantage compared to other techniques.
'VSUIFS JUBMTPIFMQTUPQSPEVDFPYZHFOWBDBODJFTXIJDI
can improve the electronic conductivity of LTO. With
optimized conditions ~2 Kg of LTO was successfully Fig. 1 (a) XRD pattern, (b) XPS spectrum, (c) FE-SEM image
(d) Particle size distribution of HEM LTO
TZOUIFTJ[FE CZ )&. QSPDFTT VTJOH 5J02 and Li2CO3 as
precursor for Ti and Li respectively.

9SBZEJGGSBDUJPOQBUUFSOPG-50 'JHVSF"
TIPXTTIBSQ
peaks at 2T =18.39o, 35.57o, 43.24o, 57.21o, 62.83o, 66.07o
XIJDIDBOCFJOEFYFEUPQIBTFPGQVSFDSZTUBMMJOFMJUIJVN
UJUBOBUFSFTQFDUJWFMZ  JOBHSFFNFOUXJUI*$%%
0207). XPS results (Figure 1b) of LTO show the presence
of Ti3+ in addition to Ti4+ confirming the presence of
PYZHFO WBDBODZ  XIJDI IFMQT UP JNQSPWF UIF FMFDUSPOJD
DPOEVDUJWJUZ PG -50 '&4&. JNBHF PG -50 'JHVSF D

shows moderate particle size with particles distributed
evenly throughout without any agglomeration. The
BWFSBHF QBSUJDMF TJ[F PCUBJOFE GPS -50 CZ )&. JT 
ON 'JHVSF E
 &MFDUSPDIFNJDBM SFTVMUT EFNPOTUSBUFE
UIBU -50 'JH B BOE C
 FYIJCJUFE TUBCMF DBQBDJUZ PG
~169 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 1C rate. Bench mark
studies (Fig. 2b) revealed that the specific capacity of
-50  N"IH
 TZOUIFTJ[FE CZ )&. JT IJHIFS UIBO
Fig. 2 (a) Charge-discharge profile and (b) Cyclic stability commercial and HEM LTO
the specific capacity of commercial LTO (113 mAh/g). in half cell (c) and (d) Full cell performance of HEM LTO with LiFePO4

Contributors: P M Pratheeksha, Shaik Nagur Baba, P V V Srinivas, R Vijay and Tata N Rao

31
Research and Technology Highlights

Development of Iron Aluminides by Cryo Milling

S Sudhakara Sarma sssarma@arci.res.in

Iron aluminides can be potential candidates for high studies regarding the evaluation of microstructure and tensile
temperature structural applications due to enhanced strength properties at elevated temperatures are in progress.
BOE SFTJTUBODF UP PYJEBUJPO BOE DPSSPTJPO  BOE MPX DPTU
However, these materials do not find use as components
in commercial applications due to poor ductility and drop
in strength beyond 5000C. Research is being carried out
worldwide to improve the ductility by addition of carbon and
chromium, and introducing fine grain structure. Dispersion
PG öOF _ ON
 BOE TUBCMF PYJEF QBSUJDMFT JO NFUBMT OPU POMZ
retain the fine grain structure but also improve the strength at
elevated temperatures. ARCI has initiated an R&D programme
GPSUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGPYJEFEJTQFSTJPOTUSFOHUIFOFE 0%4

iron aluminides for gas turbine blades.

Cryo milling, a technique in which high energy ball milling


is carried out at cryogenic temperature is employed for the
EJTQFSTJPO PG PYJEF QBSUJDMFT )FBWZ EFGPSNBUJPO JT JOEVDFE
into the powder particles during the milling thereby creating
large number of crystal defects such as dislocations, vacancies,
and interstitials and grain boundaries which promote grain Fig. 1 XRD patterns of cryo milled powders and extruded sample
SFöOFNFOU OPOFRVJMJCSJVNTPMJETUBUFBMMPZJOHBOEGPSNBUJPO
of new phases.

&MFNFOUBM'FBOE"MQPXEFSTUPGPSNTUPJDIJPNFUSJD'F3Al were
NJMMFEBMPOHXJUIOBOPZUUSJBQPXEFSJODSZPNJMMBU¡$GPS
10 h. The milled powders were filled in cans, degassed at 450°C
VOEFSY kPa vacuum. The sealed powder filled cans were
VQTFUGPSHFEBU¡$BOETVCTFRVFOUMZFYUSVEFEBU¡$JO
a 250 T hydraulic press.

9SBZ EJòSBDUJPO BT QBUUFSOT PCUBJOFE PO NJMMFE QPXEFS BT


well bulk sample are shown in Fig. 1. It is observed that the
prolonged milling time resulted in complete dissolution of Al
in Fe. Formation of Fe3Al was observed in consolidated sample.
5IF IJHI UFNQFSBUVSF FYQPTVSF BOE EFGPSNBUJPO JOEVDFE Fig. 2 Crystal orientation map of extruded sample
TUSBJOEVSJOHFYUSVTJPOQSPNPUFEUIFGPSNBUJPOPG'F3Al phase.

5IFDSZTUBMPSJFOUBUJPONBQPGUIFFYUSVEFETBNQMFJTTIPXOJO Extruded Material


Fig. 2. The microstructure contained fine grained structure with
BWFSBHFHSBJOTJ[FPGON5IFFYUSVEFENBUFSJBMFYIJCJUFEB
IBSEOFTTPG)7/BULHMPBE

Ductility of the material was measured with compression


UFTUJOHBOEUIFTUSFTTTUSBJODVSWFBUSPPNUFNQFSBUVSFVOEFS
DPNQSFTTJWFMPBEJOHJTTIPXOJO'JH5IFTBNQMFFYIJCJUFE
ideal failure of 45 degree shear and the photograph of failed
test sample is shown is inset of Fig. 3. Compression test results
JOEJDBUFE UIBU UIF FYUSVEFE 0%4JSPO BMVNJOJEF TBNQMF
FYIJCJUFE B  DPNQSFTTJWF TUSFOHUI PG  .1B BOE TUSBJO PG
24% at room temperature which are 30 and 50% respectively Fig. 3 Stress-strain curve under compression testing of
higher than conventionally manufactured Fe3Al. Further extruded sample at room temperature

Contributors: A V Reddy, R Vijay and Tata N Rao

32
Research and Technology Highlights

Biomass Derived Carbon – MgO Composites for Energy Storage


Applications

J Revathi revathi@arci.res.in

*OUIF&MFDUSPDIFNJDBMBMMPZJOHBOEDPOWFSTJPOGBNJMZPG electrochemical performance has enhanced remarkably


FMFDUSPEFNBUFSJBMT .H0JTVOFYQMPSFEBTBOPEFNBUFSJBM at 5A/g current density to 1200 mAh/g when compared
when compared with Sn, Si. Mg and MgO has theoretical with thermally processed activated carbon and activated
capacity of 3300 mAh/g and 2200 mAh/g respectively. carbon with capacities of 500 mAh/g and 200 mAh/g
Such high capacities are accompanied with 300% volume respectively.
FYQBOTJPO 4JNJMBS UP 4O BOE 4J CBTFE DPNQPVOET  .H0
also demands an efficient carbon based mechanical buffer
to accommodate the volume change during lithiation/
delithiation. Abundantly available biomass is an obvious
natural resource for carbon. Mineral resources for MgO
also being available in abundance make biomass derived
$BSCPOo.H0 DPNQPTJUFT BO FDPOPNJDBMMZ DPNQFUFOU
electrode material for energy storage applications. Using
Coconut shell derived activated carbon as the carbon
TPVSDF  DBSFGVMMZ FOHJOFFSFE $BSCPOo.H0 DPNQPTJUFT
were prepared by conventional thermal processing
technique. The intricate porous features of coconut
shell derived activated carbon as seen in Figure1 is an
added advantage for efficient electrolyte wetting and
mechanical buffer to retain the structural stability.

Thermal processing of activated carbon has modified the


nature of carbon and the presence of MgO has resulted in
catalytic effect as observed in the Id/Ig values mentioned in
Raman Spectra as seen in Figure 2. Coconut shell derived Fig. 2 Raman spectra of (a) Activated carbon (b) Thermally processed activated carbon
and (c) Its composite with MgO
hydrothermal activated carbon after thermal processing
had improved electrochemical performance. MgO doped
activated carbon on thermal processing delivered an
electrochemical performance that outperformed than
hydrothermally Activated carbon.

&YDFMMFOUDZDMJOHTUBCJMJUZBOESBUFDBQBCJMJUZPGUIFSNBMMZ
QSPDFTTFE BDUJWBUFE DBSCPO o .H0 JT B QSPNJTJOH
electrode material for energy storage applications.

Doping MgO into activated carbon has enhanced the


electrochemical capacities with cycling stability and
rate capability as seen in Figure 3. With just 6 wt.%
MgO content in the thermally processed composite, the

(a) (b)

Fig. 1 FESEM of thermally processed activated carbon – MgO composite Fig. 3 Cycling stability and rate capability of activated carbon and its MgO composite

Contributors: N Satya Moulika, A Venkata Sai, R Vijay and Tata N Rao

33
Research and Technology Highlights

Synthesis of Austenitic ODS Steel Powders through Mechanical


Alloying

P Sai Karthik saikarthik@project.arci.res.in

In search of an alternative for nickel based super alloys used in


high pressure compressor and low pressure turbine blades of
modern land based gas turbines, ARCI has identified austenitic
PYJEF EJTQFSTJPO TUSFOHUIFOFE TUFFM "0%4
 BT B QPUFOUJBM
substitute with attractive high temperature properties. The
AODS steel being developed through powder metallurgy
(P/M) route (not possible through wrought metallurgy) using
NFDIBOJDBM BMMPZJOH UFDIOJRVF JT FYQFDUFE UP XPSL JO UIF
UFNQFSBUVSFSBOHFPG¡$¡$

"VTUFOJUJD ȼ'$$
 TUFFM QPXEFS  CFJOH EVDUJMF  QSFTFOUT B
challenge in mechanical milling due to powder sticking.
Therefore, efforts are being put in at ARCI to develop an
alternate technique to produce AODS steel of nominal
DPNQPTJUJPO'F$S/J85J:2O3.
Fig. 1 SEM Image of pre-alloyed powder obtained from inert gas atomizer
*OFSUHBTBUPNJ[FEQSFBMMPZFEGFSSJUJDTUFFM 'F$S8
(a) (b)
5J
/J$S $S 5JBOEOBOP:2O3 powders were used for
this study. Mechanical alloying was carried out in a planetary
CBMMNJMM 'SJUTDI1
VTJOH44WJBMTBOEIBSEFOFETUFFMCBMMT
XJUIBCBMMUPQPXEFSSBUJPPGVOEFSBSHPOBUNPTQIFSF"MM
UIFQPXEFSIBOEMJOHXBTDBSSJFEPVUJOBHMPWFCPY5IFTUBHF
at which Ni is introduced was altered to get homogeneous
composition without deleterious effects of sticking. The
milled powders were compacted and subsequently annealed Fig. 2 As milled powders in (a) Weld dominant (b) Fracture dominant cases
at 1050°C under vacuum.

5IF NPSQIPMPHZ PG QSFBMMPZFE $S GFSSJUJD TUFFM QPXEFS JT


shown in Fig. 1. It is observed that the powder is spherical in
shape with wide variation in size ranging from 10 to 115 Pm.
The wider size distribution is due to the various parameters
FNQMPZFE EVSJOH BUPNJ[BUJPO QSPDFTT 5IF 4&. JNBHFT PG
milled powders are shown in Figs. 2 (a) and (b). It can be seen
UIBUUIFQPXEFSQBSUJDMFTFYIJCJUFEMBNFMMBSTUSVDUVSFUZQJDBMPG
Fig. 3 EDS scan on a weld dominant powder particle in powder showing point to point to
mechanical alloying. It is also observed that the introduction of variation in Ni (Blue), Green (Fe), Red (Cr)
/JUPUIFGFSSJUJDTUFFMNBUSJYIBTTJHOJöDBOUFòFDUPOUIFQBSUJDMF
size and morphology. In one case, welding was dominant
EVSJOH NJMMJOH SFTVMUJOH JO JODSFBTFE QBSUJDMF TJ[F PG  ˜N
and in another case, fracture was dominant which resulted in
öOFSQBSUJDMFTJ[FPG˜N&%4BOBMZTJTPOQPXEFSQBSUJDMFT
revealed large variations in Ni composition across the particle
(in Fig. 3) in the first case, while in second case Ni was more
PS MFTT IPNPHFOFPVTMZ EJTUSJCVUFE 93BZ EJòSBDUJPO TUVEJFT
XFSFDBSSJFEPVUJOBTNJMMFEBOEBOOFBMFEDPOEJUJPOT5IFEBUB
(Fig. 4) showed that the predominantly bcc (ferrite) pattern in
BTNJMMFE DPOEJUJPO DIBOHFE UP GDD BVTUFOJUF
 PO BOOFBMJOH

Further studies are in progress to obtain austenitic phase


BGUFSöSTUFYQPTVSFUPIJHIUFNQFSBUVSF6TJOHUIFPQUJNJ[FE
FYQFSJNFOUBMWBSJBCMFT MBSHFRVBOUJUJFTXJMMCFQSPEVDFEGPS
detailed evaluation. Fig. 4 XRD Plots of as-milled and annealed powder (multi step additions of Ni-Cr powder)

Contributors: S B Chandrasekhar, R Vijay and A V Reddy

34
Research and Technology Highlights

Decisive Role of Ordered Mesopores on Electrochemical


Performance of Activated Carbon-Carbon Based Electrodes
for High-Rate Supercapacitor Applications
Mani Karthik mkarthik@project.arci.res.in

Alternative green energy technology for transportation is A long range highly ordered mesostructured carbon is clearly
strongly needed in order to mitigate urban air pollution and WJTVBMJ[FE JO UIF 5&. JNBHF 5IF UFYUVSBM QSPQFSUJFT PG UIF
also to reduce the fossil fuel consumption. In this regard, DBSCPOT XFSF BOBMZ[FE CZ VTJOH / BETPSQUJPOEFTPSQUJPO
TVQFSDBQBDJUPS QPXFSFE FMFDUSJD WFIJDMFT &7T
 BSF DPOTJEFSFE measurements as depicted in Fig. 1c & 1d. The type I isotherm
as one of the alternative green energy technologies. JT DMFBSMZ TFFO GSPN 'JH D XIJDI JT JOEJDBUJWF PG UFYUVSBM
Supercapacitor is an emerging energy storage device owing to NJDSPQPSPTJUZ 0O UIF PUIFS IBOE  UIF UZQF *7 JTPUIFSN
its rapid charging and ability to deliver intense burst of power is observed (Fig. 1d) which indicates the presence of the
within few seconds. mesoporosity. In addition to that, the pore size distribution
(BJH) of the sample as shown in Fig. 1d also shows the presence
Activated carbon based electrodes are widely used in of micropores around 1.5 nm and mesopores around 4 nm,
commercial supercapacitors due to their high specific surface respectively.
BSFB FYDFMMFOUFMFDUSPOJDDPOEVDUJWJUZ HPPEDIFNJDBMTUBCJMJUZ
BOESFMBUJWFMZMPXDPTU)PXFWFS UIFUFYUVSBMQSPQFSUJFTPGUIF Finally, the electrochemical performances of the obtained
carbon based electrodes are the most critical factors which DBSCPO NBUFSJBMT XFSF FYBNJOFE JO OFVUSBM /B40
impact the specific energy and specific power of supercapacitors. FMFDUSPMZUF VQUP7
XJUIUXPFMFDUSPEFTTZNNFUSJDTZTUFN
Particularly, the specific capacitance and the rate capability CZ VTJOH DZDMJD WPMUBNNFUSZ $7
 BOE DIBSHFEJTDIBSHF
of supercapacitor electrodes are strongly dependent on measurements. From the electrochemical measurements,
the electrolyte access into the pores of the electrodes. it can be clearly observed that the presence of mesopores
can enhance the electrolyte diffusion with favorable ion
The purpose of the study at ARCI is to investigate the decisive transport and consequently improve the rate capability of the
role of ordered mesopores on electrochemical performance supercapacitors. It was found that the composite which contains
PG BDUJWBUFE DBSCPODBSCPO CBTFE TVQFSDBQBDJUPS FMFDUSPEFT 30 % mesopores showed the best performance in terms of
5IF SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO UIF UFYUVSBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJD PG UIF specific capacitance as well as rate capability (Fig. 2a & 2b).
carbon and the rate capability of the carbon electrodes were
FYBNJOFE*OUIJTSFHBSE IJHITVSGBDFBSFBNJDSPQPSPVTDBSCPO (a)
was synthesized by simple carbonization of pine wood followed
by KOH activation. Mesoporous carbon (MC) was prepared
CZ UFNQMBUF NFUIPE 'VSUIFSNPSF  TFSJFT PG NJDSPQPSPVT
mesoporous carbon composites with different mesoporous
DPNQPTJUJPOT XFSF QSFQBSFE CZ TJNQMF NJYJOH BOE UIF
electrochemical performance was evaluated. For comparison,
mesoporous carbon activated with KOH was also prepared and
investigated.

The structural morphology of the obtained carbon was


DIBSBDUFSJ[FECZVTJOH4&.BOE5&.BTTIPXOJO'JHBC
(a) (b)
(b)

(c) (d)
Fig. 1. Structural morphology and textural properties of carbon materials Fig. 2. Electrochemical performance of carbon materials

Contributors: M Vijayakumar, A Jyothirmayi, K Nanaji, S Anandan and Tata N Rao

35
Centre for Engineered Coatings

I n continuation of the past efforts of establishing its leadership in the area of development of surface engineering technologies
and transferring to Indian industry, significant efforts have been made during the year by launching new coating technologies
viz., advanced high frequency detonation spray system, academic and research versions of the micro arc oxidation system and
portable cold spray system for transfer.

This year has been special for the Centre as it got a newly furnished centralized facility that houses various coating, characterization
and performance evaluation facilities. The new CEC facility was inaugurated and dedicated to the nation by Dr. Y. S. Chowdary,
Honorable Minister of State for Ministry of Science and Technology and Earth Sciences, Govt. of India on 27.02.2017.

Consistent with the CEC’s objective of making forays into emerging areas of surface engineering, including surface characterization,
a joint demonstration centre for advanced nanomechanical characterization has been established in collaboration with
Nanomechanics Inc, USA, a global leader in the development of nanomechanical testing methodologies. The joint centre will
develop next generation nanomechanical test equipment and testing methodologies not only to support the ongoing technology
development activities at ARCI, but also to accelerate the growth of the nanomechanical testing marketplace in India. The joint
centre currently has state-of-the-art high strain rate nanomechanical tester and non-ambient multi-dimensional nanomechanical
tester that enables fast mechanical property mapping of a wide range of materials including thin films and thick coatings.

The centre successfully executed more than a dozen externally funded projects to support the energy, automotive and aviation
sectors. These projects range from applied research using several in-house technologies like cold spray, solution precursor plasma
spray, electron beam physical vapor deposition, pulsed electro deposition and micro arc oxidation to deposition of erosion resistant
coatings using cathodic arc physical vapour deposition.

As a part of ARCI TechEx 2017, the centre organized a business opportunity workshop to sensitize the market and showcase its
technologies and achievements. The workshop was well received and several potential entrepreneurs showed keen interest in
various technologies. During the workshop, the process know-how for a few select coating compositions using the pulsed electro
deposition technique was also showcased in addition to some newly launched technologies mentioned above.

The new Centre for Engineered Coatings (CEC) facility was inaugurated and dedicated to the nation by Dr. Y S Chowdary, Honorable Minister of State for
Ministry of Science and Technology and Earth Sciences, Govt. of India on 27.02.2017 during the ARCI TechEx 2017

D Srinivasa Rao G. Padmanabham


raods@arci.res.in gp@arci.res.in

36
Research and Technology Highlights

Enhanced Tribological Performance of CNT Reinforced Al-Cu


Metal Matrix Composites Through MAO Coatings

L Rama Krishna lrama@arci.res.in

$BSCPO OBOPUVCF $/5


 CBTFE NFUBM NBUSJY DPNQPTJUFT JODPFóDJFOUPGGSJDUJPOGSPNUPIBTCFFOOPUJDFE
(MMCs) have gained the attention in aerospace, automobile through the MAO coatings. Interestingly, the CNT’s addition
and energy sectors owing to the improved mechanical IBT SFTVMUFE JO BCPVU  SFEVDUJPO JO DPFóDJFOU PG
QSPQFSUJFT*OQBSUJDVMBS $/5SFJOGPSDFE"MNBUSJYDPNQPTJUFT friction both in the case of bare and MAO coatings. This
have been used in load bearing applications and electronic PCTFSWBUJPO JT JO MJOF XJUI UIF FYQFDUFE CFIBWJPS XIFSFJO
packaging due to high specific strength, high thermal and the CNTs act as a lubricating agent during the sliding wear
electrical conductivity. However, due to the adhesive wear UFTUT BOE UIFSFGPSF UIF PWFSBMM DPFóDJFOU PG GSJDUJPO BT
EPNJOBUFEHSPPWFGPSNBUJPOCFIBWJPSPG"MNBUSJYSFTVMUJOH well as the wear rates could be reduced. In line with this
JOIJHIFSDPFóDJFOUPGGSJDUJPOBOEDPSSFTQPOEJOHMZIJHIFS FYQFDUBUJPO  B TJHOJöDBOU SFEVDUJPO JO HSPPWF EFQUI VQPO
XFBS SBUF  UIFTF DPNQPTJUFT FYIJCJU JOGFSJPS USJCPMPHJDBM addition of CNTs to the bare substrate and the absence of
properties. In order to address these technical challenges, grooves and deeper plough marks in the case of MAO coated
an attempt was made to reduce the wear rate and composite, as shown in Fig. 2, clearly demonstratesthe
DPSSFTQPOEJOH DPFóDJFOU PG GSJDUJPO $0'
 UISPVHI NJDSP FóDBDZ PG DIPTFO NFUIPE GPS FOIBODJOH UIF USJCPMPHJDBM
BSD PYJEBUJPO ."0
 DPBUJOHT EFQPTJUFE PO UIFTF ..$T performance of these novel materials. Further studies in
this direction with regard to uniform dispersion of CNTs
"M$V.HBMMPZBOE"M$V.H$/5DPNQPTJUFT JO ..$T GPMMPXFE CZ UIF EFUBJMFE FYBNJOBUJPO PG SPMF PG
were produced by mechanical milling of elemental powders CNT’s in altering the mechanical and tribological properties
GPMMPXFE CZ IPU FYUSVTJPO BU ¡$ XJUI BO FYUSVTJPO SBUJP of the MAO coated substrates are currently in progress.
of 16. Subsequently, 45 ± 5 Pm thick MAO coatings were
deposited on cylindrical pins of both these materials.
The average microhardness was improved through MAO
coatings by ~ 8 times compared to the corresponding
bare (uncoated) substrates. The tribological performance
BT FWBMVBUFE UISPVHI ESZ QJOPOEJTD TMJEJOH XFBS UFTUT
conducted as per ASTM G99 standard indicates a reduction
in wear rate by 80% for the MAO coated substrates than
the bare substrates as illustrated in Fig.1. Further, the CNT
addition to the bare alloy demonstrates a 12.5% reduction in
XFBSSBUFXIJMFUIF."0DPBUFE$/5SFJOGPSDFEDPNQPTJUF
FYIJCJUTBXFBSSBUFSFEVDUJPOCZUIBOUIF."0DPBUFE
QMBJO "M$V BMMPZ 5IJT JMMVTUSBUFT UIF QSPHSFTTJWF SPMF PG
CNT’s in the design and development of new materials.

Similar trend as that of wear rate has also been registered


JODBTFPGDPFóDJFOUPGGSJDUJPOBMTP"CPVUSFEVDUJPO Fig.1 Sliding wear performance of bare and MAO coated composites

(a) (b)

Fig.2 Worn surface morphology of (a) Bare Al-Cu alloy and (b) MAO coated Al-Cu-CNT composite after dry pin-on-disc sliding wear tests

Contributors: Y Madhavi, R Vijay, N S Anas and D Srinivasa Rao

37
Research and Technology Highlights

Microstructure, Wear and Corrosion Resistance Behavior of


Detonation Sprayed Cr2O3-20Al2O3 Coating

Debajyoti Sen dsen@arci.res.in

$ISPNJVNPYJEF $S2O3) is widely being used as a wear, friction detonation sprayed Cr2O3XU"M2O3 coating compared to
and corrosion resistant material on a variety of engineering air plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coating. Similarly, detonation sprayed
components used in aerospace, marine, chemical, wire Cr2O3XU"M2O3DPBUJOHTFYIJCJUFEBCFUUFSBCSBTJWFXFBS
NBOVGBDUVSJOH  UFYUJMF  QBQFS BOE QVMQ JOEVTUSJFT 4JNJMBSMZ  resistance than air plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coating.
Al2O3 DPBUJOHT BMTP FYIJCJU HPPE NFDIBOJDBM QSPQFSUJFT BOE
BOUJXFBSQFSGPSNBODF*O$S2O3"M2O3 coatings, Cr2O3 stabilizes Potentio dynamic polarization tests were carried out on
the D"M2O3 phase in the final coating. It has been reported that coatings and results are shown in Fig. 2. A Tafel fit was employed
plasma sprayed Cr2O3"M2O3 coatings showed better mechanical to analyze the polarization curves, and corrosion rates were
properties when the Al2O3DPOUFOUJTJOUIFSBOHFPGXU PCUBJOFECZFYUSBQPMBUJOHUIF5BGFMTMPQFT5IFDPSSPTJPOSBUF
compared to pure Cr2O3 and Al2O3plasma sprayed coatings. of detonation sprayed Cr2O3XU"M2O3 coating is 0.24 mpy,
However, very limited information is available on detonation which is one third of the corrosion rate of air plasma sprayed
sprayed Cr2O3"M2O3 coatings. Cr2O3 DPBUJOH  NQZ
 JOEJDBUJOH FYDFMMFOU DPSSPTJPO
resistance of detonation sprayed coating compared to air
Cr2O3XU "M2O3 coatings were deposited by detonation plasma sprayed coating. From above discussion, it is clear that
spray coating (DSC) technique on Ti substrate used for making the results are very encouraging in detonation sprayed Cr2O3
QSPQFMMFS TIBGU TFBMT VUJMJ[JOH NFDIBOJDBMMZ NJYFE $S2O3 20 wt.% Al2O3 coating compared to air plasma sprayed Cr2O3
and Al2O3 powders. Detailed microstructural analysis and coating. Cr2O3XU"M2O3 coating is deposited on propeller
performance evaluation tests like sliding wear, corrosion were shaft seal and real time performance evaluation is in progress.
carried out and compared to air plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coatings.
4&. JNBHFT PG DSPTT TFDUJPO PG EFUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE $S2O3
20wt.% Al2O3 and plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coatings are shown in
'JH BC
5IFNJDSPHSBQIPGEFUPOBUJPOTQSBZFE$S2O3XU
Al2O3DPBUJOH FYIJCJUFE B UIJDL BOE EFOTF QPSPTJUZ_

TUSVDUVSFXJUIBMUFSOBUF$SBOE"MPYJEFMBZFSTBOETPMJETPMVUJPO
formation at some places. In contrast, high porosity (1.8%) and
cracks at splat boundaries and within the splats were noticed
in air plasma sprayed Cr2O3DPBUJOH7JDLFST)BSEOFTTWBMVFT
BU H MPBE NFBTVSFE PO UIF DPBUJOH DSPTTTFDUJPOT XFSF
)70.2BOE)70.2. XRD analysis revealed the presence of
Cr2O3 and D"M2O3 in the detonation sprayed Cr2O3XU"M2O3
coating compared to only Cr2O3 phase in the air plasma sprayed
coating. A better sliding wear performance was observed when
graphite pin slid against detonation sprayed Cr2O3 XU
Al2O3 coating compared to air plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coating. Fig.2 Potentio dynamic polarization plot of detonation sprayed Cr2O3-20wt.% Al2O3 and
Weight loss of graphite pins is three times less when slid against plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coatings in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution

(a) (b)

Fig.1 Cross-sectional SEM images of (a) Detonation sprayed Cr2O3-20wt.% Al2O3 and (b) Plasma sprayed Cr2O3 coatings

Contributors: P Suresh Babu and D Srinivasa Rao

38
Research and Technology Highlights

Microstructure and Properties of Detonation Sprayed WC-


(W,Cr)2C-Ni Coating

P Suresh Babu pitchuka@arci.res.in

There has been an increasing demand in industry for EFUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE8$$P DPBUJOH 1PUFOUJP EZOBNJD
materials which can withstand harsh environment. WC QPMBSJ[BUJPO UFTUT XFSF DBSSJFE PVU PO EFUPOBUJPO 8$
based coatings have been successfully applied as a (W,Cr)2$/JTQSBZFEJOXU/B$MTPMVUJPOJOGPSXBSEBOE
protective wear resistance materials on various industrial SFWFSTFTDBOTBOESFTVMUBOU&WT*QMPUBSFTIPXOJO'JH
components by thermal spray techniques. WC carbide %FUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE 8$ 8 $S
2$/J DPBUJOH FYIJCJUFE
DPBUJOHT  XIJDI DPOUBJO $P BT B NBUSJY QIBTF  DBO XJUI B MFTT IZTUFSFTJT JO SFWFSTF TDBO DPNQBSFE UP 8$$P
TUBOE PYJEBUJPO SFTJTUBODF VQ UP oC without decrease coating. A better corrosion resistance is observed in
JOUIFJSXFBSQSPQFSUJFT#VU QSPQFSUJFTPG8$$PDPBUJOHT EFUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE 8$ 8 $S
2$/J DPBUJOH DPNQBSFE
will decrease drastically above 540oC due to severe UP EFUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE 8$$P DPBUJOH 5IFSFGPSF 
PYJEBUJPO *O BEEJUJPO  UIF DPSSPTJPO SFTJTUBODF PG8$$P EFUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE 8$ 8 $S
2$/J DPBUJOH IBWJOH
coatings under mild alkaline conditions is poor due to Co. desirable properties of wear, corrosion resistance can be
used in the applications where both wear and corrosion
" OPWFM DPNQPTJUJPO 8$ 8 $S
2$/J DPOTJTUJOH PG UXP resistance are important.
carbide phases instead of one hard (WC) phase in metallic
NBUSJY IBT CFFO EFWFMPQFE UP JODSFBTF UIF PYJEBUJPO
resistance and corrosion resistance of coated components.
Detonation spray technique is widely used to deposit
carbide coatings where the deposition process involves
higher kinetic energy and relatively lower thermal energy
DPNQBSFE UP QMBTNB TQSBZ UFDIOJRVF BOE FYIJCJUT MPXFS
dissolution of WC phase and hence better wear resistance.
8$ 8 $S
2$/J DPBUJOHT XFSF EFQPTJUFE PO HSJU CMBTUFE
mild steel substrate by detonation spray coating technique.
5IF 4&. JNBHFT PG QPXEFS BOE DPBUJOH DSPTTTFDUJPOT
BSFTIPXOJO'JH&%4BOBMZTJTPOQPXEFS 'JHB
DSPTT
section identified the presence of two carbide phases
where WC phase (bright region (A)) embedded in (W,Cr)2C
phase (grey region (B)) and Ni rich phase (dark region (C))
at the centre of the powder particle.

%FUPOBUJPO TQSBZFE 8$ 8 $S


2$/J DPBUJOH FYIJCJUFE
EFOTF TUSVDUVSF XJUI TMJHIUMZ IJHIFS 7JDLFST IBSEOFTT Fig. 2 Potentio dynamic polarization results (E vs I plot) of detonation sprayed
and three body abrasive wear resistance as compared to WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni and WC-12Co and bare mild steel tested in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

(a) (b)

Coating
A C

30 Pm Substrate 200 Pm

Fig.1 SEM images of cross-section of WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni (a) Powder and (b) Detonation sprayed coating

Contributor: D Srinivasa Rao

39
Research and Technology Highlights

Development of Tungsten Coatings for First Wall Application in


ITER

G Sivakumar gsivakumar@arci.res.in

Tungsten possesses many essential properties like high spraying parameters like plasma power, spray distance, powder
melting temperature, good thermal conductivity, low tritium feed rate etc. Three different thermal spray W powders with
retention, low sputtering rate, high vapour pressure and more BWFSBHFQBSUJDMFTJ[FPG  ˜N SFTQFDUJWFMZXFSFDIPTFO
importantly, low erosion rates which makes it the material of for the present study.
choice for various applications in fusion reactors. Tungsten
and tungsten alloy coatings are candidate materials for plasma It is reasonable to believe that the tungsten would be
facing components of diverter plates in future fusion reactors. completely melted during plasma spraying, given the
A large number of coating techniques have emerged over the significantly higher thermal energy available during spraying.
years to enable tungsten coatings on the substrates that are )PXFWFS BTJHOJöDBOUBNPVOUPGUIFIFBUøVYJTUSBOTGFSSFEUP
to be used in divertor applications. Deposition of W coatings the substrate through splat quenching, which coupled with
UISPVHI QIZTJDBM WBQPVS EFQPTJUJPO 17%
 BOE DIFNJDBM MBSHF $5& NJTNBUDI CFUXFFO UIF TVCTUSBUF BOE 8 EFQPTJUT 
WBQPVSEFQPTJUJPO $7%
JTUPPFYQFOTJWFBOEBMTP MJNJUFECZ induces detrimental tensile stresses. This could limit the
low coating thickness. coating thickness and also induce significant damage to the
substrate. Therefore, the effects of parameters like plasma
Plasma spray is known for its share of advantages, like high QPXFS TQSBZEJTUBODFCFUXFFOUIFOP[[MFFYJUBOETVCTUSBUF 
EFQPTJUJPO SBUF BOE JOTJUV SFQBJS PG UIF EBNBHFE DPBUJOH  powder feed rate and primary gas flow rate are to be studied
and in particular, is more effective in terms of cost and ease of in detail. Simultaneously, the optimization studies with respect
operation, albeit has certain drawbacks like high impurities, to the overlapping and shroud attachment was also carried
QPSPTJUZ BOE SFMBUJWFMZ IJHIFS PYJEF DPOUFOU %JWFSTF WBSJBOUT out to achieve W coatings with desired characteristics. Typical
PGQMBTNBTQSBZJOHJODMVEJOHWBDVVNQMBTNBTQSBZ 714
MPX microstructure of W coatings deposited on various substrates
pressure plasma spray (LPPS), etc have provided a broad range of JTTIPXOJO'JH5IFPYJEFDPOUFOUTJOUIF8DPBUJOHTXFSF
results over typical divertor substrate materials like Cu, stainless found to be less than 0.2% and the porosity present within the
TUFFM FUD'VSUIFSSFEVDUJPOJOJNQVSJUJFTBOEPYJEFDPOUFOUXBT microstructure was measured as 3.7 ± 0.8%, which were much
also attempted through spraying W coatings in a controlled within the desired characteristics. The coating adhesion strength
gas atmosphere or by using shroud attachment. Given the measured through modified Ollard’s technique yielded about
above background, the aim of the present study is to develop 93 to 113 MPa, which was found to be acceptable. Based on the
conditions to deposit thick coatings using atmospheric plasma above results, mockups were fabricated on various substrate
TQSBZXJUIMPXFTUQPTTJCMFQPSPTJUZBOEPYJEFDPOUFOUT#BTFE materials like CuCrZr, SS316LN and RAFM steel and were
on the above coating characteristics, the performance analysis TVCKFDUFEUPIJHIIFBUøVYUFTUJOH5IF8DPBUJOHTEFQPTJUFE
UISPVHIIJHIIFBUøVYUFTUJOHXJMMCFDBSSJFEPVU5IFEFTJSFE on various substrates successfully withstood the cyclic heat
characteristics are being attempted through optimization of load tests carried out at 500oC.

(a) (b) (c)

Fig. 1. Cross-sectional microstructures of W coatings deposited on various substrates showing the overall microstructure and also the interface

Contributor: D Srinivasa Rao

40
Research and Technology Highlights

Ni-W/SiC Nano Composite Coatings through Pulsed


Electrodeposition for Hard Chrome Replacement

Nitin P Wasekar nitin@arci.res.in

/J8BMMPZDPBUJOHTIBWFBUUSBDUFETJHOJGJDBOUBUUFOUJPO capacity. Table 1 illustrates the superior performance


in various industrial components like valves, pipes, of these nanocomposite coatings in comparison to
QVNQT  IFBU FYDIBOHFST JO BVUPNPCJMF  BFSPTQBDF  commercial NIKASIL and hard chrome coatings.
energy and petroleum industries because of their
superior corrosion resistance compared to hard Ni and Cr (a)
BMMPZT*OBMMUIFTFBQQMJDBUJPOT /J8DPBUJOHTBSFVTFEJO
IBSTIDPSSPTJWFFOWJSPONFOUT&WFOBNJOJNBMDPSSPTJPO
in these coatings can lead to development of cracks
or pores and ultimately lead to malfunctioning of the
components. In order to further improve the corrosion
QSPQFSUZ PG /J8 DPBUJOHT  B OVNCFS PG UFSOBSZ /J89
coatings have been developed (where X=Al 2O3, ZrO 2,
TiO2  4J$
 .PTU PG UIF UFSOBSZ NFUBM NBUSJY DPNQPTJUF
materials are fabricated by electrodeposition method
because of its higher deposition rate and lower cost. This
can be performed with direct and pulse current, where
UIF QVMTF FMFDUSPEFQPTJUJPO 1&%
 NFUIPE IBT TVQFSJPS
benefits.

(b)
6UJMJ[JOH UIF BEWBOUBHFT PG 1&%  "3$* IBT TVDDFTTGVMMZ
EFQPTJUFE BOE QBUFOUFE /J84J$ OBOPDPNQPTJUF
coatings with improved corrosion and wear resistance
compared to conventional hard chrome and NIKASIL
coatings. The electrolyte used for deposition is
environment friendly when compared to hard chrome
coatings. The deposition efficiency of SiC particles in
coating is very high. These coatings are virtually free
from cracks with uniform distribution of submicron size
4J$ QBSUJDMFT JOTJEF /J8 NBUSJY 'JH  B

 VOMJLF IBSE
chrome and NIKASIL coatings. The wear rate is 15 and
2 times lower compared to hard chrome and NIKASIL
coatings, respectively. Friction coefficient (Fig. 1(b)) is
twice as low compared to above coatings. These coatings
withstand 1000 hrs of salt fog environment as per ASTM Fig. 1. Nanocomposite coating (a) Illustrating uniform distribution of SiC particles and
B117. Fine SiC particles increases uniform oil retention (b) Comparison of friction coefficient of various coatings

Table 1. Performance comparison of nanocomposite with various conventional coatings

Ni-W-SiC Commercial NIKASIL Hard Chrome

SiC volume fraction 2-15% 16 -


700-800 610 600-1000
Hardness (HV)
1400 (heat treated) 200 (heat treated) (300 heat treated)
Wear rate 1 (as deposited)
1.25 (as deposited) 3.75 (as deposited)
(mm3/m x10-5) 0.5 (Heat treated)
0.4 (as deposited)
Coefficient of friction 0.65 0.6
0.3 (heat treated)
7 for 12 hrs.
Salt spray rating 10 For >700 hrs -
1 by 48 hrs .
Deposition mode Pulsed current Direct current Direct current

Contributor: D Srinivasa Rao

41
Research and Technology Highlights

Development of Multi-component Coatings using Cold Spray


Process

S Kumar skumar@arci.res.in

Cold spray coating technique is one among the thermal Keeping this in mind, tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum
TQSBZWBSJBOUTJOXIJDIIJHIWFMPDJUZNJDSPOTJ[FEQBSUJDMFT QPXEFSTXFSFQPUNJYFE BUEJòFSFOUWPMVNFQFSDFOUBHFT

are impacted onto substrate / previously deposited layers with copper powder and sprayed using cold spray
to form coating by strain induced adiabatic heating technique. Figures 1a and 1b show the cross sectional
accompanied by shear instability. Due to low processing TDBOOJOHFMFDUSPONJDSPTDPQFJNBHFTPGUIF$V8BOE$V
temperature and high deposition rate, this process is Ta composite coatings, respectively.
suitable for rapid production of many metallic coatings.
Many conventional metals have been successfully The coatings were characterized for electrical conductivity,
deposited using air as process gas. The deposition hardness and sliding performances. Also the retainment
characteristic in multi component systems comprising of refractory powders in the coatings was estimated
similar deformable materials is easy to establish. The using image analysis system and the results are presented
deposition scenario is necessarily different in materials in Table.1. The coatings were heat treated at 600oC for
system which contains different degree of deformability. FOIBODFEJOUFSTQMBUCPOEJOHTUBUF'SBDUVSFTUVEJFTSFWFBM
'FX BUUFNQUT UP EFQPTJU NVMUJDPNQPOFOUT QPXEFS that particulates (tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum)
NJYUVSFT IBWF CFFO EFNPOTUSBUFE CZ SFTFBSDIFST GPS BSF FOUSBQQFE BU UIF JOUFSTQMBU CPVOEBSJFT PG DPQQFS
various functional applications. High density refractory TQMBUT'JHTIPXTUIFGSBDUVSFE$V8DPBUJOHT0OFDBO
NFUBMT TVDI BT UVOHTUFO  UBOUBMVN BOE NPMZCEFOVN DP clearly observe the entrapped tungsten particles in the
deposit with soft metals have technical importance in high DPQQFS NBUSJY XIJDI JT DPNQMFUFMZ EJòVTFE EVF UP IFBU
temperature erosion applications. treatment (reflected as dimples).

(a)

(b)
Fig.2. Fractured Cu-W coatings

Table 1 Electrical conductivity, hardness and sliding performance of the coatings


Coating Hard metal Electrical Hardness Wear rate
in Coating Conductivity (MS/cm) (HV at 500g) (mm^3/Nm)
(%)

Cu-25Ta 10.86 45.03 141.66 4.66714E-06

Cu-50Ta 26.40 34.95 166.5 9.4978E-06

Cu-25W 7.50 49.8 126 3.86474E-06

Cu-50W 10.29 47.01 108 3.23053E-06

Cu-25Mo 12.71 39.69 84.2 8.08211E-06

Cu-50Mo 18.50 39.74 83.5 1.07314E06


Fig.1. SEM image of (a) Cu-W and (b) Cu-Ta

Contributors: B R Krishna Prasad and D Srinivasa Rao

42
Research and Technology Highlights

Hardness Mapping in Cold Sprayed Coatings: Influence of Stacking


Fault Energy and Post Treatment

Naveen Manhar Chavan naveen@arci.res.in

Cold gas dynamic spray is a coating technique that involves high BOE QSPQFSUJFT XFSF BOBMZTFE BT B GVODUJPO PG 4'& BOE QPTU
velocity (or high strain rate) impacts of micron sized metallic/ treatment. Hardness was mapped using a ultra fast mapping
BMMPZDPNQPTJUFQPXEFSQBSUJDMFT ˜N
POUIFTVCTUSBUFBT technique. It was observed that there was considerable
well as particles themselves in solid state. However, the coating BNPVOUPGIBSEFOJOHJOEVDFEJOUIFDPBUJOHTJOUIFiBTDPBUFEw
formation is based on successful bonding between particle/ DPOEJUJPO WJTËWJT UIF TUBSUJOH QPXEFS 'JHB
 5IF FYUFOU
substrate and particle/particle generally confined to localized PG IBSEFOJOH JODSFBTFE BT UIF 4'& XBT MPXFSFE 'JHC
5IF
areas at the respective interfaces due to the phenomena of IFUFSPHFOFJUZ JO IBSEOFTT BMTP JODSFBTFE BT UIF 4'& SFEVDFE
adiabatic shear instability prevalent above a certain critical XJUIUIFNBYJNVNTQSFBEJO$V"M JOUFSNFEJBUFJO$V"M
velocity of impact. The microstructure of the coating as a and least in pure Cu (Fig.1b). The heterogeneity in hardness
XIPMFBOEPSTJOHMFTQMBUJTFTTFOUJBMMZBGVODUJPOPG J
FYUFSOBM in all the coatings reduced considerably after a brief post
parameters such as particle velocity and temperature and (ii) treatment using infrared emitter due to reduction in cold work
internal parameters such as thermo mechanical properties BTTPDJBUFEEFGFDUTBOEHSBJOHSPXUIJOTPNFDBTFT5IFFYUFOU
of the feedstock at the strains/strain rates/temperature after of reduction was the highest in pure Cu followed by Cu2.2Al
impact process. In addition to the above, another important and Cu7.5Al. All the above results are self consistent with the
material property (especially in FCC materials) that decides microstructures observed in these coatings as shown in Fig.1c
the microstructure evolution at high strain rates is the stacking and 1d. The average grain size is higher in copper and also
GBVMUFOFSHZ 4'&
*OHFOFSBM NBUFSJBMTXJUIIJHI4'&EFGPSN the heterogeneity is minimal as shown in Fig.1c whereas the
predominantly due to slip (due to ease of cross slip) and opposite can be observed in case of Cu7.5Al where there is
deformation twinning is commonly seen in materials with low high heterogeneity in the microstructure and very fine grains/
4'&*OUIFQSFTFOUXPSL DPBUJOHTPGUISFFNBUFSJBMTWJ[ $V ż deformation twins resulting in highest local hardness values
80 mJ/m2
$V"M żN+N2
BOE$V"M żN+N2) were compared to the other two materials.
obtained at identical particle velocity and the microstructure

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Fig.1. Cumulative distribution function of hardness in (a) Cu 7.5Al powder, as coated and IR treated conditions (b) Three materials in “as coated” state
(c) and (d) Etched FIB images of pure Cu and Cu7.5Al coatings in “as coated” state

Contributors: SP Phani, Krithika, L Venkatesh and G Sundararajan

43
Research and Technology Highlights

Advanced Hard and Wear Coatings by Resistant Cathodic Arc PVD


(CAPVD) for Diverse Applications

Krishna Valleti krishna@arci.res.in

The development of hard and wear resistant protective SFBMUJNF QFSGPSNBODF TUVEJFT BSF FODPVSBHJOH XJUI
coatings for machining tools was initiated during early B NJOJNVN PG UXPGPME UPPM MJGF FOIBODFNFOU JO BMM
1980’s. Since then, large number of studies have been the processes (i.e. machining, punching or chopping).
carried out on coatings like TiN, CrN, TiAlN, CrAlN, etc., In particular, the obtained low friction coefficient
FYBNJOJOH UIFJS NFDIBOJDBM BOE USJCPMPHJDBM QSPQFSUJFT enhanced the flowability of the material in minting
These coatings have been in the market for decades application. In case of machining advanced materials
owing to their superior wear resistance, thermal stability, such as compacted graphite iron (CGI), Inconel, Ti6"M7 
BOE PYJEBUJPO SFTJTUBODF )PXFWFS  XJUI UIF BEWBODFT the temperature developed is very high and hence, the
in technologies and development of novel materials as MPXFSGSJDUJPODPFGGJDJFOUXJMMCFIJHIMZIFMQGVM5IFSFBM
BO BMUFSOBUJWF UP UIF FYJTUJOH NBUFSJBMT JO BVUPNPUJWF  time machining studies on these materials are currently
aerospace, boiler, industries, the need for finding an in progress.
effective solution to machine these materials is also
gaining importance. Conventional tools/methods prove *OBOVUTIFMM IBSEDPBUJOHTXJUIBDBSCPOJUSJEFTVSGBDF
to be inadequate in machining these materials due to MBZFSFYIJCJUTJHOJGJDBOUMZSFEVDFEDPFGGJDJFOUPGGSJDUJPO 
several limitations. Development of nanocomposite concurrently reduces heat generation and therefore
coatings has led to simplifying the machining of these enhances the maching tool life.
NBUFSJBMT /BOPDPNQPTJUF DPBUJOHT FYIJCJU IJHI
temperature stability with high hardness coupled with
UPVHIOFTT *O MJOF XJUI TUBUFPGUIFBSU UFDIOPMPHJFT
and requirements, at present, the focus is towards the
development of various nanocomposite coatings in
association with several functional coatings (mono,
multi or graded structures) for various manufacturing/
industrial applications.

At ARCI, an attempt has been made towards lowering the


friction coefficient of the above mentioned conventional
BOEOBOPDPNQPTJUFDPBUJOHTCZBEEJOHBOFYUSBDBSCP
OJUSJEF GVODUJPOBM MBZFS   5IF BEEJUJPO PG DBSCPOJUSJEF
functional layer resulted in a reduction of the friction
coefficient without much decrease in any of the other
mechanical properties as shown in Fig. 1. So far, TiCrN/
DLC, CrAlSiN/DLC, CrAlSiN/CrAlSiCN, coatings have
been developed and tested in different applications
like polymer chopping cutting tools (Fig. 2a), milling Fig. 1 Effect of reactive acetylene gas flow rate (during reactive deposition) on friction
and drilling tools (Fig. 2b), minting dies (Fig. 2c). The coefficient of deposited gradient CrAlSiCN functional coatings

(a) (b) (c)

Fig. 2 a) Polymer chopping WC blade, b) Nanocomposite + carbo-nitride coated milling inserts, c) TiCrN + carbo-nitride coated minting die

Contributor: D Srinivasa Rao

44
Research and Technology Highlights

Effect of Microblasting on Fracture Behaviour of nc-TiAlN/a-Si3N4


Nanocomposite Coatings During Cyclic Nanoimpact Tests

N Ravi nravi@arci.res.in

Nanocomposite, a variant of nanomaterials, consists of two shaped alumina and spherical zirconia sand particles were
PS NPSF
QIBTF TUSVDUVSF  JO XIJDI POF PG UIF QIBTFT JT separately used as the blasting media for this purpose. The
FNCFEEFE JO UIF NBUSJY PG UIF PUIFS QIBTF BOE CPUI UIF blasting pressure was maintained at 2 bar and continued for
QIBTFT BSF PG OBOPTJ[F OD5J"M/B4J3N4 nanocomposite 10 seconds in each case. Subsequently, cyclic nanoimpact
possessing hardness of the order of 40 GPa is a recently UFTUT XFSF DPOEVDUFE PO BTDPBUFE BOE NJDSPCMBTUFE
developed well known superhard coating for cutting samples at 100 mN load using Berkovich indentor and
tools, mould, dies, etc. and are reported to perform far repeated at 10 different locations on each of the samples.
TVQFSJPSUPUIFDPOWFOUJPOBM17%DPBUJOHTTVDIBT5J/ 
GPa), TiAlN (30 GPa) etc. While the operating temperatures 'JHVSFT  B
 D
 TIPX TVSGBDFT PG UIF DPBUJOHT XJUIPVU
of TiN and TiAlN are 500°C and 800°C, respectively, blasting and, with zirconia and alumina blasting,
nanocomposite coatings are reported to function even at respectively. The surfaces without blasting and with
higher temperatures of the order of 1000°C during cutting zirconia blasting show marginal differences as far as surface
UPPM PQFSBUJPOT GPS JNQSPWFE QSPEVDUJWJUZ &TQFDJBMMZ  deformation is concerned while that with alumina blasting
under dry machining conditions. Cyclic nanoimpact test, TIPXT TFWFSF EFGPSNBUJPO PG UIF DPBUJOHT 'JHVSFT  B

which simulates interrupted machining operations such D
 TIPX UIF UJNFEFQUI DVSWFT GPS BCPWF UISFF TBNQMFT
as milling, has recently been demonstrated to test the obtained during cyclic nanoimpact test. While the smooth
coated samples using a nanoindenter under cyclic loads. transition of the curve indicates good performance of the
The nanocomposite coatings have been deposited in a coating, the abrupt change in the curve signifies fracture
DBUIPEJDBSD17%VOJUXJUIDZMJOESJDBMDBUIPEFTPOYY in the coating. From the Figures, it is clearly seen that the
mm3 high speed steel samples. The coated samples fracture probability (no. of tests in which fracture events
have been subjected to microblasting to verify their have been observed) of the zirconia coated samples is more
performance during machining and compare with that of or less similar to that of the surface without blasting while
BTDPBUFE TBNQMFT XJUIPVU NJDSPCMTBUJOH .JDSPCMBTUJOH  higher fracture probability is seen in case of the sample with
depending on blasting medium, is known to introduce alumina blasting. This suggests that the irregular alumina,
either compressive or tensile stresses, which influence which causes severe deformation in the coating, makes it
cracking events in the samples being tested. Irregular vulnerable for fracture.

(a) (b) (c)

Fig.1 Surfaces of the nanocomposite coating (a) No blasting, (b) Zirconia and (c) Alumina blasting
(a) (b) (c)

Fig. 2 Time-depth curves for coatings of (a) No blasting, (b) Zirconia and (c) Alumina blasting

Contributors: R Markandeya, P Suresh Babu and S V Joshi

45
Research and Technology Highlights

An Ultra Fast Mechanical Property Mapping Technique

P Sudharshan Phani spphani@arci.res.in

The recently established joint demonstration centre the differences in hardness between the cobalt (blue color)
for advanced nanomechanical characterization in and WC phase, the map also shows the hardness variation
DPMMBCPSBUJPO XJUI /BOPNFDIBOJDT *OD  IBT TUBUFPG CFUXFFO EJòFSFOU HSBJOT PG 8$ XJUI UIF DBYJT PSJFOUFE
UIFBSU TNBMM TDBMF NFDIBOJDBM DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO GBDJMJUJFT grains (triangular shape) showing the highest hardness.
to characterize a wide range of materials under ambient
BOE OPOBNCJFOU DPOEJUJPOT 5IF TVQFSJPS NFBTVSFNFOU Fig. 2(a) and 2(b) show the hardness maps for a cold sprayed
technology enables a wide range of small scale contact /J#4$ NFUBM NBUSJY DPNQPTJUF DPBUJOH JO UIF BT DPBUFE
FYQFSJNFOUT JODMVEJOH SFHVMBS OBOPJOEFOUBUJPO UFTUJOH BOE IFBU USFBUFE DPOEJUJPO  SFTQFDUJWFMZ "T FYQFDUFE  UIF
XJUI DPOUJOVPVT NFBTVSFNFOU PG TUJòOFTT  VMUSBMPX MPBE B4$ QBSUJDMFT FYIJCJU NVDI IJHIFS IBSEOFTT DPNQBSFE UP
indentation for thin films, high speed spatial and volumetric UIF NBUSJY *OUFSFTUJOHMZ  BGUFS IFBU USFBUNFOU JO WBDVVN
mapping of mechanical properties, frequency specific at 6000$ GPS  IPVST  UIF IBSEOFTT PG UIF NBUSJY EPFT OPU
viscoelastic characterization, high strain rate tests via step change much but the B4C particles soften significantly and
loading that can access strain rates close to 104 s, constant EJTTPDJBUFUPBTIFMMMJLFTUSVDUVSFXJUIIJHIFSIBSEOFTTDMPTF
load and hold tests for low strain rate creep response, to the particle outer surface which is as shown in Fig. 2(b).
etc. These capabilities enable testing of a wide range of
material systems including, metals, ceramics, composites,
QPMZNFST  .&.4 EFWJDFT  CJP NBUFSJBMT  UIJO öMNT BOE
thick coatings. In addition to their superior measurement
technology, one of the distinguishing feature of these
instruments compared to many commercially available
instruments is their throughput. Ultra fast indentation
tests where each indent takes less than one second, can
be routinely performed, thereby enabling mechanical
property (hardness and elastic modulus) mapping over
large areas and also access to large data sets for advanced
statistical analysis.

'JH  TIPXT B IBSEOFTT NBQ HFOFSBUFE VTJOH UIF VMUSB


GBTU NBQQJOH UFDIOJRVF PO B 8$$P TBNQMF VTFE JO
cutting tools. This map is a result of an indentation array
comprising of 10000 indents wherein each indent was
performed in less than 1 second. In addition to showing Fig. 1 Hardness map of WC-Co used in cutting tools

(a) (b)

Fig. 2 Hardness map of cold sprayed Ni-B4C in (a) As-coated and (b) Heat treated conditions

Contributors: S Kumar and Naveen M Chavan

46
Centre for Ceramic Processing

M ajor focus of Centre for Ceramic Processing (CCP), during the period of this report was towards establishing the first
commercial production facility for transparent ceramics in India based on the technology developed at ARCI and transferred
to the industrial partner. Transparent ceramics commercially produced at this production facility employs a patented cost-
effective technology, which delivers world class products with close to theoretical transmission. Centre has also been successful
in its efforts to fulfill the commitments on the technology development and supply of deliverables of the time bound sponsored
programs. Products from sponsored programme on extrusion processing of porous zirconia based thermally insulating sleeves
have already been tested at user end and phase-I of the programme is successfully completed. Sodium beta alumina solid
electrolytes produced through in-house solid state synthesis have also shown the ionic conductivity in the specified range of
2-6x10-2 S/cm. Shaping trials according to the user requirement through pressure casting as well as by cold isostatic pressing are
in the final stages, for field trials by the sponsorors of the project.

Centre has undertaken several specialized job works and supplied prototypes as a part of demonstrating the technologies.
Centre has fabricated and exported 1000 Nos. of prototype alumina spools to M/s. American Isostatic Press, USA and is being
used in their high temperature furnaces. As a part of continuing in-house programmes, the concept of porous burner with
reticulated ceramic foam for improved and efficient combustion with less emission has been demonstrated. Modifications on
combustion process and safety issues are being addressed to arrive at the prototype designs. New programmes in 3-D printing
of ceramics and development of sodium beta alumina based ceramics for high energy batteries are also initiated during the
period of this report.

To increase the outreach of its activities, the Centre partnered with the Indian Ceramic Society and organized an International
conference on “Ceramics, Glass and Refractories - Emerging Innovations” at Hyderabad and also hosted a workshop on
“Advanced Ceramic Processing and Fabrication” during December 2016.

3D Printer for Ceramics Development of Transparent Ceramics

Y Srinivasa Rao Roy Johnson


ysr@arci.res.in royjohnson@arci.res.in

47
Research and Technology Highlights

Synthesis, Shaping and Characterization of ZnAl2O4 Ceramics for


RF Transparent Application

M Buchi Suresh suresh@arci.res.in

Zinc Aluminate (ZnAl2O4) is the material of interest for


optoelectronic applications due to its high thermal stability
and superior mechanical properties in combination with
unique properties of low dielectric constant (Hr=8.5) and high
quality factor. It is transparent to light above 320nm due to
MBSHFPQUJDBMCBOEHBQ F7
BOEJTBMTPBNBUFSJBMPGDIPJDF
GPS67SBOHFTBTXFMM*OUIFQSFTFOUXPSL BOBUUFNQUIBTCFFO
made to synthesize the phase pure ZnAl2O4 followed by the
preparation of compact discs and densification at optimum
sintering conditions. Sintered specimens were systematically
JOWFTUJHBUFEGPSUIFTUSVDUVSBM EJFMFDUSJD DPNQMFYJNQFEBODF
and electrical conductivity. The mechanisms governing
the low dielectric permittivity and grain/grain boundary
conduction process are elucidated.

ZnAl2O4 spinel ceramics were synthesized by solid state


SFBDUJPO GSPN TUPJDIJPNFUSJD NJYUVSF PG QSFDVSTPS PYJEFT Fig. 1 XRD pattern of ZnAl2O4 ceramic
Phase pure ZnAl2O4 powder was compacted and the
TQFDJNFOTXFSFTVCKFDUFEUPTJOUFSJOHFYQFSJNFOUTUPFWPMWF
the optimum sintering conditions. Sintered samples were
DIBSBDUFSJ[FECZ93%BOEDPNQMFYJNQFEBODFTQFDUSPTDPQZ
The room temperature XRD of ZnAl2O4 spinel ceramic is shown
JO'JH5IFQPTJUJPOTPGUIFQFBLTXFSFJOEFYFEBOEJOEJDFT
are matched well with the standard pattern reported in PCPDF
DBSEOP5IFBOBMZTJTPG93%QBUUFSOSFWFBMTUIBUUIF
sample has spinel structure with more intensive (311) peak.
The averages crystallite size of the sample was calculated by
using Debye Sherrer’s formula and is found to be 40nm.

Fig. 2 shows the variation in relative permittivity (Hr) as a


function of temperature at different frequencies. Relative
permittivity remains constant upto 400oC at all the frequencies
and started increasing with temperature beyond 400oC in the Fig. 2 Relative permittivity variation with temperature
lower frequencies.

'JH  SFWFBMT $PMF$PMF QMPUT CFUXFFO UIF ;w BOE ; BT B
function of frequency at different temperatures. From the
microstructural point of view, ZnAl2O4 is a polycrystalline
ceramic made up of grains separated by grain boundaries.
Generally, two semicircles are observed, attributed to grain
and grain boundaries. The semicircle in the low frequency
region is attributed to the grain boundary properties due
to parallel combination of resistance and capacitance. The
semicircle in the high frequency region passes through
the origin representing attributed to the grain property of
the material, which occurs due to parallel combination of
resistance and capacitance of grains. The corresponding fitted
plot along with equivalent circuit is also shown. Highly stable
crystalline structure with low dielectric constant rendered this
material suitable for the radio frequency seeker application. Fig. 3 Cole-Cole plots and equivalent circuit

Contributors: Y Srinivasa Rao and Roy Johnson

48
Research and Technology Highlights

Processing and Properties of Nano Yttria Ceramics

Senthil Kumar senthil@arci.res.in

:UUSJVN 0YJEF :UUSJB


 EVF UP JUT DVCJD DSZTUBMMPHSBQIZ BOE 5IF TJOUFSFE TBNQMFT FYIJCJUFE EFOTJUZ VQ UP 
optical isotropic nature makes it suitable for various advanced theoretical density for the sintering temperature of 1500°C.
and high performance applications such as high energy Figure 3 shows the fractured microstructure of the dense
solid state lasers and IR transparent domes. Yttria powders yttria sample. It can be seen that the sintered grains are in
for these applications require stringent characteristics such TVCNJDSPOSBOHFXJUIBWFSBHFHSBJOTJ[FCFUXFFOBOE
BT VMUSBIJHI QVSJUZ BCPWF   QBSUJDMF TJ[FT SBOHJOH ON5IFTJOUFSFETBNQMFTFYIJCJUFE7JDLFSTIBSEOFTTVQ
between 50 nm and 500 nm, ability to shape and sinter at to 700±0 kg/mm2 under 1 kg loading conditions.
lower temperatures compared to the conventional sintering
temperatures. Commercially available yttria powder is highly
FYQFOTJWF BOE UIFJS TVQQMZ JT BMTP SFTUSJDUFE EVF UP UIFJS
strategic applications. Therefore, it is advantageous to have
BOJOEJHFOPVTQPXEFSTZOUIFTJTQSPDFTTGPSQSPEVDJOHVMUSB
QVSF BOE VMUSBöOF DFSBNJD QPXEFST UIBU DBO CF VTFE GPS
various advanced applications including strategic sectors.

In the present study, high dense submicron yttria ceramics


close to theoretical density was fabricated by synthesizing
VMUSBöOF BOE VMUSBIJHI QVSF ZUUSJB QPXEFS UISPVHI TPM
gel process followed by shaping and densification. Yttrium
)ZESPYJEFQSFDJQJUBUFXBTTZOUIFTJ[FEGSPN:/))TPMVUJPO
using ammonia. The precipitate was washed with distilled Fig. 1 XRD pattern of in-house synthesized Y2O3 powders
water and dried at 80°C. The dried powder was dispersed in
(a)
XBUFSGPMMPXFECZBEKVTUJOHUIFQ)PGUIFNJYUVSFCFUXFFO
2 and 3 using nitric acid to form yttria sol. Appropriate
amount of yttria powder was additionally seeded to the
sol to enhance the phase formation and sinterability of the
öOBM ZUUSJB QPXEFS 5IF TPM BOE TFFE NJYUVSF XBT HFMMFE
using ammonia and dried at 80°C followed by calcination at
1000°C to produce yttria nano powder.

The powder was shaped by cold isostatic pressing at 160


MPa. The shaped pellets were further sintered in air at
temperatures between 1200 to 1500°C for densification.
Phase purity and particle size of the synthesized powder was
BOBMZTFEVTJOH93%BOE5&.BOBMZTFTSFTQFDUJWFMZ4JOUFSFE
samples were also analysed for their physical, mechanical (b)
and microstructural properties.

Figure1 shows the XRD patterns of yttria powder produced


through the indigenous sol gel process. It can be observed
from figure 1 that the powders were highly crystalline
containing no peaks of other phases and impurities. Figure
TIPXTUIFUSBOTNJTTJPOFMFDUSPONJDSPTUSVDUVSFPGUIFJO
house synthesized yttria powder. It can be observed that the
particles are uniform in size with narrow size distribution
XJUI BO BWFSBHF TJ[F PG  UP  ON 4PMHFM QSPDFTTJOH
with controlled molecular concentration, pH of the sol,
seed particle size and morphology, appropriate calcination
temperature followed by milling resulted in achieving nano
powders with narrow size distribution. Fig. 2 (a) TEM image of in-house synthesized Y2O3 powders and
(b) SEM image of sintered microstructure of Y2O3 ceramics

Contributors: Y Srinivasa Rao and Roy Johnson

49
Research and Technology Highlights

Flash Sintering of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel

Papiya Biswas papiya@arci.res.in

Magnesium Aluminate Spinel (MgAl2O4) is an emerging Shiga, Japan). The current limit at the power supply was set
ceramic material due to its unique combination of to 60 mA. The furnace temperature was raised at a heating
mechanical, optical and corrosion resistance properties. rate of 10°C/min up to 1410°C in air. The power supply was
4FWFSBMSFTFBSDIFSTIBWFFYQMPSFEUIFTJOUFSJOHPG.H"M2O4 then switched to current control when the current reached
CZ WBSJPVT UFDIOJRVFT TVDI BT DPOWFOUJPOBM QSFTTVSFMFTT the limit value. The voltage supply and furnace were turned
sintering as well as pressure and field assisted sintering off 60s after the flash event. A CCD camera recorded the
techniques. Though flash sintering was carried out on sample dimensions through a quartz window positioned
spinel systems in detail, MgAl2O4 was not reported and in front of the furnace. The temperature of the specimen
IFODF  UIJT TUVEZ XBT VOEFSUBLFO %VSJOH øBTITJOUFSJOH  XBTDPODVSSFOUMZNFBTVSFECZBQZSPNFUFS *3$"4$IJOP 
the densification occurs almost immediately (typically<5s) Tokyo, Japan) through another quartz window positioned
VOEFSIJHI%$öFMETBOEIBTBUUSBDUFEFYUFOTJWFBUUFOUJPO behind the furnace. The samples were characterised for
as an innovative sintering technique. This not only results density and microstructure in order to correlate with flash
in significant retardation of grain growth but also leads sintering conditions.
to substantial economic benefits. Spinel powder surface
passivated by ARCI were flash sintered in collaboration The densification curves for the MgAl2O4 materials
with National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan. measured for different applied DC field values as a function
5IF TQJOFM QPXEFS XBT TVSGBDF NPEJöFE BOE NJYFE XJUI of the furnace temperature are shown in Fig. 1along with the
QPMZWJOZM BMDPIPM BT B CJOEFS JO XBUFS BOE XBT VOJBYJBMMZ digital images of green and flash sintered spinel sample. The
DPNQBDUFEVOEFS.1BQSFTTVSFJOBEPHCPOFTIBQFE MgAl2O4BU7DN DPOWFOUJPOBMTJOUFSJOH
FYIJCJUFEBöOBM
EJF5IFEJNFOTJPOTPGUIFEPHCPOFTIBQFETQFDJNFOIBT relative density of 68.6% after the temperature rising up to
a gauge portion of 3.3 mm width, 1.4 mm thickness and ¡$"UUIFöFMETGSPNUP7DN UIFöOBMEFOTJUJFT
20 mm length with a green density of 0.45± 0.005 of the BU UIF FOE PG UIF TJOUFSJOH FYQFSJNFOUT XFSF POMZ TMJHIUMZ
theoretical density. JODSFBTFE  BOE UIF öFMET IBWF OPU FYIJCJUFE TJHOJöDBOU
FòFDU PO UIF EFOTJöDBUJPO CFIBWJPS "U  7DN  'JFME
The specimen was suspended in the center of a furnace in "TTJTUFE 4JOUFSJOH 5FDIOJRVF '"45
 JT GPMMPXFE CZ øBTI
air by two platinum wires attached to the handles of the sintering, which is characterized by almost vertical slopes
dog bone specimen. A constant DC voltage ranging from PG UIF TISJOLBHF DVSWFT UIF EFOTJöDBUJPO JT BDDFMFSBUFE BU
UP7DNXBTBQQMJFEUPUIFTQFDJNFOCZBIJHI temperatures greater than 1200°C with the final density of
WPMUBHF QPXFS TVQQMZ )"31 .BUTVTBEB 1SFDJTJPO  97.9% being achieved at 1410°C. The temperature for the
POTFUPGUIFøBTIXBT¡$BU7DN'JHJTTIPXT
the microstructure of flash sintered samples at 1410°C in
WBSJPVT öFMET PG    BOE  7DN .H"M2O4 sample
TJOUFSFEVOEFS7DNFYIJCJUTTNBMMFSHSBJOTJ[FPGBSPVOE
 ˜N 4QJOFM TQFDJNFO TJOUFSFE BU  7DN BDIJFWFT
similar grain size. However, average grain size of the sample
TJOUFSFE BU 7DN JT BSPVOE  ˜N BMPOH XJUI UIF öOBM
density of 97.9% theoretical density.

Fig. 1 Relative density of the MgAl2O4 specimens with different DC fields as a Fig. 2 SEM images of the MgAl2O4 bodies sintered under the following conditions:
function of the furnace temperature. Photograph of the specimens before (a) Heated up to 1410°C at the field of 0 V/cm (conventional sintering),
and after the flash sintering at 1000 V/cm is inserted (b) Heated up to 1410°C at 750 V/cm and (c) flash-sintered at 1000 V/cm

Contributors: Y Srinivasa Rao and Roy Johnson

50
Research and Technology Highlights

Cordierite Reticulated Foam Based Porous Burners

Pandu Ramavath pandu@arci.res.in

'PTTJMGVFMEFQMFUJPOOFDFTTJUBUFTUIFOFFEPGFOFSHZFóDJFOU medium. Thus, an optimal pore size should be chosen above


BOE FDPGSJFOEMZ UFDIOPMPHJFT GPS FOFSHZ NBOBHFNFOU JO which this flame propagates and below which the flame
various vital sectors. Porous Medium Combustion within quenching occurs. Flame propagation may also occur if the
the pores of the reticulated foam structures is considered UFNQFSBUVSFPGUIFNBUSJYJTIJHI
UPCFPOFPGUIFGFBTJCMFPQUJPOTXIJDIDBOCFFYQMPSFEGPS
FOIBODFEFOFSHZFóDJFODZ$PSEJFSJUF .H0"M2O3.5SiO2) It was observed that the flame stabilization occurred at
ceramic being one of the interesting ceramic due to its the total LPG and air flow rate corresponding to the Peclet
VOJRVF QSPQFSUJFT PG MPX UIFSNBM FYQBOTJPO DPVQMFE XJUI number of around 65. A typically flame stabilized foam based
high chemical stability. radiant burner is depicted in Fig. 1(b) and temperature of the
GPBNCFEXBTGPVOEUPCF¡$1SFMJNJOBSZFYQFSJNFOUT
Cordierite foam structures are fabricated by impregnating using foams for radiant burning of LPG shows the feasibility
cordierite precursor slurry with optimum rheology on GPSFYQMPSBUJPOPGBQQMJDBUJPOTBTJOEVTUSJBMCVSOFST
reticulated poly urethane foams with 10 PPI. Uniformly
coated foams are dried in an oven and burning of PUF was (a)
carried out using the heating schedule and the ceramic foams
XFSFTJOUFSFEBU¡$GPSIST4JOUFSFEGPBNTFYIJCJUFEB
cell diameter of 1.88 mm and strut thickness of 0.8 mm with
a void fraction of 70% and photograph of the foam is shown
in Fig.1(a). In order to demonstrate the concept of porous
CVSOFS VTJOH GPBNT  BO FYQFSJNFOUBM TFUVQ DPOTJTUJOH PG
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as source with the controlled
WPMVNFUSJD øPX XBT GBCSJDBUFE BOE FYQFSJNFOUT XFSF
carried out using an indigenously designed burner.

5IFCVSOFSJTEFTJHOFEXJUIBQSFNJYJOHDIBNCFSBOEUIF
foam at the top as a porous combustion media. Compared to
free flame, the effective heat transport through the porous
NFEJVNJTFYQFDUFEUPCFUXPUPUISFFPSEFSTPGNBHOJUVEF
This higher heat transfer in porous media leads to a faster (b)
flame propagation leading to flame stabilization during
combustion. Though various approaches are there for
flame stabilisation, the approach most relevant for burner
applications are two regimes corresponding to higher and
MPXFS WFMPDJUJFT BOE JT EFöOFE CZ UIF NPEJöFE 1FDMFU
number Pe,

Pe is formed with the laminar burning velocity (flame speed)


SL the flow velocity which describes the relation between
the heat removal on pore walls and heat release by the
combustion in the pore. This ratio must be higher than
the critical value for flame propagation in porous medium,
which is given as 65. Flame propagation in the foam is
dominated by convection but also radiative properties of the
TPMJE NBUSJY BOE UIF IJHI UIFSNBM DPOEVDUJWJUZ JOøVFODFT
the flame speed. Further, influencing parameters of Pe are
the thermal diffusivity of and the effective pore diameter
dp;eff. The choice of the pore size of ceramic foam decides,
whether flame propagation takes place or not in a porous Fig.1 (a) Cordierite based foam (b) Flame stabilization within foam

Contributors: Y Srinivasa Rao and Roy Johnson

51
Research and Technology Highlights

Water Splitting in Alkaline Electrolyser Over Bulk Monolith


Nickel Electrodes Surface Modified by Combining Laser and Heat
Treatments
I Ganesh ibramganesh@arci.res.in

Water splitting into hydrogen (H2


BOEPYZHFO 02) gases at XBTTVCKFDUFEUPBMBTFSUSFBUNFOUBU_8JOBOPQFOBJS
MPXFS PWFSQPUFOUJBMT BOE IJHIFS FOFSHZ FóDJFODJFT  UIBO atmosphere. Higher current densities at relatively lower onset
those of current industrial processes using energy that is SFEVDUJPOBTXFMMBTPYJEBUJPOQPUFOUJBMTGPSCPUIIZESPHFO
not derived from fossil fuels, is of great importance from BOEPYZHFOFWPMVUJPOSFBDUJPOT JF )&30&3
DBOCFTFFO
UIFQPJOUPGWJFXPGOPUPOMZNJUJHBUJOHUIFDBSCPOEJPYJEF from Fig. 1, in which they are indicated with a blue line over
(CO2) associated global warming problem but also from the UIFUIJSE/JFMFDUSPEFJODPNQBSJTPOUPPUIFSUXPEJòFSFOUMZ
SFBMJ[BUJPOPGBOFóDJFOUBSUJöDJBMQIPUPTZOUIFTJTQSPDFTTGPS USFBUFE/JFMFDUSPEFT5IFUIJSE/JFMFDUSPEFIBEBWFSZDMFBO
producing alternative renewable liquid chemical fuels that BOE TIJOZ TVSGBDF  XIFSFBT  UIF TFDPOE /JFMFDUSPEF IBE B
BSF FNQMPZBCMF JO UIF QSFTFOU FYJTUJOH FOFSHZ EJTUSJCVUJPO DPNQMFUFCMBDLHSFFODPMPSFETVSGBDFUIBUXBTJEFOUJöFEUP
infrastructure without any severe economical consequences be due to the presence of NiO and Ni2O3 films on the surface
while transforming from fossil fuel energy dependency to of Ni metal. We believe that this clean and very shiny surface
OPOGPTTJM GVFM  SFOFXBCMF BOE TPMBS FOFSHZ EFQFOEFODZ PG UIJSE /JFMFDUSPEF JT SFTQPOTJCMF GPS UIF OPUFE FOIBODFE
Furthermore, the current industrial H2 production process (i.e., cathodic as well as anodic reaction activities for water
TUFBN SFGPSNJOH PG NFUIBOF
 QSPEVDFT BCPVU  UPOT PG splitting in an alkaline electrolyzer. Further to our surprise,
CO2 gas for every ton of H2 gas produced. In view of these and these current density values are higher than those reported
in order to develop a clean and suitable process for producing so far in the literature for bulk monolith Ni electrodes under
H2 gas from water without generating any carbon footprint, ambient conditions. Incidentally, this is the first report dealing
"3$*  IBT SFDFOUMZ JOJUJBUFE BO JOIPVTF 3% QSPHSBN  BOE with the laser treated Ni electrodes employed for splitting
successfully designed and developed an alkaline electrolyzer water in alkaline electrolyzers. The alkaline electrolyzer
to split water into H2 and O2 HBTFT BU PWFSQPUFOUJBMT MPXFS FNQMPZFE GPS IJHIQSFTTVSF FMFDUSPMZTJT PG XBUFS  BOE UIF
UIBOBOEGBSBEBJDBOEFOFSHZFóDJFODJFTIJHIFSUIBOUIPTF Zirfon® perl anion transporting membrane employed for
PGDVSSFOUJOEVTUSJBMQSPDFTTFTVTJOHTJNQMFBOEJOFYQFOTJWF separating anodic and cathodic compartments in this water
bulk monolith nickel (Ni) anodes and cathodes surface treated splitting reaction are given in Fig. 2 (a) & (b), respectively.
by following combined laser and heat treatments. Fig. 1 (a) &
C
SFWFBMUIFDZDMJDWPMUBNNFUSZ $7
QSPöMFTHFOFSBUFEGPS
XBUFS PYJEBUJPO BOE SFEVDUJPO SFBDUJPOT  SFTQFDUJWFMZ  PWFS
(a)
three different types of bulk monolith Ni (working) electrodes
surface treated by following three different procedures as
EFTDSJCFECFMPXBHBJOTUUIFBTQVSDIBTFE/JTIFFUDPVOUFS
FMFDUSPEF 5IF öSTU /J FMFDUSPEF XBT UIF BTQVSDIBTFE /J
sheet surface treated by following the usual laboratory
surface cleaning techniques, the second Ni electrode was
UIFBTQVSDIBTFEB/JTIFFUTVCKFDUFEUPBOIFBUUSFBUNFOU
at 1000q$ GPS  I JO BO PQFOBJS NVõF GVSOBDF BOE UIFO
directly quenched from 1000qC into a doubly distilled water
BUSPPNUFNQFSBUVSF BOEUIFUIJSE/JFMFDUSPEFXBTUIFTBNF
BT UIBU PG TFDPOE /JFMFDUSPEF CVU CFGPSF IFBUUSFBUNFOU JU

(a) (b) (b)

Fig. 1 Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of 25 wt.% aqueous KOH solution recorded over differently Fig. 2 The digital photographs of (a) custom-made SS-316 high-pressure two-compartment
surface modified Ni bulk monolith metal electrodes anodically (a) and cathodically electrochemical cell and (b) Zirfon® perl anion transporting membrane employed
(b) recorded at a scanning rate of 100 mV/s after purging and blanketing the electrolyte for splitting water into H2 and O2 gases from 25 wt.% aqueous KOH solution
with Ar gas at 20 sccm. using surface treated Ni electrodes.

Contributors: Gururaj Telasang and Prasanna Kumar Bej

52
Centre for Laser Processing of Materials

T he Centre for Laser Processing of Materials (CLPM) works towards development and promotion of laser-based manufacturing
solutions for the industry. The activities span from R&D work towards an in-depth understanding of various processes,
development of applications and manufacturing solutions followed by know-how transfer to the user industries. The research
topics are: materials joining (laser welding, laser-arc hybrid welding, laser brazing), surface treatment (hardening, cladding,
alloying and softening), repair & refurbishment and micromachining (surface texturing, microcutting, microdrilling etc.). During the
year, activities on laser based metal additive manufacturing have been initiated with the objective of developing next generation
aerospace components, bio-medical parts, special tools & dies and refurbishment of damaged components. A powder bed type
Additive Manufacturing (AM) demonstration machine with a 280 x 280 x 365 mm³ build envelope equipped with 400 W Yb-Fibre
laser was established jointly with SLM Solutions Singapore Pvt. Ltd., and Design Tech Systems Limited.

In the ultrafast laser processing, various application development/demonstration activities such as laser surface texturing of
automotive engine materials for improved tribological performance, fabrication of microheaters, modification of co-fired ceramic
PCBs, microdrilling of fast X-ray apertures , microslit cutting of astronomical telescope etc. were undertaken.

In the laser hardening area, a very innovative method of laser microstructuring under water on very low carbon and thin automotive
steel sheets was demonstrated. Similarly, laser hardening process has been developed on roller bearing elements like racers and
rollers with controlled distortion, surface finish and substantial improvement in tribological performance.

A very advanced laser brazing system which has been commissioned in the recent past has been extensively used to carry-out
seam tracking based joining of metallic materials in similar and dissimilar combinations. Especially, joining of aluminium alloys
and steel have been successfully achieved and physical demonstrator assemblies were attempted.

Laser and laser-MIG hybrid welding was successfully used to weld thick sections of nickel based super alloys IN617 and HAYNES 230
tubes and plates, which are materials for Advanced Ultra Super Critical (AUSC) steam boiler.

The laser clad coating technology for life improvement of thermal power plant burner tips which was developed in the past has
been taken up by an industry for commercial applications. Repair and refurbishment of expensive aero-engine components and
diesel engine blocks using the laser cladding technique were attempted and prototypes for field testing were fabricated.

The centre has organized a one day conference on “Future of Indian Automotive Industry: Lasers and its Applications” in association
with Messes Muenchen India co-located with Laser World of Photonics India at BIEC, Bengaluru.

In summary, laser based manufacturing processes were developed for application in various industrial sectors such as automotive,
thermal power, electronics and tools & dies. In the current year, the centre made a successful entry into AM as well.

Joint Technology Demonstration Centre with SLM Solutions and Design Tech Systems Powder Bed Type Additive Manufacturing (AM) Demonstration Machine

G Padmanabham
gp@arci.res.in

53
Research and Technology Highlights

Ultrafast Laser Surface Micro-texturing of Automotive


Components to Improve their Friction Behavior

Ravi Bathe ravi@arci.res.in

-BTFS TVSGBDF NJDSPUFYUVSJOH JT B TVSGBDF FOHJOFFSJOH VOEFSPQUJDBMNJDSPTDPQF5IFTFNJDSPUFYUVSFETVSGBDFTXFSF


process used for the fabrication of micro features i.e., dimples, IBWJOHNJDSPEJNQMFT BCPVU˜NJOEJBNFUFSBOE˜N
NJDSPHSPPWFT  NJDSPQSPUSVTJPOT  NJDSPDSPTT IBUDI PO UIF in depth. The dimples indicate slight resolidification and no
contacting surfaces for modifying the surface tribological spatters were present around periphery. Figure 2 shows the
QSPQFSUJFT5IFTFTVSGBDFNJDSPUFYUVSFQBUUFSOTBSFDBQBCMF 3BNBOTQFDUSBPGVOUFYUVSFEBOEGFNUPTFDPOEMBTFSUFYUVSFE
of generating the additional hydrodynamic pressure, thereby samples. Intense G band peak at 1582 cm observed in case
increasing the load carrying capacity of the surfaces. Such PGGFNUPTFDPOEMBTFSUFYUVSFETBNQMFSFQSFTFOUTEFGFDUGSFF
UFYUVSFT BSF BMTP VTFGVM GPS USBQQJOH XFBS EFCSJT  XIFO HSBQIJUFMBZFSGPSNBUJPOPOUFYUVSFETVSGBDFT'JHVSFTIPXT
operating under dry sliding conditions and sometimes UIFWBSJBUJPOJOGSJDUJPODPFóDJFOUXJUISFTQFDUUPTMJEJOHUJNF
provide effects like enhancing oil supply (lubricant reservoir) GPSUIFVOUFYUVSFEBOEMBTFSUFYUVSFETBNQMFTVOEFSTUBSWFE
XIJDIDBOMPXFSGSJDUJPODPFóDJFOUTBOENBZFOBCMFSFEVDFE lubrication conditions. It was observed that the friction and
wear rate. XFBSCFIBWJPSPGHSBZDBTUJSPOBSFJOøVFODFECZUIFNJDSP
UFYUVSJOH BOE GPSNBUJPO PG B HSBQIJUF TVSGBDF MBZFS 8IFO
5IF MBTFS TVSGBDF UFYUVSJOH FYQFSJNFOUT XFSF QFSGPSNFE DBTU JSPO JT UFYUVSFE XJUI GFNUPTFDPOE MBTFS  UIF TVSGBDFT
using gray cast iron coupons. Gray cast iron is one of the are covered with graphite film layers, and the adhesive
most widely used materials for the cylinder liners and piston XFBSBOEUIFGSJDUJPODPFóDJFOUEFDSFBTFTJHOJöDBOUMZ*GUIF
rings in automobile industry. It contains carbon in the form TVSGBDFPGDBTUJSPOJTDPWFSFEXJUINFUBMMBZFST VOUFYUVSFE
PGHSBQIJUFøBLFTJOJUTNJDSPTUSVDUVSF5IFTBNQMFT Y surface) which have undergone plastic flow due to grinding,
mm2 square shape with a 5 mm thickness, were mechanically severe adhesive wear occurs immediately. Femtosecond
QPMJTIFEUPBOBWFSBHFSPVHIOFTTPGBCPVU˜N5IFMBTFS MBTFS UFYUVSFE TVSGBDF FYIJCJUT DPOTJEFSBCMZ MPXFS GSJDUJPO
FNQMPZFEGPSJSSBEJBUJPOXBTGFNUPTFDPOEQVMTFE5J4BQQIJSF DPFóDJFOU DPNQBSFE UP UIF VOUFYUVSFE TVSGBDF5IF SFBTPO
regenerative amplifier laser. The beam was normally incident is ascribed to the absence or very minimal resolidification and
to the samples and focused by 50 mm focal lens to a 1/e2 lesser presence of spatter particles on the femtosecond laser
EJBNFUFSPG_˜N5IFTBNQMFTXFSFMBTFSUSFBUFEUPDPWFS UFYUVSFE TVSGBDF %VSJOH TMJEJOH XFBS UFTUT  UIF TQBUUFS BOE
varying percentages of the surface area to study the effect SFEFQPTJUFE NBUFSJBM JO UFYUVSFE TBNQMFT DPMMBQTFE SFBEJMZ
PG UFYUVSJOH EFOTJUJFT 5IF GSJDUJPO BOE UIF XFBS UFTU XFSF and replaced itself as wear debris. Debris sticking to the
QFSGPSNFEVTJOHBCBMMPOEJTLUSJCPNFUFS5IFCBMMXBT"M2O3 wear surface also increases the friction response. The main
with 8 mm diameter and the track diameter was set at 6 mm. improving mechanisms of friction are wear debris storage,
All the tests were performed under dry contact and lubrication HSBQIJUFöMNMBZFSTBOETUSFTTSFMFBTF"TUIFUFYUVSFEFOTJUZ
DPOEJUJPOT 4"&8EJFTFMFOHJOFPJM
XJUIOPSNBMGPSDFPG increases, the real area of contact decreases and the adhesion
49.09 N and the sliding speed of 200 rpm. All the tests were decreases but the mechanical deformation increases, due to
carried out at room temperature (27 ± 20C) and the relative DPODFOUSBUFEIJHITUSFTTFT"NPOHUIFUFYUVSFT UIFTBNQMF
humidity of 50 ± 5 %. The ultrafast laser irradiation on cast XJUI   UFYUVSF EFOTJUZ BQQFBST UP HJWF UIF CFTU SFTVMUT
JSPOTVSGBDFDSFBUFTNJDSPUFYUVSFTBMPOHXJUIGPSNBUJPOPGB BNPOH UIF UFYUVSFT UFTUFE JO UIJT XPSL 5IFSFGPSF  TVSGBDF
graphite film on surface. The nature of formed graphite was NJDSPUFYUVSJOHCZGFNUPTFDPOEMBTFSJSSBEJBUJPOJTFYQFDUFE
DIBSBDUFSJ[FECZNJDSP3BNBOTQFDUSPTDPQZ'JHVSFTIPXT to be a useful tool for improving tribological characteristics of
UIFNPSQIPMPHJFTPGUIFMBTFSUFYUVSFETVSGBDFTBTPCTFSWFE automotive engine components.

Fig. 1 Optical microscope image of dimples created with Fig. 2 Raman spectra of un-textured and Fig. 3 Ball-on-disk test performed at room
femtosecond laser surface micro-texturing femtosecond laser textured temperature: friction coefficient as a
on a material’s surface samples function of time

Contributors: D Nazeer Basha and G Padmanabham

54
Research and Technology Highlights

Powder-Bed Laser Assisted Metal Additive Manufacturing

Gururaj Telasang gururajst@arci.res.in

Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) is rapidly becoming an built at ARCI using AM which are otherwise challenging for
important method for the fabrication of both prototype and conventional (subtractive) manufacturing, (a) Hole in a hole
production metal parts. The additive process opens a new sphere with conformal cooling channel. Matt finish is the
XPSMEPGEFTJHOJOOPWBUJPOUIBUQSFWJPVTMZEJEOPUFYJTU5IFSF SFTVMU PG TIPU CMBTUJOH C
 3JOH NBEF XJUI öOF IPOFZDPNC
is a need for development of methodology and criteria for a TUSVDUVSF D
"TCVJMUBOETIPUCMBTUFE*NQFMMFSXJUIUXJTUFE
part selection, approach for a redesign of the selected parts to CMBEFT E
.FUBMMJDöMUFSBOE F
4NBMMIPMMPXJOKFDUJPOOP[[MF
GVMMZFYQMBJOUIFBEWBOUBHFPG-".)PXFWFS UIFUFDIOPMPHZ of 22 mm height with three opening slots at the tip.
is just in its infancy, and significant work still needs to be done
for understanding how various process parameters affect the Test coupons built along with above components using
results and development of new materials. LAM methods facility at ARCI have shown density of 99.68% of theoretical
typically have a relatively small process window of laser density, which corresponds to porosity of 0.32%.
parameters, where minor changes in beam dimension and
scanning strategies can significantly affect quality.

ARCI established joint technology demonstration centre


for laser assisted metal additive manufacturing facility in
collaboration with M/s. SLM Solutions GmbH.

Attempts are being made to establish powder bed AM


process and develop Hybrid AM process combining powder
CFE -".
 XJUI QPXEFS GFFE -&/4
 BOEPS XJSF GFFE MBTFS
process and even conventional process for new generation
engineering components with different alloys such as super
alloys, aluminum alloys, steels and titanium alloys. It is also
envisaged to improve the AM process to be more innovative, Fig. 1 Various stage of AM process development
sustainable and environmentally friendly.

AM process development for challenging and critical


components involves various stages as shown in Figure 1.
"3$*TFYQFSUJTFJOMBTFSQSPDFTTJOH QPXEFSNFUBMMVSHZBOE
facilities such as HIP and high temperature vacuum and inert
atmosphere furnaces very nicely complement in terms of
realizing usable AM components. The collaboration between
AM suppliers, designers and end users can spur ideas for
EFTJHOJOHOFXQSPEVDUTBMUPHFUIFSUIBUBSFEJóDVMUUPEFTJHO
and manufacture through conventional techniques. ARCI’s
laser assisted metal AM system (Figure 2) has unique features
TVDIBTTQPUTJ[FPG˜N7BSJP4DBOXJUIQSPDFTTJOH
Fig. 2 Metal powder bed AM system @ ARCI
TQFFEVQUPNTJOUIFCVJMEBSFBPGYYNN3.
5PQIFBE QPXEFS SFöMMJOH CJEJSFDUJPOBM SFDPBUJOHh MBZFS (a) (b) (d) (e)
DPOUSPMTZTUFNXJUIBVUPDPSSFDUJWFMBZFSTQSFBEUFDIOPMPHZ
MBZFS UIJDLOFTT  UP  ˜N XJUI JODSFNFOU PG  ˜N  BOE
VOJOUFSSVQUFE DPNQPOFOUT CVJMEJOH XJUI TQFFE VQUP 
cm3/h using single 400 W Laser.
(c)
The quality of the component produced by AM is influenced
by various process parameters. There are over 50 different
process parameters that impact the ultimate quality of the
finished part, creating a significant challenge in understanding
process physics and developing an effective process control Fig. 3 Photographs showing (a) Hole in a hole sphere (b) Ring (c) Impeller
strategy. Figure 3 shows photographs of components (d) Metallic filter, and (e) Nozzle

Contributors: K Divya and G Padmanabham

55
Research and Technology Highlights

Influence of Processing Conditions on Residual Stress Levels of


Laser Treated Surface Obtained on 1%C- Steel

S M Shariff shariff@arci.res.in

Residual stresses induced on steel due to laser surface UIFUSFBUFETVSGBDFFOIBODFEUP+.QBBOE+ 25


hardening plays a pivotal role in enhancing component life MPa respectively with and without fluid contact conditions.
by virtue of improvement in properties such as wear, fatigue This could be attributed to the level of strains induced in the
etc. Changes in residual stress of laser treated surfaces layer associated with martensitic transformation. Indeed,
of steel are not only affected by prior microstructure and WBTUSFEVDUJPOJOȺ'F9SBZQFBLJOUFOTJUZBDDPNQBOJFEXJUI
process induced thermal gradients but also on stress broadening observed in the inset XRD graph corroborate
conditions prior to treatment and chemical composition. the effect. Apparently, high magnification microstructure
Although transformation induced stresses in laser hardened analysis revealed predominantly refined martensite/globular
steel are well reported, altering the stress conditions due to carbide with pockets of retained austenite. Furthermore,
different conditions such as pulsed mode of processing and refinement in martensite enhanced in the treated surface
laser processing with fluid contact beneath the work piece NJDSPTUSVDUVSF QSPDFTTFE VOEFS øVJE DPOUBDU $86'
 BT
are new and needs further understanding. compared to that processed without fluid contact, associated
XJUI QSFWBJMJOH IJHIFS IFBU USBOTGFS DPFóDJFOU *O DBTF PG
The present work relates to comparison of residual stress 1- BOE 1-6' QSPDFTTFE DPOEJUJPOT  GVSUIFS FOIBODFNFOU
MFWFMTPCUBJOFEPOUIFTVSGBDFPGUIFMBTFSIBSEFOFE$ JODPNQSFTTJWFSFTJEVBMTUSFTTMFWFMT +BOE+
steel processed under different setup and conditions. A  .1B
 DPVME CF PCTFSWFE BT DPNQBSFE UP $8 BOE $8
NN UIJDL TUFFM HSJOEFE QMBUF XJUI QSJPSNJDSPTUSVDUVSF UF conditions. Indeed high cooling rates that prevail in
DPNQSJTJOH QSFEPNJOBOUMZ NBSUFOTJUF BOE UISPVHI PL mode facilitate highly stressed martensitic refinement
UIJDLOFTT IBSEOFTT SBOHJOH GSPN  o  )7 <PCUBJOFE coupled with enhanced carbide refinement. On the whole,
CZ DPOWFOUJPOBM UISPVHIIBSEFOJOH $)5
 USFBUNFOU> XBT high compressive residual stress condition of laser treated
VTFEGPSUIFQVSQPTF"NNXJEFEJPEFMBTFSCFBNXBT surface layer processed under fluid contact beneath the
TDBOOFEBMPOHUIFQSJPSIBSEFOFETVSGBDFVOEFSBOBSHPO TQFDJNFOFYQFSJFODFWBTUJNQSPWFNFOUJOXFBSSFTJTUBODF
shielding atmosphere with a constant heat input of 160 J/ as well as fatigue strength and thereby life.
mm in both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed wave (PL)
modes. Additionally, the treatment was carried out with
appropriate arrangement to induce fluid contact beneath
the bottom surface of the work piece to enhance heat
removal. The nomenclature used for different conditions
of laser processing are namely, (a) CHT (Untreated,
DPOWFOUJPOBMMZ QSJPSIBSEFOFE
 C
 $8 MBTFS QSPDFTTFE JO
$8NPEF
 D
$86' MBTFSQSPDFTTFEVOEFS$8NPEFXJUI
øVJEDPOUBDUCFOFBUIUIFTQFDJNFO
 E
1- MBTFSQSPDFTTFE
JO QVMTFE NPEF
 F
 1-6' MBTFS QSPDFTTFE VOEFS QVMTFE
mode with fluid contact beneath the specimen). Residual
stress measurements were carried by employing sin2ψ based
93% UFDIOJRVF VTJOH $S,Ⱥ UBSHFU XJUI NN BQFSUVSF "
diffraction angle peak, (213), occurring at 1560 was chosen
with determination of lattice strain from 15 measurements
BUUISFFEJòFSFOUBOHMFTBOETFWFSBMɏUJMUTJOUIFSBOHF
UP EFHSFFTXJUITUSFTTCFJOHFWBMVBUFEGSPNUIF9SBZ
elastic constants to obtain the stress tensor.

Results depicted from figure evidently indicate significant


enhancement in compressive stress level on treated
TVSGBDFT QSPDFTTFE VOEFS øVJE XBUFS
DPOUBDU 6OUSFBUFE
TUFFM TVSGBDF  BMUIPVHI QSJPSIBSEFOFE XJUI NBSUFOTJUJD
USBOTGPSNBUJPO TIPXFEBMPXSFTJEVBMTUSFTTMFWFMPG+
15 MPa owing to surface grinding operation being carried
Fig 1 Residual stress levels obtained on laser-treated steel surface processed with
out prior to measurement. With laser treatment under CW different conditions: [Inset graph shows X-ray diffraction patterns processed
mode of processing, the induced compressive stresses on under different conditions]

Contributors: E Anusha

56
Research and Technology Highlights

Refurbishment of High Strength Steels using Laser Cladding


Technique

Manish Tak manish@arci.res.in

High strength low alloy steels are commonly used in high strength low alloy steel was developed successfully with
automotive, energy and general engineering sectors for crack free clad with minimal porosity (less than 0.5% porosity)
various power transmission gears shafts, connecting rods and a uniform hardness profile. In order to evaluate mechanical
propeller shafts, and heavy forgings such as rotors, shafts, disc TUSFOHUI BOE XFBS QSPQFSUJFT  NJDSPUFOTJMF UFTU BOE CBMMPO
etc. Such components can be damaged during operation disc sliding wear tests on clad material are being carried out.
due to wear at the contact areas and refurbishment of such
components using laser cladding can save the replacement Table 1 Chemical composition of the 4340 powder
cost. Also, refurbishment technology can be beneficial in
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo
countering environmental concerns.
Wt % 0.40 0.75 0.30 0.80 1.80 0.25
In the present work, repair of low alloy high strength steel in
(a) 415HV (b) 580HV
hardened and tempered condition was studied using laser
cladding process. The clad powder was selected based on
required properties such as wear resistance at least on par
XJUIUIFTVCTUSBUFIBSEOFTTPGUIFCBTFNBUJOHTVSGBDFBOE
DPNQBUJCJMJUZXJUIUIFTVCTUSBUFJOUFSNTPGUIFSNBMFYQBOTJPO
and other mechanical properties. Alloy steel AISI4340 powder
XBT TFMFDUFE GPS UIF MBTFS DMBEEJOH FYQFSJNFOUBUJPOT 5IF
chemical composition of the same is mentioned in the
table 1. Hardened and tempered substrate was used for the
FYQFSJNFOUBUJPO-BTFSDMBEEJOHXBTQFSGPSNFEVTJOHBL8
IJHI QPXFS EJPEF MBTFS XIJDI JT JOUFHSBUFE XJUI B   BYFT
robotic system.

5IF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM NBDSPHSBQI BOE NJDSPIBSEOFTT QMPU PG (c) 380HV (d) 680HV
the single track clad with optimized parameters are shown in
fig 1 and 2. As it is a highly hardenable steel a Heat Affected
;POF )";
PG˜NEFQUIXJUIBIBSEOFTTPG)7XBT
observed. The area clads also show the HAZ but as the laser
cladding in area is done by overlapping of the single track
clads, the first clad will be hardened and tempered when the
neighboring clad is deposited. Fig 3 shows the different heat
affected regions in the clad due to subsequent clads. The
NJDSPIBSEOFTT PG UIFTF SFHJPOT WBSJFT GSPN  UP )7
Fig. 3 Area clad macro and micrographs at different heat affect and tempered regions
Micrographs at 2000X for each region are shown in the fig
 *O PSEFS UP IPNPHFOJ[F UIJT NJDSPTUSVDUVSF B QPTU DMBE
IFBU USFBUNFOU 1$)5
 XBT DBSSJFE PVU 5IF DSPTTTFDUJPOBM
hardness profile after PCHT is shown in the fig 4. It can be
observed that the hardness profile is uniform in the clad, HAZ
and substrate region. A laser cladding solution for repair of

Fig. 1 Cross-sectional macrograph of Fig. 2 Cross-sectional micro-hardness Fig. 4 Cross-sectional micro-hardness profile of area clad in as cladded
single track clad profile of single clad bead and PCHT conditions

Contributor: G Padmanabham

57
Research and Technology Highlights

Non-Traditional Welding of Thick Section Maraging Steel

K V Phani Prabhakar phani@arci.res.in

.BSBHJOHTUFFMTBSFJSPOOJDLFMBMMPZTUIBUFYIJCJUBOFYDFMMFOU 5IF USBOTWFSTF DSPTT TFDUJPOBM NBDSPHSBQI PG TJOHMFQBTT


DPNCJOBUJPO PG VMUSBIJHI TUSFOHUI BOE HPPE GSBDUVSF MBTFS IZCSJE CVUU XFME JT TIPXO JO 'JHVSF  .BDSPFUDIJOH
UPVHIOFTT/J$P.P5J"MHSBEFNBSBHJOHTUFFM revealed three distinct regions in the weld apart from base
is used as structural material for critical rocket motor casings in NFUBM B
 'VTJPO [POF ';
 DPNQSJTJOH PG XJEFS VQQFS BSD
the propulsion systems of launch vehicles. They are generally GVTJPO[POF "';
BOEOBSSPXMPXFSMBTFSGVTJPO[POF -';

welded in solution annealed condition followed by post weld C
-JHIUFUDIFE)";)";BOED
%BSLFUDIFE)"; &ZFCSPX
aging treatment at ≈480°C. Formation of reverted austenite in zone)/ HAZ2. The width of HAZ2 varied along the fusion
the fusion zone (FZ) after post weld aging (PWHT) and the width line from top to bottom from 0.6 mm near AFZ to about 1.2
PG UIF IFBU BòFDUFE [POF )";EBSL CBOE &ZF CSPX [POF

 mm near LFZ. Moreover, the width of the heat affected zone


could reduce the weld joint performance, especially when (HAZ) was reduced and the micro hardness results indicate
UIJDLTFDUJPOTBSFXFMEFEXJUINVMUJQBTT.*(XFMEJOH%VSJOH neglible softening in the HAZ after post weld aging. This is
XFMEJOH UIJTQBSUPG)";FYQFSJFODFTUFNQFSBUVSF  due to overall low heat input in the single pass hybrid welding
°C) comparable to the aging temperature of the alloy. Since the QSPDFTTDPNQBSFEUPNVMUJQBTTXFMEJOHXJUIQSPDFTTFTTVDI
precipitates were already formed in this region during welding, as MIG. The size and volume fraction of reverted austenite
the post weld aging treatment will result in coarsening of the in the fusion zone also seems to be low. The size of reverted
precipitates that lessens the strength of the weld. Hence, it is austenite pools in the AFZ and LFZ was 4 to 8 μm and 2 to 5
necessary to control the width of this band, because, thinner μm, respectively. These RA pools increased in quantity from
the band, it is supported more effectively by the surrounding the fusion boundary to weld centerline. Tensile testing of the
material. During weld metal solidification in the fusion zone, XFMETJOUSBOTWFSTFEJSFDUJPOTIPXFEXFMEFóDJFODZ
UIFJOUFSEFOESJUJDSFHJPOTHFUFOSJDIFEJOOJDLFM NPMZCEFOVN Fractured specimen is shown in figure 2. The fusion zone
and titanium. The enrichment of these alloying elements FYIJCJUFE,IC fracture toughness of 77.4 MPa√m as compared
lowers the austenite reversion temperature of these regions to 110 MPa√m of the base metal, which was possibly due
below the normal aging temperature. This causes appearance to the distribution pattern of reverted austenite. Further
of reverted austenite on aging which reaches its critical stress studies for improving fracture toughness of the fusion zone
NVDI FBSMJFS UIBO UIF IBSEFS NBSUFOTJUF &YUFOTJWF TUVEJFT by altering the solidification behavior are being carried out.
with various welding processes, suggest that higher joint
FóDJFODJFT DBO CF BDIJFWFE XJUI MPX IFBU JOQVU QSPDFTTFT The study clearly demonstrates the process advantages of
LHW for accomplishing thick section welds of maraging
Laser hybrid welding, combining a laser beam with an electric TUFFM JO TJOHMFQBTT XJUI OBSSPX HSPPWF BOE MFTTFS öMMFS XJSF
arc (MIG/MAG) is a rapidly growing technology combining consumption. However, further studies to improve weld zone
UIF BEWBOUBHFT CVU BMTP UIF DPNQMFYJUZ PG CPUI UFDIOJRVFT properties are required to be carried out.
Investigations were carried out to weld 10 mm thick grade 250
NBSBHJOHTUFFMQMBUFTVTJOH-BTFSBSDIZCSJEXFMEJOHQSPDFTT Fracture locations
in single pass. The laser hybrid welding system comprised of AS-WELDED
Rofin DC035 slab CO2MBTFSJOUFHSBUFEXJUI,&.11*130.*(
(Synergic) welding system. Filler wire MDN250 W2 type of 1.2
mm diameter which has higher cobalt but lower molybdenum POST WELD AGED
and titanium contents compared to base material was used.
Fracture path Crack propagating along dendritic boundaries

Fig. 1 Macrograph of laser hybrid weld cross-section Fig. 2 Fractured transverse tensile tested samples

Contributors: L Subashini, E Anbu Rasu and G Padmanabham

58
Centre for Fuel Cell Technology

T he Centre for Fuel Cell Technology (CFCT) continues to be at the forefront of Polymer Electrolyte membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
technology development in the country. The Centre undertakes R&D Activities, covering all aspects of materials to components
to system. Initiatives were taken for manufacturing of fuel cell components and stacks in consultation with relevant Industries.

During the year, apart from demonstrating the PEMFC technology in-house, CFCT has also identified a few collaborators across
India for demonstrating the technology to increase the outreach and market acceptance of the technology. CFCT has demonstrated
the working of complete prototype PEMFC systems along with portable PEMFC systems consisting of electrolysers/metal hydride
canisters, during ARCITechEx2017 and Digitechman 2017 organized by ESCI, Hyderabad. Recently, the working of a complete
PEMFC system along with reactant management system (flow controllers, blowers, humidifiers), power management system
(Converters, Inverters) various load banks (AC , DC), fuel cell control monitoring system along with data logging facility for current,
voltage, temperature, individual cell monitoring provision was demonstrated at Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) . The system
successfully generated a power of 500 KWh using the hydrogen available at GAIL.

Apart from fuel cell technology demonstration, CFCT is also engaged in R & D activities related to durable electro catalysts,
modeling, electrolyzers for hydrogen generation, metallic bipolar plates for transport application of fuel cells, energy storage using
Zn based batteries, hydrogen storage using Alane, and supercapacitors using carbon derived from agricultural wastes.

In terms of creation of new infrastructure, ANSYS software is in place for the simulation of PEMFC stacks. In addition FT-IR
spectrophotometer and battery cycler are installed. During the year, a few students and scientists obtained best presentation
awards in International Conferences.

In summary, during the year the centre successfully field tested its PEM fuel cell systems and increased its outreach towards
collaboration with potential user industries.

N Rajalakshmi R Gopalan
rajalakshmi@arci.res.in gopy@arci.res.in

59
Research and Technology Highlights

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Demonstrations

N Rajalakshmi rajalakshmi@arci.res.in

Fuel Cell Demonstration at Neyveli Lignite Corporation( Similar demonstration has been initiated with the GAIL.
NLC), Neyveli and Gas Authority of India (GAIL) Limited, "GUFS JOTUBMMBUJPO  1&.'$ TUBDL XBT PQFSBUFE BOE  NBOZ
Noida, National Capital Region (NCR). wings of R & D centre of GAIL were lighted using Fuel cell
power. The various challenges that need to be addressed
1&.'VFMDFMMTBSFJEFBMMZTVJUFEGPSEFDFOUSBMJ[FEQPXFS BSFDPOUJOPVTPQFSBUJPOPGUIFTZTUFNXJUIPVUNBOZTUBSU
generation, provided hydrogen is available. In the stops, due to control monitoring system and inverters.
absence of accelerated methods to test fuel cells, the only
option to ascertain the life of the fuel cell systems is to
operate them continuously. This is possible only when the
hydrogen is available continuously. The project aimed to
EFNPOTUSBUF1&.'$BUWBSJPVTTJUFTBOEHFOFSBUFEBUBPG
system developed at various environments. The objective
PGUIFDPMMBCPSBUJPOCFUXFFO$'$5"3$*BOE/-$ /FZWFMJ
is to take forward the fuel cell implementation through
research and for practical applications. The resources
required for the said demonstration were provided
by NLC in terms of hydrogen produced through an
electrolysis process, coolant water and the required loads.
A fully integrated fuel cell system comprising of high
QFSGPSNBODF 1&. GVFM DFMM TUBDL XJUI UIF QFBL DBQBDJUZ
of 5kW, fuel cell control system and thermal management
TZTUFN XJUI QPXFS DPOWFSUFST EFWFMPQFE CZ $'$5
ARCI was tested in the premises of NLC to demonstrate
UIF 1&.'$ GPS TUBUJPOBSZ BQQMJDBUJPOT DPOTJTUJOH PG "$
and DC loads. The power conditioner employed in the
1&.'$TZTUFNJODMVEFECPUI%$"$JOWFSUFSBOE%$%$
converter. During the operation at NLC, a total of 54kWh
of power was generated and was utilized for loads like
IBMPHFOMBNQT "$EJTQMBZVOJU -&%QBOFM *OEVTUSJBMGBO
BOE $'- CVMCT 1&.'$ TZTUFN XPSLFE BU UIF JOEVTUSJBM
site with a current/voltage efficiency of 90%, system
efficiency of 45% using the hydrogen provided by NLC.

Demonstration of PEMFC at NLC, Neyveli Demonstration of PEMFC at GAIL, Noida, New Delhi

Contributors: K Ramya, R Balaji, A Balamurugan, RVadsudevan, R Parthasarathy, N Kannadasan, N Sudalai and Velmurugan

60
Research and Technology Highlights

PEMFC – Science and Engineering Perspective

N Rajalakshmi rajalakshmi@arci.res.in

The conventional carbon supported platinum electrocatalyst a promising candidate. A detailed study of Metallic Bipolar
has a challenging durability issue in the transport application 1MBUF .#11
GPSNBCJMJUZIBTCFFODBSSJFEPVUFYQFSJNFOUBMMZ
PG1&.'$5IFTUBSUVQBOETIVUEPXOPGUIFGVFMDFMMDBVTFT BOE UIF SFBDUBOUT øPX BOBMZTJT CZ VTJOH "/4:4  $'%
the catalyst support material, carbon to corrode at faster (Computational Fluid Dynamics). In the preliminary step, 3D
rate due to the higher potentials created due to the air fuel CAD design of the flow field is modelled and a set of molds
boundary formation at the anode. This serves as a main were fabricated, followed by development of flow field plates
SFBTPO GPS UIF QFSGPSNBODF EFHSBEBUJPO PG 1&.'$  "3$* by stamping method using conventional hydraulic press.
has developed a corrosion resistant support for platinum
catalyst (1) Zirconium Carbide with and without activation The load to impart the flow field design in the substrate
1UB;S$ BOE 1U;S$
 BOE 
 7VMDBO DBSCPO DPBUFE XJUI B material was optimized for making MBPPs without any
QPMZNFSQPMZCFO[JNJEJ[PMF 1U79$1#*
5IFFMFDUSPDBUBMZTUT physical damage. Flow channel depth of 0.95 mm is achieved
were tested electrochemically with various protocols to against the of target (1 mm) by making use of 0.2 mm thick
FTUJNBUFGPSJUT&$4"MPTTBOEXFSFDPNQBSFEXJUIUIF%0& SS316L sheet thus achieving a formability factor of 95%.
UBSHFUT1PMZNFSFMFDUSPMZUFNFNCSBOFGVFMDFMMT 1&.'$T
BSF Further, to improve the corrosion resistance of the SS316L
performance limited in presence of impurities when present in øPX öFMET QMBUFT JO UIF 1&. GVFM DFMM FOWJSPONFOU  TVSGBDF
fuel hydrogen. These impurities adversely affect the kinetics of treatments and coating are being attempted. Plasma Nitriding,
the platinum catalyst. Numerical modeling is a powerful tool one such surface treatment is attempted over SS316 flow field
UP VOEFSTUBOE UIF UIFSNPDIFNJDBM BOE QIZTJDPDIFNJDBM plates in which the flow fields were imparted by conventional
processes that take place within the gas diffusion layer (GDL) NJMMJOHBOEDFMMTUBDLTUVEJFTXFSFDBSSJFEPVUXJUIQMBTNB
and the catalyst layer (CL) during the cell operation. Numerical nitrided SS316 flow field plates.
NPEFMJOHVTJOH$7PEFTPMWFSJNQMFNFOUFEVTJOH$ JTVTFE
UPNPEFMUIFFòFDUPGJNQVSJUJFTMJLF$MJO1&.'$T However, they got corroded after 20 hours of fuel cell
PQFSBUJPO EVF UP  OPOVOJGPSNJUZ JO UIF GPSNFE MBZFS
"JSDPPMFE QPMZNFS FMFDUSPMZUF GVFM DFMMT BSF QPUFOUJBM Optimization of all the associated parameters is being
candidates for stationary and portable power applications, BUUFNQUFE UP PCUBJO DPNQMFUF  QPSFGSFF  VOJGPSN DPBUJOH
due to their simple construction, ease of operation and over the MBPP.
minimum balance of plant. The present objective is to develop
an air cooled polymer electrolyte membrane based fuel cell
stack with enhanced performance that can be easily fitted
into a material handling device. The flow distribution profile
was analysed by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using
ANSYS software. The flow velocity distribution corresponding
to 20 to 100 CFM of air flow rate with different pillar spacing
was simulated to understand the flow distribution pattern
BOEJTTIPXOJO'JHVSF*OMPXUFNQFSBUVSF1&.'$ XBUFS
management is very important for balancing the hydration of Velocity Profile Pattern Experimental Facility for Humidification Studies
the polymer electrolyte membrane as it is essential to reduce
the flooding and dehydration. At CFCT, we have focused on
XBUFSUPHBT GPS  BJS IVNJEJöDBUJPO  BOE  EFQFOET PO UIF
operating temperature of the stack. A closed loop liquid
cooling system has been effectively used for air humidification
XJUIPVUFYUFSOBMIFBUJOH5IFBJSSFMBUJWFIVNJEJUZJODSFBTFE
Die Design and Mould
GSPNUP"L81&.'$NPEVMFIBTCFFOJOUFHSBUFE
with membrane humidifier and the stack performance has
been evaluated and is found that the humidity level of the
PYJEBOUJTTBUJTGBDUPSZGPSUIFPQFSBUJPOPGTUBDL

Graphite, conventional material by which the bipolar plate is


made, suffers from volumetric and machining issues. Metallic
plate is as an alternative and stainless steel is looked upon as Plasma Nitrided SS316 flow field plate and the FC performance
Contributors: R Balaji, M Rajkumar, Ramakrishnan, S Abinaya, Ashwin Nambi, S Meenakshi, Harigopi, Prithi Jayaraj, Anusree
Unnikrishnan, R Parthasarathy, R Vasudevan
61
Research and Technology Highlights

Rechargeable Batteries based on Zinc

K Ramya ramya@arci.res.in

Highly efficient energy storage devices are required for ORR reaction as they provide the required surface
storage of power produced by power plants, renewable area, porosity (for 3 phase reaction) and conductivity.
energy sources like wind power and solar farms etc. The However, these materials are known to corrode at high
stored energy would be useful for transportation, mobile potentials. Hence, modifications in the carbon material
and stationary applications. Zinc based battery systems were carried out by electroless nickel plating, which
offer suitable performance with long discharge/charge help in decreasing the corrosion of the carbon and in
MJGF BU PQUJNBM DPTU BOE BSF OPOGMBNNBCMF BOE OPO achieving high capacity and rechargeability.
FYQMPTJWF JO OBUVSF )PXFWFS  SFDIBSHFBCMF CBUUFSJFT
based on zinc have to overcome the challenges like low Catalyst (Co3O4) and carbon modifications have resulted
cycling stability, high degradation rate, passivation and in cells with higher capacity and rechargeability.
TFMG EJTDIBSHF QPTFE CZ UIF ;JOD FMFDUSPEFT  "MLBMJOF &MFDUSPEF NPEJGJDBUJPOT XFSF BMTP DBSSJFE PVU XJUI "H
;O/JCBUUFSJFTBOE;OBJSCBUUFSJFTBSFCFJOHEFWFMPQFE CBTFEDBUBMZTUTUPJNQSPWFDZDMJOHJOUIFUXPFMFDUSPEF
to capitalize on the advantages of zinc based systems. architecture. The electrodes were found to be stable
for more than 50 cycles of repeated charging and
Two different approaches are being adopted for EJTDIBSHJOH  .FUBM PSHBOJD GSBNFXPSL CBTFE DBUBMZTUT
development of Zn/air batteries of high capacity. In the were also synthesized for use as bifunctional catalysts
first approach, a three electrode cell has been developed for cathode electrodes.
with separate charging and discharging electrodes, i.e.,
UP TFQBSBUF UIF UISFF QIBTF PYZHFO SFEVDUJPO SFBDUJPO
033
 BOE UIF PYZHFO FWPMVUJPO SFBDUJPO 0&3
  4VDI
a system overcomes the irreversibility and the high
potentials involved in the use of bifunctional catalyst.
A three electrode Zn/air cell based on gas diffusion
electrodes coated with Pt/C, Ag/C and a metal free
organically modified graphene catalyst have been Solar Charging of Zn/Air Cell
developed with ~ 75% coulombic efficiency. The cell
could be cycled at various current densities and a At ARCI, attempts are being continued for the development
NBYJNVN DVSSFOU EFOTJUZ PG  N"DN 2. The cell could PG SFDIBSHFBCMF BMLBMJOF ;JOD/JDLFM GPS USBOTQPSU
be cycled for more than 300 cycles. A two cell stack application. Currently, the work has been carried out with
developed in the same configuration gave a capacity UIF BJN PG JNQSPWJOH DZDMF MJGF PG UIF /JDLFM[JOD DFMM CZ
PG 8I " TJY DFMM CBTFE PO UIF BCPWF DPOGJHVSBUJPO modifying the Nickel electrode preparation condition of
XBT BTTFNCMFE BOE B NBYJNVN DBQBDJUZ PG 8I XBT sintering temperature and duration. The performance of
achieved. Further, a freely air breathing Zn/air cell that modified electrode was tested in single cell of electrode
could be discharged with a current density of 3 mA/cm 2 area of about 40 cm2 and cycle life was increased from 100
was also tested. to 220 cycles. Further, the electrode area was scaled up
from 40 sq.cm to 150 sq.cm and the larger volume cell was
fabricated and assembled. The photograph of the larger
area electrode/ cell is shown in the figure 3. The cyclic
behaviour of this cell was tested and obtained about 1.0
Ah capacity for about 100 cycles and further evaluation is
under progress.

Studies on 6 Cell Zn/Air Battery with Cyclic Stability

*OBOPUIFSBQQSPBDI ;OBJSCBUUFSJFTVTJOHCJGVODUJPOBM
DBUBMZTUT DBQBCMF PG PYZHFO SFEVDUJPO BOE PYZHFO
evolution were developed to fabricate cells based on
two electrode architecture. Carbon based materials
are generally used for fabrication of electrodes for Large Area Ni Electrode for 1 Ah Battery with Cyclic Stability

Contributors: R Balaji, N Rajalakshmi, I Karajagi, M Ayub and Ragul Krishnan

62
Research and Technology Highlights

Development of PEM based Electrochemical Methanol Reformer


for On-site Hydrogen Generation

R Balaji rbalaji@arci.res.in

At ARCI, attempts are in progress to carry out to develop NFUIPE 5IF QIZTJPDIFNJDBM DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO GPS
IJHIFS DBQBDJUZ /NIS
 1&. CBTFE &MFDUSPDIFNJDBM prepared electrocatalyst was carried out. The half cell
.FUIBOPM3FGPSNFS &$.3
GPSIZESPHFOQSPEVDUJPO8JUI FMFDUSPDIFNJDBMDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOBOE&$.3GVMMDFMMTUVEJFT
the view to reduce the cost of the electrolyser, an earlier were also performed. The obtained results are superior to
attempt has been made through two different approaches. the carbon supported platinum catalyst, and it provides
(i) by improving system performance (ii) development of DPTUSFEVDUJPOPGBCPVUJO&$.3TUBDL
alternative membrane for use as an electrolyte in place of
the Nafion membrane currently used and (iii) development
of electrocatalyst in place of Pt/C for use as Hydrogen
&WPMVUJPO 3FBDUJPO )&3
 FMFDUSPDBUBMZTU 1SFTFOUMZ  (&/
 &$.3 TUBDLT  EFWFMPQNFOU JT JO QSPHSFTT XJUI UIF
improved electrode performance to meet out the one of
the objectives of the present project.

'VSUIFS  JU JT BJNFE UP EFWFMPQ &$.3 TZTUFN CBTFE PO
renewable energy, especially solar energy that is the
best alternative for producing hydrogen very quickly and
FóDJFOUMZ *OTUFBE PG DPOOFDUJOH UP UIF HSJE  B 17 BSSBZ
may be attached to an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen,
which then may be used in a variety of applications.
5IF EFWFMPQFE TZTUFN JODMVEF J
 " 17 BSSBZ BTTPDJBUFE
XJUI NBYJNVN QPXFS QPJOU USBDLFS EFWJDF .115
 GPS
solar energy conversion to the electricity needed for the
electrolysis. (ii) DC/DC converter. This converter is used to
MJOLUIF17VOJUUPUIFFMFDUSPMZTFSTUBDL JJJ
"OFMFDUSPMZTFS
unit and (iv) Aqueous methanol supply system and (v),
UIFSNBM TZTUFN 5IF 1IPUPHSBQI PG EFWFMPQFE &$.3
system is shown in figure 1. The developed system will
deliver hydrogen at the rate of about 10 lit/hr.

With the view of replacing carbon supported platinum


DBUBMZTU GPS )&3  QBMMBEJVN CBTFE FMFDUSPDBUBMZTU IBT
been studied to achieve better performance than
platinum. Graphene supported Palladium electrocatalyst
was prepared in gram level using modified Hummer’s PV integrated PEM based ECMR for onsite Hydrogen generation and its performance

(A) N-graphene Supported Pd electrocatalyst for HER (B) GEN-2 ECMR Stack

Contributors: V Gautham, Manjulla Reddy, N Sudalaiyandi, R Vasudevan, R Parthasarathy, N Rajalakshmi and K Ramya

63
Research and Technology Highlights

Carbon Derived From Agricultural Resources – Energy Materials


Perspective

R Imran Jafri imraniit@gmail.com

Carbon materials have been widely studied as N7T JO.,0)JT5IFNBYJNVNDBQBDJUBODFPG'BU


electrode for batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors. current of 100 mA is obtained in a parallel configuration.
Supercapacitors (SC), store energy by the formation The cyclic stability of the device was studied at 100 mA
of a double layer of electrolyte ions on the surface of charge/discharge upto 4500 cycle is shown in Figure 1
conducting materials. They have advantages of high (f ).
power density, rapid charging and discharging, without
the loss of efficiency, and very long cycling stability. These materials were also used for fuel cell applications
Synthesis method can be optimized to get different as gas diffusion layers. Carbon materials derived from
shape and morphology of the carbon , suitable for biomass and its byproducts are highly advantageous
various applications. The present work focuses on the being both renewable and sustainable. The physical
synthesis of structural carbons from tamarind seed and electrochemical properties of the obtained carbon
DPOTUJUVFOUT5IFDBSCPONJDSPSPETBOENJDSPTQIFSFT may vary with respect to the structure and morphology
are prepared by hydrothermal treatment using tamarind of the biomass precursor material. In the present work,
seed coat and seed kernel respectively. The porosity we have synthesized carbon Microrod (named after
PG UIFTF NJDSPSPET BOE NJDSPTQIFSFT JT FOIBODFE CZ its structure) material from tamarind seed coat using
chemical activation at different KOH concentrations hydrothermal method. The prepared carbon microrod
and temperature. The scanning electron microscopy material has a surface area of 508 m 2/g and pore volume
JNBHF PG TZOUIFTJ[FE DBSCPO NJDSPSPET BOE NJDSP of 0.60 cm3/g, which is one of the required properties for
spheres are shown in Figure 1(a) & (b). The results clearly efficient catalyst dispersion and reactant gas diffusion.
demonstrate that the morphology of material can be The performance of the prepared carbon as a catalyst
modified and tuned by the selection of carbon precursor support and microporous layer on the gas diffusion layer
and suitable pretreatment procedure. The specific (GDL) is evaluated for its application in low temperature
surface area and pore volume of the samples range from fuel cells. Platinum deposition on microrod support
508 m2g to 1784 m2g and 0.61 cm3g  to 1.53 cm3g, material using microwave assisted method yielded a
respectively. The materials synthesized have been used IJHIFMFDUSPDIFNJDBMMZBDUJWFTVSGBDFBSFB &$4"
PG
as supercapacitor electrodes and have been tested in m 2/g for the synthesized Pt/CR catalyst which is almost 3
symmetric two electrode configuration in 6M KOH as UJNFTIJHIFSDPNQBSFEUPDPNNFSDJBM1U79$DBUBMZTUT
electrolyte. The specific capacitance ranges from 82
Fg to 157 Fg GPSDBSCPONJDSPSPETTBNQMFTBOEGSPN
150 Fg  to 163 Fg  for carbon microspheres at current
density of 0.5 Ag (Figure 1 (c & d)). The supercapacitor
EFWJDF IBT CFFO GBCSJDBUFE VTJOH DBSCPO NJDSPSPE
sample from tamarind seed coat (508 m 2g). The super
capacitance performance of individual cell (1, 2 and 3)
has been tested, which is around 5 F at scan rate of 20

(a) (b) (c)


Activated carbon derived support material for fuel cell aplication

The activity of the synthesized catalyst is evaluated for


VTFJOBDJEJDNFEJBBOENFUIBOPMPYJEBUJPOSFBDUJPO5IF
role of the synthesized carbon as MPL is also validated in a
1SPUPOFYDIBOHFNFNCSBOFGVFMDFMM 1&.'$
TJOHMFDFMM

It has been observed that the low cost carbon derived


(d) (e) (f) from Tamarind seeds after activation was found to be
SEM image of carbon micro-rods (a) and Carbon micro- spheres (b), Specific capacitance suitable due to its conductivity and porosity. However,
vs current density plot for micro-rods (c)and Spheres (d). CV (e) and Cyclic stability curve they suffer from low yield and work is in progress to
of SC device (f) obtain high yield.

Contributors: N Rajalakshmi, T Ramesh and Anusree Unnikrishnan

64
Centre for Non-Oxide Ceramics

C entre for Non-Oxide Ceramics (CNOC) at ARCI has been actively pursuing R&D activities around various carbides, nitrides,
and borides, their coatings and composites for wide range of applications. Focus of the centre being on the development
of SiC mirror for space optics, it continued to peruse research on improvement of silicon carbide substrate properties. During
the period of this report the centre has realized light weighted substrates with complex geometries and configurations up to
a size of 730 mm. The centre has also demonstrated its capability to engineer CVD SiC coatings with the thermal expansion
compatibility with the substrates leading to a high level of surface finish (< 1 nm RMS roughness) on optical polished surface.
ARCI has established the state-of-the-art processing facilities and gathered sufficient expertise through realizing a non-oxide
ceramics based sponsored programme for producing large size ceramic components for blast protection applications with
proven ballistic performance.

The Centre has developed near-net shaped porous SiC parts which will find applications in hot gas and molten metal filtrations,
heat exchangers, and volumetric solar radiation absorbers etc. SiC foams with wide range porosity have been produced
through optimization of various gelcasting parameters including dispersant concentration, slurry viscosity and solid loading.
Ongoing R&D activities of the centre also include development of reticulated SiC foams, ready to press SiC powder through
proper selection of additives and binders, carbon nano fibre and nano tube reinforced silicon carbide composites either by using
nano powder as primary phase or incorporating them in the matrix as a secondary phase. The centre is pursuing research for
development of thermal shock resistant low dielectric sample holder material for application in plasma environment. The centre
has developed spray freeze drying technique to produce different size ready to press (RTP) granules consisting of submicron and
nano size ceramic powders. In addition, the centre has successfully developed the technologies for range of products such as
reaction bonded and pressureless sintered silicon carbide for mechanical seals, wear resistant parts etc.

Overall, several non-oxide ceramics have been processed for a range of applications through state-of-the-art facilities and
expertise developed over the years realising various finished components and technologies.

Spray-Freeze-Drying Unit SiC light weighted sintered substrate with complex geometries

Si3N4 Based Substrate Holder


Bhaskar Prasad Saha Roy Johnson
saha@arci.res.in royjohnson@arci.res.in

65
Research and Technology Highlights

Effect of Porosity on Di-electric Properties of β-SiAlON Ceramics

Bhaskar Prasad Saha bpsaha@arci.res.in

Ȼ4J"M0/ $FSBNJDT EFSJWFE GSPN QBSFOU 4J3N4 structure JO UIF SBOHF PG  XU  XFSF QSFQBSFE CZ GSFF[F ESZJOH
FYIJCJU FYDFMMFOU DPNCJOBUJPO PG NFDIBOJDBM  UIFSNBM BOE technique to produce easily friable granules with uniformly
dielectric properties due to their inherent crystallography distributed additives and pores. Freeze granulated samples
BOEFOHJOFFSFENJDSPTUSVDUVSF5IFTIPSUFSBOETUSPOH"M0 were compacted at 80 MPa pressure followed by pressureless
bond length formed by substituting Si and N with Al and O sintering at temperature ranging from 1650 to 17500C in
in a tetrahedrally coordinated AlO4 arrangement and the nitrogen atmosphere. XRD pattern as shown in Fig.1 confirms
SFGSBDUPSZ JOUFS HSBOVMBS HMBTT NBUSJY XJUI IJHI BTQFDU SBUJP UIF QSFTFODF PG  BMVNJOVN TJMJDPO PYJEF OJUSJEF IFYBHPOBM
IFYBHPOBM FMPOHBUFE TIBQFE HSBJOT NBLF Ȼ4J"M0/ IBSEFS Si4Al2O2N6 Ȼ4J"M0/
DSZTUBMTUSVDUVSFBTJOEJDBUFECZEPUUFE
and tougher than the parent Si3N4 material. Moreover, the lines along with additional peaks of yttrium aluminum silicon
MPX WBQPVS QSFTTVSF PG Ȼ4J"M0/ SFTUSJDUT JU UP EFDPNQPTF PYJEF OJUSJEF :4J0.5Al0.5O0.5N2.5) and yttrium silicon nitride
at high temperature and makes it a material of choice for (Y2Si3N6) phases indicated by arrow head and solid lines
high temperature applications like cutting tool, chemically SFTQFDUJWFMZ&MPOHBUFEBOEFRVJBYFENJYFEHSBJONPSQIPMPHZ
stable thermal shock resistance crucibles etc. In addition, was seen in sintered samples with or without addition of
due to its low specific density, low dielectric properties, starch. In case of Y2O3 and Nb2O5 containing composites,
outstanding weather compatibility such as thermal, erosion it was observed that Y2O3 containing composites show
BOE PYJEBUJPO SFTJTUBODF DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT  Ȼ4J"M0/ JT BMTP elongated grains whereas the grain morphology changes
DPOTJEFSFEBTBXBWFUSBOTNJUUJOHNBUFSJBMT)PXFWFS UIFSF UP  FRVJBYFE JO DBTF PG   /C2O5 containing composites.
is a need to reduce the dielectric constant of the material and "NJYFEHSBJONPSQIPMPHZXBTPCTFSWFEGPSCPUI:2O3 and
improvement of fracture strength for the aforementioned Nb2O5 containing composites as shown in Fig. 2. The lattice
applications. The introduction of controlled uniformly TQBDJOH PG  ON GPS IFYBHPOBM 4J4Al2O2N6 Ȼ4J"M0/

EJTUSJCVUFEQPSFTUPUIFȻ4J"M0/DFSBNJDTIFMQTJOSFEVDJOH also matched with the values reported in the literature. The
the dielectric constant without much sacrifice of mechanical porosity level in sintered samples increased from 0 to ~22%
strength. Also, the fracture toughness of the composites can with the increase of starch content from 0 to 10 wt%. The
be enhanced by refining the microstructure which is possible hardness of the samples was found to decrease from ~1700
by the incorporation of additives which form solid solution Hv to 422 Hv but the dielectric constant was found to reduce
XJUIUIFIPTUMBUUJDFJOUIFNBUSJY from 7.5 to 5.5 as shown in Table. 3.

The present study is carried out to investigate the effect From the above results, it can be concluded that the use of
of addition of different additives and pore former on the appropriate additives in SiAlON ceramic could change the
NJDSPTUSVDUVSF BOE UIF QSPQFSUJFT PG Ȼ4J"M0/ Ȼ4J"M0/ microstructure significantly and also provide the guidelines
DPNQPTJUFT XJUI BEEJUJPO PG ZUUSJVN PYJEF :2O3) and for optimization of electrical, thermal and mechanical
OJPCJVNPYJEF /C2O5
JOUIFSBOHFPGXUBOETUBSDI properties for various applications.

Table 1 Properties of porous SiAlONs with different wt.% starch as the pore former and
sintered at 17000C

Starch Sintered Vickers Hardness Dielectric constant


(wt. %) Density (HV) at 2.0 kg load at 15.0 GHz
0 99.85% 20.7±1.5 7.88
1.0 97.9% 13.39±89.5 7.62
2.5 96.5% 11.94±62.8 7.37
5.0 93.6% 10.58±62.8 6.75
10 .0 78.1% 4.22±277 5.25

Fig. 1 XRD pattern of different porosity SiAlONs by variation of starch as the pore template: Fig.2 Microstructures of SiAlONs (a) 6% Y2O3 (b) 3% Y2O3-3% Nb2O5 (c) 6% Nb2O5
(a) 0, (b) 1.0, (c) 2.5, (d) 5.0 and (e) 10.0 wt.% containing composites

Contributor: K Madhav Reddy

66
Research and Technology Highlights

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SiC Ceramics


Consolidated by Al Vapour Infiltration

Dulal Chandra Jana janad@arci.res.in

Silicon carbide (SiC) based ceramics are desired for several BOBMZTJT "MXUBUBOE˜NEFQUIJTBOE 
applications including structural parts because of their respectively).
superior mechanical and thermal properties, resistance to
PYJEBUJPO BOE DIFNJDBM BUUBDL FUD /PSNBMMZ  4J$ QBSUT BSF 'JH  TIPXT UIF DIBOHFT JO 7JDLFST IBSEOFTT )7
 BOE
manufactured by pressureless sintering of powder compacts indentation fracture toughness (KIC) with increase in
JOUIFQSFTFODF#BOE$BTUIFTPMJETUBUFTJOUFSJOHBEEJUJWFT TQFDJNFO EFQUI *U DBO CF PCTFSWFE UIBU )7 EFDSFBTFT
above 2100°C or by using Y2O3/Al2O3 BT UIF MJRVJEQIBTF with depth along with increase in fracture toughness. The
sintering additive at about 2000°C or by various reaction TJHOJGJDBOUMZMPX)7CFZPOE_ɅNEFQUIJTEVFUPUIF
sintering techniques. However, the low fracture toughness presence of pores that also led to difficulty in measuring
of monolithic SiC is the major disadvantage for structural the KIC by indentation method. The increase of fracture
BQQMJDBUJPOT &YUFOTJWF TUVEJFT IBWF CFFO SFQPSUFE GPS toughness up to ~ 700 μm depth could be attributed to
improvement in the fracture toughness to enhance the the increase in secondary phase which is in agreement
SFMJBCJMJUZ PG 4J$ DFSBNJD JO IJHIUFDI BQQMJDBUJPOT FH with the microstructural features as shown in Fig. 1.
aerospace, casting industry etc. Present study reports the 5IFSFGPSF  UIF 4J$ CPEJFT XJUI 4J$:2O3 consolidated
preparation of reaction sintered SiC with relative density by Al vapour infiltration enhance the fracture toughness
(RD) higher than 96 % through infiltration of Al vapour into VQUPUIF_˜NJOGJMUSBUJPOEFQUI%FUBJMTTUVEJFTPO"M
the SiC compacts with 6 wt.% Y2O3 as an additive. The effects rich secondary phase formation in SiC consolidation that
of specimen thickness on Al infiltration, microstructure and enhanced the fracture toughness of SiC are in progress.
mechanical properties are discussed.
(a) 3.0 wt.% Al (b) 5.5 wt.% Al (c)
Aqueous slurries of SiC powder with 6 wt. % Y2O3 additive
BSFQSFQBSFECZXFUNJMMJOHJOBIJHIFOFSHZQMBOFUBSZCBMM
mill and the slurry thus prepared is dried and granulated. Secondary
phase Porosity
(SFFOTQFDJNFOT BQQSPYJNBUFMZEJNFOTJPOT¨¨
3 mm) are prepared by dry pressing of granulated powder
in a steel die at 80 MPa followed by heating the samples at
2000°C for 1h in argon atmosphere by holding over Al2O3/C
XJUIXFJHIUSBUJP
QPXEFSCFEXJUIUIFIFMQPGHSBQIJUF
supports. Sintered specimens are evaluated with respect to
20 Pm 20 Pm 20 Pm
their density, microstructure and mechanical properties.
Fig. 1 SEM micrographs on polished surface of Al infiltrated SiC at different depth
SiC specimens consolidated at 20000C by holding over (a) 100 μm (b) 600 μm and (c) 1000 μm
Al2O3/C powder bed show 3.10 g/cm3 density (96.6% RD)
compared to the 2.31 g/cm2 (~ 72 % RD) in SiC with 6 wt.%
Y2O3 separately heat treated at 20000C. It is proposed that the
Al vapour as produced by the following reaction enhanced
the densification of Y2O3 containing SiC compacts.

Al2O3 + 3C o Al + 3CO ............ (1)

1PMJTIFE TVSGBDF 4&. NJDSPHSBQIT PG EFOTJöFE 4J$ BU


different depths are shown in Fig. 1 which reveals graded
porosity and secondary phase. The higher porosity at
TQFDJNFO EFQUI  ˜N <'JH  D
> GPMMPXFE CZ UIF
TQFDJNFOEFQUI_˜N<'JH C
BOE B
>DPVMECFEVF
to the progressive densification of SiC as the distance
for Al diffusion is increased. It is also observed from the
comparison of Fig. 1 (a) and Fig.1 (b) that the proportion
PG TFDPOEBSZ QIBTF JODSFBTFT XJUI EFQUI VQ UP _  ˜N Fig. 2 Variation of Vickers’ hardness and fracture toughness with depth in SiC specimen
XIJDI JT DPOTJTUFOU XJUI "M XU BT PCTFSWFE GSPN &%9 consolidated by Al vapour infiltration

Contributor: S V Amrut Raj

67
Research and Technology Highlights

Development of Thin SiC Composite Tube for Nuclear


Applications

M Ilaiyaraja ilaiyaraja@arci.res.in

Material scientists are in continuous search for a then characterized for thermal and mechanical properties
suitable replacement of commonly used zircaloy based along with the coupons and the results are shown
OVDMFBS GVFMSPE DMBEEJOH UP BWPJE UIF TVEEFO CVJMU VQ in Table 1. It is evident from the table that the thermal
of accidental hydrogen gas in case hot steam coming conductivity values at different temperatures for 2.5%
into contact with overheated nuclear fuel rods. SiC CNF containing composites are higher than the values
and its composites are considered to be a promising of monolithic SiC and 5% CNF containing composites as
material for nuclear fuel cladding applications due to SFQPSUFEJOUIFMJUFSBUVSF'VSUIFSUIFUIFSNBMFYQBOTJPO
their low induced radioactivity & quick decay of activity, values along with other mechanical properties revel that
HPPE SFTJTUBODF UP IJHIFOFSHZ OFVUSPO JSSBEJBUJPO  2.5% CNF containing SiC tube can be a candidate material
FYDFMMFOU IJHIUFNQFSBUVSF NFDIBOJDBM  UIFSNBM BOE for nuclear application. However, further research is
corrosion resistance properties. Hence, a project has ongoing at CNOC to improve the properties of SiC tubes
been initiated at ARCI, to develop SiC composite based by incorporating various secondary phases like carbon
thin tubes for nuclear applications. SiC based composite nano tube (CNTs), silicon carbide fibre (SiCf ) etc., in SiC
powders with different percentage of carbon nano fibers NBUSJY
$/'
 XFSF QSPEVDFE %JTQFSTJPO PG GJCSFT JO 4J$ NBUSJY
was a challenging task which was accomplished by Table 1 Properties of SiC - 2.5 % CNF composite
surface treatment of fibres with suitable surfactant in a
high energy ultra probe sonicator. Dispersed SiC/CNF Properties Monolithic SiC SiC/CNF Composite

DPNQPTJUFQPXEFSTXJUI$/'DPOUFOUSBOHJOHGSPN Density (g/cc) 3.15 3.14


wt % were freeze granulated to get homogenized free Hardness (GPa) 27.81/500g 25.26/500g
flowing spherical powder as shown in figure 1. Green Indentation Fracture Toughness
QBMMFUT XJUI 99 NN EJNFOTJPOT XFSF VOJBYJBMMZ 3.75 4.3
(MPam1/2)
pressed at 80 MPa using a die steel mould and subjected
Thermal conductivity (W/m/K) 30/1000oC 79/1000oC
to sintering at various sintering parameters. The best -6
Coeff. Thermal expansion(10
density (98.5% theoretical) was obtained at 2150oC when 4.8/1000oC 5.4/1000oC
K-1)
the composites containing 2.5% CNF were sintered
in argon atmosphere for 1 hr. Based on the optimized
density value, 2.5% CNF containing composite powder
was selected for further processing of thin tubes by cold
isostatic pressing at same pressure applied for the coupons
followed by sintering. Warpage free thin tubes of around
500 mm length, 30 mm dia and wall thickness less than 1
mm were produced. These tubes as shown in Fig. 2 were

Fig.1 Freeze granules of SiC/CNF composite Fig. 2 Sintered SiC - 2.5 % CNF composite thin tubes for nuclear applications

Contributors: Bhaskar Prasad Saha and Shaik Mubina

68
Centre for Carbon Materials

T he Centre for Carbon Materials (CCM) mainly focuses on bulk production of worm-like exfoliated graphite for developing
various valued added products such as seals, flexible graphite sheets, specialized reinforced seals and reinforced automobile
gasket sheets and bi-polar plates for fuel cell applications using the exfoliated graphite.

The Centre is also working on the development of carbon nanotubes especially for the precise controlled growth of aligned
carbon nanotube forest for field emission applications. Other target aplications cover defence, aerospace, electronics and
structural applications. Scalable preparation of graphene nano platelets, which can be used as additive in nano lubrication,
supercapacitors, batteries and structural composites, nano carbon-enabled hybrids for supercapacitor, metal-ion batteries and
gas sensing applications is also being pursued by the Centre. Scalable synthetic approaches to produce graphene in large quantity
are in progress keeping its wide range of applications in lubricating storage devices, catalysts etc.

A few initiatives that were taken by the Centre during the year are development of carbon based nanoelectrode for metal-ion
batteries and nano lubrication using graphene as additive in oil.

Vertically Aligned Carbon nanotubes and CNT based electrodes for supercapacitor

Carbon sphere-nickel rich cobaltite nano-composite electrode materials for supercapacitor applications

Nickel cobaltite C-Sphere-Nickel Cobaltite composite

P K Jain T Narasinga Rao


pkjain@arci.res.in tata@arci.res.in

69
Research and Technology Highlights

Few-layer Graphene Based Nanolubricant Additive for Friction


and Wear Reduction

P K Jain pkjain@arci.res.in

%VF UP GSJDUJPOT BEWFSTF FòFDU PO FóDJFODZ BOE XFBS friction (COF) also saw a drastic fall from 0.44 to ~0.088 in
related mechanical failures, the search for novel material DBTFTPGQVSFCBTFPJMBOEOBOPMVCSJDBOU5IFMPXFTUWBMVF
XJUI FYDFQUJPOBM USJCPMPHJDBM QSPQFSUJFT HBJOFE JODSFBTFE of COF is noticed when the FLG concentration is 1000
attention. The most evident loss is due to friction. The ppm, about 60 % less as compared to base oil. The wear
TFBSDI GPS CFUUFS MVCSJDBOUT CPUI JO UFSNT PG FóDJFODZ characteristics of the nanolubricant are shown in figure 3.
and environmental aspects has led to testing of various
materials as lubricant additives. Metal composites of Depending on various parameters like sliding speed/
various combinations seemed a good alternative but the rotational speed and other operating conditions, the
desire for better material kept the search going on. Though lubricant can effectively separate the contacting surfaces
nano additives of various metals were reported to give BOE UIFSFCZ SFEVDFUIFEJSFDUNFUBMUPNFUBMDPOUBDUBOE
positive results, carbon nano materials are being constantly thus wear and friction. The FLG additive forms a protective
FYQMPSFE GPS UIFJS JOIFSFOU NFDIBOJDBM BOE UIFSNBM lubrication film to provide additional safety. The small
QSPQFSUJFT (SBQIJUF EVF UP JUT TFMGMVCSJDBUJOH QSPQFSUZ amount of FLG contributes to reasonably low friction and
attracted a lot of interest for such array of applications. wear.
Separation of graphene from graphite led to new horizon
in field of lubrication and tribology too. (a) (b)

Graphene as a nanoadditive in lubricant oils theoretically


improves its lubricating properties and thermal properties
as well. Graphene with its various forms (monolayer, few
MBZFSTBOENVMUJMBZFS
JTBQPUFOUJBMSFQMBDFNFOUPGNVMUJQMF
additives being used in present date. The transition from
DPOWFOUJPOBMBEEJUJWFTUPDBSCPOOBOPBEEJUJWFTXJMMMFBE Fig. 1 SEM (a) and TEM (b) of FLG
UPBCJHMFBQUPXBSETBOFóDJFOUMVCSJDBOU

'FX MBZFS HSBQIFOF '-(


 XBT QSFQBSFE CZ PYJEBUJWF
chemical treatment of natural graphite flakes followed
CZ SBQJE FYGPMJBUJPO &YGPMJBUJPO PG JOUFSDBMBUFE øBLFT XBT
performed in a microwave irradiation with optimized
QPXFS XBUUBHF 5IF FYGPMJBUFE HSBQIJUF XBT GSBHNFOUFE
into FLG via high energy ultrasonic fragmentation.
5SBOTNJTTJPOFMFDUSPONJDSPHSBQI 5&.
SFWFBMFEUIBUUIF
NBKPSJUZPG'-(DPOTJTUTPGMBZFST5IFNPSQIPMPHZBOE
Fig. 2 Ball on disc tribometer test set-up
microstructure of FLG are depicted in figure 1a and figure
1b, respectively. Nanolubricant was prepared by adding
'-( BOE 8 NVMUJHSBEF PJM BT BEEJUJWF BOE CBTF PJM 
respectively.

The significant increase in viscosity with addition of FLG


was noticed. Base oil, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 3000 ppm
showed viscosity of 0.1, 1.7, 1.75 and 1.8 poise, respectively.
The phenomenon of shear thinning is observed due to
which the viscosity is reduced with the increase in shear
rate.

The friction and wear reduction properties of nanolubricant


XFSFQFSGPSNFEPOBCBMMPOEJTDUSJCPNFUFSBTTIPXOJO
Figure 2. Initial tests were performed with a load of 100 N
at a constant speed of 50 rpm for 1800 seconds. The test
material used for ball and disc was ASTM 52100 steel in
BDDPSEBODF XJUI "45. ( TUBOEBSET5IF DPFóDJFOU PG Fig. 3 Wear characteristics of nanolubricant

Contributors: Balaji Padya and N Ravikiran

70
Research and Technology Highlights

Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Based Chemiresistive Sensor for Volatile


Organic Vapor Detection

Balaji Padya balaji@arci.res.in

The need for intensive research in area of chemiresistors 5IFHBT &UIBOPMBOE"DFUPOF7BQPS


TFOTJOHQSPQFSUJFT
VTFEJOHBTTFOTJOHJTSJTJOHEVFUPUIFEFNBOEGPSDPTU were measured by DC electrical resistance at room
effective, fast response and sensitive sensors which are temperatures at various organic vapor concentrations
vital in detecting hazardous and harmful gases such as shown in the Figure 1. The sensing characteristics of
as green house gases, organic vapor and other gases the chemiresistors were observed from the changing of
produced by combustion of fossil fuels, power plants and resistance in air and organic vapor with variable vapor
automobiles etc. For such needs, nanotechnology serves concentrations at room temperature. The response
as a building block, as nanomaterials have very high and recovery as a function of time were monitored and
aspect ratio which is favorable for adsorption of gaseous recorded. The response and recovery time is defined as
molecules over these materials. Also their size makes it the time for the sensor to reach 90% of its total change
possible for a small and compact design of sensor which in resistance.
XPVMECFPGVUJMJUZJONJDSPFMFDUSPNFDIBOJDBMTZTUFNT
5IF FMFDUSPOJD QSPQFSUJFT BSF FYUSFNFMZ TFOTJUJWF UP UIF
.VMUJXBMMFE DBSCPO OBOPUVCFT .8$/5
 IBWF IVHF FYQPTFE PSHBOJD WBQPS BETPSQUJPO 5IVT  UIF TJHOJGJDBOU
TQFDJGJD TVSGBDF BSFB BOE % UVCVMBS OBOPTUSVDUVSF change in density of states of the material causes
which are having large number of reactive sites at which variation in resistance and thermopower either donating
gases can easily react. Particularly, the advent of carbon or withdrawing electrons from the hybrid.
nanotubes has fuelled the inventions of gas sensors that
FYQMPJU .8$/5Th VOJRVF HFPNFUSZ  NPSQIPMPHZ  BOE 5IF TUSPOH SFMBUJWF SFTJTUBODF DIBOHF PG NFUBM PYJEF
material properties. The electrical conductivity of MWCNT nanocrystal to low concentration level of organic
is much higher in comparison with the conductivity of volatile vapor, energetically favorable electron transport
NFUBM PYJEFT 5IFSFGPSF  .8$/5T QUZQF
 SFEVDF UIF BU .8$/5NFUBM PYJEF KVODUJPO PS JOUFSGBDF  TUSPOH
SFTJTUBODF PG UIF TFOTJOH NFUBM PYJEF OUZQF
 NBUFSJBM electrical current modulation potential due to ballistic
'PSNBUJPO PG OBOPDIBOOFM  QO PS IFUFSPKVODUJPOOT transport of electrons through the MWCNT are the major
leads to enhanced gas sensitivity of such hybridized gas contributors to the high sensitivity characteristics.
sensors as the decrease in work function or increase in
DPOEVDUJWJUZ PG UIF NFUBM PYJEF TFOTJUJWF MBZFS MFBET UP MWCNT hybrid based sensors demonstrated huge
the improvement in performance of gas sensor at low potential and find applications in various areas.
operating temperature.
Table 1 Sensing characteristics
5IF .8$/5Th HSPXO CZ DIFNJDBM WBQPS EFQPTJUJPO
XFSF GVODUJPOBMJ[FE XJUI PYJEBUJWF SFBHFOUT UP DSFBUF S.No Organic Sensitivity Response Time Recovery Time
Vapor (%) (s) (s)
SFBDUJWF TJUFT UP BODIPS NFUBM PYJEF OBOPDSZTUBMT ;O0
1 Ethanol 14.6 55.5 46
nanocrystals uniformly anchored nanocomposites were
TZOUIFTJ[FECZGBDJMFPOFQPUTPMWPUIFSNBMNFUIPE 2 Acetone 10.34 57.5 62

Fig. 1 Sensitivity measurement set-up Fig. 2 Sensitivity characteristics Fig. 3 I-V characteristics of chemiresistor

Contributors: M Harshit and P K Jain

71
Centre for Sol-gel Coatings

C entre for Sol-Gel Coatings has been working with industrial partners for commercialization of the sol-based nanocomposite
coatings for a wide variety of applications on different substrates. The most distinct advantage when used on metals/alloys is
that a direct-to-metal coating is possible thus obviating the need for use of any primers or adhesion promoters. This aspect has been
the driving force to focus on development of functional coatings on metals/alloys, especially for corrosion protection and decoration.

The Centre focussed on the following applications during the past year:
1. Chrome-free, self-healing, corrosion protection coatings on aluminum and its alloys for automotive applications
2. Hard coatings on plastics
3. Ultra hydrophobic coatings on stainless steel through a combination of shot-peening, laser texturing and sol-gel coatings cured
by LED radiation
4. Eco-friendly, halogen-free flame retardant coatings on textiles

The development on hexavalent chrome-free, self-healing coatings on aluminum and magnesium alloys using organic/inorganic
encapsulation materials like polymeric microcapsules, and layered materials for containing the corrosion inhibitor is ongoing.
Halloysite clay nanotubes are seen to be promising for use as nanocontainers to encapsulate corrosion inhibitors to generate self-
healing materials. Such self-healing materials may be used in conjunction with hybrid sol-gel matrices or with paints, to improve their
corrosion protection property and provide prolonged corrosion protection. Further work is underway to demonstrate the scale-up
feasibility of such coatings.

Protective scratch resistant coatings on transparent plastics, which have been developed are planned to be demonstrated on
components such as retroreflective road marker lenses for increasing their life during service (civilian sector).

Durable ultra hydrophobic surfaces could be generated using a combination of laser texturing and sol-gel coatings, which could be
used as antibacterial surfaces for biomedical applications. Antibacterial tests and weathering resistance were investigated on a larger
batch of samples and were found to be promising. Further investigations are underway to improve the mechanical and antibacterial
properties of such surfaces by introducing ecofriendly antibacterial agents.

New initiatives were taken to investigate the applicability of LED initiated curing of hybrid nanocomposite coatings. LED initiated
curing saves time and is environment friendly when compared to the curing initiated using UV radiation generated from mercury
lamps. Preliminary results have been quite promising.

With respect to in-house developed flame retardant coating formulation, batch consistency is currently being evaluated. Formulation
has also been sent to user for application onto fabrics and flame testing.

Polymeric microcapsules for capping the ends of inhibitor loaded clay nanotubes to form self healing material
R Subasri Roy Johnson
subasri@arci.res.in royjohnson@arci.res.in

72
Research and Technology Highlights

Investigations on Applicability of LED for Fast Curing of Sol-gel


Hybrid Nanocomposite Coatings

R Subasri subasri@arci.res.in

Radiation curing using ultraviolet light is commonly used for


MPXUFNQFSBUVSFDVSJOHPGPSHBOJDJOPSHBOJDIZCSJETPMHFM
nanocomposite coatings on temperature sensitive substrates
like transparent plastics or metal/alloy substrates, which do
OPUXJUITUBOEIJHIUFNQFSBUVSFIFBUUSFBUNFOUT67DVSJOH
is a photochemical process in which the active functional
HSPVQTHFUQPMZNFSJ[FEXIFOUIFZBSFFYQPTFEUPVMUSBWJPMFU
radiation as shown in Fig. 1. The polymerization is initiated
CZBEEJOHBQIPUPJOJUJBUPSUIBUDBOBCTPSCUIF67SBEJBUJPO
emitted by the lamp source. Conventionally, mercury lamps
BSFVTFEBTBTPVSDFGPSUIF67SBEJBUJPO)PXFWFS UIFTFBSF
not very safe for the operators and moreover, require longer
UJNFGPSTUBCJMJ[BUJPOPG67MBNQTUPZJFMEVOJGPSNJOUFOTJUJFT
Recently, there has been an increased interest in the use of
-&%GPSDVSJOHQPMZNFSJDPSHBOJDJOPSHBOJDIZCSJEDPBUJOHT  Fig. 1 UV radiation initiated network formation in organic-inorganic hybrid systems
EVFUPUIFEJTUJODUBEWBOUBHFTPGVTFPG-&%SBEJBUJPO-&%
DVSJOHIBTCFFOSFQPSUFEUPCFGBTU FOFSHZFóDJFOUBOETBGF
GPSUIFPQFSBUPST TJODFJUEPFTOPUFYQPTFUIFNUPNFSDVSZ
Delivery of a specific dose or intensity is easily achieved.
With response times in the range of milliseconds, the lamp is
typically turned off when energy is not needed resulting in
power savings and reduced stray light. Due to these factors,
-&%DVSJOHUFDIOPMPHZGPSDPNQBUJCMFDPBUJOHTJTFYQFDUFE
to be promising to greatly reduce the environmental impact
and carbon footprint on a variety of coating processes,
without compromising on coating performance.

With this background, investigations were carried out


UP EFUFSNJOF UIF GFBTJCJMJUZ PG -&% DVSJOH GPS IZCSJE
nanocomposite hydrophobic coatings on glass substrates.
Optimum parameters were determined with respect to the
Fig. 2 Intensity of radiation (mJ/cm2) in UV-V region (395-445 nm) of LED curing system,
-&% MBNQ BSSBZ UP TBNQMF EJTUBODF BOE UJNF PG FYQPTVSF 
as a function of the distance between the UV lamp and the sample
using a radiometer, as shown in Fig. 2. The performance of
PSHBOJDJOPSHBOJDIZCSJETJMJDBCBTFEIZESPQIPCJDDPBUJOHT
DVSFEVTJOH B
SBEJBUJPOHFOFSBUFEVTJOH-&%MBNQTFNJUUJOH
BU  ON C
 SBEJBUJPO HFOFSBUFE VTJOH NFSDVSZ MBNQT
D
 -&% JO DPOKVODUJPO XJUI UIFSNBM DVSJOH GPS TIPSU UJNF
and (d) only thermal curing for long time, were compared
by studying the scratch resistance of the hydrophobic
coatings. All samples had an initial water contact angle
of 106 ± 3 degrees. Water contact angles were measured
after subjecting the different cured samples to crockmeter
(scratch) tests for 500 cycles. Results obtained as shown in
'JHTIPXTUIBUUIF-&%DVSFETBNQMFTJODPOKVODUJPOXJUI
thermal curing for short durations perform at par with the
UIFSNBMDVSFETBNQMF)PXFWFS POMZ-&%DVSJOHNBZOPU
CFBEWJTBCMF TJODFTBNQMFTEPOPUQPTTFTTTVóDJFOUTDSBUDI
resistance. The present studies give very useful insights into
UIF BQQMJDBCJMJUZ PG VTJOH -&% GPS GBTU BOE FOWJSPONFOUBM Fig. 3 Change in water contact angle (WCA) after 500 cycles of crockmeter testing as
friendly method of curing hybrid nanocomposite coatings. function of curing time

Contributors: Nishi Thangaraj and V Uma

73
Research and Technology Highlights

Synthesis of Silica Sol with Improved Stability and Durability for


Anti-Reflection Thin Film Coatings

K Murugan murugan@arci.res.in

4PMHFM UFDIOJRVF IBT CFFO SFDPHOJ[FE BT B DPTUFòFDUJWF cylinder rheometer. The shear rate was measured in the range
method for the fabrication of optical thin films coatings in between 900 s−1 and 1100 s−1 at ambient (app 28.8 ± 0.1qC)
comparison to other physical and chemical vapor deposition UFNQFSBUVSF  5IF WJTDPTJUZ BOE UIF DPOTJTUFODZ JOEFY XFSF
UFDIOJRVFT 5IF TPMHFM UFDIOJRVF IBT TFWFSBM BEWBOUBHFT estimated using the well accepted power law fitting. In order
such as, the wide possibility of engineering the film properties, to understand the constancy in the functional properties the,
SFMBUJWFMZTJNQMFDPBUJOHQSPDFTT MBSHFBSFBDPBUJOHT BOEMPX DPBUJOH UIJDLOFTT  SFGSBDUJWF JOEFY BOE PQUJDBM USBOTNJUUBODF
equipment costs. However, the stability and shelf life of the sol is XFSF TUVEJFE VTJOH FMMJQTPNFUFS BOE 67 WJTJCMF BCTPSQUJPO
POFPGUIFNBKPSMJNJUBUJPOBTTPDJBUFEXJUIUIFTPMHFMQSPDFTT spectrophotometer. Fig. 1 shows the flow behavior of SiO2 sol
This necessitates the consumption of synthesized solutions EBZPOFBOEBGUFSBHJOHGPSEBZT5IFDPFóDJFOUPGWJTDPTJUZ
within the shelf life to obtain specific functional properties for of the fresh sol has been estimated as 3.3 cP, which upon aging
the application following optimized processing parameters. the sol viscosity has come down to 3.0 cP. However, consistency
Otherwise, the solutions containing precursors need to be JOEFYJODSFBTFEGSPNUPJOEJDBUJOHUIFTIFBSUIJDLFOJOH
discarded or subjected to cumbersome recycling processes. CFIBWJPS"OJODSFBTFJOUIFDPOTJTUFODZJOEFYJTBOJOEJDBUJPO
Several attempts are in progress to address this major concern of the increases in the packing fraction of the particles. To
JOUIFCVMLQSPEVDUJPOBOETUPSBHFPGNBKPSJUZPGNFUBMPYJEF understand the consistency in the functional properties of
BTXFMMBTPSHBOJDJOPSHBOJDIZCSJETPMTZOUIFTJTGPSGVODUJPOBM the SiO2 thin film, the peak and average transmittance of the
coatings. DPBUFE CPSPTJMJDBUF HMBTT IBT CFFO TVCKFDUFE UP 67WJTJCMF
USBOTNJUUBODFTUVEJFT'JHTIPXTUIF67WJTJCMFUSBOTNJUUBODF
Stability and hence the durability issues of the synthesized TQFDUSVN PG UIF UIJO öMN QSFQBSFE VTJOH OFX BOE ZFBSPME
sol arise mainly due to the chemical interaction between the sol under identical processing conditions such as withdrawal
formulations and due to solvent evaporation over a period. speed and firing temperature (4 mm/s and 450oC). It has been
)ZESPMZTJT BOE QPMZDPOEFOTBUJPO BSF UIF CBTJD SFBDUJPOT observed that the transmission values are very close with a
responsible for the loss of stability. These reactions will be marginal increase of average transmittance 0.4% in the case
initiated and will progress after the precursor raw materials sol after 321 days. The coating thickness and percentage of
BSFNJYFE5IFQPMZDPOEFOTBUJPOSFBDUJPODPOUJOVFTVOUJMUIF porosity are estimated using ellipsometer data analysis. The
sol became gel. These reactions manifest with the increase in physical and optical properties of the sols and the thin film are
the viscosity, concentration and stability of solution. It is very summarized in the Table 1.
EJóDVMUUPHFUEFTJSFEPQUJDBMPSGVODUJPOBMQSPQFSUJFTXJUITVDI
an active system. Therefore, the stability of solution is important
and must be constant for a significant period. Currently, the Table 1 Coating thickness and percentage of porosity estimated
above reaction kinetics and solvent evaporation can have been Aging Viscosity Consistency R2 Thickness Porosity Avg. T
minimized by storing the sol under low temperature. time in (cp) index (nm) (%) (%)
(Days)
/POIZESPMZUJD4J02 precursor solution was prepared by using 1 3.3 1.5 0.9728 130.2 15.2 96.4
PQUJNJ[FE SBUJP PG PSHBOPTJMBOF QSFDVSTPST 5IF TZOUIFTJ[FE
321 3.0 1.8 0.9775 135.9 15.9 96.8
sol was subjected to rheological studies using rotating

Fig. 1 Flow behavior of SiO2 sol Fig. 2 UV visible transmittance spectrum of the thin film

Contributor: Sisira S Suresh

74
Research and Technology Highlights

Effect of Heat Treatment Conditions on Hardness and Corrosion


Resistance of Nano Composite Sol-gel Coatings

K R C Soma Raju somarajuk@arci.res.in

Aluminum and its alloys are most widely used due to hardness of 0.138 GPa and an enhancement till 0.348
their low density, good machinability, formability and GPa when heat treated at a higher temperature. Average
amenability to heat treat for high strength. But Aluminum modulus followed the same trend. These results were
alloys are prone to corrosion and hence require protection further substantiated by the scratch test results where
against aggressive environments. Anodizing and chrome onset of fracture strength details is presented in Table
conversion coatings are some of the commonly used 1. The coated specimens cured at higher temperature
methods for imparting corrosion resistance to the FYIJCJUFEFOIBODFETDSBUDISFTJTUBODFBTDPNQBSFEUPUIF
substrate, while thermal spray coatings and paints are samples cured at lower temperatures.
some of the most promising barrier coatings that are
BMTP SPVUJOFMZ VTFE GPS UIJT QVSQPTF )FYBWBMFOU DISPNF Two numbers each of the coated samples cured at different
DPOWFSTJPODPBUJOHJTDBSDJOPHFOJDUIFSNBMTQSBZDPBUJOHT heat treatment conditions along with uncoated substrate
are suitable for wear parts and organic paints are prone to were subjected to salt fog test as per ASTM B117. Fig.1
TDSBUDIFTBOEBCSBTJPO4PMHFMOBOPDPNQPTJUFDPBUJOHJT TIPXT UIF DPOEJUJPO PG VODPBUFE BOE TPMHFM DPBUFE
one of the promising alternative coating techniques that TQFDJNFOT BGUFS  IST BOE  IST FYQPTVSF UP TBMU
has the advantages of being eco friendly, low temperature GPH  "MM DPBUFE TQFDJNFOT FYIJCJUFE TVQFSJPS DPSSPTJPO
curable, scratch resistant and improve adhesion of primers resistance when compared to bare 2024 substrates after
when applied prior to painting. UFTUJOH GPS  IST  JOEJDBUJOH UIF FYDFMMFOU CBSSJFS FòFDU
of the coating. Coatings that were cured at 200oC show
(FOFSBMMZ  TPMHFM DPBUJOHT BDU BT CBSSJFS MBZFST UP JNQBSU considerable increase in corrosion protection when
corrosion resistance but their hardness and degree of compared to the substrates cured at 80oC and 150oC. The
protection vary depending on the process parameters FYQPTVSFUJNFXBTGVSUIFSJODSFBTFEUPISTGPSXIJDI
such as curing temperature, atmosphere and soaking a similar trend was observed. It could be concluded that a
time etc. An acid catalyzed nano composite hybrid sol was higher curing temperature enhanced the performance of
TZOUIFTJ[FEVTJOHBNFUBMBMLPYJEFQSFDVSTPSBOEBTFUPG OBOP DPNQPTJUF TPMHFM DPBUJOHT XJUI SFTQFDU UP JOUSJOTJD
organically modified silane precursors for the present work. hardness and corrosion resistance.

w UIJDL wY w TJ[F 5 BMMVNJOJVN BMMPZ TVCTUSBUFT Table 1 Nano hardness and scratch results showing
cleaned with acetone were used as substrate for application onset of fracture strength details
of coatings. All samples were coated with a uniform wet
film thickness of 6.5 Pm using a manual spray coating Property HT@80C HT@150C HT@200C
method and cured at 80, 150 and 200oC for 1hr in an air
Average hardness, GPa 0.138±0.007 0.189±0.006 0.348±0.018
circulating oven for assessing the optimum heat treatment
conditions. Average modulus, GPa 2.60±0.06 3.12±0.05 5.2±0.15

Results presented in Table 1 indicate the hardness of Scratch load, mN 45±3.6 52±2.5 63±1.8

UIF OBOP DPNQPTJUF TPMHFM DPBUJOH NFBTVSFE CZ OBOP Nano hardness of uncoated Al2024T4: 2.2 GPa and modulus: 92.86 GPa
indentation technique. We observed a minimum average

(a) (b)

Fig.1 Condition of bare and coated samples cured at 80, 150 and 200oC respectively after (a) 168 hr and (b) 400 hr of salt spray testing in 1st and 2nd rows respectively

Contributors: P Suresh Babu and G Ravichandra

75
Research and Technology Highlights

Colored Organic-Inorganic Coatings with High Scratch Hardness


on Glass

D Sreenivas Reddy dsreddy@arci.res.in

Transition metal doping in glasses during glass melting can be


used to obtain colored glass. However, in the case of colored
glasses obtained by the traditional melting method, the content
of the transition metals in the glass is limited, and usually does
OPU FYDFFE B GFX QFSDFOU *O UIF DBTF PG HMBTTFT PCUBJOFE BU
MPX UFNQFSBUVSFT VTJOH TPMHFM NFUIPE  USBOTJUJPO NFUBM JPO
doping as high as twenty percent or more can be obtained.
5IF TPMHFM NFUIPE FOBCMFT UIJO BOE BEIFSFOU DPBUJOHT PG
USBOTJUJPONFUBMJPOEPQFETPMHFMNBUSJYUPCFEFQPTJUFEPO
glass to give the appearance of colored glass. Such methods
are preferred over colored coatings generated by introducing
PSHBOJDEZFTJOUIFTPMHFMNBUSJY EVFUPUIFCFUUFS67TUBCJMJUZ
and scratch hardness of the former.

In the present investigations, Co2+EPQJOHJOBIZCSJETJMJDBNBUSJY


XBTDBSSJFEPVUCZTPMHFMNFUIPE-JHIUCMVFDPMPSFEDPBUJOHT Fig. 1 Variation of coating thickness with respect to cobalt content
on glass were generated by hydrolysis and polycondensation for single and double layered coatings
of organically modified silanes along with an alcoholic solution
PG DPCBMU BDFUBUF %JòFSFOU NPMFSBUJPT PG $P2+ 4JMBOF XFSF
used to verify the properties of the colored coatings on soda
MJNFHMBTTTVCTUSBUFTPGEJNFOTJPOTYYDN$PBUJOHT
were generated using dip coating method using different
withdrawal speeds and heat treated in air at 450oC for 1 hour.
In some cases, double layer coatings were also generated by
employing the same withdrawal speed. Subsequently, the
coated substrates were characterized for thickness, haze, pencil
scratch hardness and visible light absorbance.

$PBUJOHUIJDLOFTTFTXFSFGPVOEUPCFPGUIFPSEFSPGPm
as shown in Fig. 1. The absorbance spectra of single and double
layered coatings are shown in Fig. 2. The triply split peaks in
the visible wavelength range were observed, that correspond
to the cobalt ion in the tetrahedral coordination with silica. Fig. 2. Visible spectrum of single and double layered colored coatings.
Absorbance was found to increase with the number of layers,
XIJDI JT FYQFDUFE  TJODF UIFSF BSF NPSF DPMPS QSPEVDJOH
species, i.e. Co2+ in the double layered coating.

The haze of the coatings as shown in Fig. 3, was seen to be


systematically increasing with increasing cobalt concentration
and number of layers, when compared to that of the uncoated
substrate. An optimum concentration of ~ 18 mole percent
of Co2+ could be finalized based on the minimum haze values
obtained for the coatings. For optical and architectural
applications, it is desirable to have haze values lower than 2%.
1FODJMTDSBUDIIBSEOFTTPGUIFDPBUJOHTXBTFWBMVBUFEUPCF)
9H and was comparable to that of the bare substrate (8H).

The present investigation showed that thin, colored, scratch


resistant coatings of varying shades, for architectural Fig. 3. Comparison of haze of single and double layered colored coated glass with that of
BQQMJDBUJPOT DBO CF FBTJMZ HFOFSBUFE VTJOH TPMHFM NFUIPE  uncoated glass; inset shows photographs of coated glass of different dimensions
XIJDIJTBMTPBNFOBCMFUPTDBMFVQ 20 cm x 20 cm, 15 cm x 15 cm and 10 cm x 10 cm).

Contributor: R Subasri

76
Centre for Materials Characterization and Testing

T he Centre for Materials Characterization and Testing (CMCT) retains its mandate to

t QSPWJEFTUBUFPGUIFBSUDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOGBDJMJUJFTGPSNBUFSJBMTDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOUPTVQQPSU"3$*TBDUJWJUJFTJOUFDIOPMPHZ
development and transfer
t DBSSZPVUCBTJDSFTFBSDIJOBSFBTPGSFMFWBODFUP"3$*

The core strengths of the Centre are in carrying out comprehensive and hierarchical structure-property studies, and the capability
to address microstructural issues from atomic length scales to bulk. The scientific staff members of the Centre have international
exposure and have been working to incorporate the best practices and the latest developments in materials characterization into
their work.

In recent years, the focus in materials design and development has been shifting towards utilization of the concepts from
nanotechnology. Bulk materials with enhanced properties such as strength often have nanomaterials and/or nanostructures
incorporated into them, which cause the improvement in the properties. The study of these is a challenge and the Centre is evolving
to meet the same. To this end, a new field emission scanning electron microscope with a resolution of 0.6 nm is being procured. This
instrument has an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) unit and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) facility as attachments,
using which microstructural and elemental information can be collected simultaneously. Further, with the existing transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and the small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) units, sub-nanometer feature sizes can be studied. In addition
to using the facilities available in the Centre, members have also carried out experiments at the synchrotron facility in Japan to
solve challenging scientific problems. The images below show in-situ x-ray diffraction data at a relative humidity of 80% and a
temperature of 85°C for different durations of exposure, collected at the synchrotron facility in Japan. Data analysis techniques are
also being developed as needed, thus making the Centre geared up well to characterize advanced materials of the next generation.

Four write-ups from the Centre are included in this Report. One of these deals with the phase stability of organometal halides as
studied in-situ as a function of temperature in the SAXS unit, while the synthesis of CoCrFeNi based multi-component alloy is the
subject matter of another. Results from studies on the erosion behaviour at room temperature and 600°C on nickel matrix and
chromium carbide are presented, as also the electrochemical behaviour of cold sprayed Ni-B4C composite coatings in salt water. It
is hoped that these reports provide a flavour of the current research activities at the Centre.

In-situ x-ray diffraction data on MAPbI3 films as a function of time at the synchrotron facility in Japan. The relative humidity was 80% and the temperature was kept constant at 85°C.
The experiments were conducted to study the stability of the films.

G Ravi Chandra Tata Narasinga Rao


ravi.gundakaram@arci.res.in tata@arci.res.in

77
Research and Technology Highlights

Phase Stability of All-Ambient Processed Organometal Halide


Perovskite by In-situ XRD Studies

K Suresh sureshkopppoju@arci.res.in

Organometal Halide Perovskites (OMHP) have received 5IJT UFNQFSBUVSFEFQFOEBOU JOTJUV 93% JOWFTUJHBUJPO
DPOTJEFSBCMF BUUFOUJPO EVF UP UIFJS FYDFMMFOU MJHIU provides a critical understanding of ambient synthesized
BCTPSQUJPO DPFGGJDJFOU  UVOFBCMF CBOE HBQ  BOE MPX 0.)1T BTEFUBJMFECFMPX J
DSZTUBMTUSVDUVSF UFUSBHPOBM

UFNQFSBUVSF QSPDFTTBCJMJUZ )JHI QPXFSDPOWFSTJPO is same as the material synthesised under controlled
FGGJDJFODJFT 
PCUBJOFEJOTUBUFPGUIFBSUQFSPWTLJUF dry atmosphere (ii) the material is single phase (iii) it
solar cells (PSCs) have enhanced their commercial undergoes a reversible phase transformation at 60oC from
prospects. OMHP materials are usually synthesised in a tetragonal to cubic and (iv) there is improved thermal
controlled dry atmosphere since the material is sensitive stability under protective atmosphere.
UP BNCJFOU NPJTUVSF BOE PYZHFO )FSFJO  XF IBWF
BUUFNQUFEUPTZOUIFTJ[F0.)1JOBMMBNCJFOUDPOEJUJPOT
and have evaluated their photovoltaic performance.
" NBYJNVN QPXFS DPOWFSTJPO FGGJDJFODZ PG   BOE
good operational stability were demonstrated. Such
impressive performance raises the question whether
UIF QIBTF PG BMMBNCJFOU TZOUIFTJTFE 0.)1 JT TJNJMBS
to that of dry atmosphere synthesised OMHP. Standard
OMHP undergoes a structural transition from the room
temperature tetragonal phase to the high temperature
cubic phase at 60o$5IFSFGPSF XFIBWFDPOEVDUFEJOTJUV
9SBZEJGGSBDUJPO 93%
TUVEJFTPOBMMBNCJFOUTZOUIFTJ[FE
OMHP to evaluate their crystalline phase and structural Fig. 1 Mo-SAXS beamline set-up for in-situ XRD measurements
stability.
(a)
0.)1GJMNTXFSFEFQPTJUFEPOHMBTTTVCTUSBUFTCZBUXP
step sequential deposition method. The glass substrate
coated with thin a layer of PbI2 GJMN XBT FYQPTFE UP
methylammonium (MAI) solution. OMHP powder was
collected by scratching the film and laminated with
,BQUPOUBQFUPBWPJEBOZFYQPTVSFUPNPJTUVSF*OTJUV93%
NFBTVSFNFOUTXFSFDBSSJFEVTJOHUIF.P4"94CFBNMJOF
at ARCI which is equipped with a large area 2D detector
BOEUFNQFSBUVSFDFMM UPoC). Measurements were
carried out from RT to 90oC and back to RT in intervals of
10oC with dwell time of 20 minutes.

Fig. 2a shows the temperature dependant XRD patterns of


UIFBMMBNCJFOUTZOUIFTJ[FE0.)1QPXEFS"U35 0.)1
FYIJCJUTUIFUFUSBHPOBMTUSVDUVSFBOEUSBOTGPSNTUPDVCJD
above 60oC, the signature of which can be observed from
the disappearance of the tetragonal (211) reflection in
UIF 9SBZ EJGGSBDUJPO QBUUFSOT 'JH C
 'VSUIFS  QSPGJMFT
were also measured by decreasing the temperature to
investigate the reversible transformation behaviour of the
material. Appearance of the (211) reflection with almost
the same intensity indicates that OMHP is completely
transformed to the room temperature tetragonal phase.
There are no additional reflections related to the PbI2 (b) (c)
phase. Calculated lattice parameters for RT tetragonal and
Fig. 2 (a) Temperature-dependant XRD profiles of ambient synthesized organometal
HT cubic phases are shown in Fig. 2c, which are consistent halide perovskite, (b) Enlarged XRD profile of OMHP around (211) reflection, and
with the reported values. (c) Calculated lattice parameters for tetragonal and cubic phase OMHP.

Contributor: R Easwaramoorthi

78
Research and Technology Highlights

Synthesis of CoCrFeNi Based Multi Component Alloy

M Ramakrishna ramakrishna@arci.res.in

Alloy design in Metallurgical research until very recently that after SPS, a minor second phase has precipitated.
involved developing alloys with one element as major The microstructure of alloy is shown in Figs. 1F, G and H.
component, keeping in view the basic physical response 'SPN UIF 4&. #4& JNBHF JU DBO CF PCTFSWFE UIBU UIFSF
of that component to deformation, temperature and is chemical segregation resulting in two distinct regions
BMTPJUTDIFNJDBMJOUFSBDUJPOXJUIPUIFSFMFNFOUT.VMUJ BOE&%4BOBMZTJTSFWFBMFEUIFEBSLFSSFHJPOUPCF/JSJDI
DPNQPOFOUBMMPZTXJUIBUPNJDDPODFOUSBUJPOTFYDFFEJOH and the brighter one to be Cr rich.
5 at % and also number of components being five and
higher when synthesized are usually termed as High Alloy with same composition was also prepared using
FOUSPQZ "MMPZT )&"T
 EVF UP UIFJS IJHI DPOGJHVSBUJPOBM vacuum arc melting and XRD pattern as well as the
entropy. Most of these alloys form either as a single 5&. JNBHF PG UIF TBNF DBO CF TFFO JO 'JHT" BOE &
QIBTFCBTFEPO'$$ #$$BOE)$1 PSUIFJSNJYUVSFXJUI respectively. Results from both the techniques confirm
the absence of any intermetallic phases. These alloys that it is the FCC phase and the lattice parameter as
are thought to possess some special properties such as determined from XRD is 3.5679 Å.
sluggish diffusion and severe lattice distortion, which
make them eligible candidates for high temperature Further work has to be carried out to understand the
applications such as bond coats for thermal barrier UIFSNBMTUBCJMJUZPGUIJTBMMPZQSFQBSFEWJBCPUIUIFBCPWF
DPBUJOHT 5IFSF BSF TPNF QSPNJOFOU )&"T XIJDI UFOE mentioned routes and also to alter the microstructure
to from as single phase with FCC or BCC structure. It is to have a second phase either by dispersion or by
FOWJTJPOFEUPTZOUIFTJ[FTVDI)&"T XIJDIDBOCFVTFE precipitation to improve its mechanical behavior.
as a base (like Fe in steels) for further design of alloys
with superior performance.

In order to prepare such an alloy, Co, Cr, Fe and Ni


were chosen and two different synthesis routes were
investigated. An alloy was prepared using Mechanical
Alloying (MA), and another using conventional melting
and solidification. Mechanical alloying was carried out by
NJMMJOHBCMFOEPGFRVJBUPNJDDPNQPTJUJPOPG$P$S'F/J
and milling in a planetary mill for 32 hrs with powder
UPCBMMSBUJPBTBOEUPMVFOFBTNJMMJOHNFEJVN'JH
1A shows the XRD pattern of powder samples sampled
intermittently until 32 hrs of milling. It can be seen
that the alloy has attained single phase after 32 hours
of milling with FCC structure. The lattice parameter of
the structure after peak analysis is found to be 3.5578 Å,
which is close to that of Nickel, and the crystallite size is
GPVOEUPCFON*UDBOBMTPCFTFFOUIBUUIFSFJTQFBL
broadening in the 32 hour milled sample due to very
fine crystallite size. Microstructural analysis was carried
Fig. 1 (A) XRD pattern of milled powders and melt alloy (B) XRD pattern of SPS processed
PVU VTJOH 5SBOTNJTTJPO FMFDUSPO NJDSPTDPQZ 5&.
 alloy (C) and (D) BF and DF images respectively of milled powder (E) BF image of melt
bright field (BF) and dark field (DF) images of the same alloy (F) SEM image of SPS processed alloy (G) BSE image of SPS processed alloy
can be seen in Figs. 1C and D, and it is observed that the (H) TEM BF image of SPS processed alloy
DSZTUBMMJUFTJ[FJTPGUIFPSEFSNFBTVSFEGSPN93%4"&%
pattern of the sample (inset of Fig. 1D) confirms that the
BMMPZ JT PG TJOHMF QIBTF &%4 XBT DBSSJFE PVU UP DPOGJSN
UIF DPNQPTJUJPO )35&. JNBHF PG ." TBNQMF TIPXT
very fine crystallite size. The milled alloy powder was
consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at 900°C
by applying a load of 50 MPa for 20 minutes and the XRD
profile from the same can be seen in Fig. 1B. It can be seen

Collaborators: K S Prasad and K Suresh

79
Research and Technology Highlights

Electrochemical Behavior of Cold Sprayed Ni-B4C Composite


Coatings in Salt Water

A Jyothirmayi ajyothi@arci.res.in

.FUBM NBUSJY DPNQPTJUFT ..$T


 IBWF CFFO HBJOJOH obtained by circuit fit of the plots are shown in Table 1. The
increased attention in applied research since they provide Rct values are very low for the Ni, Ni coated B4C coatings
superior wear, corrosion and other functional properties. XIFODPNQBSFEUP/J/JDPBUFE#4$DPBUJOHT)FBUUSFBUFE
Due to superior hardness, low density (2.5 g/cc), and high samples show very high Rct after 1hr and better performance
melting point (2350°C) B4C is being used as a potential after 24 hrs also comparatively with as coated samples.
candidate in a variety of applications such as armor, grinding
wheels, blasting nozzles etc. As Nickel is a corrosion resistant Table 1 Ecorr, Icorr and corrosion rate from polarization plots obtained from the data in
material, the composite of B4C dispersed Nickel can meet Fig. 1(a). Rct from circuit fit of Nyquist plots from data in Fig. 1(b).
the problems related to corrosion and wear applications. Sample ID Ecorr (-mV) Icorr [PA/ Corrosion Rct [:cm2]
Cold spraying is a suitable technique to deposit carbide vs SCE cm2] rate (MPY)
CBTFE..$T TVDIBT/J#4C in this study) since other high Ni-1hr 458 5.55 2.36 1207
temperature thermal spray processes invariably lead to Ni-24hrs 712 14.97 6.37 678.3
decomposition of carbides. Ni coated B4C-1hr 621 5.56 2.37 1216
Ni coated B4C-24hrs 839 6.96 2.96 1167
In the present study, commercially available Nickel powder
Ni- Ni coated B4C-1hr 786 3.77 1.60 2501
4BOEWJL 4XFEFO Eż˜N
XBTQPUNJYFEXJUIOJDLFM
Ni- Ni coated B4C-24hrs 675 11.5 4.91 987.4
$7% DPBUFE #4$ E ż  ˜N
 JO  WPMVNF
 SBUJP 5IF
QPUNJYFEDPNQPTJUFQPXEFSXBTTQSBZFEPO.4TBNQMFT Ni- Ni coated B4C-1hr-HT 421 2.36 1.01 6720

BU  CBS BOE ¡$ VTJOH BO JOIPVTF DPME TQSBZ GBDJMJUZ Ni- Ni coated B4C-24hrs-HT 484 3.82 1.62 2190
*O HFOFSBM  UIF BTTQSBZFE DPBUJOHT BSF TVCKFDUFE UP B (a)
CSJFGQPTUIFBUUSFBUNFOUTJODFUIFDPBUJOHTJOBTTQSBZFE
DPOEJUJPOBSFGSBHJMFEVFUPJOTVóDJFOUJOUFSTQMBUCPOEJOH
" 4FU PG /J/J #4C) samples was vacuum heat treated at
600°C for two hours.

Potentiodynamic polarization and impedance tests were


DBSSJFE PVU VTJOH 4*  *NQFEBODFHBJOQIBTF BOBMZ[FS
with SI 1287 electrochemical interface (Solartron, USA)
BGUFSBOEIPVSTFYQPTVSFUP/B$MTPMVUJPOVTJOH
a three electrode cell. The polarization plots recorded after
 IST FYQPTVSF BSF TIPXO JO 'JH B
 BOE UIF BOBMZ[FE
EBUBPGDPSSPTJPOQPUFOUJBMT &corr) and current densities (Icorr)
GPS  BOE  IST BSF HJWFO JO5BCMF5IF &corr has shifted
towards more positive potentials for Ni + B4C composite (b)
coatings compared to Ni as well as B4C coatings, which
shows that these coatings are more resistant towards
/B$M DPNQBSBUJWFMZ 5IF IFBUUSFBUFE DPBUJOHT XJUI NPSF
positive potential demonstrate superior corrosion behavior
BOE CFUUFS QFSGPSNBODF PG BMM DPMETQSBZFE DPBUJOHT 5IF
DPSSPTJPO DVSSFOU EFOTJUJFT GPS IFBUUSFBUFE DPBUJOHT BSF
lower than that of other types of coatings at 1 hr as well as
BGUFSIST5IFEFGFDUTJOUIFBTDPBUFETBNQMFTQSFWFOU
formation of a uniform passive film. Closing of pores and
EFGFDUTJOUIFDPMETQSBZFEDPBUJOHT XJUISFEVDUJPOJOHSBJO
boundaries on account of heat treatment is responsible for
increased corrosion resistance.

The same results are also observed with impedance analysis.


Fig. 1 (a) Potentiodynamic polarization scans and (b) Nyquist plots of Ni, Ni coated B4C,
Nyquist plots from impedance data of all the coatings are Ni-Ni coated B4C (as coated and heat treated) coatings after 24 hours
shown in Fig 1(b). The charge transfer resistance, Rct values exposure to 3.5% NaCl solution

Contributors: S Kumar, A Arjuna Rao and Naveen Manhar Chavan

80
Research and Technology Highlights

Room Temperature and 600°C Erosion Behaviour of Various Nickel


Matrix Plus Chromium Carbide Coatings

L Venkatesh venkatesh@arci.res.in

/JDLFM NBUSJY QMVT DISPNJVN DBSCJEF DPNQPTJUF DPBUJOHT to have weak splat bonding. Hence, laser clad coatings with
IBWF HPPE IBSEOFTT BOE FYDFMMFOU PYJEBUJPO SFTJTUBODF VQ a microstructure free of such defects may be considered
to 900°C. Consequently, these coatings have been applied suitable for high temperature erosion applications.
PWFS B XJEF SBOHF PG JOEVTUSJBM DPNQPOFOUT FYQPTFE UP
TJNVMUBOFPVTBDUJPOPGFSPTJPOBOEPYJEBUJPO5IFTFDPBUJOHT (a)
are usually applied by a variety of thermal spay processes or
by laser cladding and a common method of ranking their
performance is by solid particle erosion testing. Though
evaluation of room temperature erosion performance of
such coatings is common, studies focusing on their high
temperature performance have been limited.

In this study, coatings were deposited using laser cladding,


and detonation and plasma spraying. Their erosion
performance at room temperature and 600°C was evaluated
BTQFSQSPDFEVSFEFTDSJCFEJO"45.(5IFSFTVMUTBSF
presented in Figure 1. The erosion brittleness was analysed
(b)
CZ FòFDUJWF VTF PG && FSPTJPO SBUF SBUJP PG ¡ BOE
¡
 *O FSPTJPO UFSNJOPMPHZ  DPBUJOHT XJUI && BSF
UFSNFE FSPTJPO EVDUJMF BOE DPBUJOHT XJUI && BSF
termed erosion brittle. The erosion rates (Figure 1(a)) of all
the coatings at 30° impact were comparable barring room
temperature erosion rate of laser clad, which was least among
all coatings and conditions. However, the 90° impact erosion
rate and material removal mechanism in the coatings varied
significantly. Both laser clad and plasma sprayed coating were
erosion brittle at both room temperature and 600°C, whereas
detonation sprayed coating was ductile at room temperature
and brittle at 600°C. These results are further discussed with
the support of the eroded surface morphology (Figure 2) as Fig. 1 Erosion wear results of laser clad, detonation sprayed and plasma sprayed coatings:
observed under a scanning electron microscope. (a) Steady state erosion rate and (b) Erosion wear ratio (E90/E30)

The plasma sprayed coating was brittle and showed relatively


poor erosion performance at both temperatures. This is
attributed to the poor bonding of the splats characteristic of
low velocity associated with the plasma spraying process. On
the other hand, detonation sprayed coating was highly ductile
at room temperature but behaved brittle at 600°C. Scanning
electron micrograph of the eroded surfaces clearly revealed
that splats were intact at room temperature, whereas splat
spalling occurred at 600°C. This clearly indicates that room
temperature splat bonding may not get replicate at higher
temperatures. Laser clad coating had the least erosion rate
BU¡$ UIPVHIJUBQQFBSFECSJUUMF&SPEFETVSGBDFTIPXFE
presence of cracks prominently at high temperature but high
WPMVNFNBUFSJBMSFNPWBMJTOPUFYQFDUFEBTJOUIFDBTFPGTQMBU
spalling associated with thermal sprayed coating. The poor
erosion performance of thermal sprayed coating at 600°C is
clearly shown to be due to its splat structure. This is especially Fig. 2 Scanning electron micrographs of laser clad, and detonation and plasma sprayed
true for coatings deposited with low velocities, which tend coatings exposed to erosion at 90° impact at room temperature and 600°C

Collaborators: G Sivakumar and Manish Tak

81
Research and Technology Highlights

Project 'Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience and


Technology'

Sanjay Bhardwaj sanjay@arci.res.in

Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience &


Technology (CKMNT) project was set up at ARCI, Hyderabad
under the aegis of National Nano Mission in the year 2009. The
mandate of CKMNT is to continuously search & monitor the
literature, patents and business information emerging in the
area of nanoscience and technology, analyze, categorize and
disseminate information among the stakeholders, and thereby,
assist Nano Mission in fulfilling its objectives. This report briefly
describes the accomplishments of CKMNT during last year.

CKMNT provided valuable insights to organizations for their R


& D/technology development efforts through its technology
GPSFTJHIUUFDIOPCVTJOFTTBOBMZUJDTSFQPSUT5IFJOTJHIUTGSPN
CKMNT reports have been used by various organizations
PQFSBUJOH JO UIF BSFBT PG PJM BOE HBT  DIFNJDBM  UFYUJMFT 
advanced materials, cosmetics, personal care etc. Inputs have
IFMQFE UIFN JO UBLJOH DSVDJBM 3  %UFDIOPMPHJDBMUFDIOP
commercial decisions. Such decisions include identifying
QPUFOUJBM UFDIOPMPHZ GPS MJDFOTJOH  QSFQBSJOH B MPOHUFSN
strategic plan, prioritizing R&D activities and protecting
inventions. CKMNT prepared following reports for multiple
DMJFOUPSHBOJ[BUJPOTEVSJOHMBTUZFBS
CKMNT published Nanotech Insights, a quarterly newsletter
t 1BUFOU-BOETDBQF4UVEZPGhBDZDMJDDIFNJDBMDPNQPVOEh EFEJDBUFEUPUIFöFMEPGOBOPTDJFODFBOEUFDIOPMPHZ&BDI
Report covered the detailed patent landscaping, white JTTVF PG OFXTMFUUFS DPWFSFE BSUJDMFT GSPN FYQFSUT JO WBSJPVT
space analysis, technological trend analysis, citation öFMET PG OBOPTDJFODF BOE UFDIOPMPHZ MJUFSBUVSFQBUFOU
analysis, technology overview of the most cited patents, BOBMZTJT PO BO FNFSHJOH OBOPUFDI BSFB TBGFUZ  IFBMUIDBSF
Indian scenario and building block patents. BOE FOWJSPONFOUBM JTTVFT 3  % IJHIMJHIUT FNFSHJOH
t 1BUFOUBCJMJUZ3FQPSUPOhBOBOUJNJDSPCJBMQSFTFSWBUJWFh UFDIOPMPHJFTHSFFO UFDIOPMPHJFTOFX QSPEVDUT OBOPUFDI
t 1BUFOU -BOETDBQF 4UVEZ GPS hB TQFDJöFE NBUFSJBM IBWJOH QBUFOUT TQPUMJHIU DPNNFSDJBMCVTJOFTT TFDUJPO QSPWJEJOH
QPUFOUJBMBQQMJDBUJPOTJODPTNFUJDTBOEQFSTPOBMDBSFh information on technologies available for licensing and
t 5FDIOPMPHZ 'PSFTJHIU 3FQPSU PO h/BOPUFDIOPMPHZ CVTJOFTT OFXT *OEJBO OBOPTDJFODF BOE OBOPUFDI TDFOBSJP
"EPQUJPO 0QQPSUVOJUJFTh GPS B MFBEJOH DPNQBOZ JO UIF Nanomission activities and forthcoming events. Three issues
upstream Oil & Gas sector of the Nanotech Insights newsletter including a special issue
t 1BUFOU -BOETDBQF 3FQPSU PO hB DIFNJDBM DPNQPTJUJPO BT POi/BOPUFDIOPMPHZGPS4VTUBJOBCMF&OFSHZwXFSFQVCMJTIFE
sun blocks, for application in cosmetics and personal care EVSJOH  5IJT JT UIF QSJNBSZ NFEJVN PG LOPXMFEHF
QSPEVDUTh5IFSFQPSUDPOUBJOFECJCMJPNFUSJD XIJUFTQBDF  sharing among the stakeholders. Accordingly, nearly 8000
technological trend and competitors’ analyses. copies were being circulated annually among various
t 1SJPS"SUBOE1BUFOU/PWFMUZ4FBSDI3FQPSUPOhBOJNQSPWFE nanoscience and technology stakeholders in the country.
method for producing inorganic bonded artificial marbles
BOEUJMFTh Patent analysis reports to provide policy inputs were made.
t 1BUFOU/PWFMUZ4FBSDI3FQPSUPOhIJHIDPFSDJWJUZEPQBOU These reports linked nanotechnology/nanomaterials to
GSFFTUSPOUJVNGFSSJUFQPXEFSTh the areas of water purification, energy, catalyst, polymers,
t 1SJPS "SU BOE 1BUFOU /PWFMUZ 4FBSDI 3FQPSU  hDSBDLGSFF healthcare, cosmetics and wound healing, vaccines, green
cladding by controlling the overall stress using patch synthesis, additive manufacturing, food packaging, and
PSJFOUBUJPOUFDIOJRVFh clean coal technology. Other reports included Nanoscience
t 1BUFOU /PWFMUZ  4FBSDI BOE "OBMZTJT 3FQPSU PO hGPBNJOH and Nanotechnology Research Landscape of India, Status of
IBOETBOJUJ[FSh Materials Science Research in African Countries, and Graphene
t 1BUFOU /PWFMUZ 4FBSDI BOE "OBMZTJT 3FQPSU  PO hDPPMJOH BOE % .BUFSJBMT 4UBUVT PG 3% BOE 1BUFOUJOH "DUJWJUZ JO
TPGUOFSTh India. Analysis report on nearly 70 projects sponsored by
Nanomission was also prepared.

Contributor: G Padmanabham

82
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation

Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International


Cooperation

Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International


$PPQFSBUJPO $5"5*$
XPSLTBTBOJOUFSGBDFCFUXFFO3%
groups at ARCI and prospective collaborators/technology
receivers. CTATIC plays crucial major role in (a) the identification
of engagement models and finalizing contractual agreements,
C
 UIF PVUSFBDI FòPSUT CZ QBSUJDJQBUJOH JO UIF FYIJCJUJPOT
and by delivering lectures/presentations in conferences
/ workshops / seminars / symposia etc. and (c) managing
patent portfolio.
Partial list of the Agreements signed by ARCI during the last Fig.1 Interfacing role of CTATIC
ZFBSJTQSPWJEFECFMPX
t &TUBCMJTINFOU PG B +PJOU 5FDIOPMPHZ %FNPOTUSBUJPO as well as to optimally prune the portfolio, wherever justifiable.
Centre for Advanced Nanomechanical Characterization 1BUFOUSFMBUFE JOQVUT XFSF QSPWJEFE UP 3  % HSPVQT GPS
with Nanomechanics, USA filing new applications and for planning the R & D towards
t $PMMBCPSBUJPO UP %FWFMPQ .BHOFUJD .BUFSJBMT GPS patentable inventions in 30 cases. During past year, patent
Automotive Applications öMJOHQSPDFTTIBTTIJGUFEGSPNNBOVBMUPFöMJOH SFTVMUJOHJO
t &TUBCMJTINFOUPGB+PJOU%FNPOTUSBUJPO$FOUSFGPS-BTFS QBZNFOUPGEJTDPVOUFEGFFUPUIF*OEJBO1BUFOU0óDF *10

based Metal Additive Manufacturing with SLM Solutions 3FRVFTUGPSFYBNJOBUJPO 'PSNPGUIF*10
XBTöMFEJO
Singapore Pvt. Ltd. and Design Tech Systems Limited pending applications, which included all the applications
t +PJOU %FWFMPQNFOU PG &CJLFT VTJOH DPNNFSDJBMMZ öMFEBGUFS5IJTZFBS SFRVFTUGPSFYBNJOBUJPOJTCFJOH
BWBJMBCMF4VQFSDBQBDJUPS1BDLTJOQMBDFPG-JJPO#BUUFSJFT filed alongwith the main patent application itself.
with a private sector company ARCI celebrated 20 successful years of research, development
t "HSFFNFOU PO $PPQFSBUJPO  1SPUFDUJPO BOE 6TF PG and technology transfer in the field of materials and processes
Intellectual Property Rights in the field of Carbon UISPVHI i"3$*5FDI&Yw EVSJOH 'FCSVBSZ   
Nanotubes with Belarusian State University of Informatics 5IFPCKFDUJWFTPGi"3$*5FDI&YwXBTUPTIPXDBTF"3$*T
and Radio electronics UFDIOPMPHJFTBOEFYQMPSFCVTJOFTTPQQPSUVOJUJFTTQFDJöDBMMZ
t 4QPOTPSFE3%"HSFFNFOUGPS/BOPTUSVDUVSFE5SBOTJUJPO in the areas of surface engineering and fuel cell technology.
Metal Sulphides with a premier oil and gas company The event was attended by more than 500 delegates
"3$*QBSUJDJQBUFEJOUIFGPMMPXJOHFYIJCJUJPOTUPTIPXDBTFJUT JODMVEJOH HPWFSONFOU PóDJBMT TDJFOUJTUT BOE UFDIOPMPHJTUT
LOPXMFEHFCBTF UFDIOPMPHJFTBOETFSWJDFT from industry, R&D organizations and academic institutions.
&OUSFQSFOFVST BOE SFQSFTFOUBUJWFT GSPN  JOEVTUSJBM
S. Name of the Exhibition Place Month and
No. Year
organizations looking for collaborations, solutions and
technology based business opportunities could effectively
1. Laser Photonics Bangalore Sept 2016
VUJMJ[FUIJTFWFOU%FUBJMFESFQPSUPOUIFi"3$*5FDI&YwJT
2. Analytica Anacon Hyderabad Oct 2016
being provided elsewhere in the report.
3. IIM-NMD-ATM 2016 Kanpur Nov 2016
CTATIC contributes at multiple points in the Intellectual Property
4. India International Science New Delhi Dec 2016
Festival 2016 *1
 DIBJO GSPN FYQMPSBUPSZ TUVEJFT UP DPNNFSDJBMJ[BUJPO
5. Digitechman-2017 Hyderabad March 2017 and adds value towards strengthening the IP chain. For this
6. International Engineering Chennai March 2017 purpose, CTATIC has been involved in regular assessment of
Sourcing Show- 2017 readiness levels for ongoing R & D projects in terms of the
Intellectual Property Development Indices (IPDIs). CTATIC
-FBETHFOFSBUFEJOUIFBCPWFFYIJCJUJPOTBSFCFJOHQVSTVFE VUJMJ[FTøFYJCMFFOHBHFNFOUNPEFMTDPOUSBDUVBMBHSFFNFOUT
to identify the possibilities of collaborations and technology to facilitate partnerships right from early stage research to
USBOTGFS *O BEEJUJPO  "3$* PSHBOJ[FE BO FYQPTJUJPO UJUMFE technology transfer. This approach towards collaborations and
i"3$*5FDI&YwUPTIPXDBTFJUTUFDIOPMPHJFTBOETFSWJDFT technology transfer is adopted to optimize the utilization of
Detailed report on the event is provided elsewhere in this intellectual capital available at ARCI.
Report. To manage ARCI patent portfolio, CTATIC worked
towards strategies to hasten the patent prosecution process

Sanjay Bhardwaj G Padmanabham


sanjay@arci.res.in gp@arci.res.in

83
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation

Portfolio of ARCI Technologies


Technology Transfers Undertaken

#BTFE PO UIF QFSDFJWFE NBSLFU TJ[F PG QSPEVDUTTFSWJDFT CBTFE PO "3$* UFDIOPMPHJFT  "3$* IBT BEPQUFE FYDMVTJWF BOE
OPOFYDMVTJWF NPEFT PG UFDIOPMPHZ USBOTGFS UP GBDJMJUBUF IFBMUIZ DPNQFUJUJPO JO UIF NBSLFU 4P GBS  "3$* IBT TVDDFTTGVMMZ
transferred 15 technologies to 27 receivers and few technologies are under transfer. The following table depicts the
UFDIOPMPHJFTUSBOTGFSSFE

Sr. No Technology Technology Recipient Status


Transferred to 8 companies on non-exclusive
1-8. Electro Spark Coating (ESC) equipment Hard, wear resistant coatings
basis
9. Magnesia Aluminate Spinel (MAS) Steel, cement and power plants Transferred on exclusive basis

10. Ceramic crucibles Carbon and Sulphur analysis Transferred on exclusive basis
Energy efficient air heaters from ceramic
11. Industrial heating Transferred on exclusive basis
honeycombs
Wear and corrosion resistant coating for Transferred to 4 companies on region-
12-15 Detonation Spray Coating (DSC)
various components exclusive basis
16. Reinforced graphite sheets and seals Automotive sector Transferred on exclusive basis
Waste heat recovery systems, solar energy
17. Heat pipes heat sinks Transferred on exclusive basis
applications, power electronics
18. Evaporation boats Metallization Transferred on exclusive basis

19. Ceramic honeycomb molten metal filters Molten metal filtration Transferred on exclusive basis

20. Calcium aluminate cements and furnace sealants Refractory castables Transferred on exclusive basis
Hard (1800 VHN) wear resistant coatings on Transferred to 3 companies on region-
21-23. Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO)
aluminum and titanium alloys exclusive basis
24. ESC equipment manufacturing Diverse segments Transferred on non-exclusive basis
Nanosilver impregnated ceramic water filter
25. Water purification Transferred on non-exclusive basis
candles to impart anti-bacterial function
Nano silver based textile finishes for anti-bacterial
26. Anti-bacterial applications Transferred on exclusive basis
applications
Nanotitaniumdioxide based textile finishes for self
27. Self-cleaning applications Transferred on exclusive basis
cleaning applications
28. Decorative coatings on glass substrates Aesthetic applications Ongoing

29 Aerogel Flexible Sheet Technology Thermal Insulation applications Ongoing

Technologies Available for Adaptation/Transfer


S. No Technology and Related Issues Key Features and Applications
1. Advanced Detonation Spray Coating Key Features: Possible Applications:
Technology (DSC) MARK-II - High productivity due to high pulse frequency t 4UFFMJOEVTUSZBQQMJDBUJPOTVDIBT#SJEMFSPMMT
- Less maintenance: absence of mechanically t 5FYUJMF1BQFSJOEVTUSZBQQMJDBUJPOTTVDIBT
moving parts wire passing pulleys, plungers, steeped cone
Intellectual Property Development Index (IPDI):
- Good adhesion strength (>10000 psi) pulleys, bearing stopper plates, guide rolls
Process parameters were optimized. Coating quality, - Dense microstructure (< 1%) t (BTDPNQSFTTPSBQQMJDBUJPOTTVDIBT
repeatability and reliability studies were completed - Negligible thermal degradation and excellent spindle valve, compressor disc, compressor
tribological properties shaft
- Ability to coat wide range of powders, carbide, t )1-1UVSCJOFCMBEFT DPNQSFTTPS
oxide, metal powders discs, LCA nozzles, thrust beating sleeves,
- Lower substrate temperature & low oxide content propeller shaft seals.
- Coatings with 50-2000 microns thickness can be t 1PXFSBOE&OFSHZBQQMJDBUJPOTTVDIBT
produced guide vanes, spindle valves, hydro turbine
blades.
2. Detonation Spray Coating (DSC) Technology Key Features: Possible Applications:
- Attractively priced compared to imported HVOF t $PBUJOHTGPSBQQMJDBUJPOTTVDIBTXFBS
IPDI : Technology transferred to 4 companies and is units and corrosion resistance etc. for various
- Extreme versatility industry sectors.
available for transfer
- Capable of depositing a vast range of metals,
alloys, cermet, ceramic and composite coatings
for varied functional applications

84
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation

S. No Technology and Related Issues Key Features and Applications


3. Micro Arc Oxidation Key Features: Possible Applications:
- Ability to coat Al, Ti, Mg and Zr metals and their t 'PSBXJEFBSSBZPGBQQMJDBUJPOTJOJOEVTUSZ
IPDI : Technology transferred to 3 companies and is alloys sectors such as textile, automobile etc.
available for transfer - Ease to coat complex shapes and difficult to access
regions
- Uniform, dense, hard and thick coatings
- Superior coating properties and performance
compared to other conventional acid based
processes like anodizing and hard anodizing
- Excellent tribological properties and corrosion
resistance
- Eco friendly
- 5-40 times service life improvement

4. Electro Spark Coating (ESC) Equipment Key Features: Possible Applications:


Manufacturing Technology - Simple and cost effective t $PNQPOFOUSFGVSCJTINFOUBOEUPDPNCBU
- Metallurgical bonded coatings with low heat input severe conditions of wear
IPDI : Technology transferred to one company and is to the substrate t $BOCFVTFEGPSFOIBODJOHMJGFPGDVUUJOH
- Any electrically conductive material available in tools such as end mills, taps and lathe bits
available for transfer
electrode form can be coated on any conductive
substrate
- Equipment is portable and lends itself easily to
automation for ensuring reproducibility
- Capable of providing coating thickness in the
range of 10 to 130 μm

5. Pulsed Electrodeposition Technology Key Features: Possible Applications:


- Non line of site process, economical and t $PSSPTJPOSFTJTUBODFBOEEFDPSBUJWF
IPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing ecofriendly coatings: automobiles include car, truck
- Porosity free finished product, higher production trim, motorcycle, kitchen and bathroom
rates appliances
- Control over microstructure, mechanical t 8FBSSFTJTUBODFIZESBVMJDBDUVBUPST SBJMXBZ
properties, particle content in composite coating engine shafts, aircraft landing gears, shaft
- Higher current efficiency and deposition rates journals, farm machinery, earth movers,
compared to traditional hard chrome process snow plows, road repair equipment, mining
- Smooth upscalability from research lab to equipment, automobile engine valves
production level after technology transfer. t *OEVTUSJBMUPPMTTVDIBTSPMMTGPS"MBOETUFFM
manufacturing, stamping tools and dies,
molds for plastic manufacturing utilized
chrome plating for increasing its (tool) life

6. Pressure Slip Casting of Complex Shapes of Key Features: Application:


Advanced Ceramics - Highly productive with a possibility of almost 30 t .BOVGBDUVSJOHPGBEWBODFEDFSBNJDTXJUI
cycles/hr depending on the slip and product complicated shapes, one end closed tubes,
IPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing - Yields 58%-60% green density and consistency is grinding media etc. with high productivity
assured for commercialization
- Easily up scalable to meet the industrial/
commercial requirements
- Many complex shapes and structures can be easily
pressure cast using aqueous slips
- Polymer moulds can be used to produce at least
15000-20000 cast cycles
- Eco-friendly with minimum rejection (3% max.)
- Polymer mould fabrication can be a part of the PC
technology
- Requires minimum man power. Can be
automated, if required

7. Extrusion Processing of Complex Shaped Key Features: Possible Applications:


Ceramic Tubes and Honeycombs - Extrusion process for wide range of ceramic t ,JMOGVSOJUVSFBOEGVSOBDFöYUVSFT
formulations t )POFZDPNCTVCTUSBUFTGPSDBUBMZTJT
- Low expanding honeycomb cellular ceramics t &OFSHZBCTPSQUJPO DPOTFSWBUJPOBOE
IPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing
- Thin walled porous and dense tubes generation
- Ram and Screw type extrusion processes t &OWJSPONFOUBMQSPUFDUJPO
- Capability to design and fabricate in-house dies
including for honeycombs
- Optimized heat treatment schedules based on the
ceramic formulation
- Engineered structural, thermal and mechanical
properties

85
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation

S. No Technology and Related Issues Key Features and Applications


8. Gel Casting of Complex Shaped Ceramics Key Features: Possible Applications:
- Acrylamide based gelation through t 4IBQJOHPGOFBSOFUTIBQFEDPNQMFYDFSBNJD
IPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing polymerisation process parts
- Environmental friendly methyl cellulose based
thermal gelation
- Flexibility in polymer selection for the desired
green strength
- Near net complex shaping
- Possibility of green machining of parts, if required

9. Transparent Ceramics Key Features: Possible Applications:


- Capability to fabricate polycrystalline transparent t %FOUBMDFSBNJDTBOEBSUJöDJBMHFNTUPOFT
IPDI : Ready for technology transfer ceramic specimens of transparent alumina, t 4PMBSBCTPSCFSUVCFTBOEMBNQFOWFMPQT
aluminium oxynitride (AlON), spinel (MgAl2O4) t *3TFOTPSFOWFMPQT
through slip casting and Hot Isostatic Pressing t )JHIUFNQFSBUVSFGVSOBDFXJOEPXT
- Capability to fabricate transparent zinc sulphide
(ZnS) ceramics through Chemical Vapour
Deposition (CVD)
- Specific parameters depends on ceramic
formulation

10. Compaction Processing of Ceramic Spools Key Features: Possible Applications:


- Density greater than 99% of theoretical t )FBUJOHFMFNFOUTXJOEJOHQVMMFZT
IPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing - Complex die design t )JHIUFNQFSBUVSFGVSOBDFöYUVSFT
- Uniaxial compaction
- Optimised sintering schedule
- High electrical resistance and moderate thermal
shock

11. Electrochemical Methanol Reformation (ECMR) Key Features: Possible Applications:


for Hydrogen Generation - Energy consumption for Hydrogen production was t&$.3DBOCFJOUFHSBUFEXJUISFOFXBCMF
found to be low, about 1/3rd of water electrolyzer. energy sources like wind, solar to store the
- Hydrogen can be produced at much lower energy in the form of hydrogen and it can be
IPDI : Reassessing feasibility (IP, competition, technology,
temperature and pressure, unlike methanol used in fuel cells.
commercial) after completing field tests reformer. t *O1PXFSTUBUJPOBTDPPMBOU
- The hydrogen produced is highly pure and t *O4FNJDPOEVDUPSJOEVTUSZBTBSFEVDJOH
Hydrogen separation steps are not required. agent
- Carbon based materials can be used for stack t .FUFPSPMPHJDBM%FQBSUNFOU IZESPHFOBTB
fabrication lift gas to fill weather balloons.

12. PEM Fuel cell Powered Materials Handling Key Features: Possible Applications:
Devices - Air cooled/ closed loop liquid cooled PEMFC stacks t "QQMJDBUJPOJONBUFSJBMIBOEMJOHEFWJDFTMJLF
to be developed. Forklifts
- PEMFC stacks with reduced weight and volume t "QQMJDBUJPOJOSFDSFBUJPOBMWFIJDMFTMJLF(P
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level
would be developed Karts, Golf- Carts etc.
- Control system development for the battery fuel t 1PXFSTPVSDFGPSBMMNPCJMFBQQMJDBUJPOT
cell hybrid system. t 1PXFSTPVSDFGPSBVYJMJBSZVOJUTJONPCJMF
- PEMFC stack would operate optimum efficiency at applications.
variable operating loads.

13. PEM Fuel Cell based Power Supply Systems Key Features: Possible Applications:
- Developed Grid Independent fuel cell systems in the t "TEFDFOUSBMJTFEQPXFSQBDLGPSIPNFT 
range of 1-20kW power. industries etc.
t "TDPNCJOFEIFBUBOEQPXFSVOJUTGPSIPNFT
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level - PEM Fuel cells developed have been continuously
operated for 500 hrs and intermittently for several t "TVOJOUFSSVQUFEQPXFSTPVSDFFWFOXIFO
thousand hours with stable performance. the power outage is for long duration ( >8hrs)
- Suitable control systems for load following cycle, t "TCBDLVQQPXFSGPSUFMFDPNJOEVTUSJFT
cell monitoring characteristics, power conditioners
and thermal management have been developed.

14. Sintered Silicon Carbide (SiC) Components Key Features: Possible Applications:
- Tuneable density and other thermo-mechanical t .FDIBOJDBMTFBMTQBSUJDVMBSMZGPSDPSSPTJWF
properties. environment.
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level - Flexibility in producing SiC parts incorporating t *NQBDUBOEBCSBTJPOSFTJTUBODFQBSUT
solid-state or liquid phase sintering additives. t -JHIUXFJHIUTUSVDUVSBMQBSUTGPSBFSPTQBDF
- Capable to produce SiC components up to 750 mm applications.
diameter. t *NQBDUBOEXFBSSFTJTUBOUQBSUT
- SiC parts with critical can be manufactured.

15. High Temperature Stable Solar Absorber Tubes Key Features: Possible Applications:
for Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CSP) - Cost effective t 4USFBNHFOFSBUJPOGPSWBSJPVTJOEVTUSJBM
Application - High optical properties (solar absorptance: 95-96 % applications
and thermal emittance: <0.20 (at 500°C) t 1PXFSHFOFSBUJPO
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at coupon level - Temperature of operation: <500°C t 4PMBSXBUFSIFBUFS4PMBSESZFS
- Good mechanical and weather stability t 4PMBSEFTBMJOBUJPO

86
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation

S. No Technology and Related Issues Key Features and Applications

16. Medium & Low Temperature Stable Solar Key Features: Possible Applications:
Absorber Tubes for Solar Thermal Applications - High selective properties (Solar Abs ~95%; Spectral t 4PMBSXBUFSIFBUFS4PMBSESZFS
emittance ~0.12) t 4PMBSEFTBMJOBUJPO
IPDI :Checking repeatability / consistency at coupon level - Low heat loss property: ~0.14 at 3000C t 4USFBNHFOFSBUJPOGPSWBSJPVTJOEVTUSJBM
- Temperature stability: < 3000C applications
- Corrosion stability: > 200 hrs withstand in salt t 03$TPMBSDPMMFDUPSCBTFEQPXFSHFOFSBUJPO
spray test
- High mechanical stability, Long durability and
highly enhanced weather protection

17. High Performance Broad Band Antireflective Key Features: Possible Applications:
Coatings for Optical, Solar and Display - High transmittances in visible and solar regions: t 4PMBS17$41DPWFSHMBTT
Applications >98 % (in visible) >96% (in solar) t 0QUJDBMMFOTFT
- Low temperature curable (80-1000C) t 7JEFPEJTQMBZQBOFMT
- High temperature stability: Max up to 10000C t "SDIJUFDUVSBMHMBTTFT
IIPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing - Weather stability: > 200hrs withstand in high t )JHIQPXFSMBTFST
humidity (>90%) at 500C
- High mechanical stability and Long durability
- Coat effective coating technique

18. Easy to Clean Coatings along with High Key Features: Possible Applications:
Optical Transmittance and High Weather - Low cost production t 17QBOFMT3FøFDUPSTFNQMPZFEJO$41
Stability - Optical property: <1% Transmission or reflection t 0QUJDBMMFOTFT
loss or equal to the actual optical property of the t 7JEFPEJTQMBZQBOFMT
substrate. t "SDIJUFDUVSBMHMBTTFT
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at coupon level - Super hydrophobic property: > 1000 water contact t 5FYUJMFT
angle t 1MBTUJDDPODSFUFTVSGBDFT
- Good UV, weather and mechanical stability

19. Anti-microbial, Easy to clean Coatings on Key Features: Possible Applications:


Glass, Metals, Plastics and Fibres - Incorporation of anti-microbial nanoparticles, t .FEJDJOFCPUUMFTDPOUBJOFST
controlled release mechanism t )PTQJUBMXBMMQBOFMT IPTQJUBMGVSOJUVSF
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at coupon level - Easy-to-clean coatings have surface properties t )FBSJOHBJET
comparable to perfluorinated polymers t 'PPEQBDLBHJOH
(hydrophobic surface) t 5FYUJMFXBMMTBOEUFYUJMFSPPGT TVOTIBEFT 
- Non-toxic blinds
- Easy to scale up for large area coatings t "TUPQDPBUTPOXBMMQBJOUT
t "OUJGPVMJOHDPBUJOHTPONBSJOFøPBUJOH
objects

20. Decorative Nanocomposite Coatings on Glass Key Features: Application:


and Ceramics - Tuneable transmission and refractive index of the t "SDIJUFDUVSBMBQQMJDBUJPOT$PMPVSFEHMBTTFT
coatings Tiles for aesthetics or decoration
IPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing - Colour of the coating can be controlled by suitable t 4DSBUDISFTJTUBOU DPMPVSFEDPBUJOHTGPSHMBTT
choice of dopants bottles used in various industries for storing
- UV, temperature stable and weather proof perfume, medicines etc
- Easy recyclability of glass due to complete
degradation of organic constituents at low
temperatures
- Opaque coatings possible with high temperature
durability

21. Hard Coatings on Plastics Key Features: Possible Applications:


- High scratch hardness and abrasion resistance t 3PBEUSBOTQPSU3PBEBOEQBWFNFOU
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at coupon level - Long life markers
- Good adhesion t )FMNFUWJTPST
- Coloured coatings possible t "VUPNPUJWFIFBEMBNQTXJOETIJFMET
- Can be coated on Polycarbonate, PMMA etc t $PMPVSFEIFBEMBNQTGPSJNQSPWFEBFTUIFUJD
- Can be made easy-to-clean with low surface free appeal and style
energy t 0QIUIBMNPTDPQJDMFOTFT
t #JBTQIFSJDMFOTFTVTFEJOJOEJSFDU
ophthalmoscopy
t "JSDSBGUDBOPQZ

22. Solar Selective Coatings for Stainless Steel Key Features: Possible Applications:
and Aluminium Substrates - 94 ± 1 % absorbance in 300-1500 nm range t 4PMBSTFMFDUJWFDPBUJOHTPOBCTPSCFSUVCFT
- 14 ± 1 % Thermal IR emittance of Concentrated Solar Power plant (Non-
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level - Withstood 20 cycles of thermal cycling at 350oC evacuated up to 250 deg C and evacuated up
- Withstood 80 h of salt spray test as per ASTM B117 to 400 deg C)
- Non-toxic and environmental friendly t 4PMBSTFMFDUJWFDPBUJOHTPONFUBMUVCFTGPS
water heating applications (up to 100 deg C)

87
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation

S. No Technology and Related Issues Key Features and Applications


23. Nanosilver Impregnated Ceramic Candle Filter Key Features: Possible Applications:
- Successfully field tested at various villages in t $FSBNJDDBOEMFTGPSESJOLJOHXBUFS
IPDI : Technology transferred to one company and is Andhra Pradesh with a non-governmental purification
available for transfer on non-exclusive basis organization
- Non electrical power and pressurized water
required
- Ease in maintenance
- Commercially attractive {very low amount of silver
used (0.2 wt %), Cost increase: candle (30-50%)
and filter assembly (3-5%)}
- Replacement needed once in six months

24. High Performance Varistors made from Doped Key Features: Possible Applications:
ZnO Nanopowders - Patented technology t 1PXFSFOHJOFFSJOH
- Lower sintering temperature and time compared t "VUPNPCJMFJOEVTUSZ
IPDI :Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level to micron powders t )PVTFIPMEFMFDUSPOJDT
- Order of magnitude higher breakdown field, 2-3 t 5FMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOT
times coefficient of nonlinearity and comparable
leakage current density

25. 2D-Nanolayered Transition Metal Sulfides Key Features: Possible Applications:


(2D-NTMS) - Synthesis of pure as well as mixed WS2/MoS2 t 4PMJEMVCSJDBOUGPSBFSPTQBDFBOE
nanosheet powders automotive sector
IPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing - Synthesis of doped-WS2/MoS2 nanosheet powders t 4PMJEMVCSJDBOUGPSGPSHJOHBOEPUIFS
- Reasonably good oxidation resistance manufacturing processes
- Feasibility to synthesize 2D-nanostructures of t "EEJUJWFUPBVUPNPCJMF-VCPJM
other transition metal sulphides t "EEJUJWFUPHSFBTFGPSJNQSPWFEQFSGPSNBODF
- Scalable process for bulk production under high shear stress
t 1FUSPDIFNDBUBMZTU
t &MFDUSPDBUBMZTUGPS)&3
t -JJPOCBUUFSZFMFDUSPEF
t 4FMGMVCSJDBUJOHDPNQPTJUFTBOEDPBUJOHT
(metallic/ceramics/polymer)
t 4FOTPSTBOEBDUVBUPST

26. Fe- based Cerametallic Friction Pads for Clutch Key Features: Possible Applications:
Plates of Heavy Vehicles - Use of non carcinogenic materials t $MVUDIBOECSBLFTPGIFBWZDPNNFSDJBM
- Improved wear and coefficient of friction vehicles
IPDI : Reassessing feasibility (IP, competition, technology, - Fe-based sintered pad t "JSDSBGUCSBLFT
- Flexibility of single or dual sintered friction pads t 1BTTFOHFSWFIJDMFTMJLFCVTFT
commercial) after completing field tests
- Indigenous equipment for processing t 8JOENJMMBQQMJDBUJPOT
- Reduced post sintering operations t 3BJMXBZT
- Production level manufacturing process t .JMJUBSZUBOLT

27. Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steels for High Key Features: Possible Applications:
Temperature Applications - High operating temperature of 650-700oC t #MBEFTGPSVMUSBTVQFSDSJUJDBMTUFBNUVSCJOFT
- High yield strength and creep resistance t )JHIQSFTTVSFDPNQSFTTPSBOEMPXQSFTTVSF
IPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing - Potential candidates to replace nickel based super turbine blades of gas turbines
alloys t $MBEUVCFTGPSOVDMFBSSFBDUPST
- Resistance to swelling under irradiation t 4USVDUVSBMNBUFSJBMTGPSGVTJPOSFBDUPST
- Established manufacturing processes t 0UIFSIJHIUFNQFSBUVSFBQQMJDBUJPOT

28. Large Scale Production of Cathode and Anode Key Features: Possible Applications:
Electrode Materials by Cost-effective Process - Large scale production of both anode and cathode t )JHIFOFSHZEFOTJUZDBUIPEFGPSFMFDUSJD
materials. vehicles
IPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing - Simple, economic and scalable processing method. t )JHIFOFSHZEFOTJUZBOEUIFSNBMMZTUBCMF
- Performance of these materials as LIB electrodes anode for electric vehicles
are better than the commercial ones t 0UIFSQPSUBCMFEFWJDFTXIFSF-*#TBSFVTFE

29. Multifunctional Titania (TiO2) Microspheres for Key Features: Possible Applications:
Self Cleaning Applications - Titania microspheres suspension in water at t 4FMGDMFBOJOHUFYUJMFT
neutral pH t "JSQVSJöDBUJPO
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level - Efficient photocatalyst t 8BUFSQVSJöDBUJPO
- Anti-bacterial t 0SHBOJDFõVFOUUSFBUNFOU
- UV absorber t "EEJUJWFUPFYUFSJPSCVJMEJOHQBJOUGPSTFMG
- Visible light reflector cleaning walls
- Simple and scalable chemical synthesis
- Novel process for which patent is applied

88
Centre for Technology Acquisition, Transfer and International Cooperation

S. No Technology and Related Issues Key Features and Applications


30. Silica Aerogel Granules for Thermal Insulation Key Features: Possible Applications:
Application - Granule size : ~ 1 mm (Tuneable) Thermal insulating
- Packing density: 0.07 g/cc t 1BJOUT
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at coupon level - Thermal stability : - 200oC to 800oC t #VJMEJOHNBUFSJBMTVDIBTDFNFOU CSJDLT XBMM
- Surface area: ~ 800 m2/g plaster etc
- Thermal conductivity: 0.03 W/mK at RT (transient t 8JOEPXQBOFMT
plane method) t 5FYUJMFT
- Colour : Translucent or opaque or black (depending t )FBUDPMETUPSBHFT
on functionality)
- In-situ carbon doping for IR opacification possible
- Hydrophilic or hydrophobic

31. Laser Welding and Laser-MIG Hybrid Welding Key Features: Possible Applications:
- High power density t 5BJMPSXFMEFECMBOLTGPSBVUPNPUJWF
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level - Single pass welding of thick applications etc.
- sections t $BOXFMEBXJEFWBSJFUZPGNBUFSJBMTBOE
- Controlled heat input welding thicknesses
- with precision t $BOXFMENBHOFUJDNBUFSJBMTVOMJLFFMFDUSPO
- No vacuum requirement beam welding
t 4UFFMQMBUFT UIJDLTFDUJPOXFMET TIJQCVJMEJOH
etc.

32. Laser Surface Hardening Treatment Key Features: Possible Applications:


- Selective localized area hardening with minimal t 4VJUFEGPSXJEFSBOHFPGTUFFMT DBTUJSPOTBOE
IPDI : Checking repeatability / consistency at prototype level heat input profiles
- No quenchant requirement t 5IFQSPDFTTDBOCFEFWFMPQFEGPSIBSEFOJOH
- No surface damage of a variety of components such as
- Excellent reproducibility with ease of automation crankshafts, camshafts, piston rings, tooling
- Negligible post process machining requirement and dies, bearing steels, steam turbine
- Controlled case depth blades, sheet metal etc.
- Refined homogenous microstructures
- Minimal distortion
- Chemical Cleanliness

33. Laser Surface Coating (Alloying and Cladding) Key Features: Possible Applications:
- Material to be coated is fused using a laser t 8FBSQMBUFTGPSEJòFSFOUBQQMJDBUJPOT
IPDI : Reassessing feasibility (IP, competition, technology, beam and deposited on a substrate with good t $PNQPOFOUSFQBJSBOESFGVSCJTINFOU
commercial) after completing field tests metallurgical bonding but with minimal base
metal dilution
- Low heat input resulting in fine microstructures
- Provides crack-free clad layers without porosity

34. Laser Drilling Key Features: Possible Applications:


- Non-contact drilling method t "XJEFWBSJFUZPGNBUFSJBMTTVDIBTNFUBMT 
IPDI :Reassessing feasibility (IP, competition, technology, - Holes of large aspect ratio and very small ceramics and composites etc. can be drilled
commercial) after completing field tests diameter (0.3 mm) can be drilled t 5IFQSPDFTTDBOCFVTFEGPSTQFDJöD
- Precise control of heat input applications such as drilling of fine holes
- Holes can be drilled at shallow angles to the on high pressure nozzle guided vanes
surface and combustion liners for aero-engine
applications

35. Ultrafast Laser Micromachining Key Features: Possible Applications:


- High machining quality t3FGVSCJTINFOUPGQJTUPOSJOHT
IPDI : Prototype testing in real life conditions ongoing - Heat sensitive material machining t .BDIJOJOHJOTJEFHMBTT
- No wavelength dependence so any material can t $BOCFVTFEPODFSBNJDT NFUBMUVCFT BOE
be machined with the same laser silicon.
- Greater flexibility and very well defined ablation
threshold (down to 100 nm)
- More predictable outcome with higher yield

36. Exfoliated Graphite and its value added Key Features: Possible Applications:
products - Impermeable to fluids t 'VFM$FMMT
- Leak proof sealing under low turning torque t "VUPNPUJWF
IPDI : Technology transferred to one company and is - Easily cut and punched t 0JMSFöOFSJFT
- Can withstand temperature range from -200oC t 1FUSPDIFNJDBMJOEVTUSJFTFUD
available for transfer
to +500oC in oxidizing and up to 3000oC in inert
atmosphere
- Excellent thermal shock resistance. Does not age or
creep
- Cannot be wetted by molten glass, metal etc., self-
lubricating, and resistant to all chemicals

89
Support Groups
Support Groups

Complexities in Relocating/Shifting Multi-Disciplinary Computer


Controlled Systems

S Nirmala, Electronics and Instrumentation Group nirmala@arci.res.in

"MM TUBUFPGUIFBSU JOEVTUSJBM FRVJQNFOU FNQMPZ B t "MM CPPUJOH BOE BQQMJDBUJPO TPGUXBSF TVQQMJFE CZ UIF
combination of atleast two, if not more, different manufacturer was kept ready for reinstallation.
branches of technologies like computers, mechanical,
vacuum, hydraulic, pneumatic, refrigeration, etc. ARCI is t $POTVNFS EVSBCMFT MJLF IJHI WPMUBHF USBOTGPSNFS PJM 
XFMMFRVJQQFEXJUITVDITZTUFNTTVDIBT&MFDUSPO#FBN 7BDVVNPJM FUDXFSFLFQUSFBEZGPSSFQMFOJTINFOU
1SFTTVSF 7BQPS %FQPTJUJPO <&#17%> 4ZTUFN  4PMVUJPO
Precursor Plasma Spray Coating System, Detonation t "MMDPOUSPMDBSETXFSFLFQUTFDVSFMZMPDLFETPUIBUUIFZ
4QSBZ $PBUJOH 4ZTUFN 5IFSNBM $ZDMJOH 4ZTUFN  $"17% don’t get dislodged during transit
System etc., to name a few. Most of these imported
systems have been installed, commissioned and are in t "MMNVMUJDPSFJOUFSDPOOFDUJOHDBCMFTBOEUIFJSUFSNJOBM
operation for the past several years. These systems have sockets / plugs were safely removed, labeled and their
also undergone problems which have been addressed wiring data was kept ready for rewiring, keeping in
from time to time. mind the difference in floor plan in the new location.

However, when there was a need to shift the entire set t "GUFS UIF SFBTTFNCMZ  BMM UIF TVCTZTUFNT XFSF
of assemblies to a new location, an entirely different independently tested, tuned and configured to the
genre of problems had to be addressed. The aim of this FYUFOU QPTTJCMF CFGPSF JOUFHSBUJOH UIF XIPMF TFU PG
article is to showcase the difficulties, faced as in the assemblies by overcoming the problems encountered
DBTFPGUIF&#17%4ZTUFN 'JH
5IFJOUFHSBUFE&#17% during shifting.
FRVJQNFOU DPOTJTUT PG TFWFSBM TVCTZTUFNT MJLF B MBSHF
refrigerated water chiller, high vacuum pumps, four
high power electron guns, multiple motor drives, high
voltage power supplies, three zone vacuum chamber,
data acquisition system, touch screen display, etc. All
these systems are controlled and supervised by a central
PLC and computer. During regular use, the computer
not only receives operator driven commands but also
logs and stores important data in a volatile memory,
generally backed up by a battery. Such data not only
covers all the operating parameters but also contains
very useful parameters which are generated during
use and are required for auto tuning the motor drives,
defining the home, intermediate and end positions,
optimizing the supplies for the high voltage, filament
and beam scanning coils, actuation and position of the
vacuum valves, ingot translator mechanisms, etc. It is
these factors that require special attention in addition to Fig.1 Partial view of EBPVD before shifting
the large laborious effort required to carefully dismantle
FBDITVCTZTUFNBTTIPXOJO'JH MBCFMJOHUIFNQBSU
CZQBSU CFGPSFUSBOTQPSUJOHBOESFBTTFNCMJOHUIFNJO
the new location.

The actual shifting was carried out in the following


NBOOFS

t "MM TVCTZTUFNT XFSF DBSFGVMMZ CSPVHIU UP UIFJS IPNF


position before dismantling.

t "MMESZCBUUFSJFTXFSFDIFDLFEGPSUIFJSTUBUVTPGDIBSHF
and replaced whenever necessary.
Fig. 2 Sub-systems showing the complexity of EBPVD

Contributors: D K Sagar and N Aruna

91
Support Groups

A Labview Programmed Motion Sensor for Controlling Electronic


Appliances

Ch Sambasiva Rao, Electronics and Instrumentation Group csrao@arci.res.in

" -BC 7*&8 QSPHSBN JT EFWFMPQFE UP EFUFDU NPUJPO PG
PCKFDUT JO UIF QSPYJNJUZ PG B TFOTPS 5IJT QSPHSBN QFSNJUT
UP BVUPNBUJDBMMZ TXJUDI UIF FYUFSOBM FRVJQNFOU PO BOE Pò
using relays. This is profitable for many applications where it
reduces the power consumed by power guzzlers such as air
conditioners, industrial fans, lights, etc., when there are no
VTFSTJOUIFPQFSBUJOHBSFB5IFTFOTPSVTFEJTB1BTTJWF*OGSB
red Motion Sensor (PIR). Another module that is also used in
the system is a Data Acquisition module (DAQ).

5IF 1*3  TIPXO JO 'JH   PQFSBUFT PO B 7 %$ TVQQMZ 5XP
potentiometers are provided in the sensor conditioning
circuit for adjusting the sensitivity and delay time. If there is
BNPWFNFOUJOUIFQSPYJNJUZPGUIFTFOTPSUIFOUIFPVUQVU
WPMUBHFJTBSPVOE7CVUJGUIFSFJTOPNPWFNFOUUIFOUIF
PVUQVUESPQTUP7

Fig. 2 shows the front panel and block diagram of the Lab
7*&8 QSPHSBN BOE IBSEXBSF BTTFNCMZ PG %"2 NPEVMF
/* 64#
 NPUJPO TFOTPS BOE -&%5IF %"2 JT VTFE GPS
acquiring and generating digital and analog signals. This
DAQ module consists of 8 analog inputs, 12 digital inputs and
outputs and 2 analog outputs. The output from the motion
sensor is taken as analog input to DAQ module. The digital
PVUQVUPG%"2JTDPOOFDUFEUP-&% XIJDIDIBOHFTJUTTUBUF
depending on the sensor output. The DAQ sends an active
)*()PVUQVU 7
VQPOUIFFYFDVUJPOPGUIFQSPHSBN4PMJE
state relays, of an appropriate power rating, can be connected
to control high power appliances, thereby reducing the power
consumption in response to the motion. Fig.1 PIR Sensor and driver

LED Lab-VIEW Program

Motion
sensor

DAQ

Fig.2 Lab-VIEW Program and wiring diagram

Contributors: S Nirmala and N Aruna

92
Support Groups

A Miniature 2-D Plotting system using a micro-controller

N Aruna, Electronics and Instrumentation Group aruna@arci.res.in

"NJOJBUVSF%QMPUUFSIBTCFFOEFWFMPQFEJOIPVTFUPNPWF has still not been carried out. The motors and drivers that
B QFO IPMEFS BMPOH UIF 9  : BYFT 5IFSF JT BO BEEJUJPOBM XFSFVTFEGPSUIJTTZTUFNXFSFSFNPWFEGSPNEJTDBSEFE%7%
QSPWJTJPOUPDPOUSPMUIFWFSUJDBM;BYJTJF1FONPWFNFOUUPP systems that were available with us. This puts a restriction on
The plotter can be programmed to draw different types of UIFQMPUTJ[FUPKVTUYNN
öHVSFTMJLFUFYU MPHPTFUD*UNBJOMZDPNQSJTFTPGUISFFNBJO
The system described above can be modified to make
QBSUToBOFMFDUSPOJDQBSUCBTFEPOBO"SEVJOPNJDSPDPOUSPMMFS
3D printer by incorporating an injector [3D pen] in to the
board, two small stepper motors with associated drives, and
;BYJT BOE CZ NBLJOH BQQSPQSJBUFTPGUXBSF DIBOHFT JO UIF
a servo motor. Three of these are connected to a mechanical
Arduino program. It has no comparison with the commercially
platform that can move in two orthogonal directions. The
available sophisticated plotters and has been developed as
third motor is linked to a pen that moves it vertically above
BOJOIPVTFQSPUPUZQFNPEFMQSPKFDU JOPSEFSUPVOEFSTUBOE
UIFQMBUGPSN5PQMPUUIF%HSBQIJDT "SEVJOP*%& *OLTDBQF
the control mechanism behind 3D printing.
BOE1SPDFTTJOH 1%&
*%&QMBUGPSNTBSFVTFE

A CNC program, shown in Figure 1, was developed in a PC


and loaded into the Arduino microcontroller so that the X, Y
and Z movements can be defined. A vector graphics software
called Inkscape was used to create the required figure and
saved as a ‘G code’ file. The G code program is converted into
BO FYFDVUBCMF öMF HDUSM
 VTJOH 1SPDFTTJOH EFWFMPQNFOU
environment, ‘G code’ graphics instructions are formed and
sent as a CNC program to the Arduino. The desired figure is
thus plotted on a paper placed on the XY platform, which
NPWFTCFMPXUIF[BYJT UIBUDBSSJFTUIFQFO5IFBTTFNCMFE
system is shown in Figure 2 below. It was initially tested for its
GVODUJPOBMJUZXJUITJNQMFTIBQFT1MPUUJOHPGMPHPTBOEUFYUT Fig. 2 Assembled system for 2D plotting

Fig. 1 CNC Program

Contributors: S Nirmala and Ch Sambasiva Rao

93
Support Groups

Roof Top Solar (RTS) Plant

V C Sajeev, Electrical and Civil Maintenance sajeev@arci.res.in

This project for a grid connected rooftop solar 5000 sq.M. The buildings of Centre for Nanomaterials
QIPUPWPMUBJD 417
 QMBOU  OPU POMZ BJNT UP SFEVDF UIF BOE $FOUSF GPS 4PM(FM $PBUJOHT UPHFUIFS DBO QSPWJEF
FYQFOEJUVSF PO FOFSHZ QVSDIBTF CVU BMTP JOUFOET UP sufficient shadow free roof area. Since the Centre
join the National Action Plan on Climate Change by for Nanomaterials building is 20 years old and also its
harnessing renewable energy sources. columns are widely spanned, it was decided to conduct
a structural strength study. This task was undertaken by
The plant capacity, 500 KWp, is based on the average /*58BSBOHBMBOEUIFZIBWFHJWFOBSFQPSUUPHPBIFBE
day time power consuption of ARCI on working XJUIUIFJOTUBMMBUJPOXPSL5IF$FOUSFGPS4PMHFMCVJMEJOH
days. Grid connected type of solar plant is selected is comparatively new and its structurals are based on the
CFDBVTF UIJT CFTU TVJUT "3$*hT SFRVJSFNFOU 5IFSF JT latest construction techniques and is strong enough to
no energy storage facility and power will be used as bear installation loads of about 50 Kgs/m2.
and when available. The system components include
the crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic modules and 5IF FYQFDUFE BQQSPYJNBUF BOOVBM FOFSHZ HFOFSBUJPO
HSJEUJF JOWFSUFST 5IF  PVUQVU  QPXFS GSPN UIF 354 GSPN UIF 417 QPXFS QMBOU 'JHVSF CFMPX
 IBT CFFO
plant would be fed to the inverter which converts worked out based on the Global Horizontal Irradiation
%$ QPXFS QSPEVDFE  CZ 417  BSSBZ  UP "$  QPXFS BOE data for Hyderabad taken from the project report of
feeds it into the main electricity grid. In case of grid 4PMBS &OFSHZ $FOUSF ./3&  *OEJBO .FUFPSPMPHJDBM
failure RTS plant shall be disconnected from the grid. Department. The data coverage period is from 1986 to
5IFNFBO()*FYQPTVSFWBSJFTGSPNL8IN 2 /
5IF EBZ UJNF QPXFS SFRVJSFNFOU PO OPOXPSLJOH day in the month of August to 6.91KWh / m 2 / day in the
days is almost nil, i.e., about one third of the year, NPOUIPG"QSJM$POTJEFSJOHBOFGGJDJFODZPG17NPEVMF
UIF QMBOU XJMM CF QSBDUJDBMMZ PGGMPBE5P BWPJE BMNPTU at 15.9%, the annual energy generation is estimated as
30% of the plant output) this wastage and also to 9,87,995 KWH.
GJOBODJBMMZ CFOFGJU GSPN FYQPSUJOH UIJT TVSQMVT FOFSHZ 
OFUNFUFSJOH BHSFFNFOU IBT CFFO FTUBCMJTIFE XJUI For the purpose of payback calculation, the annual
Telangana State Southern Power Distribution Company FOFSHZ HFOFSBUJPO JT UBLFO BT    ,8) &OFSHZ
Limited (TSSPDCL). BWBJMBCMF GPS FYQPSU UP 5441%$- TIBMM CF  PG UIF
annual generation and will be at about 300 MWH. So
Sufficient shadow free roof top area that is required for UIFQSPKFDUDPTUQBZCBDLJTFYQFDUFEUPCFDPNQMFUFE
installation of solar module at 10 sq.M per KWp is about in 7 years.

Schematic of proposed system

Contributor: V Balaji Rao

94
Support Groups

Knowledge Sharing through National Knowledge Resource


Consortium (NKRC)

R Vijaya Chandar, Technical Information Centre vijay_ravula@arci.res.in

Formed in the year 2008, National Knowledge Resource access to over 8500 journals including the journals
Consortium (NKRC) is a joint venture of libraries in various independently subscribed by the Laboratories. In
Laboratories under CSIR ad DST, with the objective of addition to subscribed content, it also provides access to
providing information services to the scientific and over 23000 open access journals. Using ‘Journal Finder’
technical community of those Laboratories. (Fig. 2) option, users can browse/find journals of their
choice. It also has an online ‘Live Chat’ facility that is of
The Technical Information Centre (TIC) at ARCI has been immense help for to Users, who can report to the Live
TVCTDSJCJOH XPSME DMBTT FKPVSOBMT JO UIF DPSF BSFBT PG $IBU FYFDVUJWFT BCPVU UIF EJGGJDVMUJFT JO BDDFTTJOH UIF
ARCI’s interest to keep scientists abreast of the latest tool or any other relevant issue, and a solution will be
developments in their respective areas of research. Many provided immediately.
PG UIFTF FKPVSOBMT BSF TVCTDSJCFE UISPVHI /,3$  BOE
TPNFFTTFOUJBMFKPVSOBMTBSFTVCTDSJCFEJOEJWJEVBMMZCZ 5IF +(BUF!/,3$ JOUFSGBDF NBOBHFT UIF *OUFS -JCSBSZ
TIC where there is no support from NKRC. -PBO FNBJM SFRVFTUT GPS BSUJDMFT UIBU BSF OPU EJSFDUMZ
accessible online and are available only in individual
Due to the escalating price rises by the publishers of member laboratories of NKRC. Requested articles can
journals in Science/Technology/Medicine (STM), it is not be sent by post or online. By post, the requested articles
QPTTJCMF UP TVCTDSJCF UP BMM UIF JNQPSUBOU FSFTPVSDFT are delivered to the Nodal Officer of the requesting
that are needed by the members of individual labs. laboratory, and the request status is then updated in
Further, information on journal articles needed by our UIF %PDVNFOU %FMJWFSZ 5SBDLFS NPEVMF PG +(BUF BOE
users and available in other member Laboratories is not BOBVUPNBUJDFNBJMJTUIFOHFOFSBUFEUPUIFSFRVFTUFS
easy to obtain. Also, procuring the desired articles via and the Nodal Officer of that laboratory. The requested
FNBJMJTBUJNFUBLJOHQSPDFTT BSUJDMF DBO BMTP CF EFMJWFSFE EJSFDUMZ WJB FNBJM UP UIF
Scientist who requested it, and the request status is
5P PWFSDPNF UIFTF QSPCMFNT UP UIF FYUFOU QPTTJCMF  automatically updated in the system. If an article is
UIF LOPXMFEHF TIBSJOH QMBUGPSN +$$$ +(BUF $VTUPN not available, then the request status is updated in
Content for Consortium) is being subscribed. JCCC for the Document Delivery Tracker as “not available”, and
/,3$JTLOPXOBT+(BUF!/,3$ IUUQTKHBUFQMVTDPN BO BVUPNBUJDBMMZ HFOFSBUFE FNBJM SFQPSUJOH UIF OPO
search/) and the tool is developed by M/s Informatics availability of the requested article is sent to the user
India Pvt. Ltd., which provides a single point of access and and the Nodal Officer of that Institution.
discovery to all journals subscribed by the Consortium.
Admin login facility of the tool provides features like
5IF +(BUF!/,3$ 'JH 
 JT B WJSUVBM MJCSBSZ PG KPVSOBMT fulfilling ILL requests, addition of newly subscribed
DSFBUFEBTBDVTUPNJ[FEFKPVSOBMHBUFXBZBOEEBUBCBTF journals, addition/removal of IP addresses of respective
solution for the Consortium. It provides article level labs, etc.

Fig. 1 J-Gate Home page Fig. 2 Journal Finder

95
Events, Data and Statistics

96
Events, Data and Statistics

Major Events
Jayanthi Celebrations
ARCI celebrated Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Jayanthi and Dr. Babu
Jagjivan Ram Jayanthi on April 14, 2016. On this occasion,
NFNCFST PG "3$*hT 4$45 &NQMPZFFT 8FMGBSF "TTPDJBUJPO
paid floral tributes to Dr. B. R. Ambedkar at ARCI and also at
Tank Bund, Hyderabad.

Shri Homenidhi Sharma, Senior Managar (A&P, O.L), BDL conducting workshop
on"Noteworthy things in Scientific & Technical writing"

Floral tributes to Dr. BR Ambedkar and Dr. Babu Jagjivan Ram

Independence Day
ARCI celebrated Independence Day on August 15, 2016. Dr. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj handing over the certificate to Ms. V Uma
T. Narasinga Rao, Associate Director hoisted the National during the Hindi week celebrations
Flag and addressed the gathering.
has been successful in the implementation and progressive
Annual Medical Check-up
use of Hindi at ARCI. Quarterly performance reports
"OOVBM.FEJDBM$IFDLVQQSPHSBNNFGPS"3$*FNQMPZFFT on Hindi were sent to DST as well as to the Department
GPS UIF ZFBS  XBT PSHBOJ[FE EVSJOH 4FQUFNCFS  PG 0óDJBM -BOHVBHF %0-
 3FHJPOBM *NQMFNFOUBUJPO
23, 2016. Medical tests were conducted for employees 0óDF 4PVUI
 " DPQZ JT TFOU UP 5PXO 0óDJBM -BOHVBHF
categorized under two age groups i.e. below and above 45 Implementation Committee (TOLIC) and also to the D.O.L.,
ZFBSTPGBHF4QFDJBMUFTUTTVDIBT%&DIP -JWFSGVODUJPO Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India for review. During
tests etc., were conducted for employees above 45 years of UIF ZFBS   "3$* JTTVFE  MFUUFST JO CJMJOHVBM
age. Ultrasound scan, Pap smear tests were also conducted form and surpassed the target set by the D.O.L, Ministry
for the benefit of various women employees of ARCI. of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, and received appreciation
from DST, in its review, for its achievement. ARCI also
Official Language (Hindi) Implementation at received “Karyalaya Jyothi Smrithi” award from Rajbasha
Sansthan, New Delhi for its contributions towards the use
ARCI
of Hindi. To propagate the use of Hindi in a better manner,
5IF 0óDJBM -BOHVBHF *NQMFNFOUBUJPO $PNNJUUFF 0-*$
 ARCI conducted Hindi workshops on a quarterly basis
under the chairmanship of Dr. G. Padmanabham, Director, for its employees as well as to the nominated research

Employees and Students at the Hindi week celebrations

97
Events, Data and Statistics

ARCI received “Karyalaya Jyothi Smrithi” award from Rajbasha Sansthan, New Delhi Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI administered the pledge and Dr. R Vijay, Vigilance
for its contributions towards the use of Hindi Officer read the messages by the President, the Prime Minister and the CVC

students. ARCI has also been imparting Training in Hindi Institute, Hyderabad on November 04, 2016. The lectures
UP JUT &NQMPZFFT VOEFS UIF )JOEJ 5FBDIJOH 4DIFNF BOE were attended by quite a large number of employees
has trained many employees in Prabodh, Praveen and as well as students. On this occasion, the Photographs/
Pragya levels. Meritorious employees received cash awards posters etc., on vigilance awareness were displayed in
as per norms. To encourage employees to carry out their Administrative Building.
PóDJBMXPSLJO)JOEJ DBTICBTFEJODFOUJWFTDIFNFJTBMTP
introduced during this year. Rashtriya Ekta Diwas
ARCI conducted internal OLIC meeting on a quarterly basis 5IFCJSUIBOOJWFSTBSZPG4ISJ4BSEBS7BMMBCICIBJ1BUFMXBT
to review the progressive implementation of Hindi at ARCI PCTFSWFEBTi3BTIUSJZB&LUB%JXBT /BUJPOBM6OJUZ%BZ
wPO
and the minutes of the meeting were sent to DST. ARCI October 31, 2016 at ARCI. Dr. G. Padmanabham, Director
celebrated Hindi Week during September 14 to 20, 2016. "3$* BENJOJTUFSFE 3BTIUSJZB &LUB %JXBT QMFEHF UP BMM UIF
As part of Hindi Week celebrations, various programmes employees, project staff and students.
and competitions like quiz, elocution, noting & drafting,
essay writing, hand writing, translation, typing and Annual Day
scrabble in Hindi were conducted and the winners were
HJWFO QSJ[FT  " MFDUVSF PO UIF i0óDJBM -BOHVBHF 1PMJDZ ARCI celebrated its 20th Annual Day on December 31,
 3FTQPOTJCJMJUZ GPS $FOUSBM (PWFSONFOU &NQMPZFFT JO 2016. On this occasion, Dr. G. Ravi Chandra, Convener,
0óDJBM-BOHVBHF*NQMFNFOUBUJPOwXBTEFMJWFSFECZ%S4 Annual Day Committee welcomed the gathering. Dr. G.
R. Yadav, Assistant Director, Central Research Institute for Padmanabham, Director, ARCI in his address detailed
Dry Land Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad. Shri Awadhnath about various activities and emphasized the major
3PZ  GPSNFS 'JOBODF  "DDPVOUT 0óDFS o "DDPVOUBOU achievements of ARCI during the year. Dr. T. Narasinga Rao,
(FOFSBM0óDF )ZEFSBCBEDPOEVDUFEBRVJ[DPNQFUJUJPO Associate Director and Dr. Roy Johnson, Associate Director
All the nominated employees and research students BMTPBEESFTTFEUIFHBUIFSJOH7BSJPVTDVMUVSBMFWFOUTXFSF
actively participated in the Hindi Week celebrations which organized as part of the Annual Day Celebrations and many
concluded on September 20, 2016. employees actively participated in these events alongwith
their children and family members. Prizes were distributed
Vigilance Awareness Week
7JHJMBODF "XBSFOFTT 8FFL XBT PCTFSWFE BU "3$* GSPN
October 31, 2016 to November 05, 2016. For this occasion,
the theme that was chosen this year was “Public Participation
JO 1SPNPUJOH *OUFHSJUZ BOE &SBEJDBUJOH $PSSVQUJPOw  %S (
1BENBOBCIBN  %JSFDUPS"3$* BENJOJTUFSFE UIF QMFEHF UP
all the employees and the messages by the President, the
1SJNF.JOJTUFSBOEUIF$FOUSBM7JHJMBODF$PNNJTTJPOFSXFSF
SFBEPVUCZ%S37JKBZ 4DJFOUJTUi'w7JHJMBODF0óDFS"3$*

"T QBSU PG UIF 7JHJMBODF "XBSFOFTT 8FFL  .S %FFQBL


Srivastava, IFS, Chief Conservator of Forests, Tamil Nadu
(PWFSONFOU EFMJWFSFE B MFDUVSF POi&JOJUJBUJWF GPS CFUUFS
7JHJMBODFw PO /PWFNCFS    "OPUIFS MFDUVSF PO
i1VSDIBTF 1SPDFEVSFT BOE 1SFWFOUJWF7JHJMBODF .FBTVSFTw
Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI addressing the gathering
was delivered by Shri S. Gnanaprakasam, Chief Controller
on the occasion of ARCI Annual Day celebrations
PG4UPSFT1VSDIBTF $4*3/BUJPOBM(FPQIZTJDBM3FTFBSDI

98
Events, Data and Statistics

Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI administered the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas pledge to all the Employees, Project staff and Students

to winners of all activities. The celebrations concluded with ARCI Internal Complaints Committee (AICC)
WPUFPGUIBOLTCZ.S44VEIBLBSB4BSNB 4DJFOUJTUh%h
ARCI Internal Complaints Committee (AICC) has been
Republic Day BDUJWFMZJOWPMWFEJOQSPNPUJOHBXBSFOFTTSFHBSEJOH4FYVBM
Harassment of Women at Workplace. Bilingual awareness
Republic Day was celebrated at ARCI on January 26, posters were placed at prominent locations in ARCI
2017. Dr. G. Padmanabham, Director hoisted the National Hyderabad and Chennai campuses and timely awareness
Flag and addressed the gathering on the occasion. Dr. T. is created among the newly joined research fellows/project
Narasinga Rao and Dr. Roy Johnson, Associate Directors students and trainees. ARCI celebrated International
also addressed the gathering. 8PNFOhT%BZPO.BSDI  1SPG(ZBONVESB )FBE
Human Resource Development, National Institute of Rural
National Safety Week Development & Panchayati Raj, Hyderabad delivered
B MFDUVSF PO i&NPUJPOBM *OUFMMJHFODF BU 8PSL 1MBDFw  "MM
"3$* PCTFSWFE /BUJPOBM 4BGFUZ 8FFL EVSJOH .BSDI  the women employees, Research Fellows/students and
12, 2017. As part of 46th National Safety Day celebrations, employees attended the programme.
.S 4 ,BMZBOBSBNBO  4FDVSJUZ  'JSF  4BGFUZ 0óDFS
welcomed all the employees, students and administered In-house Training Programme
the Safety Pledge. Dr. Roy Johnson, Associate Director
and Chairman, Safety Committee, ARCI in his inaugural "3$* PSHBOJ[FE  EBZT JOIPVTF USBJOJOH QSPHSBNNF PO
address emphasized on various steps being taken for i-FBEFSTIJQ&YDFMMFODFUISPVHI&òFDUJWF$PNNVOJDBUJPOw
proper implementation of safety aspects at ARCI. Dr. G. EVSJOH .BSDI     %S 3PTIBO -BM 3BJOB  GPSNFS
Padmanabham, Director, ARCI and Dr. T. Narasinga Rao, Senior Professor, Indian Institute of Management (IIM),
Associate Director also addressed the gathering. A series -VDLOPX BOE DVSSFOUMZ 7JDF $IBODFMMPS  +, -BLTINJQBU
of lectures were arranged for the benefit of employees and University, Ajmer conducted the programme, which
students on safety aspects. Dr. Sadhana S. Rayalu, Professor DPWFSFE UPQJDT TVDI BT o5IF BSU BOE TDJFODF PG FòFDUJWF
$IJFG4DJFOUJTU)FBE /&&3* /BHQVSBOE%S:4SJOJWBTB communication, interpersonal and group skills, decision
Rao, Scientist “F” delivered lectures on “Safety, Health and making and analysis, leadership communication, the art of
&OWJSPONFOU JTTVFT SFMBUFE UP /BOPUFDIOPMPHZw BOE PO kinesthetic speaking, leading change, effective speech and
i4BGFUZ"3$*1FSTQFDUJWFwSFTQFDUJWFMZ persuasion and cross cultural issues in communication.

Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI with Dr. Sadhana S Rayalu and participants during the National Safety week celebrations

99
Events, Data and Statistics

Prof. Gyanmudra with Director, Associate Directors and participants on the occasion of International Womens' Day Celebrations at ARCI

Conference/Workshops/Symposia Organized
by ARCI

t %S(1BENBOBCIBN  %JSFDUPS  "3$* XBT UIF $IBJSNBO


of ‘International Institute of Welding 6th Welding
Research and Collaboration Colloquium’ organized
CZ **8 GPVOEBUJPO BU )ZEFSBCBE EVSJOH "QSJM 
2016.

t "3$* PSHBOJ[FE UIF hInternational Conference on


Future of Indian Automotive Industry: Lasers and
Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI with Dr. Roshan Lal Raina and participants its Applications’ as a supporting program of Laser
8PSME PG 1IPUPOJDT -801
 o  IFME BU #BOHBMPSF
26 nominated scientists actively participated in the *OUFSOBUJPOBM &YIJCJUJPO $FOUFS #*&$
 #FOHBMVSV
programme. on September 21, 2016. Conference focused on
introducing laser technologies to optimize automotive
Swaach Bharat in ARCI NBOVGBDUVSJOHGPSJNQSPWJOHFóDJFODZBOERVBMJUZ

"T B QBSU PG h4XBBDI #IBSBU .JTTJPO  "3$* JOJUJBUFE OFX t *OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO $FSBNJDT  (MBTT BOE
measures to maintain a clean environment around its 3FGSBDUPSJFT  &NFSHJOH *OOPWBUJPOT $(3&*

campus. All the employees actively participated in the which is being organized along with the 80th annual
programme. ARCI also conducted special cleanliness session of Indian Ceramic Society, Indian Institute
drives at regular intervals. of Ceramics (IIC) and All India Pottery Manufactures
Association (AIPMA) in association with ARCI at IICT,
International Yoga Day )ZEFSBCBE EVSJOH %FDFNCFS    0O UIF
occasion of 80th Annual Session of Indian Ceramics,
As part of “International Yoga Day Celebrations”, a seminar
a “One Day Workshop on Advanced Ceramic
on “Modern Yoga” was organized at ARCI on June 22, 2016.
Processing and Fabrications” was organized at ARCI
.S7FOV ,BMZBO  .PUJWBUJPOBM5SBJOFS  6/*, -*'& 1WU -UE 
PO%FDFNCFS 7BSJPVT-FDUVSFTXFSFEFMJWFSFE
Hyderabad conducted the seminar which was actively
by ARCI Scientists on Advanced Ceramic Processing
attended by employees and students alike.
and Fabrication. The conference and workshop were
conducted to provide a platform for understanding
the major bottle necks in ceramic technologies and to
encourage academics to meet the current and future
challenges of the ceramic industries. There was an
overwhelming response from academia and industry
with more than 100 participants from all over the
country and abroad.

t In-House Training on Spray Coating was organized


during January 23, 2017 at ARCI, Hyderabad. Mr. P.S.
$IBOESBNBOJ GPSNFS FNQMPZFF  #&-  #BOHBMPSF

&MFDUSPDIFNJDBM 4PDJFUZ PG *OEJB  #BOHBMPSF XBT UIF
GBDVMUZ USBJOFS XIP USBJOFE UIF UFDIOJDBM PóDFST BOE
Mr. Venu Kalyan delivering a talk during International Yoga Day celebrations
UFDIOJDJBO PG $FOUSF GPS TPMHFM DPBUJOHT 5IF DSJUJDBM

100
Events, Data and Statistics

Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI, Mr. Amit K De, President, Indian Ceramic Society, Dr. Chandresh Agarwal and Dr. A. R. Raju from Indian Ceramic Society, Hyderabad Chapter and
Dr. Roy Johnson, Associate Director-ARCI with participants at Workshop on “Advanced Ceramic Processing and Fabrication”

factors affecting the quality of spray coating were mechanical characterization that has the potential
taught by the trainer during a practical session after to drive R&D efforts in the country in the broad
a lecture, briefing the theory and principles of spray area of surface engineering and automotive energy
coating. materials. In this regard, a workshop on ‘Advanced
Nanomechanical Characterization’ was organized at
"3$*  )ZEFSBCBE EVSJOH .BSDI    *OWJUFE
UBMLT XFSF EFMJWFSFE CZ XPSME SFOPXOFE FYQFSUT JO
UIF öFME PG OBOPNFDIBOJDBM DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOo%S
Warren Oliver (Nanomechanics Inc), Prof. George Pharr
5FYBT ". 6OJWFSTJUZ
 1SPG &SJL )FSCFSU .JDIJHBO
5FDIOPMPHJDBM 6OJWFSTJUZ
 BOE 1SPG 7JLSBN +BZBSBN
(IISc). The workshop was attended by more than 50
participants comprising of faculty, researchers and
students from various IITs and R&D laboratories of the
country. Live demonstration was done to showcase the
state of the art facilities at the joint centre for advanced
nanomechanical characterization (ANCC). There was
Mr P. S. Chandramani providing hands-on training on spray painting
to the staff at the Centre BO FYDFMMFOU SFTQPOTF UP UIF UBMLT BOE EFNPOTUSBUJPO
and a good platform has been created for future
collaborations and potential sale of equipment
t Workshop on 'Advanced Nanomechanical through the joint centre.
Characterization’
t Technical Exposition 'ARCITechEx2017'
ARCI has recently established a Joint Demonstration
Centre for Advanced Nanomechanical Characterization ARCI celebrated 20 successful years of research,
(ANCC) in collaboration with Nanomechanics Inc., development and technology transfer in the field of
USA. to develop novel nanomechanical testing NBUFSJBMT BOE QSPDFTTFT UISPVHI i"3$*5FDI&Yw
methodologies. The unique facilities established at EVSJOH'FCSVBSZ BU"3$*$BNQVT #BMBQVS 
the joint centre enables ARCI to drive fundamental )ZEFSBCBE 5IF PCKFDUJWF PG UIF i"3$*5FDI&Yw
and applied research in the area of small scale was to showcase ARCI’s technologies. This platform

Dr. Warren Oliver, Prof. George Pharr, Prof. Erik Herbert, Prof. Vikram Jayaram, Prof. G Sundararajan with Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI
and other participants during the workshop

101
Events, Data and Statistics

XBT BMTP VTFE UP FYQMPSF CVTJOFTT PQQPSUVOJUJFT possible collaborations/technology transfers are being
with technologies developed at ARCI in the fields of pursued. Level of readiness of R & D programmes of
materials and manufacturing, specifically in the areas interest shall be assessed and then, mutually rewarding
of surface engineering and fuel cell technology. engagement model shall be negotiated to move
forward in this regard.
5IF 5FDIOPMPHZ FYQPTJUJPO "3$* 5FDI&Y 
 XBT
inaugurated by the Chief Guest, Hon’ble Minister of The event was attended by more than 500 delegates
4UBUFGPS45BOE&BSUI4DJFODFT (PWUPG*OEJB %S:4 JODMVEJOH HPWFSONFOU PóDJBMT TDJFOUJTUT BOE
Chowdary. Dr. G. Satheesh Reddy, Scientific Advisor technologists from industry, R&D organizations and
to Raksha Mantri and Director General, Missiles and BDBEFNJDJOTUJUVUJPOT&OUSFQSFOFVSTBOESFQSFTFOUBUJWFT
Strategic Systems graced the occasion as a Guest of from 97 industrial organizations looking for new
Honour. The event also included panel discussions technologies, solutions and technology based business
PO i.BUFSJBMT BOE .BOVGBDUVSJOH 5FDIOPMPHJFT o opportunities could effectively utilize this event. About
Future Perspectives”, by eminent scientists and 175 engineering and science students attended Science
technocrats. The deliberations provided a unique %BZ-FDUVSFTBOEWJTJUFEUFDIOPMPHZFYQPTJUJPO
platform to understand the national and global status
of the materials and manufacturing technologies
and provided directions to evolve relevant research
vision in the area. Business opportunity workshops on
4VSGBDF&OHJOFFSJOHBOE'VFM$FMM5FDIOPMPHJFT SFBM
life demonstration of the technologies and interactions
with the scientists were also the major attraction of the
FWFOU &MBCPSBUF 4DJFODF EBZ DFMFCSBUJPOT XFSF BMTP
organized on February 28, with lectures by eminent
TDJFOUJTUT1SPG13BNB3BPBOE1SPG743BNB.VSUIZ
oCPUIGPSNFSTFDSFUBSJFTUPUIF(PWFSONFOUPG*OEJBo
DST. The Science Day lectures were focused to motivate
science and engineering students towards research.
Dr. Y S Chowdary, Hon’ble Minister of State for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences
5IF5FDIOPMPHZ &YQPTJUJPO JODMVEFE TUBMMT PO FBDI PG inaugurating ARCI TechEx 2017
the ARCI’s thrust areas, technology transfer modalities/
process and characterization facilities along with ARCI’s
collaborators for Joint development/demonstration
[Zoz GmbH Germany, Nanomechanics Inc. USA, SLM
Solutions Singapore/ Design Tech Systems Pune,
)VMJLLBM &MFDUSP *OEJB
>  "3$* UFDIOPMPHZ SFDFJWFST
4BJ 4VSGBDF $PBUJOH 5FDIOPMPHJFT  )ZEFSBCBE  3FTJM
$IFNJDBMT 1WU -UE o #BOHBMPSF  4PXCBM "FSPUIFSNJDT
 4FDVOEFSBCBE  $BQSJ $BCMFT 1SJWBUF -JNJUFE 
)ZEFSBCBE  'BMDPO (SBQIJUF *OEVTUSJFT  )ZEFSBCBE

5FDIOPMPHZ USBOTGFS FOBCMJOH BHFODJFT /3%$  /FX
%FMIJ  $**"OEISB 1SBEFTI 5FDIOPMPHZ %FWFMPQNFOU
BOE 1SPNPUJPO $FOUSF $**"15%$
 J# )VCT
 BMTP
TIPXDBTFE UIFJS DBQBCJMJUZ &ORVJSJFT SFDFJWFE GPS Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI welcoming the august gathering
at ARCI TechEx 2017

Dr. G Satheesh Reddy, Scientific Advisor to Raksha Mantri and Director General, Missiles Dr. Y S Chowdary, inaugurating the ARCI Brochure
and Strategic Systems, Guest of Honour, addressing the gathering at the ARCI TechEx 2017

102
Events, Data and Statistics

Dr. Y S Chowdary Falicitating Prof. P Rama Rao Dr. Y S Chowdary Falicitating Prof. G Sundararajan
during ARCI TechEx 2017 during ARCI TechEx 2017

Dr. Y S Chowdary Falicitating Prof. V S Ramamurthy Dr. Y S Chowdary, inaugurating the Technical Exhibiton Stalls
during ARCI TechEx 2017 at the ARCI TechEx 2017

Dr. Tata Narasinga Rao with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Nanomaterials Stall Dr. Roy Johnson with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Ceramic Materials Stall
during ARCI TechEx 2017 during ARCI TechEx 2017

Dr. Y S Chowdary at Technology Receiver Stall Dr. N Rajalakshmi with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Fuel Cell Technology Stall
on Ceramic Honeycomb based Air Heaters during ARCI TechEx 2017

103
Events, Data and Statistics

Dr. R Prakash with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Automotive Energy Materials Stall Mr. D Srinivasa Rao with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Engineered Coatings Stall
during ARCI TechEx 2017 during ARCI TechEx 2017

Dr. Y S Chowdary at Technology Receiver Stall Dr. G Padmanabham with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Laser Processing of Materials Stall
on Surface Coating Technologies during ARCI TechEx 2017

Dr. B P Saha with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Non-Oxide Ceramics Stall Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Technology Acquisition, Transfer and
during ARCI TechEx 2017 International Cooperation Stall during ARCI TechEx 2017

Dr. P K Jain with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Carbon Materials Stall Dr. R Subasri with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Sol-gel Coatings Stall
during ARCI TechEx 2017 during ARCI TechEx 2017

104
Events, Data and Statistics

Dr. G Ravichandra with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Materials Characterization and Testing Dr. S Sakthivel with Dr. Y S Chowdary at the Solar Energy Materials
Stall during ARCI TechEx 2017 Stall during ARCI TechEx 2017

Dr. Y S Chowdary planting a sapling at the new Engineered Coating Facility Dr. Y S Chowdary, Dr. G Satheesh Reddy and Dr. G Padmanabham after inaugurating the
during ARCI TechEx 2017 Additive Manufacturing Facility during ARCI TechEx 2017

Eminent Scientists and Technocrats during the Panel Discussion on “Materials and Prof. P Rama Rao, Former Secretary to Govt. of India, delivering the National Science
Manufacturing Technologies – Future Perspectives”, at the ARCI TechEx 2017 Day Lecture on 28th February, 2017 during ARCI TechEx 2017

Dr. R Gopalan, Associate Director-ARCI honouring the members of Prof. V S Ramamurthy, Former Secretary to Govt. of India, delivering the
Discussion Panel at the ARCI TechEx 2017 National Science Day Lecture on 28th February, 2017 during ARCI TechEx 2017

105
Events, Data and Statistics

Human Resource Development Recognition of ARCI as an External Centre for


Carrying Out Ph.D. Research
ARCI-IIT Fellowship Programme
(a) ARCI has entered into a Memorandum of
ARCI continues to sponsor fellowship programmes at Indian
Understanding (MoU) with Deakin University,
*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZ **5
o#PNCBZ **5)ZEFSBCBEBOE**5
Australia for carrying out collaborative research and
.BESBT"TBQBSUPG"3$*o**5'FMMPXTIJQT "3$*TVQQPSUTUIF
development projects in the areas of New Generation
doctoral work of talented students selected as ARCI Fellows
4PMBS $FMMT &OFSHZ
 BOE -BTFS "TTJTUFE "EEJUJWF
to work in the areas of immediate interest to ARCI under
Manufacturing Techniques (Additive Manufacturing)
UIFFYQFSUHVJEBODFPGBOJEFOUJöFE'BDVMUZNFNCFS"3$*
leading to Ph.D. programmes.
support includes stipend, procurement of consumables
and essential equipment. After successful completion of (b) Apart from the above, the following Indian academic
the programme, the ARCI Fellow shall be awarded a Ph.D. JOTUJUVUJPOTSFDPHOJ[FE"3$*BTBO&YUFSOBM$FOUSFGPS
degree by the respective academic institutions. carrying out Ph.D (Research). Accordingly, interested
ARCI employees, Project Scientists and Research
5IFTUBUVTPGQSPKFDUTCFJOHVOEFSUBLFOJTBTGPMMPXT
Fellows are encouraged to register for Ph.D. (as per
Name VOJWFSTJUZOPSNT
BUUIF*OTUJUVUF6OJWFSTJUZ
Collaborating Date of
Project of the Status
Institute admission
Fellow *OEJBO*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZo#PNCBZ
Study and Design of IIT - Madras Deepak 01.08.2012 Ongoing *OEJBO*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZo,IBSBHQVS
Stable and Highly Kumar *OEJBO*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZo,BOQVS
Efficient Copper
Zinc Tin Sulphide *OEJBO*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZo)ZEFSBCBE
(CZTS) Thin Film *OEJBO*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZo.BESBT
Photovoltaics
prepared by /BUJPOBM*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZo8BSBOHBM
DC Magnetron /BUJPOBM*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZo5JSVDIJSBQQBMMJ
Sputtering
7JTWFTWBSBZB/BUJPOBM*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZo
Nagpur
Post Doctoral Fellows, Research Scholars,
6OJWFSTJUZPG)ZEFSBCBE $FOUSBM6OJWFSTJUZ
o
Senior/Junior Research Fellows, Post Graduate/
Hyderabad
Graduate Trainees and M.Tech/ B.Tech./M.Sc.
"OEISB6OJWFSTJUZo7JTBLIBQBUOBN
Project Students joined during the year at ARCI
DST-Inspire Faculty 01 List of Research Fellows Who Completed Ph.D.
Post-Doctoral Fellows/ Research Scholars 04
during the Year 2016-17
DST-Women Scientist –A (WOS-A) 02 Name of the
Registered
Student Topic Status
Senior Research Fellows 02 at
(Mr./Ms.)
Junior Research Fellows 04 Nanaji Islavath* Seed Layer Assisted University Completed
Solution Growth of
Post Graduate Trainees 18 of Aligned ZnO Hyderabad
Nanostructure Arrays for (UoH)
Graduate and Diploma Trainees 23
Electron Transport Layer
M.Tech Project Students 37 in Dye and Perovskite
Solar Cells.
B.Tech./M.Sc.Project Students 16
* full time student of University of Hyderabad, carried out complete research
Summer Research Programme 47
work at ARCI.

Project Scientists/Research Fellows Whose Ph.D. is Ongoing During the Year


List of Project Scientists (as per date of Ph.D. registration

Sl. No. Name of the Student Mr./Ms. Ph.D Topic Ph.D Registered at

01. Amol C. Badgujar Development of CIGS Solar Cells. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

02. Sumit Ranjan Sahu Synthesis of Carbon nanohorns based Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Battery

03. Ravi Gautam Microstructure- Magnetic Properties Correlation of Fe-P based Soft Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Magnetic Material

04. Kumari Konda Optimization of Electrode Coatings for Li-Ion Batteries Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

05. S. Vasu Structure Properties Correlation of Layered Oxide & Lithium-Rich Layered Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Oxide Materials for Battery Applications

106
Events, Data and Statistics

Sl. No. Name of the Student Mr./Ms. Ph.D Topic Ph.D Registered at
06. Srinivasa Rao Atchuta Development of Stable Selective Solar Absorber Coating for Concentrated Academy of Scientific & Innovative
Solar Thermal Application. Research (AcSIR)-National Aerospace
Laboratories (NAL)
07. Vallabharao Rikka Investigation on Ageing Mechanism of LiFePO4 electrodes lithium ion cell Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

08. Muni Bhaskar Siva kumar Effect of Grain Boundary Diffusion on Magnetic Properties in Nd-Fe-B Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Magnets.

Research Fellows (as per date of Ph.D. registration)

Sl. No. Name of the Student Mr./Ms. Ph.D Topic Ph.D Registered at

01. M. Nagini Effect of Milling on Microstructural Evolution in Nano ODS-18Cr Ferritic University of Hyderabad
Steel and the Resultant Mechanical, Corrosion and Oxidation Properties

02. Bolla Reddy Spherical Indentation Behaviour of Porous Copper and PED Multilayered Indian Institute of Technology,
Nickel Coating Hyderabad

03. Puneet Chandran Design and Development of Hard Protective Coatings for Cutting Tools National Institute of Technology,
used in Machining of difficult to Machine Materials Warangal

04. N.S. Anas The Effect of Carbon Nanotubes Dispersion on the Microstructure and University of Hyderabad
Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys

05. L. Subashini Laser- Arc Hybrid Welding of Special Steels University of Hyderabad

06. E. Hari Mohan Development of Nanostructured Electrodes for High Energy Density Li-S National Institute of Technology,
Battery Warangal

07. P. Tejassvi Electrospun Nanomaterials for Lithium-ion/Li-S Batteries National Institute of Technology,
Warangal

08. V.V.N. Phani Kumar Low cost Aqueous Binders for the Applications of Li-Ion Batteries National Institute of Technology,
Warangal
09. Anusree Unnikrishnan Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: Impurity Studies-Experimental & Indian Institute of Technology,
Modelling Investigations Hyderabad

10. J.A. Prithi Cathode Materials for Improved PEMFC Performance and Impurity Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Tolerance

11. N. Manjula Studies on The Aspects Of Depolarized Electrolysis For Hydrogen National Institute of Technology,
Generation Warangal

12. T. Ramesh Activated Carbon For Energy Storage National Institute of Technology,
Warangal

13. K. Nanaji Development of Nanoporous Carbon Electrode Materials for Energy Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Storage Applications

14. S. Bhuvaneswari Structure, Morphology and Electrochemical Performance Correlation in Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Metal Doped Spinel (Li MxMn2-xO4) (M = Transition Metals) as Li-Ion Battery
Cathode Materials

15. P.M. Pratheeksha Development of Nanostructured Electrodes for high Energy Density National Institute of Technology,
Lithium Ion Battery applications Warangal

16. VV Ramakrishna Microstructure -Magnetic Property Correlation in Permanent Magnets National Institute of Technology,
Thiruchirappalli

17. N. Sasikala Structure and Electrochemical Property Correlation of Ni-Rich Cathode Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Materials

18. S. Harish Design, Development, Performance Evolution and Optimization of Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Engineering Parameters of Thermoelectric Generator System

19. Imran Karajagi Studies on Development of Metal-Air Batteries Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

20. S. Manasa Nanoclay based Self-healing, Corrosion Protection Coatings on Aluminum National Institute of Technology,
Alloys Warangal
21. Boosagulla Divya Fabrication of Solar Cell Photovoltaic Energy System using Pulsed- National Institute of Technology,
electrodeposited CIGS Absorber layer under n-type CdS Semiconductor Warangal
Film Window.

22. Mitravinda Tadepalli Development of Biomass derived Nanoporous Carbons for Super Indian Institute of Technology,
capacitor Application. Hyderabad

107
Events, Data and Statistics

Sl. No. Name of the Student Mr./Ms. Ph.D Topic Ph.D Registered at

23. Brijesh Singh Yadav Development and detailed Investigation of Chalcopyrite CIGS Absorber Indian Institute of Technology,
Layer Hyderabad

24. B. Jayachandran Interface Engineering of High Temperature Thermoelectric Materials Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
and its Effect on Thermoelectric Device Performance.
25. M. Shiva Prasad Development of Solar Selective Absorber Coatings for Concentrated National Institute of Technology,
Solar Power Application. Warangal
26. B. Priyadarshini Structural and Thermoelectric Properties Correlation on Zn4Sb3 and National Institute of Technology,
Mg2Si Thiruchirappalli
27. Mohd Aqeel Suitability of Laser Hybrid Welding Process for Advanced Ultra Super University of Hyderabad
Critical (A-USC) Boiler Application (INCONEL-617)

28. Shaik Mubina Processing and Characterization of Fibre Reinforced SiC Composites National Institute of Technology,
Warangal

29. Yarlagadda Madhavi Influence of Process Parameters on Properties and Performance of Micro National Institute of Technology,
Arc Oxidation Coatings Warangal

30. Swapnil Hanmant Adsul Nanoclay-based Self-healing Corrosion Protection Coatings on National Institute of Technology,
Magnesium Alloy Warangal
31. Keerthi Sanghamitra Study of Thermo-Physical Properties of Aerogel Products for Thermal National Institute of Technology,
Kollipara Insulation Applications Warangal

32. Adigilli Harish Kumar 2D-Nanolayered WS2 based Self-lubricating Composites. National Institute of Technology,
Warangal

33. E. Anusha Control of Heat Input in Laser Surface Treatment Process National Institute of Technology,
Warangal

Appointments Resignations
ARCI has added the following employee to its fold to take up 5IFGPMMPXJOHFNQMPZFFTSFTJHOFEEVSJOHUIFZFBS
WBSJFESFTQPOTJCJMJUJFT
Employee Name Designation Date of Joining Employee Name Designation Held Date of Relieving

Dr. P. Sudharshan Phani Scientist “E” 21.04.2016


Shakti Prakash Mishra Scientist “E” 13.07.2016
Dr. G. Padmanabham Director* 07.10.2016
* on deputation basis for a period of 5 years from the date of assumption of Dr. Sathiya Mariyappan Scientist (Contract) 09.08.2016
charge of the post.

Promotions
"3$*IBTCFFOGPMMPXJOHJUTFYJTUJOHBTTFTTNFOUBOEQSPNPUJPOQPMJDZTJODFUIFZFBS"TQFSUIFQPMJDZ BTTFTTNFOUT
XFSFDBSSJFEPVUGPSBMMFMJHJCMFFNQMPZFFTBOEUIFGPMMPXJOHXFSFQSPNPUFEEVSJOHUIFZFBS

Post
Name of the Promotees Effective Date
From To

T. Satyanarayana April 1, 2016 Driver “B” Driver “B” (MACP)


J. Bansilal August 1, 2016 Junior Assistant Jr. Assistant (MACP II)
Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj October 1, 2016 Scientist “E” Scientist “F”
Dr. Shanmugasundaram Sakthivel October 1, 2016 Scientist “E” Scientist “F”
N. Ravi October 1, 2016 Scientist “E” Scientist “F”
Dr. Sanjay R. Dhage October 1, 2016 Scientist “D” Scientist “E”
Dr. Nitin P. Wasekar October 1, 2016 Scientist “D” Scientist “E”
Dr. Dibyendu Chakravarty October 1, 2016 Scientist “D” Scientist “E”
R. Vijaya Chandar October 1, 2016 Scientist “C” Scientist “D”
Pandu Ramavath October 1, 2016 Scientist “C” Scientist “D”
J. Revathi October 1, 2016 Scientist “C” Scientist “D”
Arun Seetharaman October 1, 2016 Scientist “C” Scientist “D”
L. Venkatesh October 1, 2016 Scientist “B” Scientist “C”
Anirban Bhattacharjee October 1, 2016 Officer “B” Officer “C”
G.M. Raj Kumar October 1, 2016 Officer “B” Officer “C”

108
Events, Data and Statistics

Post
Name of the Promotees Effective Date
From To
A. Srinivas October 1, 2016 Officer “B” Officer “C”
D. Sreenivas Reddy October 1, 2016 Technical Officer “B” Technical Officer “C”
B. Uday Kumar October 1, 2016 Officer “A” Officer “B”
P. Venugopal October 1, 2016 Officer “A” Officer “B”
E. Anbu Rasu October 1, 2016 Technical Officer “A” Technical Officer “B”
S. Sankar Ganesh October 1, 2016 Technical Officer “A” Technical Officer “B”
G. Venkat Reddy October 1, 2016 Technician “C” Technician “D”
P. Anjaiah October 1, 2016 Technician “C” Technician “D”
P. Suri Babu October 1, 2016 Technician “B” Technician “C”
Roop Singh October 1, 2016 Lab. Assistant “C” Lab. Assistant “D”
M. A. Fazal Hussain February 7, 2017 Driver "B" Driver "B" (MACP)

Visit by Students and Faculty to ARCI  #5FDI $IFNJDBM&OHJOFFSJOH


TUVEFOUTBOEGBDVMUZ
members from Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad
01. 12 M.Tech (Optoelectronics & Communications) students visited ARCI on January 05, 2017.
and faculty members from Sri Satya Sai Institute of Higher 13. 30 B.Sc (Physics) students and faculty members from CB
Learning, Puttaparti visited ARCI on April 19, 2016. ,IFEHJT#BTBWFTIXBS4DJFODF 3BKB7JKBZTJOI$PNNFSDF
  .5FDI .FUBMMVSHJDBM BOE .BUFSJBMT &OHJOFFSJOH
 & Raja Jayasinh Arts College, Solapur, Maharashtra
students and faculty members from National Institute of visited ARCI on February 08, 2017.
Technology, Warangal visited ARCI on April 25, 2016.
03. 22 M.Sc/M.Tech/Ph.D (Nano Science & Technology) Summer Research Programme
students and faculty members from University of
Agriculture Sciences, Raichure, Karnataka visited ARCI Students from IITs, NITs, IIITs, Central Universities and various
on May 26, 2016. other state and private universities from all over the country
 4DJFOUJTUTBOE&OHJOFFSTGSPN*OEJBO4QBDF3FTFBSDI XFSFTIPSUMJTUFEGPSBWBJMJOH4VNNFS3FTFBSDI1SPHSBNNF
Organization (ISRO) who participated in Administrative (SRP) at ARCI for the year 2016. 47 students who were
Staff College of India (ASCI’s)“Management Development selected for the Programme, have attended from 16th May,
Programme” visited ARCI on June 09, 2016.  GPS B QFSJPE PG  o  EBZT  5IF TFMFDUFE TUVEFOUT
05. 33 Associate & Assistant Professors from Jawaharlal initially underwent a week long orientation course so as
Nehru Technological University (JNTUH), Hyderabad to get familiar with the activities being carried out at ARCI.
who participated in “Recent Innovations in Physics” &BDITUVEFOUXBTHVJEFECZBTDJFOUJTUUPDBSSZPVUBNJOJ
visited ARCI on July 22, 2016. project. The students were issued certificates on successful
4DJFOUJTUTBOE&OHJOFFSTGSPN*430XIPQBSUJDJQBUFE completion of the programme.
in Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI’s)
“Management Development Programme” visited ARCI
on August 24, 2016.
07. 60 B.Sc (Physics) students and faculty members from
Annie Besant College, Hyderabad visited ARCI on
September 06, 2016.
08. 25 Senior Professors from engineering colleges of A.P.
who participated in Administrative Staff College of
India (ASCI’s) “Management Development Programme”
visited ARCI on September 22, 2016.
09. 25 Faculty/Research Scientists from various Government
0SHBOJ[BUJPOT XIP QBSUJDJQBUFE JO &OHJOFFSJOH 4UBò Dr. G Padmanabham, Director-ARCI with the students of
$PMMFHF PG *OEJB &4$*T
 i$SFBUJWJUZ  *OOPWBUJPO Summer Research Programme
Management in Research” visited on October 25, 2016.
 4DJFOUJTUTBOE&OHJOFFSTGSPN*430XIPQBSUJDJQBUFE
Reservations and Concessions
in Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI’s)
“Management Development Programme” visited ARCI The Reservations and Concessions for SCs/STs/OBCs and
on November 03, 2016. persons with disabilities are followed as per Government
  .5FDI /BOP 5FDIOPMPHZ  &MFDUSPOJDT
 TUVEFOUT of India orders from time to time. At ARCI, the overall
and faculty members from Jawaharlal Nehru representation of employees under SC is 17.17%, S.T is
Technological University (JNTUH), Hyderabad visited 4.29%, OBC is 25.15% and that of persons with disabilities is
ARCI on December 07, 2016. 1.84% as on March 31, 2017.

109
Events, Data and Statistics

Seminars by Indian and Foreign Visitors PG .BUFSJBMT 4DJFODF BOE &OHJOFFSJOH  3FOTTFMBFS
1PMZUFDIOJD *OTUJUVUF  64" EFMJWFSFE B MFDUVSF POi0VU
1. Dr. Sivakumar Pasupathy, Programme Manager, HySA PGUIFCPY %FTJHO PG .PMFDVMBSMZ5BJMPSFE *OPSHBOJD
Systems, University of the Westen Cape, South Africa Nanomaterials and Interfaces” on December 16, 2016.
EFMJWFSFEBMFDUVSFPO1&.#BTFE4ZTUFNGPS)ZESPHFO
15. Dr. Judy Jeevarajan, UL, Research Director, Underwriters
&OFSHZ5FDIOPMPHZPO"QSJM 
Laboratories Inc, USA, delivered a lecture on “Safety
 %S 3BNBO 7FEBSBKBO  "TTJTUBOU 1SPGFTTPS  +BQBO $IBMMFOHFT 'BDFE CZ -JUIJVN*PO .BOVGBDUVSFST BOE
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Users” on December 22, 2016.
Japan delivered a lecture on “New Methods and Materials
16. Dr. Franca Albertini, Head Magnetic Material Group,
JO&OFSHZ"QQMJDBUJPOPO"QSJM 
*.&.$/3 *UBMZEFMJWFSFEBMFDUVSFPO.BHOFUPDBMPSJD
3. Dr. Rajaesh Bashyam, Senior Research Scientist, &òFDUJO/J.O(B5IJO'JMNTPO+BOVBSZ 
Ballard Power Systems, Canada delivered a lecture on
17. Dr. Yojiro Oba, Assistant Professor, Research Reactor
“Accelerated Stress Testing Strategies to Understand
Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan, delivered a
1&.'$$BUBMZTU-BZFSwPO"QSJM 
MFDUVSF PO i1SPCJOH UIF /BOP4USVDUVSFT VTJOH 4NBMM
4. Prof. K. Hono, Director, Research Center for Magnetic Angle Scattering” on February 03, 2017.
and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials
%S 4UVBSU *8SJHIU  4FOJPS 4DJFOUJTU  &#4% (SPVQ  &%"9
Science, Japan, delivered a lecture on "Dy free high
*OD 64" EFMJWFSFEBMFDUVSFPOi"3FWJFXPG&MFDUSPO
DPFSDJWJUZ/E'F#QFSNBOFOUNBHOFUTPO+VMZ 
#BDLTDBUUFS %JòSBDUJPO " 4OBQTIPU PG UIF 1BTU BOE
5. Dr. Takuya Hasegawa, Manager, Research Planning Present” on February 15, 2017.
Department, Nissan Motor Corporation, Japan delivered
%S4BEIBOB43BZBMV 1SPGFTTPSBOE$IJFG4DJFOUJTU $4*3
BMFDUVSFPOi1&.'VFM$FMM4ZTUFNwPO+VMZ 
/&&3* /BHQVS EFMJWFSFEBMFDUVSFPOi4BGFUZ )FBMUIBOE
6. Prof. Takeaki Sakurai, Institute of Applied Physics, &OWJSPONFOUBM *TTVFT SFMBUFE UP /BOPUFDIOPMPHZ PO
University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, delivered a lecture on March 07, 2017.
“Impact of Deep Defects in Cu (In, Ga) Se2 Solar Cells” on
November 09, 2016. Indian and Foreign Visitors for Technical
7. Prof. Jyotsna Dutta Majumdar, Indian Institute of Discussion
Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, delivered a lecture on “Laser
1. Mr. Markus Puschmann, Group Leader, Process
Composite Surfacing” on November 16, 2016.
Development and Mr. Patrick Urbanek, Member, Weld
 %S*OH 7FOLBUB 4BJ ,JSBO $IBLSBWBEIBOVMB  4DJFOUJTU  Processing Group Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany delivered a and Forming Technology (IWU), Chemnitz, Germany, Dr.
lecture on "From Conventional towards In Situ Stimuli R. Wilken, Member, Weld Processing Group Fraunhofer
CBTFE $IBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG .BUFSJBMT UISPVHI 5&. PO Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced
November 28, 2016. Materials (IFAM), Bremen, Germany and Mr. Sebastin
9. Prof. Koushik Biswas, IIT Kharagpur, delivered a lecture Andreas Schulze, Group Manager, Special Joining
on “Density Functional Study on Lithium Ion Battery Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam
&MFDUSPEF.BUFSJBMTwPO%FDFNCFS  Technology (IWS), Dresden, Germany visited during April
%S ,SJTIBO - -VUISB  $IJFG .BUFSJBMT 4DJFOUJTU  (&  
Global Research, USA, delivered a lecture on “History of 2. Prof. Krishnan Balasubramanian, Dean, ICSR, IIT Madras,
%FWFMPQNFOU BOE $PNNFSDJBMJ[BUJPO PG (&T $FSBNJD 1SPG4BUJTI7,BJMBT **4D#BOHBMPSF %S(%+BOBLJSBN 
.BUSJY $PNQPTJUFT $.$T
 GPS  "JSDSBGU &OHJOFTw PO "TTPDJBUF 1SPGFTTPS  **5 .BESBT  %S /7 ,BSBOUI  4S %Z
December 05, 2016. %JSFDUPS  )FBE /7)  $"&
 "3"*  1VOF  .S 3BIVM
%S .BUUF 7FOLBUB 4JWBJBI  3FTFBSDI 'FMMPX  &OFSHFUJDT Mahajan, General Manager, Automotive Research
3FTFBSDI *OTUJUVUF &O3*
 /BOZBOH 5FDIOPMPHJDBM Association of India (ARAI), Pune and Dr Prabhu
University (NTU), Singapore, delivered a lecture on Rajagopal, Asst Professor, IIT Madras visited during April
i.BUFSJBMT GPS &OFSHZ BOE &OWJSPONFOUBM "QQMJDBUJPOTw  
on December 06, 2016. 3. Mr. Jai Pendyal, Managing Director, Diamond Tools,
1SPG #73 $IPXEBSJ  4S &YFDVUJWF %JSFDUPS  4DIPPM PG Hyderabad visited on May 19, 2016.
.BUFSJBMT4DJFODF&OHJOFFSJOH /BOZBOH5FDIOPMPHJDBM 4. Mr. B. Arunkumar, General Manager, Standard Paper &
University (NTU), Singapore, delivered a lecture on Board India (P) Ltd, Sivakasi visited on August 01, 2016.
i&OFSHZ4UPSBHF.BUFSJBMTwPO%FDFNCFS  5. Mrs. S. Bharathi, Manager (O&M), GAIL India Ltd., Noida
13. Dr. Parans Paranthaman, Distinguished Researcher & visited on August 03, 2016.
Group Leader, Materials Chemistry, Chemical Sciences  .S%IJOBLBSBO )FBE3% 574.PUPS$PNQBOZ )PTVS 
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, delivered visited on August 17, 2016.
a lecture on “Additive Manufacturing of NdFeB Bonded  %S:7JOPE ,VNBS  &OHJOFFSJOH .BOBHFS BOE %S ,76
Magnets” on December 16, 2016. 1SBWFFO  "SDIJUFDU &OHJOFFS  (& )FBMUIDBSF  #BOHBMPSF
14. Dr. Ganpati Ramanath, John Tod Horton Professor visited on September 01, 2016.

110
Events, Data and Statistics

8. Mr. Markus Ruetering, Sales Manager Asia and Germany, -BZFSFE )ZESPYJEF PO 7PMUBHF )ZTUFSFTJT PG -J/JY
Laserline GmbH, Germany visited on September 20, Z$PY"MZ02”.
2016.  %S &BTXBSBNPPSUIJ 3 WJTJUFE (FSNBOZ EVSJOH "VHVTU
 .S .JDIBFM /BHBM  ,FZ"DDPVOU.BOBHFS BOE 3FHJPOBM      GPS QSFEJTQBUDI JOTQFDUJPO BOE USBJOJOH
Sales Manager India, Laserline GmbH, Germany visited POh5IFSNBM&WBQPSBUPST*OUFHSBUFEXJUI.PEVMBS(MPWF
on September 20, 2016. #PYh

.S4SJOJWBT3BP3BUOBMB 4FOJPS&OHJOFFS (&)FBMUIDBSF  7. Dr. R. Gopalan visited Germany during August


Bangalore visited on October 07, 2016. 4FQUFNCFS    UP EFMJWFS B MFDUVSF PO -J
ion Battery, Magnets and Thermoelectric Materials
11. Dr. G.L. Samuel, Associate Professor, IIT Madras, Chennai for Automotive Applications" at Karlsruhe Institute of
visited on October 28, 2016. 5FDIOPMPHZ ,*5
 ,BSMTSVIF  EVSJOH "VHVTU   
12. Dr. Gilani Hossein and Dr. Faraz Mohammadkazem, Royal BOEUPQSFTFOUBQBQFSPOi&WPMVUJPOPG5FYUVSFJO3BSF
Life Sciences, Secunderabad visited on October 31, 2016. &BSUI1FSNBOFOU.BHOFUTwBUUIFA3BSF&BSUI1FSNBOFOU
.BHOFUT 3&1. 
 *OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF IFME BU
.S+BTIBOL+PTIJ $IJFG&YFDVUJWF0óDFS $&0
-J1PXFS 
%BSNTUBEUEVSJOH"VHVTU4FQUFNCFS 
Mumbai visited on November 30, 2016.
 %S 1 4VEIBSTIBO 1IBOJ WJTJUFE ,OPYWJMMF  64" EVSJOH
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German S&T Centre, Muhltal.
17. Mr. Tom Skoczylas, Manager, Proton Onsite, USA visited
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on March 02, 2017.
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18. Dr. Warren Oliver, President, Nanomechanics Inc., Oak h'JFME&NJTTJPO4DBOOJOH&MFDUSPO.JDSPTDPQF 4&.
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Lectures by ARCI Personnel in India
Visits Abroad
1. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on
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26, 2016 to participate in the ‘18th International 2. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on
Meeting on Lithium Batteries Conference (IMLB 2016)’ i.BOBHJOH *OUFMMFDUVBM 1SPQFSUZ 7BMVF $IBJO *17$

and made a poster presentation on “Designing and JO BO 3  % &OWJSPONFOUw BU BA4FNJOBS PO "EWBODFT
%FNPOTUSBUJOH"EWBODFE$PSF4IFMM4USVDUVSFE$BSCPO JO $IFNJDBM &OHJOFFSJOH BU $4*3*OEJBO *OTUJUVUF PG
$PBUFE&MFDUSPEF.BUFSJBMGPS)JHI1PXFS-J*PO#BUUFSZ Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad on April 06, 2016.
Application”. 3. Dr.N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture
PO i1&.'$ 5FDIOPMPHZ BU $'$5 "3$*w BU -  5
3. Mr. Naveen M. Chavan visited Milan, Italy during June 28
Constructions, Chennai on April 07, 2016.
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$POGFSFODFPO4VSGBDF.PEJöDBUJPO5FDIOPMPHJFT 4.5
“Welding and Joining Applications of Laser and Low
30)’ and presented a paper on “Cold Sprayed Copper and
&OFSHZ 1SPDFTTFTw BU UIFAUI *OUFSOBUJPOBM 8FMEJOH
$PQQFS "MVNJOVN "MMPZT *OøVFODF PG 4UBDLJOH 'BVMU
Research and Collaboration Colloquium’ held at
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)ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH"QSJM 
 %S14VEIBSTIBO1IBOJWJTJUFE(SFFDFEVSJOH+VMZ  5. Dr. R. Subasri delivered a special lecture on "Surface
2016 to participate in the ‘17th International Conference &OHJOFFSJOH UISPVHI 4PM(FM /BOPDPNQPTJUF
PO &YQFSJNFOUBM .FDIBOJDT *$&.
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a paper on “Recent Advances in High Strain Rate Nano Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai
Indentation Testing”. on April 16, 2016.
5. Dr. M.B. Sahana visited Suntec, Singapore during July 6. Dr. T.N. Rao delivered a Plenary lecture on “Recent
 UPQBSUJDJQBUFJOUIFA*OUFSOBUJPOBM6OJPOPG "EWBODFT JO /BOPNBUFSJBMTCBTFE 5FDIOPMPHJFT
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PO &MFDUSPOJD .BUFSJBMT *6.34*$&.
h BOE QSFTFOUFE $POGFSFODFPO/BOPUFDIOPMPHZ *$/"/0

B QBQFS PO i&òFDU PG $P1SFDJQJUBUJPO 1BSBNFUFST PG held at Muddenahalli, Karnataka on April 23, 2016.

111
Events, Data and Statistics

7. Dr. R. Subasri delivered an invited lecture on "Surface "QQMJDBUJPOTw BU A/BUJPOBM 'SPOUJFST PG &OHJOFFSJOH
&OHJOFFSJOH UISPVHI 4PM(FM /BOPDPNQPTJUF IFMEBU**5 ,BOQVSEVSJOH+VOF 
Coatings" at Birla Institute of Technology and Science 19. Dr. R. Gopalan delivered an invited lecture on
(BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus on April 23, 2016. i-JUIJVN*PO #BUUFSZ 1SPHSBNNF BU "3$* GPS &MFDUSJD
8. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on 7FIJDMFTw BU UIF h*OEJB &OFSHZ 4UPSBHF 5FDIOPMPHZ
i3  % UP 7FOUVSF $SFBUJPO  " $BTF 4UVEZw BOE 4VNNJUhIFMEBU/FX%FMIJPO+VOF 
i1BUFOU "OBMZTJT GPS &òFDUJWF 3  % 1MBOOJOHw BU UIF 20. Dr. G. Padmanabham delivered a keynote lecture
‘Faculty Development Programme’ held at Osmania entitled “Advanced Manufacturing Processes for
University, Hyderabad on April 26, 2016. "FSPTQBDF 3FDFOU %FWFMPQNFOUT BU "3$*w BU UIF
9. Dr. M. Buchi Suresh delivered a lecture on "Porous ‘International Conference on Advancements in
$FSBNJDT1SPDFTTJOH BOE "QQMJDBUJPOT BU UIF Aeromechanical Materials for Manufacturing
A/BUJPOBM4FNJOBSPO1PSPVT$FSBNJDThIFMEBU"OOB *$""..
IFMEBU)ZEFSBCBEPO+VMZ 
6OJWFSTJUZ $IFOOBJEVSJOH.BZ  21. Dr. R. Gopalan delivered an invited lecture on
10. Dr. D. Prabhu delivered an invited lecture on “Magnetic Materials and Applications” at the
“Introduction to Magnetism” at the ‘Summer Training h.BUFSJBMT&OHJOFFSJOHBOE"QQMJDBUJPO8PSLTIPQGPS
1SPHSBNJO1IZTJDT5BNJM/BEV"DBEFNZPG4DJFODFT 5&2514QPOTPSFE1SPHSBNNFhIFMEBU#.4$PMMFHFPG
held at University of Madras, Chennai on May 28, &OHJOFFSJOH #BOHBMPSFPO+VMZ 
2016.  %S3(PQBMBOEFMJWFSFEBOJOWJUFEMFDUVSFPOi&OFSHZ
11. Dr. R. Gopalan delivered an invited lecture on Materials for Sustainable Transportation” at the
i%"1 BOE 5&. 1PXFSGVM $PNQMFNFOUBSZ 5PPMT UP h*OUFSOBUJPOBM$POGFSFODFPO.BUFSJBMTGPS4VTUBJOBCMF
6OEFSTUBOE.JDSPTUSVDUVSF.JDSPDIFNJTUSZ1SPQFSUZ 'VUVSFhIFMEBU4BTUSB6OJWFSTJUZ 5IBOKBWVSPO+VMZ 
$PSSFMBUJPOJO'VODUJPOBM.BUFSJBMTwBU&.4*NFFUJOH 2016.
IFMEBU7BSBOBTJPO+VOF  23. Mr. D. Srinivasa Rao delivered an invited lecture on
12. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on i4VSGBDF &OHJOFFSJOH "O &TTFOUJBM "QQSPBDI GPS
"Assessing Intellectual Property" and "Deriving .PEFSO &OHJOFFSJOHw BU B A8PSLTIPQ PO .FUBMMVSHZ
7BMVF GSPN *OUFMMFDUVBM 1SPQFSUZ " $BTF 4UVEZw for Non Metallurgists’ held at Indian Institute of Metals
GPS 4DJFOUJTUT&OHJOFFST GSPN *430 BT B QBSU PG (IIM) at Hyderabad on July 15, 2016.
‘Management Development Programme (MDP)’  %S34VCBTSJEFMJWFSFEBOJOWJUFEMFDUVSFPO4PM(FM
organized by Administrative Staff College of India /BOPDPNQPTJUF $PBUJOHT GPS &OFSHZ  &OWJSPONFOU
(ASCI) at ARCI, Hyderabad on June 09, 2016. and Health Care Applications" at ‘Recent Advances in
13. Dr. R.Balaji delivered an invited lecture on “Hydrogen /BOPNBUFSJBMT GPS &OFSHZ  &OWJSPONFOU BOE )FBMUI
1SPEVDUJPO 5FDIOPMPHZ"O 0WFSWJFXw BU BA4FNJOBS $BSF "QQMJDBUJPOT 'BDVMUZ %FWFMPQNFOU 1SPHSBNNF
PO 3FOFXBCMF &OFSHZ IFME BU /FZWFMJ -JHOJUF held at PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore on July
$PSQPSBUJPO &OHJOFFST 5SBJOJOH $FOUSF  /FZWFMJ PO 23, 2016.
June 10, 2016. 25. Dr. S. Anandan delivered an invited lecture on
14. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture on i%FWFMPQNFOUPG/BOPNBUFSJBMTGPS&OFSHZ4UPSBHF -J
i)ZESPHFO5FDIOPMPHJFTBUBh4FNJOBSPO3FOFXBCMF *PO#BUUFSJFTBOE4VQFSDBQBDJUPST
BOE&OWJSPONFOUBM
&OFSHZIFMEBU/FZWFMJ-JHOJUF$PSQPSBUJPO &OHJOFFST Application” at National Institute of Technology (NIT),
Training Centre, Neyveli, Tamilnadu on June 10, 2016. Rourkela on August 03, 2016.
15. Dr.N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture on 26. Dr. D. Prabhu delivered an invited lecture on “Macro
i(SFFO 1PXFS *OJUJBUJWF $IBMMFOHFTw BU *OTUJUVUF PG Changes Nano Modifications” at the ‘Workshop on
&OHJOFFST /-$DIBQUFS /FZWFMJPO+VOF  Characterization of Materials for Advanced Applications
16. Dr. M.B. Sahana delivered an invited lecture on 8$.""
IFMEBU/*5 5JSVDIJSBQQBMMJPO"VHVTU
i-BZFSFE -JUIJVN  .JYFE 5SBOTJUJPO .FUBM 0YJEF 06, 2016.
$BUIPEFT GPS -JUIJVN *PO #BUUFSJFTw BU UIF A*OEP 27. Dr. T.N. Rao delivered an invited lecture on “Recent
US Workshop on Recent Advances in Multiscale, Trends in Nanomaterials based Technologies
.VMUJQIZTJDT"OBMZTJTPG&OFSHZ$POWFSTJPOJO-JJPO 3FMFWBOU UP &OFSHZ  &OWJSPONFOU  )FBMUIw 
#BUUFSJFTIFMEBU**5#PNCBZ .VNCBJEVSJOH+VOF at 2nd Chandigarh Region Innovation and
19, 2016. Knowledge Cluster (2nd CRIKC) Nano Science
17. Dr. R. Prakash delivered an invited lecture on “Lithium %BZ IFME BU **4&3  .PIBMJ PO "VHVTU   
*PO#BUUFSZ%FWFMPQNFOU1SPHSBNBU"3$*GPS&MFDUSJD 28. Dr. S. Anandan delivered an invited lecture on
7FIJDMF "QQMJDBUJPOw BU UIF A*OEP64 8PSLTIPQ PO i%FWFMPQNFOU PG $PSF4IFMM 4USVDUVSFE $BSCPO
Recent Advances in Multiscale, Multiphysics Analysis $PBUFE&MFDUSPEF.BUFSJBMTGPS*NQSPWFE-J*PO#BUUFSZ
PG &OFSHZ $POWFSTJPO JO -JJPO #BUUFSJFT IFME BU **5 Performance” at the School of Advanced Sciences,
#PNCBZ .VNCBJEVSJOH+VOF  7FMMPSF *OTUJUVUF PG 5FDIOPMPHZ 7*5
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18. Dr. Gururaj Telasang delivered an invited lecture August 12, 2016.
PO i-BTFS "JEFE .BOVGBDUVSJOH .BUFSJBMT BOE 29. Dr. G.Ravichandra delivered an invited lecture on

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i$IBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG /BOPNBUFSJBMT GPS &OFSHZ 40. Mr. Manish Tak delivered lecture on “Laser Surface
BOE &OWJSPONFOUBM "QQMJDBUJPOTw BU B A8PSLTIPQ Modifications of Automotive Components” at the
PO /BOPUFDIOPMPHZ 1SJODJQMFT JO &OFSHZ BOE ‘International Conference on Future of Indian
&OWJSPONFOUBM "QQMJDBUJPOT IFME BU (PWFSONFOU "VUPNPUJWF*OEVTUSZ-BTFSTBOEJUT"QQMJDBUJPOTIFME
College of Technology, Coimbatore on August 17, BU#*&$ #FOHBMVSVPO4FQUFNCFS 
2016. 41. Dr. Gururaj Telasang delivered a lecture on “Laser Repair
30. Dr. P.K. Jain delivered invited lecture on “Carbon Nano Cladding and Additive Manufacturing for Automotive
.BUFSJBMT BOE UIFJS &OFSHZ 4UPSBHF "QQMJDBUJPOT JO Applications” at the ‘International Conference on
Supercapacitor” at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological 'VUVSF PG *OEJBO "VUPNPUJWF *OEVTUSZ -BTFST BOE JUT
University (JNTU), Hyderabad on+ August 17, 2016. "QQMJDBUJPOT IFME BU #*&$  #FOHBMVSV PO 4FQUFNCFS
31. Dr. P.K. Jain delivered an invited lecture on “Synthesis 21, 2016.
PG$BSCPO/BOPNBUFSJBMTUIFJS7BSJPVT"QQMJDBUJPOTw 42. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on
at a ‘National Symposium on Recent Advances in i1VCMJD  'VOEFE 3  % -BCPSBUPSZ UP *OEVTUSZw BOE
$IFNJDBM BOE .BUFSJBMT 4DJFODFT 3"$.4
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at Basara on August 21, 2016. Development Programme for University Professors’
32. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on organized by ASCI at ARCI, Hyderabad on September
i.BYJNJ[JOH *NQBDU PG *1 $BQJUBMw BOE i5FDIOPMPHZ 22, 2016.
$PNNFSDJBMJ[BUJPOwGPS4DJFOUJTUT&OHJOFFSTGSPN*430  %S#74BSBEBEFMJWFSFEBOJOWJUFEMFDUVSFPOi$*(4
as a part of ‘Management Development Programme #BTFE5IJO'JMN4PMBS$FMMTwBUUIFA/BUJPOBM8PSLTIPQ
(MDP)’ organized by ASCI at ARCI, Hyderabad on PO/BOPøVJE"QQMJDBUJPOTGPS)FBU5SBOTGFSBOE&OFSHZ
August 24, 2016. 4ZTUFNT IFME BU "OEISB 6OJWFSTJUZ  7JTBLIBQBUOBN
33. Dr. D. Prabhu delivered an invited lecture on “Harder EVSJOH4FQUFNCFS 
Hard Magnetic Materials” at the ‘National Conference 44. Dr. G.Ravichandra delivered an invited lecture on
PO.BUFSJBMTGPS4VTUBJOBCMF&OFSHZ /$.4&
IFME “Indentation Studies in Materials" at the ‘National
at Tiruchirappalli on August 26, 2016. Workshop on Material Characterization Techniques
34. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture on /8.$5
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i&MFDUSPDIFNJDBM&OFSHZ4UPSBHF$POWFSTJPO4ZTUFNTw on September 28, 2016.
BUUIFA/BUJPOBM.VMUJ-FWFM4ZNQPTJVNPO4&&%hIFME  %S &BTXBSBNPPSUIJ 3BNBTBNZ EFMJWFSFE BO JOWJUFE
at Chennai on September 01, 2016. MFDUVSF PO i/FYU (FOFSBUJPO 4PMBS $FMMTw BU UIF
35. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture on A8PSLTIPQPO/BOPøVJE"QQMJDBUJPOGPS)FBU5SBOTGFS
i3FDFOU"EWBODFNFOUTJO%JBHOPTUJD5PPMTGPS1&.'$w BOE &OFSHZ 4ZTUFNT  4JNVMBUJPO VTJOH $'% IFME BU
at the ‘National Level Seminar on Technological "OEISB 6OJWFSTJUZ 7JTBLIBQBUOBN PO 4FQUFNCFS  
Advancements in Fuel Cell Research’ held at Chennai 2016.
EVSJOH4FQUFNCFSo   %S (BOBQBUIZ7FFSQQBO EFMJWFSFE BO JOWJUFE MFDUVSF
36. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered an invited lecture on POi1FSPWTLJUF 2VBOUVNEPUBOE%ZF4FOTJUJ[FE4PMBS
i$PNNFSDJBMJ[BUJPO PG 5FDIOPMPHJFT  4PNF $BTF Cells” at the ‘Workshop on Nanofluid Application for
Studies” at the ‘Workshop on Intellectual Property )FBU5SBOTGFSBOE&OFSHZ4ZTUFNT4JNVMBUJPOVTJOH
Rights , R & D and Innovation Management in University $'%h IFME BU  "OEISB 6OJWFSTJUZ  7JTBLIBQBUOBN PO
System’ held at Osmania University, Hyderabad on September 28, 2016.
September 21, 2016. 47. Mr. Sumit Ranjan Sahu delivered an invited lecture on
37. Dr. G.Padmanabham delivered a keynote address on i-JUIJVN*PO #BUUFSZ GPS &MFDUSJD 7FIJDMFTw BU 7FMMPSF
“Lasers in Automotive Industry” at the ‘International *OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZ 7*5
7FMMPSFPO4FQUFNCFS 
$POGFSFODFPO'VUVSFPG*OEJBO"VUPNPUJWF*OEVTUSZ 2016.
Lasers and its Applications’ held at Bangalore 48. Dr. G.Padmanabham delivered a Keynote lecture
*OUFSOBUJPOBM &YIJCJUJPO $FOUSF #*&$
 #FOHBMVSV PO on “Additive Manufacturing Materials and Alloys”
September 21, 2016. at the ‘6th International Conference on Additive
38. Dr. Ravi Bathe delivered a lecture on “Laser Surface Manufacturing Technology’ held at Bengaluru on
5FYUVSJOH PG "VUPNPUJWF $PNQPOFOUT GPS *NQSPWJOH October 06, 2016.
Tribological Behavior” at the ‘International Conference  %S # 7 4BSBEB EFMJWFSFE BO JOWJUFE MFDUVSF PO
PO 'VUVSF PG *OEJBO "VUPNPUJWF *OEVTUSZ -BTFST BOE i/BOPDBSCPOT BOE %JBNPOE 4ZOUIFTJT BOE
JUT"QQMJDBUJPOTIFMEBU#*&$ #FOHBMVSVPO4FQUFNCFS Applications” at the ‘National Workshop on Carbon
21, 2016. Nanotechnology and Applications of Nanomaterials’
 .S ,7 1IBOJ 1SBCIBLBS  EFMJWFSFE MFDUVSF PO -BTFS IFMEBU4SJLBLVMBNEVSJOH0DUPCFS 
Brazing for Light Weighting of Automotive Body Parts” 50. Dr. T.N. Rao delivered an invited lecture on “Role of
at the ‘International Conference on Future of Indian &OHJOFFSTJO.BLFJO*OEJBJOJUJBUJWFw BU.FUBMMVSHJDBM
"VUPNPUJWF*OEVTUSZ-BTFSTBOEJUT"QQMJDBUJPOTIFME Materials Association at NIT, Warangal on October 19,
BU#*&$ #FOHBMVSVPO4FQUFNCFS  2016.

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51. Dr. S. Sakthivel delivered an invited lecture on 63. Dr. P. Suresh Babu delivered an invited talk on “Thermal
“Functional Materials and Coatings for Concentrated 4QSBZFE /BOPTUSVDUVSFE $PBUJOHT"O PWFS 7JFXw BU
4PMBS 5IFSNBM 1PXFS $41
  17 "QQMJDBUJPOTw BU A*$"..1*7 IFME BU **5  ,IBSBHQVS EVSJOH /PWFNCFS
the ‘International Conference on Nanoscience and  
/BOPUFDIOPMPHZhIFMEBU7*56OJWFSTJUZ 7FMMPSF 64. Dr. G.Padmanabham delivered an invited lecture on
EVSJOH0DUPCFS  “Materials Technologies for Health & Hygiene” at the
52. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture on “Fuel ‘Second AP Science Congress’ organized by Andhra
$FMM 5FDIOPMPHZ &MFDUSJDBM &OHJOFFSJOH 1FSTQFDUJWF 1SBEFTI "DBEFNZ PG 4DJFODFT BU 7JKBZBXBEB EVSJOH
GPS .5FDI BOE #5FDI TUVEFOUT BU 7*5  7FMMPSF PO /PWFNCFS 
October 19, 2016. 65. Dr. L. Rama Krishna delivered a lecture on “Overview
53. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered an invited lecture on PG 4VSGBDF &OHJOFFSJOH PO "VUPNPUJWF $PNQPOFOUT
“Commercializing Intellectual Property (IP)” at the by Spray and Related Processes, Future Problems and
‘Workshop on Patent Drafting’ held at Centre for %JSFDUJPOTwBUUIFA*OEJBO*OTUJUVUFPG.FUBMT/BUJPOBM
International Cooperation in Sciences (CICS), Chennai .FUBMMVSHJTUT %BZ o"OOVBM 5FDIOJDBM .FFUJOH /.%
on October 20, 2016. "5.
IFMEBU**5 ,BOQVSEVSJOH/PWFNCFS 
54. Dr. P.K. Jain delivered an invited lecture on “Synthesis of 2016.
Functional Nanostructured Carbon Materials and their 66. Dr. Gururaj Telasang delivered an invited lecture on
7BSJPVT "QQMJDBUJPOTw BU UIFA/BUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO “Critical Analysis of Laser Metal Additive Manufacturing
&NFSHJOH#JP.BUFSJBMT /$&#
IFMEBU#IBSBUIJS 1SPDFTTw BU UIFA/.%"5.  .JOJ4ZNQPTJVN PO
University, Coimbatore on October 20, 2016. Additive Manufacturing’ held at IIT, Kanpur during
55. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered an invited lecture on /PWFNCFS 
“Applying Intellectual Property Development Indices 67. Dr. Dibyendu Chakravarty delivered an invited lecture
(IPDIs) to Materials R & D” at ARCI, Chennai on October POi%1PSPVT(SBQIFOFCZ-PX5FNQFSBUVSF1MBTNB
21, 2016. 8FMEJOH GPS #POF *NQMBOUTw BU UIF A/.%"5. 
56. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered an invited lecture ‘Ultrafast Sintering Symposium’ held at IIT, Kanpur
on “ARCI and its IP Management Practices” at the EVSJOH/PWFNCFS 
h$SFBUJWJUZ BOE *OOPWBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU 1SPHSBNNFh 68. Dr. G. Padmanabham delivered a lecture on “Laser
DPOEVDUFECZ&OHJOFFSJOH4UBò$PMMFHFPG*OEJB &4$*
 based Joining of Some New Alloys / Dissimilar
at Hyderabad on October 25, 2016. $PNCJOBUJPOTwBUUIFh$**$POGFSFODFPO8FMEJOH
57. Dr. S. Sakthivel delivered an invited lecture on Welding Innovation, Challenges and Applications in
“Important Role of Functional Materials and Coatings India’ held at Mumbai on November 16, 2016.
GPS $PODFOUSBUFE 4PMBS 5IFSNBM 1PXFS $41
  17 69. Dr. T.N. Rao delivered an invited lecture on
"QQMJDBUJPOTw BU "NSJUB 7JTIXB 7JEZBQFFUIBN  i/BOPNBUFSJBMTCBTFE *OEJHFOPVT 5FDIOPMPHJFT
Coimbatore on October 26, 2016.  IBOEMJOH 5PYJDPMPHZ $IBMMFOHFTw   BU $4*3*OEJBO
58. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on *OTUJUVUFPG5PYJDPMPHZ3FTFBSDIo*5$PSHBOJ[FE
i4DJFODFo5FDIOPMPHZ#VTJOFTT$IBJOwBOEi-FWFSBHJOH CZ*OEJBO*OTUJUVUFPG5PYJDPMPHZ3FTFBSDI -VDLOPXPO
R & D Capability” at the ‘Management Development November 16, 2016.
1SPHSBNNF GPS *430 4DJFOUJTUT&OHJOFFST PSHBOJ[FE 70. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered lectures on “Innovation
by ASCI at ARCI, Hyderabad on November 03, 2016. Process Management in Organizations” and “Creating
59. Dr. Ravi Bathe delivered the keynote lecture on“Ultrafast B 4UBSUVQ CZ $PNNFSDJBMJ[JOH B 5FDIOPMPHZ GSPN B
Laser for Fabrications of Multifunctional Surfaces” 1VCMJDGVOEFE3%-BCwBUUIFA8PSLTIPQPO.BOBHJOH
BU UIF hUI *OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO "EWBODFT JO Innovation for Competitive Advantage’ held during
.BUFSJBMT.BUFSJBMT1SPDFTTJOH *$"..1*7
hIFMEBU /BUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO *OEVTUSJBM &OHJOFFSJOH BOE
**5 ,IBSBHQVSEVSJOH/PWFNCFS  5FDIOPMPHZ .BOBHFNFOU /$*&5.
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60. Dr. R. Subasri delivered an invited lecture on "Surface *OTUJUVUF PG *OEVTUSJBM &OHJOFFSJOH /*5*&
 .VNCBJ
.PEJöDBUJPO VTJOH 4PM(FM )ZCSJE /BOPDPNQPTJUF EVSJOH/PWFNCFS 
$PBUJOHTBUA*$"..1*7IFMEBU**5,IBSBHQVSEVSJOH 71. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered a keynote lecture
/PWFNCFS  PO i3% $PNNFSDJBMJ[BUJPO 0QQPSUVOJUJFT BOE
61. Dr. Joydip Joardar delivered an invited lecture on $IBMMFOHFTw BU A1BU 4JHIU"O *1 4ZNQPTJVN IFME BU
i4ZOUIFTJT PG %/BOPMBZFSFE .P42 and WS2” at Hyderabad on December 02, 2016.
A*$"..1*7 IFME BU **5  ,IBSBHQVS EVSJOH /PWFNCFS 72. Dr. G.Padmanabham delivered a lecture on “Laser
  #BTFE 4VSGBDF &OHJOFFSJOH GPS -JGF &OIBODFNFOU
62. Dr. Dibyendu Chakravarty delivered an invited lecture of Power Plant Components” at the ‘International
on “Nanostructured Materials for Structural and $POGFSFODFPO4VSGBDF&OHJOFFSJOHIFMEBU/FX%FMIJ
Functional Applications by Spark Plasma Sintering on December 03, 2016.
414
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/PWFNCFS  “Technological Trends in Materials/Polymers” at the

114
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IFME BU $4*3*OEJBO *OTUJUVUF PG $IFNJDBM5FDIOPMPHZ 85. Dr. Pramod H. Borse delivered an invited lecture on
(IICT), Hyderabad on December 06, 2016. “Recent Developments in Dry and Wet Solar Cell” at
74. Dr. G.Ravichandra delivered an invited lecture on ‘Short Term Training on Advances in Drinking Water
“Nanotechnology and your Health & Glow” at St. 5FDIOPMPHZ  4PMBS &OFSHZ IFME BU /BOEFE EVSJOH
Francis College, Hyderabad on December 09, 2016. %FDFNCFS 
75. Mr. D.Srinivasa Rao delivered a lecture on “Ceramic 86. Dr. Sreekanth Mandati delivered a guest lecture on
Coatings for Wear Thermal Resistance Applications” "How to Understand Physics Concepts and Advances
at a ‘Workshop on Advanced Ceramic Processing and JO4PMBS$FMMTBU17,/(PWU%FHSFFBOE1($PMMFHF 
'BCSJDBUJPOhPSHBOJ[FECZ*OEJBO$FSBNJD4PDJFUZBOE Chittoor on December 26, 2016.
ARCI at Hyderabad on December 12, 2016. 87. Dr. T.N. Rao delivered an invited talk on “Indigenous
/BOPNBUFSJBMCBTFE 5FDIOPMPHZ " .BLF*O *OEJB
76. Dr. Y. S. Rao delivered a lecture on “Pressure Slip
Initiative”, at the Plenary Session of the 104th Indian
$BTUJOHo"6OJRVF1SPDFTTGPS'BCSJDBUJPOPG$FSBNJDTw
Science Congress held at Tirupati on January 04, 2017.
at a ‘Workshop on Advanced Ceramic Processing and
88. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered a lecture on “R & D
'BCSJDBUJPOhPSHBOJ[FECZ*OEJBO$FSBNJD4PDJFUZBOE
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ARCI at Hyderabad on December 12, 2016.
engineering students/faculty members of Anurag
77. Dr. B. P. Saha delivered a lecture on “Processing of Group of Institutions, Hyderabad on January 05, 2017.
Advanced Ceramic Materials” at a ‘Workshop on
89. Dr. R.Balaji delivered a guest lecture on “Hydrogen
"EWBODFE $FSBNJD 1SPDFTTJOH BOE 'BCSJDBUJPOh
&OFSHZ5FDIOPMPHZwBU(BOEIJHSBNBN3VSBM*OTUJUVUF 
organized by Indian Ceramic Society and ARCI at
Dindigul on January 09, 2017.
Hyderabad on December 12, 2016.
90. Dr. R. Gopalan delivered a plenary talk on “Functional
78. Dr. D.Chakravarty delivered a lecture on “Spark Plasma .BUFSJBMT,FZ1MBZFSTGPS"VUPNPUJWF"QQMJDBUJPOTwBU
4JOUFSJOH PG /BOPo(SBJOFE $FSBNJDTw BU BA8PSLTIPQ a ‘Conference on Advanced Structural and Functional
PO "EWBODFE $FSBNJD 1SPDFTTJOH BOE 'BCSJDBUJPOh  Materials (ASFM)’ held at Bhopal on January 13, 2017.
organized by Indian Ceramic Society and ARCI at 91. Dr. T.N. Rao delivered a keynote lecture on “Indigenous
Hyderabad on December 12, 2016. /BOPNBUFSJBMTCBTFE 5FDIOPMPHJFTw  BU $4*3".13* 
79. Dr. T.N. Rao delivered a keynote lecture on “Role #IPQBM$POGFSFODFEVSJOH+BOVBSZ 
PG $PBUJOHT  5IJO 'JMNT BOE .FNCSBOFT JO &OFSHZ  %S,SJTIOB7BMMFUJEFMJWFSFEBOJOWJUFEMFDUVSFPOi5IJO
Generation and Storage”, at Multilayers Conference, 'JMNTBOEUIFJS"QQMJDBCJMJUZGPS5SBOTQPSUBOE&OFSHZ
held at NFTDC, Hyderabad on December 15, 2016 Applications” at the ‘National Workshop on Advanced
80. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered an invited lecture on & Nano Materials and Thermal Barrier Coatings for
i$PNNFSDJBMJ[JOH*OOPWBUJPOTJOUIF*OEJBO&DPTZTUFNw 5SBOTQPSUBOE&OFSHZBQQMJDBUJPOT "7.55&"
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Platform’ held at Pune on December 16, 2016. 28, 2017.
81. Dr. R. Balaji delivered an invited lecture on“An Overview  %S ,SJTIOB 7BMMFUJ EFMJWFSFE B HVFTU MFDUVSF POi5IJO
PG $VSSFOU %FWFMPQNFOUT JO )ZESPHFO &OFSHZ 'JMNTBOEUIFJS"QQMJDBCJMJUZGPS5SBOTQPSUBOE&OFSHZ
5FDIOPMPHZw BU UIF A/BUJPOBM 4FNJOBSh PO 3FDFOU "QQMJDBUJPOTw BU (*5". 6OJWFSTJUZ 7JTBLIBQBUOBN PO
"EWBODFNFOUT JO &OFSHZ 4UPSBHF 5FDIOPMPHJFT GPS January 28, 2017.
Smart Grid Applications" held at Mahalingam College 94. Dr. R. Subasri delivered a guest lecture on "Science
PG&OHJOFFSJOHBOE5FDIOPMPHZ 1PMMBDIJ PO%FDFNCFS GPS 4PDJFUZ BU UIF A4JYUI 4QBSL *OOPWBUJPO "XBSET
17, 2016.  PSHBOJ[FE CZ ,73BP 4DJFOUJöD 4PDJFUZ BU
Hyderabad on January 28, 2017.
82. Dr. G. Padmanabham delivered an invited lecture
on “Recent Developments in Laser Based Joining 95. Dr. R. Gopalan delivered a plenary talk on “Penetration
Processes and their Applications” at the ‘National PG 3BSF&BSUI 1FSNBOFOU .BHOFUT JOUP BMM 'JFMET PG
Welding Seminar’ held at Jadavpur University, Kolkata Applications” at the ‘International Conference on
Magnetic Materials and Applications (ICMAGMA2017)’
on December 17, 2016.
held in Hyderabad on February 01, 2017.
83. Dr. R. Gopalan delivered a keynote lecture on
 %S % 1SBCIV EFMJWFSFE BO JOWJUFE MFDUVSF PO 'F1
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Si Steel" at the ‘International Conference on Magnetic
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.BUFSJBMT BOE "QQMJDBUJPOT *$."(."
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19, 2016.
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84. Dr. Malobika Karanjai delivered an invited lecture on Solar Photovoltaics and Concentrated Solar Power" at
i"EWBODFT JO 1. 1SPDFTTFE $PNQPTJUFT1SPNJTFT (.3 *OTUJUVUF PG5FDIOPMPHZ3BKBN   4SJLBLVMBN  PO
and Challenges” at the ‘Indo Austrian Symposium on February 04, 2016.

115
Events, Data and Statistics

 %S #7 4BSBEB EFMJWFSFE BO JOWJUFE MFDUVSF PO 5IJO Course in Material Science’ held at Osmania University,
film Solar Photovoltaics and Concentrated Solar Hyderabad on February 15, 2017.
1PXFSBU.7(3$PMMFHFPG&OHJOFFSJOH7J[JBOBHBSBN 110. Dr. Srinivasan Anandan delivered an invited lecture on
on February 04, 2016. i%FWFMPQNFOU PG /BOPNBUFSJBMT GPS &OFSHZ 4UPSBHF
99. Dr. T.N. Rao delivered a keynote lecture on -J*PO#BUUFSJFTBOE4VQFS$BQBDJUPST
"QQMJDBUJPOwBUB
i/BOPNBUFSJBMTCBTFE 5FDIOPMPHJFT 5SBOTGPSNJOH h3FGSFTIFS$PVSTFJO.BUFSJBM4DJFODFIFMEBU0TNBOJB
-BCPSBUPSZ 3FTFBSDI UP 5FDIOPMPHZw  BU UIF hUI University, Hyderabad on February 15, 2017.
International Conference on Recent Advances in 111. Dr. P. Sudharshan Phani delivered an invited lecture
$PNQPTJUF.BUFSJBMThIFMEBU,-6OJWFSTJUZ 7JKBZBXBEB POi5IF .FDIBOJDBM 1SPQFSUZ /BOP *OEFOUBUJPO BOE
on February 06, 2017. )BSEOFTTw BU UIFA8PSLTIPQ PO 4VSGBDF &OHJOFFSJOH
100. Dr. G. Padmanabham delivered an invited lecture held at Pune on February 15, 2017.
PO i"EWBODFE $PNQPTJUFT GPS "FSPTQBDF o 4PNF 112. Dr. Y.S.Rao delivered an invited lecture on “Pressure
Developments at ARCI” at the ‘International Slip Casting of Alumina and Other Ceramics” at the
Conference on Advances in Composite Materials’ held ‘2nd international Conference on Alumina and Other
BU7JKBZBXBEBPO'FCSVBSZ  Functional Ceramics (AOFC 2017)’ held at Centre for
 %S # 7 4BSBEB EFMJWFSFE BO JOWJUFE MFDUVSF PO Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkatta
"Materials for Solar Photovoltaics & Concentrated Solar EVSJOH'FCSVBSZ 
Power" at a ‘Refresher Course in Material Sciences’ held 113. Dr. P.K. Jain delivered an invited lecture on “Advances
at Osmania University, Hyderabad during February in Nanotechnology and Carbon Nanotubes based
.BSDI  Composites” at the ‘Faculty Development Program’
 %S 3BWJ #BUIF EFMJWFSFE BO FYQFSU MFDUVSF POi-BTFS held at Osmania University, Hyderabad on February
Materials Processing" at a ‘Refresher Course in Material 17, 2017.
Sciences’ held at Osmania University, Hyderabad 114. Dr. K.Ramya delivered an invited lecture on “An
EVSJOH'FCSVBSZ.BSDI  Overview of Development of Rechargeable Alkaline
 %S:43BP EFMJWFSFE MFDUVSFT POi8IBU BSF $FSBNJDT ;JOD "JS #BUUFSZw BU UIFA*OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO
8IZUIFZBSF4P o"1IZTJDJTUhT"QQSPBDIPO$FSBNJDTw "EWBODFNFOUT JO 1PMZNFSJD .BUFSJBMTh IFME BU *OEJBO
BOEi5FDIOPMPHZ%FWFMPQNFOUJO"EWBODFE$FSBNJDT Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru during February
Few Case Studies” at the ‘Refresher Course on Materials  
Science’ held at Osmania University, Hyderabad on 115. Dr. S. Sakthivel delivered a keynote lecture on
February 09, 2017. “Functional Coatings for Concentrated Solar Thermal
104. Dr. R. Subasri delivered an invited lecture on “Surface 1PXFS $41
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&OHJOFFSJOH VTJOH 4PM(FM /BOPDPNQPTJUF $PBUJOHT Workshop on Challenge and Issues in Development
Basic Principles and Applications” at a ‘Refresher PG%JTUSJCVUFE4PMBSBOE8JOE&OFSHZ4ZTUFN *$&4%
 
Course in Material Sciences’ held at Osmania University, IFME BU 5SJOJUZ $PMMFHF PG &OHJOFFSJOH BOE 3FTFBSDI 
Hyderabad on February 10, 2017. 1VOFEVSJOH'FCSVBSZ 
105. Dr. G. Sivakumar delivered an invited lecture on 116. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures on
“Thermal Spray Coatings" at a ‘Refresher Course i.BUFSJBMT 5FDIOPMPHZ  CBTFE &OUSFQSFOFVSTIJQw
on Materials Science’ held at Osmania University, and “Identification of Innovation Opportunities” at
Hyderabad on February 10, 2017. a ‘Refresher Course on Materials Science for Faculty
106. Mr. K.R.C.Soma Raju delivered an invited lecture on Members’ held at Osmania University, Hyderabad on
i4PM(FM %FSJWFE .VMUJ'VODUJPOBM /BOPDPNQPTJUF February 21, 2017.
Coatings for Transparent Plastics” at the ‘International 117. Dr. Malobika Karanjai delivered an invited lecture on
Conference on Advancements in Polymeric Materials “Newer Challenges in High Density PM Parts” at an
"1.
IFMEBU#FOHBMVSVEVSJOH'FCSVBSZ  ‘International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and
2017. Particulate Materials (PM17)’ held at New Delhi during
107. Dr. Neha Hebalkar delivered an invited lecture on 'FCSVBSZ 
i4FNJDPOEVDUPS /BOPQBSUJDMFT 4ZOUIFTJT  1SPQFSUJFT 118. Dr. Malobika Karanjai delivered an invited lecture on
and Applications” at a ‘Refresher Course in Material “Hot Consolidation and Hot Isostatic Pressing” at the
Science’ held at Osmania University, Hyderabad on ‘Special Session on Business Opportunities at PM 17’
February 14, 2017. held at New Delhi on February 23, 2017.
108. Dr. G.Ravichandra delivered an invited guest lecture 119. Dr. R. Gopalan delivered an invited lecture on “Key High
PO i$IBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG .BUFSJBMTw BU B h3FGSFTIFS Performing Materials for Automotive Applications” at
Course in Material Science’ held at Osmania University, the IIM foundation day held at PSG College, Coimbatore
Hyderabad on February 14, 2017. February 24, 2017.
 %S &BTXBSBNPPSUIJ 3BNBTBNZ EFMJWFSFE BO JOWJUFE 120. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered invited lectures
MFDUVSF PO i1FSPWTLJUF 4PMBS $FMMTw BU B h3FGSFTIFS PO i4DJFODF  5FDIOPMPHZ CBTFE 4UBSU6QTw BOE

116
Events, Data and Statistics

“Collaborative Strategy for Academic Institutions” at  %S1)#PSTFEFMJWFSFEBOJOWJUFEMFDUVSFPOi/BOP


‘Faculty Development Programme’ held at Osmania Functionalization of Photoelectrode for Solar
University, Hyderabad on February 25, 2017. Hydrogen Generation” at the ‘National Conference
PO )ZESPHFO &OFSHZ  "EWBODFE .BUFSJBMT
121. Dr. G. Sivakumar delivered an invited lecture on
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“Realizing Solution Precursor Plasma Spray Technique
5SJWBOESVNEVSJOH.BSDI 
towards Deposition of Functional Coatings" at
A$POUJOVJOH &EVDBUJPOBM 1SPHSBNNFT $&1
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held at DMRL, Hyderabad on March 02, 2017. on "RSM based Study on the Influence of Sintering
Temperature on MRR for Titanium Powder Metallurgy
122. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture on
1SPEVDUT VTJOH #PY#FIOLFO %FTJHOw BU UIF hUI
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International Conference of Materials Processing and
Seminar on Advances in Materials Science
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)ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH.BSDI 
1FSGPSNBODF.BUFSJBMT$IBMMFOHFTwBUUIFh*OUFSOBUJPOBM 2017.
8PSLTIPQ PO "EWBODFE .BUFSJBMT o 1SPDFTTJOH 
134. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi delivered an invited lecture on
Joining Technologies’ held at CMR Technical Campus,
i/BOPNBUFSJBMT GPS &OFSHZ 4UPSBHF BOE $POWFSTJPO
)ZEFSBCBE EVSJOH.BSDI 
%FWJDFT o "DUJWBUFE $BSCPOTw BU UIF A*OUFSOBUJPOBM
 %S #7 4BSBEB EFMJWFSFE BO JOWJUFE MFDUVSF POi4PMBS Workshop on Advanced Functional Materials’ held at
Photovoltaics and Concentrated Solar Power” at the "OOB6OJWFSTJUZ $IFOOBJEVSJOH.BSDIo 
‘Tech Resonance National Workshop’ held at Avanthi
135. Dr. R. Gopalan delivered a keynote lecture on
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2017.
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125. Dr. G. Padmanabham delivered a keynote lecture on Bharathiar University, Coimbatore on March 23, 2017.
“Recent Trends in Laser Processing of Materials” at the
 %S#74BSBEBEFMJWFSFEBOJOWJUFEMFDUVSFPOi4PMBS
‘National Workshop on Laser Processing of Materials’
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held at NIT Surathkal on March 09, 2017.
BU UIF A/BUJPOBM 8PSLTIPQ /PO7BDVVN #BTFE
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&BSUI1FSNBOFOU.BHOFUTGPSBMM'JFMETPG"QQMJDBUJPOTw /BHQVSEVSJOH.BSDI 
BUUIFh/BUJPOBM$POGFSFODFPO$SJUJDBM.BUFSJBMThIFME
137. Dr. S. Sakthivel delivered an invited lecture on “Nano
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Functional Materials and Coatings for Concentrated
127. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered an invited lecture on 4PMBS5IFSNBM1PXFS $41
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5FDIOPMPHZ .BOVGBDUVSJOH %*(*5&$)."/ 
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$POGFSFODFIFMEBU&4$* )ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH.BSDI .BSDI 
11, 2017. 138. Dr. Pramod H. Borse delivered an invited lecture on
128. Dr. S. Sakthivel delivered an invited lecture on i%FTJHO BOE 'BCSJDBUJPO PG 1IPUP &MFDUSPEF /BOP
“Functional Materials and Coatings for Concentrated .BUFSJBMT GPS 4PMBS )ZESPHFO BOE PUIFS &OFSHZ
4PMBS 5IFSNBM 1PXFS  17 "QQMJDBUJPOTw BU (.3 Application” at the ‘Indo Korea Workshop on
*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZ3BKBN 4SJLBLVMBNPO.BSDI Computational Material Science’ held at Bengaluru
10, 2017. EVSJOH.BSDI 
129. Dr. S. Kumar delivered a lecture on “Cold Spray  %S 3BWJ #BUIF EFMJWFSFE BO FYQFSU MFDUVSF POi-BTFS
Modeling” at a ‘Short Term Training Program on 4VSGBDF 5FYUVSJOH BU UIF A5&2*1** DPVSTF PO -BTFS
.PEFMJOH  4JNVMBUJPO BOE &YQFSJNFOUBM "QQSPBDIFT BOEJUT"QQMJDBUJPOT-"1IFMEBU.PUJMBM/FISV
of Unconventional Manufacturing Techniques’ held at National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), Allahabad
IIT Madras, Chennai on March 15, 2017. EVSJOH.BSDI 
130. Dr. T.N. Rao delivered an invited lecture on “Recent  .S,71IBOJ1SBCIBLBSEFMJWFSFEBMFDUVSFPO-BTFS
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131. Dr. G. Sivakumar delivered an invited lecture on 141. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj delivered an invited lecture
“Thermal Barrier Coatings for Gas Turbine Applications" on “ARCI Technologies for Collaborations and
BU UIF A*/"&/"&, *OEP,PSFB 8PSLTIPQ PO )JHI 5SBOTGFS 0QQPSUVOJUJFT GPS *OEVTUSZw BU B A4FNJOBS
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117
Events, Data and Statistics

Papers Presented at Indian Conference/ o"OOVBM5FDIOJDBM.FFUJOH /.%"5.


hIFMEBU**5
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11. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj presented a paper on “Partnership
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"QQMJDBUJPOTPG-BTFSBOE-PX&OFSHZ1SPDFTTFTwBUUIF Transfer of an Advanced Materials Technology” at
‘6th International Welding Research and Collaboration UIF h/BUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO *OEVTUSJBM &OHJOFFSJOH
$PMMPRVJVNIFMEBU)ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH"QSJM  BOE 5FDIOPMPHZ .BOBHFNFOU /$*&5.
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Welding of Thick Plates of High Alloy Steels” during the 12. Ms. J. Prithi (Dr. N. Rajalakshmi) presented a paper on
‘6th International Welding Research and Collaboration /JUSPHFO%PQFE.FTPQPSPVT$BSCPO4VQQPSUGPS0YZHFO
$PMMPRVJVNhIFMEBU)ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH"QSJM  3FEVDUJPO3FBDUJPOJO1&.'$BUUIFhUI*OUFSOBUJPOBM
3. Ms. S. Pradheebha (Dr. R. Subasri) presented a paper on 4ZNQPTJVN PO "EWBODFT JO &MFDUSPDIFNJDBM 4DJFODFT
i&òFDUPG5FYUVSJOHPO4VSGBDF8FUUBCJMJUZPG4PM(FM/BOP BOE5FDIOPMPHZh IFME BU $IFOOBJ EVSJOH %FDFNCFS 
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held at PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore on April
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23, 2016.
Densification by Direct Consolidation through Hot
4. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj presented a paper on "Towards Isotatic Pressing” at ‘ the International Conference on
Developing a Roadmap for Commercializing R & D for "EWBODFTJO.BUFSJBMBOE.BOVGBDUVSJOH *$"..

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at the ‘3rd International Conference on Management of  
Intellectual Property Rights and Strategy (MIPS) 2016’
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and Property Correlation in Laser Clad Chromium
5. Ms. Prithi Jayaraj (Dr. N. Rajalakshmi) presented a paper $BSCJEF/J 3JDI "MMPZ .FUBM .BUSJY $PNQPTJUFw BU UIF
on "Nitrogen Doped Mesoporous Carbon as a Support ‘International Conference of Young Researchers on
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held at IIT Madras, Chennai on August 17, 2016.
15. Dr. P. Suresh Babu presented a paper on “Fracture
6. Ms. S. Manasa (Dr. R. Subasri) presented a paper on "Nano 3FTJTUBODF #FIBWJPS PG  5J/ BOE OD5J"M/B4J/
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i*OWFTUJHBUJPO PO &òFDU PG -BTFS 1VMTJOH 1BSBNFUFST 16. Ms. Jyothy Chandran (Dr. P.H. Borse) made a poster
on Surface Hardening of Bearing Steel” at the ‘National presentation on “Simple Large Area Deposition of
4ZNQPTJVN PG .FDIBOJDBM &OHJOFFSJOH 3FTFBSDI Nanostructure Metal Sulfide and Selenide Films for
Scholars’ held at NIT Warangal on October 07, 2016. 0QUPFMFDUSJD BOE 5IFSNPFMFDUSJD "QQMJDBUJPOw BU UIF
8. Mr. M. Shiva Prasad (Dr. S. Sakthivel) presented a paper hTU *OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO $PBUJOHT  5IJO 'JMNT 
"Development of Novel Tandem Absorber Layer With .VMUJMBZFS%FWJDFT4ZTUFNThIFMEBU/'5%$ )ZEFSBCBE
High Optical Performance and High Weather Stability EVSJOH%FDFNCFS 
For Medium Temperature Concentrated Solar Power 17. Mr. M. Gririraj (Dr. Kaliyan Hembram) presented a
Applications" at the ‘1st International Conference on paper on “Synthesis and Processing of Doped Zno
Nano Science and Nanotechnology (ICNAN’ 16)’, held at /BOP 1PXEFST 'PS .VMUJ-BZFS 7BSJTUPST .-7T
 BU UIF
7*5 7FMMPSFEVSJOH0DUPCFS  hTU *OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO $PBUJOHT  5IJO 'JMNT 
 %S*(BOFTIQSFTFOUFEBQBQFSPOi&MFDUSPDIFNJDBM%JSFDU .VMUJMBZFS%FWJDFT4ZTUFNThIFMEBU/'5%$ )ZEFSBCBE
Splitting of CO2 to CO over Novel Cathodic Materials in EVSJOH%FDFNCFS 
Conjunction with Ionic Liquid Helper Catalysts” at the 18. Mr. M. Shiva Prasad (Dr. S. Sakthivel) made a poster
A/BUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO &NFSHJOH #JPNBUFSJBM /$&# presentation on "Novel Tandem Absorber Coatings
2016)’ held at Bharathiar University, Coimbatore during for Low and Medium Temperature Concentrated Solar
0DUPCFS  5IFSNBM 1PXFS "QQMJDBUJPOT BU UIF hTU *OUFSOBUJPOBM
10. Dr. Dibyendu Chakravarty presented a paper on “Zirconia Conference on Coatings, Thin Films, Multilayer Devices
/BOPQBSUJDMF 3FJOGPSDFE  .PSQIPMPHZ &OHJOFFSFE 4ZTUFNThIFMEBU/'5%$ )ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH%FDFNCFS
(SBQIFOF #BTFE 'PBNTw BU h/BUJPOBM .FUBMMVSHJTUT %BZ  

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19. Mr. A. Arjuna Rao (Dr. S. Kumar) made a poster ‘International Conference on Advances in Functional
presentation on “Comprehensive Study on the Materials’ held at Anna University, Chennai during
Deposition Behavior, Wear and Corrosion Performance +BOVBSZ 
&WBMVBUJPOPG$PME4QSBZFE/J#D$PNQPTJUF$PBUJOHT
29. Mr. Ravi Gautam (Dr. R. Gopalan) presented a paper
BU UIF hTU *OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO $PBUJOHT  5IJO
on "Magnetic and Microstructural Studies on Powder
'JMNT  .VMUJMBZFS %FWJDFT  4ZTUFNTh IFME BU /'5%$ 
&YUSVEFE4PGU.BHOFUJD'F1"MMPZBUUIFA*OUFSOBUJPOBM
)ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH%FDFNCFS 
Conference on Magnetic Materials and Applications
20. Mr. M.Coumarane (Dr. N. Rajalakshmi) presented a paper *$."(."
 IFME BU )ZEFSBCBE EVSJOH 'FCSVBSZ
PO 1&. 'VFM $FMM 5FDIOPMPHZ %FNPOTUSBUJPO BU UIF  
hst*OEJBO&OHJOFFSJOH$POHSFTThIFMEBU,PMLBUBEVSJOH
%FDFNCFS  .S773BNBLSJTIOB %S3(PQBMBO
QSFTFOUFEBQBQFS
on "Magnetic Properties of the LTP MnBi Phase with
21. Mr. Das S. Sarkar (Dr.Malobika Karanjai) presented a paper %PQJOH BU *$."(." IFME BU )ZEFSBCBE EVSJOH
PO "O &YQFSJNFOUBM *OWFTUJHBUJPO PG UIF .BDIJOJOH 'FCSVBSZ 
$IBSBDUFSJTUJDTPG$15J1PXEFS.FUBMMVSHZ$PNQPOFOUT
CZ8JSF$VU&%.BUUIFhUI*OUFSOBUJPOBMBOEUI"MM %S%1SBCIVNBEFBQPTUFSQSFTFOUBUJPOPOi&òFDUPG3BSF
India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research &BSUI %PQBOUT -B  4N
 PO UIF .BHOFUJD BOE &MFDUSJDBM
Conference (AIMTDR 2016)’ held at the College of Properties of BiFeO3 /BOPTUSVDUVSFT " $PNQBSBUJWF
&OHJOFFSJOH 1VOF EVSJOH%FDFNCFS  Study” at ICMAGMA 2017 held at Hyderabad during
'FCSVBSZ 
%S(BOBQBUIZ7FFSQQBOQSFTFOUFEBQBQFSPOi4ZOUIFTJT
BOE %FWFMPQNFOU PG )PMF$POEVDUPS 'SFF "NCJFOU 32. Dr. D. Prabhu made a poster presentation on “Magnetic
1SPDFTTFE.JYFE)BMJEF1FSPWTLJUF4PMBS$FMMTwBUUIFAOE Graphene/Chitosan Nanocomposite for the Removal
*OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO 4PMBS &OFSHZ 1IPUPWPMUBJD PG /BQUIPM GSPN "RVFPVT 4PMVUJPO "ETPSQUJPO BOE
*$4&1
IFMEBU,**56OJWFSTJUZ #IVCBOFTXBSEVSJOH Kinetic Studies” at ICMAGMA 2017 held at Hyderabad
%FDFNCFS  EVSJOH'FCSVBSZ 
%S(BOBQBUIZ7FFSBQQBONBEFBQPTUFSQSFTFOUBUJPOPO 33. Mr. Ravi Gautam (Dr. R. Gopalan) made a poster
i"MLBMJOF.FUBM"1PUFOUJBM$BOEJEBUFGPS1C3FQMBDFNFOU QSFTFOUBUJPOPOi&òFDUPG4UPJDIJPNFUSZPOUIF.BHOFUJD
JO)5.'SFF1FSPWTLJUF4PMBS$FMMTwBUA*$4&1IFMEBU 1SPQFSUJFT PG 4USPOUJVN )FYBGFSSJUF QSFQBSFE WJB 4PMJE
,**5 6OJWFSTJUZ  #IVCBOFTXBS EVSJOH %FDFNCFS  State Route” at ICMAGMA 2017 held at Hyderabad during
2016. 'FCSVBSZ 
24. Dr. P. Uday Bhaskar (Dr. Sanjay R. Dhage) presented a 34. Dr. D. Prabhu made a poster presentation on “Magnetic
paper on “Development of CBD CdS Buffer Layer on 300 BOE .JDSPTUSVDUVSBM 4UVEJFT PO 1PXEFS &YUSVEFE 4PGU
mm X 300 mm Glass for CIGS Solar Cell Application” at .BHOFUJD 'F1 BMMPZw BU UIF h*OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF
A*$4&1IFMEBU,**5 #IVWBOFTIXBSEVSJOH%FDFNCFS on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (ICMagMa 2017)’
  IFMEBU)ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH'FCSVBSZ 
25. Mr. Brijesh Singh Yadav (Dr. Sanjay R. Dhage) made
.S ,3$ 4PNBSBKV QSFTFOUFE B QBQFS PO 4PM(FM
a poster presentation on “Particulate Ink Based Non
%FSJWFE .VMUJ'VODUJPOBM /BOP $PNQPTJUF $PBUJOHT GPS
7BDVVN3PVUFGPS$*(45IJO'JMN"CTPSCFS-BZFSCZ'MBTI
Transparent Plastics" at the ‘International Conference on
-JHIU 1PTU5SFBUNFOUw BOEi$IBMDPQZSJUF $*(4 "CTPSCFS
Advancements in Polymeric Materials (APM 2017)’ held
Layer by Inkjet Printing for Photovoltaic Application” at
BU#FOHBMVSVEVSJOH'FCSVBSZ 
A*$4&1IFMEBU,**5 #IVCBOFTXBSEVSJOH%FDFNCFS
  36. Mr. Das, S. Sarkar, (Dr. Malobika Karanjai) presented a
QBQFSPOi*OWFTUJHBUJPOPGUIF8JSF&%.$IBSBDUFSJTUJDT
26. Mr. S. Harish (Dr. R. Gopalan) made a poster presentation
PO $15JUBOJVN 1PXEFS .FUBMMVSHZ $PNQPOFOUT o"O
on "A Novel Synthesis Method for Tetrahedrite
34. "QQSPBDIw BU UIF hSE "OOVBM 5FDIOJDBM .FFU
for Thermoelectric Generator Application" at the
International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and
‘International Symposium for Research Scholars on
Particulate Materials (PM17)’ held at New Delhi during
.FUBMMVSHZ  .BUFSJBMT 4DJFODF  &OHJOFFSJOH IFME BU **5
'FCSVBSZ 
.BESBT $IFOOBJEVSJOH%FDFNCFS 
27. Mr. Sanyam Jain (Dr. P.H. Borse) made a poster 37. Ms. S. Menakshi and N.Rajalakshmi presented a paper
presentation on “Spray Pyrolysis Deposition of Tin Sulfide PO 0QFSBUJPOBM FYQFSJFODF PG 1&.'$ TUBDL XJUI
GPS 5IFSNPFMFDUSJD &OFSHZ "QQMJDBUJPOw BU A$IFNJDBM DPNCJOFEIFBUBOEXBUFS)VNJEJUZQFSTQFDUJWFBUUIF
&OHJOFFSJOH UPXBSET 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU h*OUFSOBUJPOBM$POGFSFODFPO.FNCSBOF5FDIOPMPHZBOE
$)&.$0/
IFMEBU$IFOOBJEVSJOH%FDFNCFS JUT"QQMJDBUJPO .&.4&1
hIFMEBU/*5 5JSVDIJSBQQBMMJ
30, 2016. EVSJOH'FCSVBSZ 

%S &BTXBSBNPPSUIJ 3BNBTBNZ QSFTFOUFE B QBQFS 38. Ms. Prithi J, (Dr.N.Rajalakshmi), presented a paper on
PO i"NCJFOU1SPDFTTFE 1FSPWTLJUF 4PMBS $FMMTw BU UIF i/BöPO CBTFE $PNQPTJUF &MFDUSPMZUFT GPS 1&.'$

119
Events, Data and Statistics

)ZESPDBSCPOCBTFE.FNCSBOFTBU.&.4&1IFME Participation in Indian Conferences/Symposia/


BU/*5 5JSVDIJSBQQBMMJEVSJOH'FCSVBSZ  Seminars/ Workshops/Exhibitions
39. Mr. T. Ramesh, (Dr.N. Rajalakshmi) presented a paper on
1. Dr. L. Rama Krishna attended a workshop on “New
"Hierarchically Porous Carbon Derived from Agricultural
Generation Smart Weapons” held at Advanced System
Resource for High Power Supercapacitor Application"
Laboratory (ASL), Hyderabad on May 18, 2016.
BU UIF h*OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO /BOPTDJFODF BOE
/BOPUFDIOPMPHZhIFMEBU"MMBIBCBEEVSJOH.BS   %S +PZEJQ +PBSEBS BUUFOEFE UIF A4"&*/%*" 5PQUFDI
2017. Workshop on Application of Lubricants in Automotives’
40. Mr. Balamurugan (Dr. N. Rajalakshmi) presented a paper IFMEBU$IFOOBJEVSJOH+VMZ 
PO 4ZOUIFTJT PG 5SJNFUBMMJD 1U. "MMPZ $BUBMZTU GPS  .T , %JWZB BUUFOEFE UIF XPSLTIPQ POA%1SJOUJOH "
0YZHFO 3FEVDUJPO 3FBDUJPO GPS 1&.'$T BQQMJDBUJPO %JTSVQUJWF5FDIOPMPHZPGUIJT&SBIFMEBU*OEJBO*OTUJUVUF
BU UIF h*OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO /BOPTDJFODF BOE PG5FDIOPMPHZ **5
#PNCBZ .VNCBJEVSJOH"VHVTU
/BOPUFDIOPMPHZh IFMEBU"MMBIBCBEEVSJOH.BSDI  23, 2016.
2017.
4. Dr. R.Balaji attended the ‘International Seminar on India’s
41. Mr. Imran Karajagi (Dr. K.Ramya) presented a poster on “A -FBQUP.FUIBOPM&DPOPNZ0QQPSUVOJUJFT0QUJPOTGPS
4JMWFS#BTFE#JGVODUJPOBM$BUBMZTUGPS;JOD"JS$FMMTwBUUIF &OFSHZ4FDVSJUZIFMEBU/FX%FMIJEVSJOH4FQUFNCFS
h*OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO "EWBODFE 3FDIBSHFBCMF 07, 2016.
#BUUFSJFT BOE "MMJFE .BUFSJBMT *$"3#. 
 IFME BU
1VOFEVSJOH.BSDI   %S - 3BNB ,SJTIOB  %S 4BOKBZ #IBSEXBK BOE .S 7JWFL
Patel attended “Managing IP conference (MIPCON)” held
42. Mr. Swapnil H. Adsul (Dr R. Subasri) made a poster
BU)ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH4FQUFNCFS 
presentation on "Corrosion Behaviour Study of
/BOPDMBZCBTFE4PMHFM$PBUJOHTPO.H"MMPZ";%BU 6. Dr. P. Uday Bhaskar and Mr. Amol C. Badgujar participated
UIFA*OUFSOBUJPOBM$POGFSFODFPOUIF&NFSHJOH5SFOETJO JOUIFA8PSLTIPQPO.FUBMMVSHZGPS/PO.FUBMMVSHJTUIFME
.BUFSJBMTBOE.BOVGBDUVSJOH&OHJOFFSJOH J..& at Hyderabad on September 15, 2016.

 IFME BU /*5   5JSVDIJSBQQBMMJ EVSJOH .BSDI  
 .S & "OCV 3BTV BUUFOEFE UIF XPSLTIPQ PO A8FMEJOH
2017.
PG "MVNJOJVN BOE JUT "MMPZT IFME BU #)&-  5JSVDIJSBQQMJ
43. Ms. P. Tejassvi (Dr. T.N. Rao) made a poster presentation on EVSJOH0DUPCFS 
&OIBODFE&MFDUSPDIFNJDBM1FSGPSNBODFPG&MFDUSPTQVO
4J0 /BOPöCFST BT #JOEFS'SFF "OPEF BU UIF A/"/0 8. Ms. S. Nirmala and Ms. Rambha Singh attended the ‘81st
*/%*"IFMEBU**5%FMIJ /FX%FMIJEVSJOH.BSDI 4FNJOBSDVN)JOEJ8PSLTIPQPO0óDJBM-BOHVBHF)JOEJ
16, 2017. JO 5PEBZhT $IBOHJOH 4DFOBSJP IFME BU /BJOJUBM EVSJOH
0DUPCFS 
.S & )BSJNPIBO %S 5/ 3BP
 NBEF B QPTUFS
QSFTFOUBUJPO PO (SBQIFOF.PEJöFE &MFDUSPEFQPTJUFE 9. Dr. S. Kavita attended the “National Conference on Study
Dendritic Porous Tin Structures as Binder Free Anode for of Matter Using Intense Radiation Sources and Under
)JHI1FSGPSNBODF-JUIJVN4VMGVS#BUUFSJFTBUUIFA/"/0 &YUSFNF $POEJUJPOTw IFME BU $POTPSUJVN GPS 4DJFOUJöD
*/%*"IFMEBU**5%FMIJ /FX%FMIJEVSJOH.BSDI 3FTFBSDI 6($%"&$43
*OEPSFEVSJOH/PWFNCFS 
16, 2017. 2016.
45. Ms. P.M. Pratheeksha (Dr. S. Anandan) made a poster 10. Ms. Priya Anish Mathews attended a ‘Seminar on Industrial
QSFTFOUBUJPOPOi%FWFMPQNFOUPG*OEJHFOPVT&MFDUSPEF Designs’ held at Hyderabad on November 10, 2016.
.BUFSJBMT CZ -BSHF 4DBMF 1SPDFTT GPS -JJPO #BUUFSZ
.T 1SJZB "OJTI .BUIFXT BUUFOEFE UIF A1BU4JHIU*1
"QQMJDBUJPOwBUA/"/0*/%*"IFMEBU**5%FMIJ /FX
Symposium’ held at Hyderabad on December 02, 2016.
%FMIJEVSJOH.BSDI 
46. Mr. K. Nanaji (Dr. S. Anandan) made a poster presentation 12. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi attended the "5th International
on “Facile Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon by Hydrogen and Fuel cell Conference" held at Hyderabad
&WBQPSBUJPO*OEVDFE4FMG"TTFNCMZBT&MFDUSPEF.BUFSJBM EVSJOH%FDFNCFS 
GPS 4VQFS $BQBDJUPST XJUI &OIBODFE 3BUF $BQBCJMJUZw BU .S 5 7FOV BOE .S + #BOTJMBM BUUFOEFE UIF 5FDIOJDBM
A/"/0*/%*"IFMEBU**5%FMIJ /FX%FMIJEVSJOH 8PSLTIPQPOh(FOFSBM"XBSFOFTTPG4FSWJDF3VMFT0óDF
.BSDI  1SPDFEVSFThIFMEBU/FX%FMIJEVSJOH+BOVBSZ 
47. Mr. Shaik Riyaazuddien (Dr. Malobika Karanjai)
.T1SJZB"OJTI.BUIFXTBUUFOEFEUIFh8PSLTIPQPO*13
QSFTFOUFE B QBQFS POi$PNQBSJTPO PG /BOP4USVDUVSFE
.BOBHFNFOUhIFMEBU*$"3 /FX%FMIJEVSJOH+BOVBSZ
Nickel Phosphide film on Graphite Substrate versus
14, 2017.
'50 4VCTUSBUFTw BU UIF h/BUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO
Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Technologies 15. Dr. S. Kavita attended the “International Conference on
/$"..5
h IFME BU 43. 6OJWFSTJUZ  $IFOOBJ EVSJOH .BHOFUJD .BUFSJBMT BOE "QQMJDBUJPOT *$."(."

.BSDI  IFMEBU)ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH'FCSVBSZ 

120
Events, Data and Statistics

16. Dr. R.Balaji, Mr. N. Srinivas and Mr. Harigopi attended .S57FOV BOE .T 3BNCIB 4JOHI BUUFOEFE UIFA4IPSU
B h$POGFSFODF  &YIJCJUJPO %*(*5&$)."/  o Term Translation Training Course’ held at Hyderabad
Digital Manufacturing and Smart Technologies’ held EVSJOH/PWFNCFS%FDFNCFS 
BU &OHJOFFSJOH 4UBò $PMMFHF PG *OEJB &4$*
 )ZEFSBCBE 12. Dr. Pramod H. Borse attended a training programme
EVSJOH.BSDI  POh&OUSFQSFOFVS *OOPWBUJPO5SBOTGPSNJOH*EFBTUP
17. Dr. S. Kumar, Mr. Naveen M. Chavan and Dr. K. Suresh Business 2016’ held at Hyderabad on December 09, 2016.
BUUFOEFE  UIFA*OUFSOBUJPOBM 8PSLTIPQ PO )JHI &OUSPQZ 13. Dr. S. Sakthivel and Dr. Ravi N Bathe attended a training
.BUFSJBMT *8)&.
IFMEBU6OJWFSTJUZPG)ZEFSBCBE  QSPHSBNNFPOh4USBUFHJD3%.BOBHFNFOUhDPOEVDUFE
)ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH.BSDI  by Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI), Hyderabad
EVSJOH%FDFNCFS 
%S:43BPBUUFOEFEUIFA/*"4%451SPHSBNPO4DJFODF 
Technology and Innovation Policy’ held at NIAS, Bengaluru 14. Dr. K. Suresh and Dr K.Ramya, attended a training
EVSJOH.BSDI  QSPHSBNNF PO h4DJFODF (PWFSOBODF  .BOBHFNFOU
IFMEBU"4$* )ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH%FDFNCFS 
19. Mr. A. Srinivas attended a ‘Seminar on RTI Act, 2005’ held
15. Dr. P.K. Jain has attended a Course on ‘Innovation in
at New Delhi on March 27, 2017.
Technology Management’ held at ASCI, Hyderabad
EVSJOH+BOVBSZ 
Participation in Training Programmes in India
.S,3$4PNB3BKV .S%43FEEZ .S+73BPBOE.S
1. Dr. K. Murugan and Dr. D. C. Jana attended the training #43BPQBSUJDJQBUFEJOUIFh*O)PVTF5SBJOJOHPO4QSBZ
QSPHSBN PO h$PNNVOJDBUJPO  1SFTFOUBUJPO 4LJMMTh 1BJOUJOHhIFMEBU"3$*PO+BOVBSZ 
$PNNVOJDBUJOH "TTFSUJWFMZ
 IFME BU &4$*  )ZEFSBCBE
EVSJOH"QSJM  17. Dr. Malobika Karanjai and Dr. D. Sivaprahasam attended
UIF USBJOJOH QSPHSBNNF PO h&NPUJPOBM *OUFMMJHFODF BU
 .S4"SVOBOE.S-7FOLBUFTIBUUFOEFEUIFA1SPGFTTJPOBM the Workplace for Scientist and Technologist’ held at
Development Programme on Personality Development’ )ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH+BOVBSZ'FCSVBSZ 
IFMEBU&4$* )ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH.BZ 
.S (. 3BK ,VNBS  .S # 7FOLBUFTIBN BOE .S 3
3. Mr. K.R.C. Soma Raju attended the five day training Ranga Naik attended the ‘PFMS Module Training’ held at
programme on Monitoring and Prevention of Industrial )ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH'FCSVBSZ 
$PSSPTJPOIFMEBU$4*3/BUJPOBM.FUBMMVSHJDBM-BCPSBUPSZ 
+BNTIFEQVSEVSJOH.BZ  .S57FOVBUUFOEFEUIFUSBJOJOHQSPHSBNNFPOh35*"DU
hIFMEBU$IFOOBJPO'FCSVBSZ 
4. Dr. S. Kumar, Dr. Gururaj Telasang, Mr. Naveen M. Chavan
and Ms. K. Divya participated in the ‘Toptech Program 20. Mr. K. Srinivasa Rao, Mr. Anirban Battacharjee, Mr. G.M.
Course on Aerospace Standard Practices’ held at 3BK,VNBS .T1,BNBM7BJTIBMJBOE.S,/BSFTI,VNBS
Hyderabad on July 07, 2016. BUUFOEFE UIF USBJOJOH QSPHSBNNF PO h(PWFSONFOU
F.BSLFU1MBDF (F.
1SPDVSFNFOUNBEF4NBSUIFMEBU
5. Dr. G. Ravi Chandra, Dr. K. Suresh, Mr. S. Sudhakara Sarma, CGO Towers, Hyderabad on February 22, 2017.
%S,SJTIOB7BMMFUJ %S4,VNBS .S1774SJOJWBT %S16EBZ
Bhaskar and Mr. Amol C Badgujar attended the Short 21. Mr. Srinivasa Atchuta and Mr. M. Shiva Prasad attended
$PVSTFPOh.FUBMMVSHZGPS/PO.FUBMMVSHJTUT ./.
 UIFUSBJOJOHDPVSTFPOh%FTJHOJOHPG$PODFOUSBUFE4PMBS
IFMEBU%.3- )ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH+VMZ  5IFSNBM  4PMBS 8BUFS )FBUJOH 4ZTUFNTh BU /BUJPOBM
*OTUJUVUF PG 4PMBS &OFSHZ /*4&
 )BSZBOB  EVSJOH .BSDI
6. Mr. G.M. Raj Kumar and Mr. P. Sai Kishore attended the  
USBJOJOH1SPHSBNNFPOh5BY3FMBUFE*TTVFTIFMEBU&4$* 
Chennai on July 15, 2016. %S1,+BJO .S7#BMBKJ3BP %S34VCBTSJ %S#14BIB %S
Sanjay Bhardwaj, Dr. S. Sakthivel, Dr. I. Ganesh, Dr. Joydip
7. Mr. G. Ramesh Reddy attended the training Programme +PBSEBS  .S ,7 1IBOJ 1SBCIBLBS  %S #7 4BSBEB  %S 4.
POh.%1PO1VCMJD1SPDVSFNFOUIFMEBU'BSJEBCBEEVSJOH Shariff, Dr. Ravi N Bathe, Dr. K. Suresh, Dr. Neha Y Hebalhar,
+VMZ  Dr. Kaliyan Hembram, Dr. K. Murugan, Dr. Dulal Chandra
 .S"4SJOJWBTBUUFOEFEUIFUSBJOJOH4FTTJPOGPSh"MJHOJOH Jana, Dr. M. Buchi Suresh, Ms. S. Nirmala, Mr. R. Senthil
the Public Authorities under Department of Science & ,VNBS  .S 4 4VEIBLBSB 4BSNB  %S 3 &BTXBSBNPPSUIJ 
Technology with the RTI Online Portal of DoPT’ held at Mr. Prasenjit Barick, Ms. Papiya Biswas, Mr. S. Arun and Mr.
New Delhi on November 18, 2016. 1BOEV3BNBWBUIBUUFOEFEUIFUXPEBZ*OIPVTFUSBJOJOH
QSPHSBNNFPOh-FBEFSTIJQ&YDFMMFODFUISPVHI&òFDUJWF
9. Dr. N.Rajalakshmi and Ms. Priya Anish Mathews attended
$PNNVOJDBUJPOhIFMEBU"3$*)ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH.BSDI
UIF QSPHSBNNF PO h*OUFHSBUFE 4DJFOUJöD 1SPKFDU
 
Management for Women Scientists/Technologists’ held
BU)ZEFSBCBEEVSJOH/PWFNCFS 
10. Dr. R. Subasri and Mr D.S. Reddy attended the all
*OEJB USBJOJOH QSPHSBN PO h*OEVTUSJBM .FUBM 'JOJTIJOH 
&MFDUSPQMBUJOH 5FDIOPMPHJFT  "FSPTQBDF $IFNJDBMT
1SPDFTTIFMEBU#FOHBMVSVEVSJOH/PWFNCFS 
121
Patents' Portfolio

Patents’ Portfolio
National Patents Granted

Patent
Sl. Patent Date of Date of
Title of Patent Application
No. Number Grant Filing
Number
1. A Solar Drier 184674 23/09/2000 487/ 08/06/1994
MAS/1994
2. A Solar Cooker 184675 25/05/2001 498/ 13/06/1994
MAS/1994
3. An Indirect Heated Catalytic Converter for use with 185433 10/08/2001 809/ 25/08/1994
7FIJDMFT MAS/1994
4. A Process for the Preparation of Short Ceramic Fibres 186751 07/06/2002 537/ 20/05/1994
MAS/1994
5. "1SPDFTTPG1SPEVDJOH$IFNJDBMMZ5SFBUFE&YQBOEFE 187654 05/12/2002 562/ 07/06/1995
Graphite and a Device having Such Graphite MAS/1994

6. A Process for Preparation of Reaction Bonded Silicon 195429 31/08/2006 1886/ 28/10/1996
Carbide Components MAS/1996
7. New Composite Material Having Good Shock 194524 02/01/2006 976/ 06/05/1998
Attenuating Properties and a process for the Preparation MAS/1998
of Said Material
8. Improved Process for the Preparation of Magnesium 200272 02/05/2006 29/ 07/01/1999
Aluminate Spinel Grains MAS/1999
9. $FSBNJD)POFZ$PNC#BTFE&OFSHZ&óDJFOU"JS)FBUFS 200787 02/06/2006 30/ 07/01/1999
MAS/1999
10. A Process for the Preparation of Improved Alumina 198068 16/02/2006 122/ 18/02/2000
Based Abrasive Material, an Additive Composition and a MAS/2000
Process for the Preparation of the Composition
11. A Process for the Production of Dense Magnesium 198208 16/02/2006 520/ 06/07/2000
Aluminate Spinel Grains MAS/2000

12. "O*NQSPWFE.FUIPEGPS.BLJOH)POFZDPNC&YUSVTJPO 198045 13/01/2006 538/ 03/07/2001


Die and a Process for Producing Ceramic Honeycomb MAS/2001
Structure using the Said Die

13. Device for Gas Dynamic Deposition of Powder Materials 198651 25/01/2006 944/ 22/11/2001
MAS/2001
14. "O&WBQPSBUJPO#PBUVTFGVMGPS.FUBMMJ[BUJPOBOEB 201511 01/03/2007 882/ 31/10/2003
Process for the Preparation of Such Boats $)&
15. 1SPDFTTGPS$BSCPUIFSNJD3FEVDUJPOPG*SPO0YJEFJOBO 205728 16/04/2007 546/ 01/07/2003
*NNJTDJCMF'MPXXJUI$POTUBOU%FTDFOUJO7FSUJDBM3FUPSU $)&
of Silicon Carbide
16. A Process for Preparing Ceramic Crucibles 207700 20/06/2007 806/ 26/09/2000
MAS/2000
17. A Process for Forming Coatings on Metallic Bodies and 209817 06/09/2007 945/ 22/11/2001
an Apparatus for Carrying out the Process MAS/2001
18. A Method and a Device for Applying a Protective Carbon 211922 13/11/2007 719/ 08/07/1999
Coating on Metallic Surfaces MAS/1999
19. An Improved Boronizing Composition 220370 27/05/2008 289/ 03/04/2001
MAS/2001

122
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Patent
Sl. Patent Date of Date of
Title of Patent Application
No. Number Grant Filing
Number
20. Titanium Based Biocomposite Material useful for 228353 03/02/2009 2490/ 14/09/2005
Orthopaedic and other Implants and a Process for its %&-
Preparation
21. An Improved Method of Forming Holes on a Substrate 239647 29/03/2010 3205/ 29/11/2005
using Laser Beams %&-
22. A Method of and an Apparatus for Continuous 247547 19/04/2011 670/ 30/03/2007
Humidification of Hydrogen Delivered to Fuel Cells $)&

23. An Improved Process for the Preparation of Doped 254913 03/01/2013 1669/ 20/07/2006
;JOD0YJEF/BOPQPXEFSVTFGVMGPSUIF1SFQBSBUJPOPG %&-
7BSJTUPST
24. A Device for Controlling the On & Off Time of the Metal 262189 05/08/2014 1610/ 21/06/2005
0YJEF4FNJ$POEVDUPS'JFME&òFDU5SBOTJTUPS .04'&5
 %&-
A Device for Spark Coating the Surfaces of Metal
Workpiece Incorporating the said Control Device and a
Method of Coating Metal Surfaces using the said Device

25. An Improved Catalyst Ink useful for Preparing Gas 277778 30/11/2016 680/ 18/03/2008
%JòVTJPO&MFDUSPEFBOEBO*NQSPWFE1&.'VFM$FMM %&-

26. "O*NQSPWFE1SPDFTTGPSUIF1SFQBSBUJPOPG&YGPMJBUFE 281504 20/03/2017 1206/ 17/05/2006


Graphite Separator Plates useful in Fuel Cells, the Plates %&-
Prepared by the Process and a Fuel Cell Incorporating
the Said Plates

National Patent Applications Awaiting Grant

Sl. Title of Patent Patent Application Date of filing


No. Number
01. "1SPDFTTGPSUIF1SFQBSBUJPOPG/BOPTJMWFSBOE/BOPTJMWFS$PBUFE %&- 19/10/2005
Ceramic Powders
02. Novel Ceramic Materials Having Improved Mechanical Properties and %&- 19/12/2005
Process for their Preparation
03. An Improved Hydrophilic Membrane useful for Humidification of Gases %&- 17/05/2006
in Fuel Cells and a Process for its Preparation
04. An Improved Process for Preparing Nanotungsten Carbide Powder useful %&- 12/01/2007
for Fuel Cells
05. A Hydrophilic Membrane Based Humidifier useful for Fuel Cells %&- 16/01/2007

06. *NQSPWFE'VFM$FMMIBWJOH&OIBODFE1FSGPSNBODF %&- 21/03/2007

07. An Improved Method for the Generation of Hydrogen from a Metal %&- 23/05/2007
Borohydride and a Device Therfor
08. Improved Cylindrical Magnetron Cathode and a Process for Depositing %&- 03/01/2008
Thin Films on Surfaces using the said Cathode
09. *NQSPWFE&MFDUSPEF.FNCSBOF"TTFNCMZBOEB.FUIPEPG.BLJOHUIF %&- 13/03/2008
Assembly
10. A Process for Continuous Coating Deposition and an Apparatus for %&- 01/08/2008
Carrying out the Process
11. "O*NQSPWFE(BT'MPX'JFME1MBUFGPSVTFJO1PMZNFS&MFDUSPMZUF %&- 13/10/2008
.FNCSBOF'VFM$FMMT 1&.'$

12. Improved Method of Producing Highly Stable Aqueous Nano Titania %&- 09/04/2009
Suspension

123
Patents' Portfolio

Sl. Title of Patent Patent Application Date of filing


No. Number
13. Novel Copper Foils having High Hardness and Conductivity and a Pulse %&- 20/05/2009
3FWFSTF&MFDUSPEFQPTJUJPO.FUIPEGPSUIFJS1SFQBSBUJPO
14. "O*NQSPWFE.FUIPEGPS1SFQBSJOH/JDLFM&MFDUSPEFQPTJUFEIBWJOH %&- 15/07/2009
Predetermined Hardness Gradient
15. An Improved Composition for Coating Metallic Surfaces, and a Process %&- 17/03/2010
for Coating Such Surfaces using the Composition
16. An Improved Gas and Coolant Flow Field Plate for use in Polymer %&- 22/06/2010
&MFDUSPMZUF.FNCSBOF'VFM$FMMT 1&.'$

17. Improved Process for the Preparation of Stable Suspension of Nano Silver %&- 04/08/2010
Particles having Antibacterial Activity
18. Improved Method for Producing Carbon Containing Silica Aerogel %&- 08/10/2010
Granules
19. Improved Scratch and Abrasion Resistant Compositions for Coating %&- 12/10/2010
Plastic Surfaces, a Process for their Preparation and a Process for Coating
using the Compositions
20. An Improved Method for Producing ZnO Nanorods %&- 19/11/2010
21. *NQSPWFE1SPDFTTGPSUIF1SFQBSBUJPOPG#J'VODUJPOBM4JMJDB1BSUJDMFT %&- 22/12/2010
useful for Antibacterial and Self Cleaning Surfaces
22. An Improved Method of Preparing Porous Silicon Compacts %&- 31/03/2011

23. An Improved Process for Preparation of Nanosilver Coated Ceramic %&- 28/04/2011
Candle Filter
24. An Improved Abrasion Resistant and Hydrophobic Composition for %&- 02/05/2011
Coating Plastic Surfaces and a Process for its Preparation
25. An Improved Method for Making Sintered Polycrystalline Transparent %&- 10/05/2011
4VC.JDSPO"MVNJOB"SUJDMF
26. An Improved Hybrid Methodology for Producing Composite Multilayered %&- 17/10/2011
and Graded Coatings by Plasma Spraying Utilizing Powder and Solution
Precursor Feedstock
27. An Improved Composition for Solar Selective Coatings on Metallic %&- 22/11/ 2011
Surfaces and a Process for its Preparation and a Process for Coating using
the Composition
28. "1SPDFTTBOEB.VMUJ1JTUPO)PU1SFTTGPS1SPEVDJOH1PXEFS.FUBMMVSHZ %&- 28/12/ 2011
Component, such as Cerametallic Friction Composite
29. A novel Process for Produced IR Transparent Polycrystalline Alumina %&- 08/02/2012
Article and the Article so Produced
30. A Process for Preparing Nanocrystalline Olivine Structure Transition Metal %&- 14/02/2012
Phosphate Material
31. An Improved Aqueous Method for Producing Transparent Aluminium %&- 08/05/2012
0YZ/JUSJEF "-0/
"SUJDMFT
32. A Device for and A Method of Cooling Fuel Cells %&- 08/05/2012

33. An Improved Solar Selective Multilayer Coating and a Method of %&- 22/05/2012
Depositing the Same
34. A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Tungsten Disulphide Nanosheets %&- 04/06/2012

35. &OIBODFE5IFSNBM.BOBHFNFOU4ZTUFNTGPS'VFM$FMM"QQMJDBUJPOT6TJOH %&- 07/06/2012


Nanofluid Coolant
36. 1SPDFTTGPS1SPEVDJOH"OUJ3FøFDUJWF$PBUJOHTXJUI4DSBUDI3FTJTUBODF %&- 11/06/2012
Property
37. *NQSPWFE.FUIPEPG.BOVGBDUVSJOH$PQQFS*OEJVN(BMMJVN%JTFMFOJEF %&- 05/07/2012
Thin Films by Laser Treatment

124
Patents' Portfolio

Sl. Title of Patent Patent Application Date of filing


No. Number
38. &MFDUSPOJDBMMZBOE*POJDBMMZ$POEVDUJOH.VMUJ-BZFS'VFM$FMM&MFDUSPEF %&- 17/07/2012
and a Method for Making the Same
39. 'VFM$FMM4ZTUFN&RVJQQFEXJUI0YZHFO&OSJDINFOU4ZTUFN6TJOH %&- 25/09/2012
Magnet
40. ")JHI5IFSNBM4UBCMF4FMFDUJWF4PMBS"CTPSCFSMBZFSXJUI-PX&NJTTJWF %&- 29/10/2012
Barrier Coating over a Substrate and a Process of Producing the Same
41. "1PMZNFS&MFDUSPMZUF.FNCSBOF 1&.
$FMMBOEB.FUIPEPG1SPEVDJOH %&- 29/10/2012
Hydrogen from Aqueous Organic Solutions
42. An Improved Test Control System useful For Fuel Cell Stack Monitoring %&- 31/01/2013
and Controlling
43. A Novel Laser Surface Modification Technique for Hardening Steel %&- 06/02/2013

44. "O*NQSPWFE4PMBS4FMFDUJWF"CTPSCFS$PBUJOHXJUI&YDFMMFOU0QUJDBM %&- 16/04/2013


"CTPSQUBODF -PX5IFSNBM&NJTTJWJUZBOE&YDFMMFOU$PSSPTJPO3FTJTUBODF
Property and a Process of Producing the Same
45. An Improved Composition for Coating Anodizable Metal Surfaces and a %&- 03/05/2013
Process of Coating the Same
46. A Method of Preparation of Supported Platinum Nano Particle Catalyst in %&- 24/05/2013
5VCVMBS'MPX3FBDUPS7JB1PMZDPM1SPDFTT
47. An Improved Composition for Antireflective Coating with Improved %&- 05/08/2013
Mechanical Properties and a Process of Coating the Same
48. 1SPDFTTGPS1SPEVDJOH"OUJ3FøFDUJWF$PBUJOHT8JUI"OUJ'PHHJOH 4VQFS %&- 03/10/2013
)ZESPQIJMJD
67 8FBUIFSBOE4DSBUDI3FTJTUBODF1SPQFSUJFT
49. An Improved Process for Obtaining a Transparent, Protective Coating on %&- 17/10/2013
#J"TQIFSJD1MBOP$POWFY-FOTFTNBEFPG0QUJDBM(SBEF1MBTUJDTGPSVTF
in Indirect Ophthalmoscopy
50. &YGPMJBUFE(SBQIJUF4FQBSBUPSCBTFE&MFDUSPMZ[FSGPS)ZESPHFO %&- 17/10/2013
Generation
51. .VMUJ5SBDL-BTFS4VSGBDF)BSEFOJOHPG-PX$BSCPO$PME3PMMFE$MPTFMZ 1411/KOL/2013 13/12/2013
Annealed (CRCA) Grades of Steels
52. "4VQFS)ZESPQIPCJD$PBUJOHXJUI)JHI0QUJDBM1SPQFSUJFTIBWJOH&BTZ %&- 12/02/2014
UP$MFBO1SPQFSUZ 67BOE$PSSPTJPO3FTJTUBODF1SPQFSUJFT B1SPDFTTPG
Preparation and Application of the Same
53. )JHI5FNQFSBUVSF1PMZNFS&MFDUSPMZUF.FNCSBOF'VFM$FMMTXJUI %&- 20/02/2014
&YGPMJBUFE(SBQIJUFCBTFE#JQPMBS1MBUFT
54. .FUIPEPG%FQPTJUJPOPG%PVCMF1FSPWTLJUFPG4S'F/JPCJVN0YJEF'JMN %&- 29/04/2014
on a Substrate by Spray Coating Technique and the Coated Substrate
Thereof
55. "O*NQSPWFE1SPDFTTUP.BLF$PBUJOH$PNQPTJUJPOTGPS5SBOTQBSFOU 67 %&- 29/04/2014
Blocking on Glass and a Process of Coating the Same
56. .FUIPEPG1SPEVDJOH.VMUJGVODUJPOBM4FMG"TTFNCMFE.JYFE1IBTF %&- 19/12/2014
Titania Spheres
57. Method of Producing Porous MgF2 Nanoparticles, Antireflection Coating %&- 31/12/2014
4VTQFOTJPOBOE$PBUJOHTGPS4PMBS0QUJDBM67BOE*35SBOTQBSFOU8JOEPX
Applications
58. "/PWFM&MFDUSPDIFNJDBM.FUIPEGPS.BOVGBDUVSJOH$*(45IJO'JMN %&- 16/02/2015
Containing Nanomesh Like Structure
59. "O*NQSPWFE1FSGPSNBODFPG/BOPDPNQPTJUF0YJEF4FMFDUJWF"CTPSCFS %&- 22/04/ 2015
$PBUJOHXJUI&YDFMMFOU0QUJDBMBOE5IFSNBM3FTJTUBOU1SPQFSUJFTBOE
Method of Manufacturing the Same

125
Patents' Portfolio

Sl. Title of Patent Patent Application Date of filing


No. Number
60. Process and Apparatus for Protection of Structural Members from Wear, %&- 22/06/ 2015
Corrosion and Fatigue Damage
61. ".FUIPEPG1SFQBSJOHPG"OUJ5BSOJTIJOH0SHBOJD*OPSHBOJD)ZCSJE4PM %&- 07/07/2015
Gel and Coating The Same
62. An Improved Process for Producing Silica Aerogel Thermal Insulation %&- 15/07/ 2015
1SPEVDUXJUI*ODSFBTFE&óDJFODZ
63. 4PMBS4FMFDUJWF$PBUJOH'PS4PMBS&OFSHZ$PMMFDUPS"CTPSCFS5VCFTXJUI %&- 15/07/ 2015
Improved Performance and a Method of Producing the Same
64. .FUIPEPG1SPEVDJOH)JHI1FSGPSNBODF7JTJCMF-JHIU"DUJWF %&- 25/08/ 2015
1IPUPDBUBMZUJD.BUFSJBMTGPS4FMG$MFBOJOH"QQMJDBUJPOT
65. 1SPEVDUJPOPG(SBQIFOF#BTFE.BUFSJBMTCZ5IFSNBM4QSBZ %&- 25/08/ 2015
66. .FUIPEPG1SFQBSBUJPOPG)JHI1FSGPSNBODF;O07BSJTUPSTBOE*NQSPWFE %&- 03/09/ 2015
Compositions
67. An Improved Coating Composition to Provide Prolonged Corrosion %&- 28/09/ 2015
Protection to Anodizable Metal Surfaces and Process of Preparing the
Same
68. A Method and an Apparatus for Preparing Nickel Tungsten based 201611001190 13/01/2016
Nanocomposite Coating Deposition
69. "1SPDFTTGPS*O4JUV$BSCPO$PBUJOHPO"MLBMJ5SBOTJUJPO.FUBM0YJEFT 201611007461 03/03/2016
70. An Improved Process for the Preparation of Stable Nano Silver 201611027145 09/08/2016
Suspension having Antimicrobial Activity
71. "-BTFSCBTFE4VSGBDF1SPDFTTJOH"QQBSBUVTBOEB.FUIPEUP1SPDFTT 201611034362 07/10/2016
Metallic Materials and Components
72. "O*NQSPWFE1SPDFTTPG$BSCPO.FUBM0YJEF$PNQPTJUFT1SFQBSFECZ 201611034531 07/10/2016
Nano Casting of Wood and the Product Thereof
73. "NFUIPEGPS1SPEVDJOH*OPSHBOJD#POEFE4JMJDBCBTFE&DP'SJFOEMZ 201611036479 25/10/2016
Artificial Marble Articles and the Product Thereof
74. An Improved Coating Composition to Provide Flame Retardant Property 201611040091 23/11/2016
to Fabrics and Process of Preparing the Same
75. Method of Producing Hollow MgF2/BOPQBSUJDMFT "OUJ3FøFDUJPO 201611041804 07/12/2016
Coating Sols and Coatings for Optical and Solar Applications
76. A Method of Producing High Performance Lithium Titanate Anode 201711006147 21/02/2017
Material for Lithium Ion Battery Applications
77. Method of Producing Graphene like Structured Nanoporous Carbon 201711006697 24/02/2017
.BUFSJBMGSPN+VUF4UJDLCBTFE#JP8BTUFGPS&OFSHZ4UPSBHF"QQMJDBUJPOT
and the Product Thereof
78. An Improved Gas Dynamic Cold Spray Device and Method of Coating a 201711006749 26/02/2017
Substrate
79. "/PWFM&RVJQNFOUUP"DDPNQMJTI1PXFS.FUBMMVSHZ1SPDFTTJOH4UBSUJOH 201711011552 30/03/2017
From the ‘Raw Materials’ to Finished Product

International Patents Granted and Awaiting Grant

Sl. Title of Patent Country Patent Number Date of Date of Indian /


No. / Application Grant filing Family
Number Patent
Details
1. Process for Forming Coatings on USA US6893551B2 17/05/2005 02/08/2002 209817
Metallic Bodies and an Apparatus
for Carrying out the Process

126
Patents' Portfolio Patents' Portfolio

Sl. Title of Patent Country Patent Number Date of Date of Indian /


No. / Application Grant filing Family
Number Patent
Details
2. A Device for Controlling the On & USA US8143550B2 27/03/2012 20/03/2006 20/03/2006
0ò5JNFPGUIF.FUBM0YJEF4FNJ
$POEVDUPS'JFME&òFDU5SBOTJTUPS
.04'&5
"%FWJDFGPS4QBSL
Coating the Surfaces of Metal
Workpiece Incorporating the said
Control Device and a Method of
Coating Metal Surfaces using the
said Device
3. A Process for the Preparation of South Africa 2006/8591 30/04/2008 13/10/2006 2786/
/BOP4JMWFSBOE/BOP4JMWFS$PBUFE Sri Lanka 14258 02/11/2011 17/10/2006 %&-
Ceramic Powders Indonesia IDP000044402 06/02/2017 18/10/2006
Bangladesh 233/2006  18/10/2006
4. A Process for Continuous Coating South Africa 2009/06786 26/05/2010 30/09/ 2009 1829/
Deposition and an Apparatus for UK 2464378 15/05/2013 02/10/2009 %&-
Carrying out the Process
USA 8486237 16/07/2013 14/10/2009
Japan  27/12/2013 15/10/2009
France 2937342 18/12/ 2015 12/10/2009
Brazil 1*  15/10/2009
5. Improved Process for the United GB2496089 18/06/2014 19/07/2011 1835/
Preparation of Stable Suspension Kingdom %&-
of Nano Silver Particles having Hong Kong 13107076.7  18/06/2013
Antibacterial Activity
6. .FUIPEPG%FQPTJUJOH&MFDUSJDBMMZ USA US8674262B2 18/03/2014 12/08/2011 1610/
$POEVDUJWF&MFDUSPEF.BUFSJBM %&-
POUPUIF4VSGBDFPGBO&MFDUSJDBMMZ Divisional
Conductive Work Piece Patent of
US81435
50B2
7. An Improved Hybrid Methodology South Africa 2012/02480  05/04/2012 2965/
for Producing Composite, Canada 2784395 16/09/2014 31/07/2012 %&-
Multilayered and Graded Coatings Brazil 102120221209  31/08/2012
by Plasma Spraying Utilizing
Germany 102012218448.1  10/10/2012
Powder and Solution Precursor
Feedstock France 1259820  15/10/2012

8. A Process for Continuous Coating USA US9365945B2 14/06/2016 14/06/2016 1835/


Deposition and an Apparatus for %&-
Carrying out the Process Divisional
patent of
US8486237
B2
9. A Device for Controlling the On & USA 14/190581  26/02/2014 
0ò5JNFPGUIF.FUBM0YJEF4FNJ Divisional
$POEVDUPS'JFME&òFDU5SBOTJTUPS Patent
.04'&5
"%FWJDFGPS4QBSL application
Coating the Surfaces of Metal of US81435
Workpiece Incorporating the said 50B2 and
US86742
Control Device and a Method of
62B2
Coating Metal Surfaces using the
said Device

127
Publications

Sl. Title of Patent Country Patent Number Date of Date of Indian /


No. / Application Grant filing Family
Number Patent
Details
10. .VMUJ5SBDL-BTFS4VSGBDF USA 15/103343  10/12/2014 1411/
Hardening of Low Carbon Cold KOL/2013
Rolled Closely Annealed (CRCA) Australia AU2014362928A  10/12/2014
Grades of Steels
11. An Improved Process for Producing To be WO/2017/  04 /07/2016 2141/
Silica Aerogel Thermal Insulation decided 009858 %&-
1SPEVDUXJUI*ODSFBTFE&óDJFODZ PCT/ IN2016/
000176

Spark Plasma Sintering Using Platinum Foil”, Ceramics


Journal Publications *OUFSOBUJPOBM 7PM 
Q 
1. M. Nuthalapati, S.K. Karak, J.D. Majumdar, D. Chakravarty  4 .JTISB  $ ,VODIJ  ,7FOLBUFTIBO  ( 3BWJ $IBOESB 
and A. Basu, “Corrosion Behavior and High Temperature RB Adusumalli , “Nanoindentaion and Tensile Testing
0YJEBUJPO ,JOFUJDT PG /BOP5J02/Y2O3 Dispersed of Human Hair Fibers”, Journal of Materials Science,
Zirconium Alloys”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 7PM 
Q 
7PM Q  11. D. Chakravarty, C.S. Tiwary, C.F. Woellner, S.
2. T. Arunnellaiappan, L. Rama Krishna, S. Anoop, R. Uma 3BEIBLSJTIOBO  4 7JOPE  4 0[EFO  1" %B 4JMWB  4
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Q  7PM 
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3. N.P. Wasekar, S.M. Latha, M. Ramakrishna, D.S. Rao 12. M.S.Prasad, K.C.S.Reddy and S. Sakthivel, “Development
BOE ( 4VOEBSBSBKBO  i1VMTFE &MFDUSPEFQPTJUJPO BOE PG$PTU&óDJFOU4PMBS3FDFJWFS5VCFXJUIB/PWFM5BOEFN
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$PBUJOHTw .BUFSJBMT%FTJHO 7PM Q  7PM Q 
 $4%FWJ  .#4VSFTI  (4 ,VNBS BOE ( 1SBTBE i)JHI 13. S. Kumar, G. Bae and C. Lee, “Influence of Substrate
5FNQFSBUVSF $PNQMFY *NQFEBODF BOE .PEVMVT Roughness on Bonding Mechanism in Cold Spray”,
Spectroscopic Studies of Doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3#B5J03 4VSGBDF  $PBUJOHT 5FDIOPMPHZ   7PM   Q  
'FSSPFMFDUSJD$FSBNJDTw *POJDT 7PM 
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Welding of Maraging Steel Thick Sections”, Materials Doped TiO2 GPS *NQSPWFE 7JTJCMF-JHIU 1IPUPDBUBMZUJD
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2016. Q 
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%SJFE /BOPTJ[FE 4JMJDPO $BSCJEF $POUBJOJOH (SBOVMFT PG 5SBOTQBSFOU "MVNJOVN 0YZOJUSJEFw  +PVSOBM PG UIF
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Strengthened Austenitic Steels”, Materials & Design, 18. S. Amit, Ashwini Kumar, Aravind Kumar, PK Jain, Y.K.Mishra
7PM Q  and R. Chandra, “Silicon Carbide Nanocauliflowers
9. P. Biswas, D. Chakravarty, M.B. Suresh, R. Johnson and for Symmetric Supercapacitor Devices”, Industrial &
M.K. Mohan, “Fabrication of Graphite Contamination &OHJOFFSJOH $IFNJTUSZ 3FTFBSDI  7PM 
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Free Polycrystalline Transparent MgAl2O4 Spinel By 9458, 2016.

128
Publications

 1 #JTXBT  13BNBWBUI  3 +PIOTPO BOE ,73BWJ  30. Sanju Rani, P.H. Borse, A.Pareek, N.Rajalakshmi, and
“Fabrication of IR Transparent Zinc Sulphide Plate by ,4 %IBUIBUISFZBO  i1IPUP$VSSFOU &OIBODFNFOU JO
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Strengthened 18Cr Ferritic Steel”, Metallurgical and 34. P.Sahani, S.K.Karak, B.Mishra, D. Chakravarty and
.BUFSJBMT5SBOTBDUJPO" 7PM Q  % $IBJSB  i&òFDU PG "M "EEJUJPO PO 4J$#$ $FSNFU
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PO UIF 0QUJDBM 1SPQFSUJFT PG 4PM(FM %FSJWFE  'VMMZ Sintering Methods”, International Journal of Refractory
Dielectric Solar Control Coatings on Glass”, Journal of .FUBMTBOE)BSE.BUFSJBMT 7PM Q 
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24. M. Battabyal, B. Priyadarshini, L. Pradipkanti, D.K. Nanomaterials and the Commercialization”, Renewable
Satapathy and R. Gopalan, “Phase Stability and BOE 4VTUBJOBCMF &OFSHZ 3FWJFXT  7PM  Qo 
Lattice Thermal Conductivity Reduction in CoSb3 2016.
Skutterudites, Doped with Chalcogen Atoms”, AIP 36. H.Subrmaniyam, D.Sivaprahasam, M.Battabyal and
"EWBODFT 7PM 
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2016. 7JTXBOBUIBO BOE / 1POQBOEJBO  i&YDIBOHF 4QSJOH
26. P. Biswas, P. Ramavath, C.M. Nair, M.B. Suresh, N. Ravi Magnetic Behavior in BaFe12O19/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites”,
BOE 3 +PIOTPO  i2VBTJ4UBUJD $PNQSFTTJPO #FIBWJPS +PVSOBMPG.BHOFUJTNBOE.BHOFUJD.BUFSJBMT 7PM 
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&MFDUSPDIFNJDBM 1SPQFSUJFT PG $PME 4QSBZFE /JPCJVN  4 ,BWJUB  7 7 3BNBLSJTIOB  " 4SJOJWBTBO BOE 3
$PBUJOHTw  4VSGBDF BOE $PBUJOHT5FDIOPMPHZ 7PM   Gopalan, “Structural and Magnetic Properties of the
Q  Low Temperature Phase MnBi with Ball Milling”, Material
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4 1BSJEB i&òFDU PG "MMPZJOH "EEJUJPO PO "OJTPUSPQJD 40. P. Biswas, A. Sharma, M. Krishnan, R. Johnson and
and Microstructural Characteristics of Ball Milled Iron”, M.K.Mohan, “Fabrication of MgAl2O4 Spinel Scaffolds
+PVSOBMPG"MMPZTBOE$PNQPVOET 7PM Q  and Sonochemical Synthesis and Deposition of
2016. )ZESPPYZBQBUJUF /BOPSPETw  +PVSOBM PG "NFSJDBO
29. N.Manjula, R.Balaji, K.Ramya, K.S.Dhathathereyan $FSBNJD4PDJFUZ 7PM 
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and A. Ramachandraiah, “Studies on Development of 41. R.Kumar, K. Singh, D. Chakravarty and A. Chowdhury,
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Reformation”, International Journal of Hydrogen 1150°C by Spark Plasma Sintering”, Scripta Materialia,
&OFSHZ 7PM 
Q  7PM Q 

129
Publications

42. N.P. Wasekar, P.Haridoss, S.K. Seshadri and G. 53. P. Barick, Dibyendu Chakravarty, B.P. Saha, R. Mitra
4VOEBSBSBKBO i*OøVFODFPG.PEFPG&MFDUSPEFQPTJUJPO  BOE 47+PTIJ  i&òFDU PG 1SFTTVSF BOE 5FNQFSBUVSF
Current Density and Saccharin on the Microstructure on Densification, Microstructure and Mechanical
BOE )BSEOFTT PG &MFDUSPEFQPTJUFE /BOPDSZTUBMMJOF Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Silicon Carbide
/JDLFM$PBUJOHTw 4VSGBDFBOE$PBUJOHT5FDIOPMPHZ 7PM 1SPDFTTFE XJUI Ȼ4JMJDPO $BSCJEF /BOPQPXEFS BOE
 Q  4JOUFSJOH "EEJUJWFTw  $FSBNJDT *OUFSOBUJPOBM 7PM  

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4$ 4IBSNB BOE 17 7FOLJUBLSJTIOBO  i$PSSPTJPO BOE  (4VOEBSBSBKBO  47+PTIJ BOE -3BNBLSJTIOB 
/BOPNFDIBOJDBM #FIBWJPST PG 1MBTNB &MFDUSPMZUJD &OHJOFFSFE 4VSGBDFT GPS "VUPNPUJWF &OHJOF BOE
0YJEBUJPO $PBUFE ""5 "MVNJOVN "MMPZw  Power Train Components", Current Opinion in Chemical
.BUFSJBMT 4DJFODF  &OHJOFFSJOH "  7PM   Q   &OHJOFFSJOH 7PM Q 
2016.  7 ,SJTIOB  %. ,SJTIOB  1. 3FEEZ  47 +PTIJ i)JHI
44. B.Kakati, A. Unnikrishnan, N. Rajalakshmi, R. Imran Jafri, Temperature Stable Solar Selective Coatings by
K.S. Dhathathreyan and A. Kucernak, “Recovery of $BUIPEJD "SD 17% GPS )FBU $PMMFDUJOH &MFNFOUTw  4PMBS
1PMZNFS&MFDUSPMZUF'VFM$FMM&YQPTFEUP4VMGVSEJPYJEFw  &OFSHZ.BUFSJBMTBOE4PMBS$FMMT 7PM Q 
*OUFSOBUJPOBM +PVSOBM PG )ZESPHFO &OFSHZ  7PM   Q 2016.
  56. S.B. Chandrasekhar, N.P. Wasekar, M. Ramakrishna, P.
 4,VNBS  77JEIZBTBHBS  "+ZPUIJSNBZJ BOE 47+PTIJ  Suresh Babu, T.N. Rao and B.P. Kashyap, “Dynamic Strain
i&òFDU PG )FBU 5SFBUNFOU PO .FDIBOJDBM 1SPQFSUJFT "HFJOH JO 'JOF (SBJOFE $V XU "M2O3 Composite
and Corrosion Performance of Cold Sprayed Tantalum Processed by Two Step Ball Milling and Spark Plasma
$PBUJOHTw  +PVSOBM PG 5IFSNBM 4QSBZ 5FDIOPMPHZ  7PM 4JOUFSJOHw +PVSOBMPG"MMPZTBOE$PNQPVOET 7PM 
 
Q  Q 
46. T. Arunnellaiappan, M. Ashfaq, L. Rama Krishna and 57. M. Masanta, S.M. Shariff and A. Roy Choudhury,
/ 3BNFTICBCV  i'BCSJDBUJPO PG $PSSPTJPOSFTJTUBOU “Microstructure and Properties of TiB2o5J$o"M2O3
"M0$F0$PNQPTJUF$PBUJOHTPO""WJB1MBTNB Coating Prepared by Laser Assisted SHS and
&MFDUSPMZUJD 0YJEBUJPO $PVQMFE XJUI &MFDUSPQIPSFUJD 4VCTFRVFOU $MBEEJOH XJUI .JDSP/BOP5J02 as
%FQPTJUJPOw  $FSBNJD *OUFSOBUJPOBM  7PM   Q  1SFDVSTPS$POTUJUVFOUw .BUFSJBMTBOE%FTJHO 7PM Q
5905, 2016.  
47. M. Righeira Carnegie, A. Sherine, D. Sivagami and S. 58. K. Naga Mahesh, R. Balaji and K.S. Dhathathreyan,
4BLUIJWFM  i"OUJ3FøFDUJPO $PBUJOHT XJUI &OIBODFE i1BMMBEJVN /BOPQBSUJDMFT BT )ZESPHFO  &WPMVUJPO
"CSBTJPO BOE 4DSBUDI 3FTJTUBODF 1SPQFSUJFTw  4PM(FM 3FBDUJPO )&3
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Q  Methanol Reformer”, International Journal of Hydrogen
48. P.Suresh Babu, R. Jha, M.Guzman, G.Sundararajan &OFSHZ 7PM Q 
and Arvind Agarwal, “Indentation Creep Behaviour of 59. M. Nuthalapati, S.K.Karak, D. Chakravarty and A. Basu,
Cold Sprayed Alumina Amorphous/ Nanocrystalline i%FWFMPQNFOU PG /BOP:2O3 Dispersed Zr Alloys by
$PBUJOHTw .BUFSJBMT4DJFODFBOE&OHJOFFSJOH" 7PM  Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering”,
Q  .BUFSJBMT4DJFODFBOE&OHJOFFSJOH" 7PM Q
49. G. Ashish, N.Curry, N. Markocsan, and G.Sivakumar, 153, 2016.
“Characterization of Thermal Barrier Coatings Produced 60. A. Pareek, P. Pradip and PH Borse, “Stable Hydrogen
CZ 7BSJPVT 5IFSNBM 4QSBZ 5FDIOJRVFT VTJOH 4PMJE (FOFSBUJPO GSPN /J BOE $PCBTFE $P$BUBMZTUT
Powder, Suspension, and Solution Precursor Feedstock JO 4VQQPSUFE $E4 1&$ $FMMw  %BMUPO 5SBOTBDUJPOT 
Material”, International Journal of Applied Ceramic 7PM 
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Q   $-1 1BWJUISB  #7 4BSBEB  ,7 3BKVMBQBUJ  5/ 3BP 
 ", %BT  4. 4IBSJò BOE "3PZ $IPVEIVSZ  i&òFDU and G. Sundararajan, “Process Optimization for Pulse
PG 3BSF &BSUI 0YJEF :2O3) Addition on Alloyed Layer 3FWFSTF &MFDUSPEFQPTJUJPO PG (SBQIFOF3FJOGPSDFE
4ZOUIFTJ[FE PO 5J"M7 4VCTUSBUF XJUI 5J 4J$ I Copper Nanocomposites” Materials and Manufacturing
#/ .JYFE 1SFDVSTPS CZ -BTFS 4VSGBDF &OHJOFFSJOHw  1SPDFTTFT 7PM 
Q 
5SJCPMPHZ*OUFSOBUJPOBM 7PM Q  62. K. Murugan, J. Joardar, A.S.Gandhi, B.S.Murty and
 "#IBEBVSJB -,4JOHI "3#BMMBMBOE37JKBZ i&òFDU 1)#PSTF i1IPUP*OEVDFE.POPNFS%JNFS,JOFUJDTJO
of Yttria Dispersion on Creep Properties of Pure Iron”, Methylene Blue Degradation over Doped and Phase
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259, 2016.  
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Sundararajan, R. Singh and A.K. Keshri, “Microstructural, i%FWFMPQNFOU PG /BOP0YJEF %JTQFSTFE - 4UFFMT
1IBTF &WPMVUJPO BOE $PSSPTJPO 1SPQFSUJFT PG 4JMJDPO by Mechanical Milling and Conventional Sintering”,
$BSCJEF 3FJOGPSDFE 1VMTF &MFDUSPEFQPTJUFE /JDLFMo .BUFSJBMT3FTFBSDI*CFSP"NFSJDBO+PVSOBMPG.BUFSJBMT 
Tungsten Composite Coatings”, Applied Surface 7PM 
Q 
4DJFODF 7PM Qo  64. N. Sivanandham, R. Arunachalam, S.M. Shariff and A.

130
Publications

Mahalingam, “High Power Diode Laser Surface Melting &MFDUSPMZTJT o &òFDU PG $PNQMFYJOH "HFOUw  +PVSOBM PG
PG464'4UFFM*OWFTUJHBUJPOTPOUIF.JDSPTUSVDUVSF &MFDUSPDIFNJDBM 4DJFODF BOE &OHJOFFSJOH  7PM  
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and Mechanical Properties”, International Journal of  
4VSGBDF 4DJFODF BOE &OHJOFFSJOH  7PM  
 Q    "$6NBNBIFTIXBS 3BP  77BTV  4.4IBSJò BOE
2016. ,74BJTSFFOBUI  *OøVFODF PG %JPEF -BTFS 4VSGBDF
 ,;IBOH -8BOH +,,JN ..B 7(BOBQBUIZ $- Melting on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance
Lee, K. J. Kong, H. Lee and J. H. Park, “An Order/Disorder/ of 7075 Aluminum Alloy", International Journal of
8BUFS+VODUJPO4ZTUFNGPS)JHIMZ&óDJFOU$P$BUBMZTU .JDSPTUSVDUVSF BOE .BUFSJBMT 1SPQFSUJFT  7PM /P
'SFF1IPUPDBUBMZUJD)ZESPHFO(FOFSBUJPOw &OFSHZBOE 
Q 
&OWJSPONFOUBM4DJFODF 7PM Q  77. P. Ramavath, P. Biswas, N. Ravi and R. Johnson
66. D.Narsimhachary, Ravi N. Bathe, J. D. Majumdar, G. i1SFEJDUJPO BOE7BMJEBUJPO PG #VDLMJOH 4USFTT ɊDSU
 PG
Padmanabham and A. Basu, “Microstructure and UIF$FSBNJD)POFZDPNC$FMM8BMMTVOEFS2VBTJ4UBUJD
Mechanical Properties of Double Pass Laser Welds on $PNQSFTTJPOw $PHFOU&OHJOFFSJOH 7PM 
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5 "MVNJOJVN "MMPZw  -BTFST JO &OHJOFFSJOH  7PM 1168068, 2016.
 
Q   /( *SFOJ  , .VSVHBO  3 /BSBZBO  ,74/ 3BKV BOE
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K.Kumar, P.Paik, N.Y. Hebalkar, A. Shukla and R. Bal, /BOPDPNQPTJUFT "OUJDPSSPTJPO .BUFSJBMT XJUI /*3
“Synthesis of High Temperature Stable Carbon Coated 3FøFDUJWJUZ BOE )JHI 3FGSBDUJWF *OEFYw  1PMZNFS 
Metal Nanoparticles in AlPO4 #BTFE .BUSJY *O4JUV 7PM Q 
JO 0YJEBUJWF "UNPTQIFSFw  +PVSOBM PG UIF "NFSJDBO  4 1BWJUISB  / 3BKFOEFS  .7 3FEEZ  ,.VSVHBO BOE
$FSBNJD4PDJFUZ7PM Q  ,* 4VSFTI i&òFDU PG (SBQIFOF 0YJEF (0
 4J[F BOE
68. R.Subasri, K.R.C. Somaraju, D. S. Reddy, Neha Hebalkar, Structure on Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of
BOE(1BENBOBCIBN i4PM(FM%FSJWFE4PMBS4FMFDUJWF )ZCSJE (01PMZ )FYZMUIJPQIFOF
 /BOPDPNQPTJUFTw 
Coatings on SS 321 Substrates for Solar Thermal 1PMZNFS$PNQPTJUFT 7PM 
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69. P. Anish Mathews, S. Bhardwaj, G. Padmanabham and 3PVHIOFTTPO"EIFTJPOBOE5SJCPMPHJDBM#FIBWJPVSOD
D. Srinivasa Rao, “Patent Trends of Detonation Spray 5J"M/B4J//BOP$PNQPTJUF$PBUJOHT%FQPTJUFECZ
Coating Technology”, Recent Patents on Mechanical $BUIPEJD "SD 17% 1SPDFTTw  4VSGBDF &OHJOFFSJOH   7PM
&OHJOFFSJOH 7PM 
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70. G.M. Joshi, K. Deshmukh and P.K. Jain, “Fabrication and  4,VNBS  4, 3FEEZ BOE 47+PTIJ  i.JDSPTUSVDUVSF
&YDFMMFOU%JFMFDUSJD1FSGPSNBODFPG&YGPMJBUFE(SBQIJUF BOE 1FSGPSNBODF PG $PME 4QSBZFE "M4J$ $PNQPTJUF
4IFFUTw +PVSOBMPG/BOPBOE&MFDUSPOJDT1IZTJDT 7PM Coatings with High Fraction of Particulates”, Surface
(1), 01022, 2016. BOE$PBUJOHT5FDIOPMPHZ7PM Q 
71. B.R. Moharana, S.K. Sahu, S.K. Sahoo and R. Bathe, 82. G.A. Sundaram, M.H. Yang, K. Nomura, S. Maniarasu, G.
i&YQFSJNFOUBM *OWFTUJHBUJPO PO .FDIBOJDBM BOE 7FFSBQQBO  5 -JV  BOE +) 8BOH i4O .PTTCBVFS
Microstructural Properties of AISI 304 to Cu Joints by BOE 'FSSPNBHOFUJD 4UVEJFT PO )JFSBSDIJDBM 5JO BOE
CO2 -BTFSw  &OHJOFFSJOH 4DJFODF BOE 5FDIOPMPHZ  7PM /JUSPHFO$PEPQFE 5J02 .JDSPTQIFSFT XJUI &óDJFOU
 
Q  Photocatalytic Performance”, Journal of Physical
 . /BHJOJ  " +ZPUIJSNBZJ  3 7JKBZ  5BUB / 3BP  "7 $IFNJTUSZ$7PM 
Q 
3FEEZ ,PUFTXBSBSBP73BKVMBQBUJBOE(4VOEBSBSBKBO  83. D.K. Kaushik, T.N. Rao and A. Subrahmanyam, “Studies
“Influence of Dispersoids on Corrosion Behavior of on the Disorder in DC Magnetron Sputtered Cu2ZnSnS4
0YJEF %JTQFSTJPO 4USFOHUIFOFE $S 4UFFMT .BEF CZ (CZTS) Thin Films Grown in Sulfide Plasma”, Surface &
)JHI&OFSHZ.JMMJOHw +PVSOBMPG.BUFSJBMT&OHJOFFSJOH $PBUJOHT5FDIOPMPHZ 7PM Q 
1FSGPSNBODF 7PM Q   7 .BOJLBOEBO  "7BOJUIB  &3 ,VNBS  BOE  4 ,BWJUB 
 , - 7 +PTFQI  " "OUIPOZTBNZ  & 3BNBTBNZ  %7 “Influence of Sintering Temperature on Structural,
4IJOEF  4 ,BSUIJLFZBO  + -FF 5 1BSL  3 4IJ8PP  ,4 Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Li Substituted
Kim and J.K. Kim, “Cyanoacetic Acid Tethered Thiophene CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles”, Journal of Magnetism and
GPS8FMM.BUDIFE-6.0-FWFMJO3V **
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  Hydrogen Generation from Orthorhombic CaFe2O4
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R. Prakash, G.Padmanabham, and R. Gopalan $IFNJTUSZTFMFDU 7PM 
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“Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pulse 86. R. Dom, L.R. Baby, H.G. Kim, and P.H. Borse, “Fe
Laser Welded Stainless Steel and Aluminum Alloys for $POUSPMMFE$IBSHF%ZOBNJDTJO;O0GPS4PMBS)ZESPHFO
-JUIJVN*PO $FMM $BTJOHTw  +PVSOBM PG .BUFSJBMT 4DJFODF (FOFSBUJPOw *OUFSOBUJPOBM+PVSOBMPG)ZESPHFO&OFSHZ 
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75. S. Seetharaman, R.Balaji , K. Ramya, K.S. Dhathathreyan,  3,VNBS 43#BLTIJ ++PBSEBS 41BSJEB 743BKBBOE
BOE . 7FMBO  i"O *NQSPWFE .FUIPE PG 8BUFS 3,4 3BNBO  i4USVDUVSBM &WPMVUJPO EVSJOH .JMMJOH 

131
Publications

Annealing, and Rapid Consolidation of Nanocrystalline *OUFSOBUJPOBM +PVSOBM PG )ZESPHFO &OFSHZ 7PM 
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'F$S"M 1PXEFSw  .BUFSJBMT  7PM 
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272, 2017. 99. M. Arivarasu, P. Roshith, R. Padmanaban, S. Thirumalini,
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A. Chatterjee, R. Gopalan and R. Prakash, “Synthesis “Investigations on Metallurgical and Mechanical
of Graphene Sheets from Single Walled Carbon Properties of CO2 Laser Beam Welded Alloy 825”,
/BOPIPSOT /PWFM $POWFSTJPO GSPN $POF UP 4IFFU $BOBEJBO.FUBMMVSHJDBM2VBSUFSMZ 7PM 
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Article No. 035008, 2017.  1#JTXBT ,7BSBQSBTBE 13BNBWBUI .#4VSFTI ",
89. S. Kumar and A. Arjuna Rao, “Influence of Coating Khanra, and R.Johnson, “Development of Cordierite
Defects on the Corrosion Behavior of Cold Sprayed Based Reticulated Foams with Improved Mechanical
3FGSBDUPSZ.FUBMTw "QQMJFE4VSGBDF4DJFODF 7PM Q Properties for Porous Burner Applications”, Transactions
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90. Ramya Sree Ganji, P. Sai Karthik, K.Bhanu Sankara 101. A.Pareek, H.G. Kim, P.Paik, and P.H. Borse,“Ultrathin MoS2
3BP BOE  ,PUFTXBSBSBP 7 3BKVMBQBUJ  i4USFOHUIFOJOH MoO3 Nanosheets Functionalized CdS Photoanodes
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Bhattacharya and S. Kundu, “Influence of Laser Surface Conductivity of SiC Foams by Direct Foaming and
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96. S.H. Adsul, T. Siva, S. Sathiyanarayanan, S.H. Sonawane  .# 4VSFTI  1 #JTXBT  7 .BIFOEFS BOE 3 +PIOTPO 
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4VSGBDF  $PBUJOHT 5FDIOPMPHZ   7PM  Q   and Hold, Spark Plasma and Post Sinter Hot Isostatic
2017. 1SFTTJOH 3PVUFTw   .BUFSJBMT 4DJFODF  &OHJOFFSJOH
97. P. Balasubramanian, M. Battabyal, D. Sivaprahasam $.BUFSJBMTGPS#JPMPHJDBM"QQMJDBUJPOT 7PM Q
and R. Gopalan, “On the Formation of Phases and their 370, 2017.
Influence on the Thermal Stability and Thermoelectric  %,BSUIJL 41FOETF 44BLUIJWFM &3BNBTBNZBOE47
Properties of Nanostructured Zinc Antimonide”, Journal Joshi, “High Performance Broad Band Antireflective
PG1IZTJDT%"QQMJFE1IZTJDT 7PM 
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98. A. Pareek, R. Thotakuri, R. Dom, H.G. Kim and P.H. Borse, Mesoporous MgF2 Nanoparticles for Solar Applications”,
i/BOPTUSVDUVSF ;O$V $PEPQFE $E4 $IBMDPHFOJEF 4PMBS &OFSHZ .BUFSJBMT BOE 4PMBS $FMMT 7PM  Q 
&MFDUSPEFTGPS0QUP&MFDUSJD1PXFSBOE)(FOFSBUJPOw  211, 2017.

132
Publications

109. A. Pareek, H.G. Kim, P. Paik, J. Joardar, and P.H. Borse, "DUB.BUFSJBMJB 7PM Q 
/BOP"SDIJUFDUVSF #BTFE 1IPUPFMFDUSPDIFNJDBM 122. N. Islavath, S. Saroja, K. Srinivasa Reddy, P. C. Harikesh,
8BUFS 0YJEBUJPO &óDJFODZ &OIBODFNFOU CZ $E4 7 (BOBQBUIZ  & 3BNBTBNZ BOE 4 7 +PTIJ   i&òFDU
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Article No. 026203, 2017. 1FSGPSNBODF BOE 4UBCJMJUZ PG "MM"NCJFOU 1SPDFTTFE
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/BOP1PXEFSw "QQMJFE4VSGBDF4DJFODF 7PM Q Magnetic Properties of MgFe2O4!;O0 /BOPQBSUJDMFTw 
291, 2017. "*1"EWBODFT 7PM 
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111. P.Tejassvi, S.S. Sarma, N.Y. Hebalkar, S. Anandan, M.  7,BSUIJLFZBO 4.BOJBSBTV 7.BOKVOBUI &3BNBTBNZ
,SJTIOB.PIBOBOE5/3BP i&OIBODFE&MFDUSPDIFNJDBM BOE ( 7FFSBQQBO  i)ZESPUIFSNBMMZ 5BJMPSFE "OBUBTF
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2017. 7PM Q 
112. G. Mettela, N.Mammen, J.Joardar, S.Narasimhan and 125. D.C. Jana, G. Sundararajan, and K. Chattopadhyay,
(6,VMLBSOJ i/PO'$$3JDI"V$SZTUBMMJUFT&YIJCJUJOH i&òFDUPG.POPNFST$POUFOUJO&OIBODJOH4PMJE4UBUF
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Q Densification of Silicon Carbide Ceramics by Aqueous
  Gelcasting and Pressureless Sintering”, Ceramics
113. P.Suresh Babu, D. Srinivasa Rao, L. Rama Krishna *OUFSOBUJPOBM 7PM 
Q 
and G. Sundararajan, “Weibull Analysis of Hardness  / )FCBMLBS  i%FWFMPQNFOU PG /BOPQPSPVT "FSPHFM
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"MMPZ $PBUJOHTw  4VSGBDF  $PBUJOHT 5FDIOPMPHZ   7PM vs Orientation Independent Hardness of Cr7C3 Primary
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116. P.S. Phani and W.C. Oliver, “Ultra High Strain Rate Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2
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1SFQBSBUJPOPOUIF5PPM-JGFPG$BUIPEJD"SD17%$PBUFE 129. A.Sanger, P.K. Jain, Y.K. Mishra and R. Chandra,
5XJTU%SJMMTw +PVSOBMPG.BOVGBDUVSJOH1SPDFTTFT 7PM  “Palladium Decorated Silicon Carbide Nanocauliflowers
Q  for Hydrogen Gas Sensing Application”, Sensors and
118. S.Sutha, S.Sisira, Baldev Raj and K.R. Ravi, “Transparent "DUVBUPST#$IFNJDBM 7PM Q 
"MVNJOB CBTFE 4VQFSIZESPQIPCJD 4FMG$MFBOJOH 130. G.A. Sundaram, M.H. Yang, K.Nomura, S. Maniarasu, G.
Coatings for Solar Cell Cover Glass Applications”, Solar 7FFSBQQBO  5-JV BOE  +)8BOH  4O .PTTCBVFS
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2017. /JUSPHFO$PEPQFE 5J02 .JDSPTQIFSFT XJUI &óDJFOU
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G.Padmanabham, F.Riedel and M. Puschmann, “Online 131. D.K. Kaushik, T.N. Rao and A. Subrahmanyam, "Studies
Monitoring of Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Process on the Disorder in DC Magnetron Sputtered Cu2ZnSnS4
using Infrared Thermography”, Quantitative Infrared (CZTS) Thin Films Grown in Sulfide Plasma", Surface &
5IFSNPHSBQIZ+PVSOBM 7PM 
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Coatings with High Fraction of Particulates”, Surface & on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of
$PBUJOHT5FDIOPMPHZ 7PM Q  Commercially Pure Titanium”, Transactions of Indian
 4,VNBS  . 3BNBLSJTIOB   /. $IBWBO   47+PTIJ  *OTUJUVUFPG.FUBMT 7PM 
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“Correlation of Splat State with Deposition 133. J.Senthilselvan, A.Rajadurai, S.M.Shariff, N.Sivanandham
Characteristics of Cold Sprayed Niobium Coatings”, and A.Mahalingam, "Microstructure, Mechanical

133
Publications

Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Laser Melted (CZTS) Thin Films Grown in Sulfide Plasma”, Society of
&/ -PX $BSCPO "MMPZ 4UFFM  *OUFSOBUJPOBM +PVSOBM 7BDVVN $PBUFST th Annual Technical Conference of
PG4VSGBDF4DJFODFBOE&OHJOFFSJOH 7PM 
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126, 2017. 2. P. Chapala, S.G. Acharyya, S.M. Shariff and G. Naik,
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S. Anandan, “Facile Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon for Biomedical Implant Application”, 38th Annual
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2017. 3. S. Anusankari, A.David, R. Subasri and A.B. Ganesh, “Dual
 /4"OBT 3,%BTI 5BUB/3BPBOE37JKBZ i&òFDUPG 4FOTJOH PG Q) BOE %0 VTJOH 0QUP4PM 'MVPSFTDFODF
Carbon Nanotubes as Reinforcement on the Mechanical CBTFE4FOTPS"4QFDUSBM"OBMZTJTw 1SPDFFEJOHTPG
1SPQFSUJFT PG "MVNJOVN$PQQFS.BHOFTJVN "MMPZw  International Conference on Advanced Communication
+PVSOBMPG.BUFSJBMT&OHJOFFSJOHBOE1FSGPSNBODF 7PM Control and Computing Technologies (ICACCCT),
 
Q  3BNBOBUIBQVSBN *OEJB Q 
 /, #BSVB  5 3BHJOJ BOE 3 4VCBTSJ i4PM(FM %FSJWFE 4. J. Shanker, M.B. Suresh and D. Suresh Babu, ,
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#SPBECBOE "OUJSFøFDUJPO 1SPQFSUJFTw  +PVSOBM PG /PO of NdXO3(X=Cr, Fe) Nanoparticles”, Materials Today
$SZTUBMMJOF4PMJET 7PM 1  1SPDFFEJOHT *OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO 3FDFOU
137. T. Ramesh, N. Rajalakshmi and K.S. Dhathathreyan, Advances in Nano Science and Technology (RAINSAT)
“Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon  $IFOOBJ *OEJB 7PM 
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from Jute Fibers for Hydrogen Storage”, Renewable  /3BWJ 3.BSLBOEFZBBOE47+PTIJ i&òFDUPG/JUSPHFO
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4, 2017. Nanocomposite Coatings deposited by Cathodic arc
17%1SPDFTTw .BUFSJBMT5PEBZ1SPDFFEJOHT$POGFSFODF
138. S. Bhardwaj, G. Padmanabham, K.Jain, D. Srinivasa Rao
on Advances in Refractory and Reactive Metals and
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Substrates”, Journal of Coatings Technology and
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Research.( In Press)
7. M. Abilash, D. Senthil Kumar, G. Padmanabham, P.
140. D. Narsimhachary, S. Pal, S.M. Shariff, G. Padmanbham
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Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of High
8. S. Bhardwaj, G. Padmanabham, K. Jain, R.Johnson
Power Diode Laser Surface Melting of 7075 Aluminum
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Alloy", International Journal of Materials and Product
Commercialising R & D for the Advanced Materials Sector
Technology. (In Press)
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142. P.Biswas, P. Ramavath, S.K.Chandrashekhar, D.S. Conference on Management of Intellectual Property
Patil, T.K. Chongdar, N.M. Gokhale, R. Johnson and 3JHIUT BOE 4USBUFHZ .*14
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9. S. Bhardwaj, G.Padmanabham, K. Jain and D. Srinivasa
of HIPed Transparent Spinel Ceramics”, Advanced
Rao, “Partnership Strategy for the Development,
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Technology”, Proceedings of the National Conference
Conference Proceedings
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on the Disorder in DC Magnetron Sputtered Cu2ZnSnS4 2016.

134
Publications

 4. 4IBSJò  .BOJTI 5BL  & "OVTIB BOE ( %F7PPSEF BOE:BTIXBOU.BIBKBO 8JMFZ7$)7FSMBH
1BENBOBCIBN  i-BTFS CBTFE 4VSGBDF &OHJOFFSJOH (NC) (FSNBOZ $IBQUFS 1VCMJTIFE0OMJOF 
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Proceedings of International Conference on Surface  " DIBQUFS PO i5FDIOP$PNNFSDJBM 0QQPSUVOJUJFT PG
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11. Das, S. Sarkar, M. Karanjai and G. Sutradhar, and Y.R. Mahajan in the book on ‘Nanotechnology for
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12. K.R.C.Soma Raju, D. Rama Supriya, D.Sreenivas Reddy, A.
7. A chapter on, “Nanomaterials for the Conversion
Jyothirmayi and R. Subasri, “Investigations on Corrosion
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Added Products” authored by I. Ganesh in the book on
on Stainless Steel”, Proceedings of 18th National
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Congress on Corrosion Control 2016, Chennai, India.
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8. A chapter on “Detonation Sprayed Coatings for
Cast Titanium Products”, Transactions of 65th Indian
Aerospace Applications” authored by D. Srinivasa Rao,
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of Indian Institute of Metals Series book series (IIMS).,
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Proceedings, 2017. (In Press)
9. A chapter on “Nano Manufacturing for Aerospace
Books Chapters Applications” authored by S. Anandan, Neha Hebalkar,
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&3' *OEJB *4#/  &TXBSB1SBTBEBOE3+)8BOIJMM 4QSJOHFS 7PM Q
2. A Chapter on “Nano Materials for Fuel Cell Technology” 101, 2017.
authored by K.S.Dhathathreyan, N.Rajalakshmi and 10. A chapter on “Hydrogen from Water” authored by P. H.
3#BMBKJ JO UIF CPPL PO A/BOPUFDIOPMPHZ GPS &OFSHZ Borse in the book on ‘Sustainable Utilization of Natural
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695, 2016.
 " DIBQUFS PO i3FTFBSDI "EWBODFNFOUT JO -PX
 " DIBQUFS POi"FSPHFMT GPS &OFSHZ $POTFSWBUJPO BOE Temperature Fuel Cells” authored by N. Rajalakshmi,
Saving” authored by A. Yamini, S. Keerthi and Neha R. Imran Jafri and K.S. Dhathathreyan in the book
)FCBMLBS JOUIFCPPLPOA/BOPUFDIOPMPHZGPS&OFSHZ PO i&MFDUSPDBUBMZTUT GPS -PX 5FNQFSBUVSF 'VFM $FMMT
4VTUBJOBCJMJUZ FE
#BMEFW3BK .BSDFM7BO%F7PPSEF Fundamentals and Recent Trends”, (ed.) T. Maiyalagan
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(FSNBOZ  1VCMJTIFE 0OMJOF  7PM  $IBQUFS   EPJDI 
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12. A chapter on “Wear and Corrosion Protection
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Patents Landscape and Product Scenario” authored by 0YJEBUJPO $PBUJOHTw BVUIPSFE CZ - 3BNB ,SJTIOB
.E4IBLFFM*RCBM $,/JTIB 7JWFL1BUFMBOE3BUOFTI BOE ( 4VOEBSBSBKBO JO UIF CPPL POA&ODZDMPQFEJB PG
, (BVS JO UIF CPPL PO A/BOPUFDIOPMPHZ GPS &OFSHZ "MVNJOVNBOEJUT"MMPZT  FET
(FPSHF&5PUUFO 0MBG
4VTUBJOBCJMJUZ  FE #BMEFW 3BK  .BSDFM7BO %F7PPSEF  Kessler, Murat Tiryakioglu., Taylor & Francis Publishers.
BOE :BTIXBOU .BIBKBO  8JMFZ7$) 7FSMBH (NC)  (In Press)
(FSNBOZ  $IBQUFS   1VCMJTIFE 0OMJOF   %0*
13. A chapter on “Mechanical and Corrosion Protection
10.1002/9783527696109.ch41
1SPQFSUJFT PG )ZCSJE 4PM(FM $PBUJOHT PO "MVNJOJVN
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Bibliometric Analysis” authored by M. Sinha, Ratnesh .K. 4VCBTSJJOUIFCPPLPOA&ODZDMPQFEJBPG"MVNJOVNBOE
Gaur and H. Karmarkar in the book on ‘Nanotechnology JUT "MMPZT  FET
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135
Awards and Honours

Articles
1. R. Gopalan and M. Battabyal “Nanostructured
Thermoelectric Materials for Automotive Waste Heat
3FDPWFSZw /BOPUFDI*OTJHIUT 7PM 
Q 

 1 ) #PSTF  /BOPTUSVDUVSFE &MFDUSPEFT PG .FUBM


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/BOPUFDI*OTJHIUT 7PM *TTVF 
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 ,3$4PNB3BKV 34VCBTSJi4PM(FM/BOPDPNQPTJUF


Coatings for Solar Thermal Applications”, Nanotech
*OTJHIUT 7PM Q 

4. S. Sakthivel, M. Karthik and Tata Narasinga Rao,


“Nanotechnology for Concentrated Solar Thermal
1PXFS"QQMJDBUJPOTw /BOPUFDI*OTJHIUT 7PM *TTVF 

Q 
Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj receiving the 'EMERALD/EFMD Outstanding Doctoral Research Award'

 /3BKBMBLTINJ i'VFM$FMM5FDIOPMPHZo$MFBO&OFSHZw  %FWFMPQNFOU &'.%


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&MFDUSJDBM*OEJBNBHB[JOF 7PM /P Q  Awards’. He received the Award from Mr. Biju Ganesan,
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-JNJUFE &(1-
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and Coatings for Concentrated Solar Thermal Power
August 27, 2016.
(CSP) Applications”, NanoDigest 8th Anniversary Issue,
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3FDPHOJUJPO "XBSEh GSPN &MTFWJFS EVSJOH 4FQUFNCFS
2016.
Awards and Honours  .T&"OVTIB  %S4.4IBSJò
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1. ARCI received the prestigious TDB National Award "XBSEhGPSUIFQBQFSPOi*OWFTUJHBUJPOPO&òFDUPG-BTFS
 GSPN 1SFTJEFOU PG *OEJB GPS h/BOPTJMWFS CBTFE Pulsing Parameters on Surface Hardening of Bearing
4VTQFOTJPOTGPS"OUJCBDUFSJBM"QQMJDBUJPOTPO5FYUJMFTh Steel” at the ‘National Symposium of Mechanical
technology on National Technology Day 2016. &OHJOFFSJOH3FTFBSDI4DIPMBSTIFMEBU/*58BSBOHBMPO
October 07, 2016.
 .T 4 1SBEIFFCIB %S 3 4VCBTSJ
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1BQFS "XBSEh GPS UIF QBQFS PO i&òFDU PG 5FYUVSJOH 8. Dr. L.Rama Krishna received the Distinguished Alumni
PO 4VSGBDF 8FUBCCJMJUZ PG 4PM(FM /BOPDPNQPTJUF 1SPGFTTJPOBM "DIJFWFNFOU "XBSEh GSPN /*5 8BSBOHBM
$PBUJOHTw BU UIF h/BUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO "EWBODFT JO on November 06, 2016.
.JDSP BOE /BOP &MFDUSPOJDT /$"./&
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PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore on April 23, 3FTFBSDIFS "XBSEh GSPN h4DPQVTh EVSJOH /PWFNCFS
2016. 2016.
 .T41SBEIFFCIB %S34VCBTSJ
SFDFJWFEUIFh"MVNOJ %S3(PQBMBOXBTFMFDUFEBThUIF'FMMPXPG"DBEFNZPG
TQPOTPSFE 743*3". "XBSEh GPS #FTU .5FDI QSPKFDU 4DJFODFhBU$IFOOBJPO/PWFNCFS 
in Nanoscience and Technology at PSG College of 11. Dr. R. Gopalan was selected as the editorial board
Technology, Coimbatore for the project work on NFNCFS GPS UIF h+PVSOBM PG .BUFSJBMT 4DJFODF BOE
i&òFDU PG 5FYUVSJOH PO 4VSGBDF 8FUBCCJMJUZ PG 4PM &OHJOFFSJOH "h BOE h+PVSOBM PG .BUFSJBMT 4DJFODF BOE
Gel Nanocomposite Coatings” carried out at ARCI, &OHJOFFSJOH#h
Hyderabad on June 11, 2016. %S 3 (PQBMBO XBT TFMFDUFE BT hUIF *OUFSOBUJPOBM
4. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj received 1st prize in ‘Quiz on "EWJTPSZ$PNNJUUFF.FNCFShGPS3BSF&BSUI1FSNBOFOU
Intellectual Property’ conducted during ‘Workshop Magnets an International Conference.
on Managing Innovation & Intellectual Property’ at %S 4BOKBZ #IBSEXBK XBT FMFDUFE BT hUIF )POPSBSZ
the ‘3rd International Conference on Management of 3FHJPOBM +PJOU 4FDSFUBSZh  *OEJBO *OTUJUVUF PG $IFNJDBM
Intellectual Property and Strategy (MIPS) 2016’ held at &OHJOFFST)ZEFSBCBE3FHJPOBM$FOUSF **$I&)3$
BOE
Mumbai during July 14, 2016. h$P$IBJSNBO PG *OEVTUSJBM7JTJU $PNNJUUFFh  **$I&)3$
5. Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj’s doctoral research work on GPSUIFZFBS
“Developing a Commercialization Model for the %S 4. 4IBSJò  SFDFJWFE UIF h%JTUJOHVJTIFE 4DJFOUJTU
Advanced Materials Technology Sector in the Indian "XBSEh JO UIF öFME  PG -BTFS #BTFE .BOVGBDUVSJOH
$POUFYUw XBTA)JHIMZ $PNNFOEFE8JOOFS JO UIF  GSPN 7FOVT *OUFSOBUJPOBM 'PVOEBUJPO  BU $IFOOBJ PO
&NFSBME&VSPQFBO 'PVOEBUJPO GPS .BOBHFNFOU December 03, 2016.

136
Awards and Honours

Dr. SM Shariff receiving the 'Distinguished Scientist Award'


Ms. Papiya Biswas receiving the 'Dr. R. L. Thakur Memorial Award 2016'

Oral Presentation Award’ for the paper on “Nafion


CBTFE$PNQPTJUF&MFDUSPMZUFTGPS1&.'$)ZESPDBSCPO
based Membranes” at the ‘International Conference on
.FNCSBOF 5FDIOPMPHZ BOE JUT "QQMJDBUJPOT .&.4&1

 IFME BU /*5  5JSVDIJSBQQBMMJ EVSJOH 'FCSVBSZ 
23, 2017.
22. Dr.S.Meenakshi (Dr.N.Rajalakshmi) received the ‘Best
Oral Presentation Award’ for the paper on " Operational
&YQFSJFODF PG 1&.'$ 4UBDL XJUI $PNCJOFE )FBU BOE
Dr. R Balaji receiving the 'Outstanding Scientist Award' 8BUFS )VNJEJUZ 1FSTQFDUJWFw BU UIF h*OUFSOBUJPOBM
Conference on Membrane Technology and its
%S3#BMBKJSFDFJWFEUIFh0VUTUBOEJOH4DJFOUJTU"XBSEhJO
BQQMJDBUJPO .&.4&1
h IFMEBU/*5 5JSVDIJSBQQBMMJ
UIFöFMEPG)ZESPHFO&OFSHZ5FDIOPMPHZGSPN7FOVT
EVSJOH'FCSVBSZ 
International Foundation, at Chennai on December 03,
2016. 23. Mr.T.Ramesh (Dr.N.Rajalakshmi) received the ‘Best Oral
16. Ms.J.A.Prithi (Dr.N.Rajalakshmi) received the ‘Best Oral Presentation Award’ for the paper on “Hierarchically
Presentation Award’ for the paper on" Nitrogen doped Porous Carbon Derived from Agricultural Resource
.FTPQPSPVT $BSCPO 4VQQPSU GPS 0YZHFO 3FEVDUJPO for High Power Super Capacitor Application" at the
3FBDUJPO JO 1&.'$w  BU UIF h&MFWFOUI *OUFSOBUJPOBM h*OUFSOBUJPOBM $POGFSFODF PO /BOP 4DJFODF BOE
4ZNQPTJVN PO "EWBODFT JO &MFDUSPDIFNJDBM 4DJFODFT /BOPUFDIOPMPHZ IFME BU "MMBIBCBE EVSJOH .BSDI 
BOE 5FDIOPMPHZh  $IFOOBJ EVSJOH %FDFNCFS   03, 2017.
2016. %S /JUJO 1 8BTFLBS SFDFJWFE UIF h#FTU 1BQFS PG UIF
%S1,+BJOSFDFJWFEUIFh#FTU4DJFOUJTU"XBSEJO1IZTJDT 4FTTJPO "XBSE GPS 1PTUFS 1SFTFOUBUJPOh PO i&òFDU PG
CZ1&"3-'PVOEBUJPO&EVDBUJPOBM&YDFMMFODF"XBSETBU Silicon Carbide on Microstructure and Mechanical
Madurai, Tamilnadu on December 10, 2016. 1SPQFSUJFTPG1VMTFE&MFDUSPEFQPTJUFE/JDLFM5VOHTUFO
Composite Coating” at the ‘International Conference
%S/3BKBMBMTLINJ SFDFJWFE UIF h4FDPOE 1SJ[F JO PO &NFSHJOH 5SFOET JO .BUFSJBMT BOE .BOVGBDUVSJOH
Hydrogen Quiz’ held during the ‘5th International &OHJOFFSJOH *..&
 IFME BU /*5 5JSVDIJSBQQBMMJ
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Conference’ held at Hyderabad EVSJOH.BSDI
EVSJOH%FDFNCFS 
.S4XBQOJM)"ETVM  %S34VCBTSJ
SFDFJWFEUIFh#FTU
.T 1BQJZB #JTXBT XBT BXBSEFE UIF h%S 3 - 5IBLVS
1PTUFS "XBSEh GPS IJT QPTUFS PO $PSSPTJPO #FIBWJPVS
.FNPSJBM"XBSEhGPSPVUTUBOEJOHDPOUSJCVUJPOJO
4UVEZPG/BOPDMBZCBTFE4PMHFM$PBUJOHTPO.H"MMPZ
the field of "Advanced Ceramic Science and Technology"
";%  BU UIF A*..& IFME BU  /*5 5JSVDIJSBQQBMMJ
by the Indian Ceramic Society at the ‘International
EVSJOH.BSDI 
$POGFSFODF PO $FSBNJDT  (MBTT BOE 3FGSBDUPSJFT o
&NFSHJOH *OOPWBUJPOT IFME BU )ZEFSBCBE EVSJOH %S .BMPCJLB ,BSBOKBJ XBT OPNJOBUFE BT BO h&YUFSOBM
%FDFNCFS  $PNNJUUFF .FNCFS PG 8PNFO $PNQMBJOU $FMMh
of Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory,
%S .BMPCJLB ,BSBOKBJ XBT TFMFDUFE BT h&EJUPSJBM #PBSE
Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad on March 21, 2017.
.FNCFSh PG A5SBOTBDUJPOT PG 1PXEFS .FUBMMVSHZ
"TTPDJBUJPO PG *OEJBh GPS UIF ZFBST  PO +BOVBSZ %S.BMPCJLB,BSBOKBJXBTFMFDUFEBTh(PWFSOJOH$PVODJM
16, 2017. .FNCFSh PG h1PXEFS .FUBMMVSHZ "TTPDJBUJPO PG *OEJB
21. Ms.J.A.Prithi (Dr.N.Rajalakshmi) received the ‘Best 1."*
hGPSUIFZFBST

137
Personnel

PERSONNEL
(as on March 31, 2017)
DIRECTOR Ms. S Nirmala, Scientist ‘D’
R Senthil Kumar, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. G Padmanabham (from 07/10/2016) Dr. P Suresh Babu, Scientist ‘D’
<%JSFDUPSJODIBSHFVQUP> Dr. Srinivasan Anandan, Scientist ‘D’
S Sudhakara Sarma, Scientist ‘D’
ASSOCIATE DIRECTORS %S3&BTXBSBNPPSUIJ 4DJFOUJTUA%
Dr. S Kumar, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. Raghavan Gopalan
Ms. Priya Anish Mathews, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. Tata Narasinga Rao
Prasenjit Barick, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. Roy Johnson (from 07/10/2016) Manish Tak, Scientist ‘D’
Naveen Manhar Chavan, Scientist ‘D’
SCIENTISTS M Ramakrishna, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. Roy Johnson, Scientist ‘G’ (upto 0610/2016) Balaji Padya, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. G Ravi Chandra, Scientist ‘F’ Ms. Papiya Biswas, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. Pawan Kumar Jain, Scientist ‘F’ Dr. Gururaj Telasang, Scientist ‘D’
D Srinivasa Rao, Scientist ‘F’ 37JKBZB$IBOEBS 4DJFOUJTUA%
Dr. N. Rajalakshmi, Senior Scientist Pandu Ramavath, Scientist ‘D’
%S37JKBZ 4DJFOUJTUA' Ms. J Revathi, Scientist ‘D’
7#BMBKJ3BP 4DJFOUJTUA' Arun Seetharaman, Scientist ‘D’
Dr. R Subasri, Scientist ‘F’ Dr. M. B. Sahana, Scientist
Dr. Bhaskar Prasad Saha, Scientist ‘F’ Dr. D. Prabhu, Scientist ‘C’
Dr. Pramod H Borse, Scientist ‘F’ Dr. R. Balaji, Scientist
Dr. L Rama Krishna, Scientist ‘F’ Dr. Sathiya Mariyappan, Scientist (upto 09/08/2016)
Dr. Y Srinivasa Rao, Scientist ‘F’ -7FOLBUFTI 4DJFOUJTUA$
Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj, Scientist ‘F’ Ms. K. Divya, Scientist ‘B’
Dr. S Sakthivel, Scientist ‘F’
TECHNICAL OFFICERS
N Ravi, Scientist ‘F’
%S.BMPCJLB,BSBOKBJ 4DJFOUJTUA& %FCBKZPUJ4FO 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA%
%S*(BOFTI 4DJFOUJTUA& ,3$4PNBSBKV 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA%
%S+PZEJQ+PBSEBS 4DJFOUJTUA& .T"+ZPUIJSNBZJ 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA%
%S(4JWB,VNBS 4DJFOUJTUA& .T76NB 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA%
4IBLUJ1SBLBTI.JTISB 4DJFOUJTUA& VQUP
(7FOLBUB3BNBOB3FEEZ 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA$
,71IBOJ1SBCIBLBS 4DJFOUJTUA& 7$4BKFFW 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA$
%S#74BSBEB 4DJFOUJTUA& 13BNB,SJTIOB3FEEZ 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA$
%S%4JWB1SBIBTBN 4DJFOUJTUA& 7.BIFOEFS 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA$
%S4.4IBSJò 4DJFOUJTUA& ,4SJOJWBTB3BP 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA$
%S3BWJ/#BUIF 4DJFOUJTUA& $I4BNCBTJWB3BP 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA$
%S31SBLBTI 4DJFOUJTUA& %4SFFOJWBT3FEEZ 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA$
%S4#$IBOESBTFLIBS 4DJFOUJTUA& $,BSVOBLBS 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA#
%S/FIB:)FCBMLBS 4DJFOUJTUA& .4SJOJWBT 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA#
%S,4VSFTI 4DJFOUJTUA& .T#74IBMJOJ 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA#
%S14VEIBSTIBO1IBOJ 4DJFOUJTUA& /7FOLBUB3BP 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA#
%S4BOKBZ3%IBHF 4DJFOUJTUA& .4SJIBSJ 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA#
%S/JUJO18BTFLBS 4DJFOUJTUA& +/BHBCIVTIBOB$IBSZ 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA#
%S%JCZFOEV$IBLSBWBSUZ 4DJFOUJTUA& "3BKB4IFLIBS3FEEZ 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA#
Dr. Kaliyan Hembram, Scientist ‘D’ "34SJOJWBT 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA#
Dr. K Murugan, Scientist ‘D’ &"OCV3BTV 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA#
Dr. Dulal Chandra Jana, Scientist ‘D’ 44BOLBS(BOFTI 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA#
Dr. K. Ramya, Senior Scientist ,/BSFTI,VNBS 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA"
%S,SJTIOB7BMMFUJ 4DJFOUJTUA% .*MBJZBSBKB 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA"
Dr. M Buchi Suresh, Scientist ‘D’ 1774SJOJWBT 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA"

138
Personnel

,3BNFTI3FEEZ 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA" STAFF OFFICER TO DIRECTOR


.T/"SVOB 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA"
3"OCBSBTV 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA" P Nagendra Rao
.33FOKV 5FDIOJDBM0óDFSA"
SECURITY, FIRE & SAFETY OFFICER
TECHNICAL ASSISTANTS
S Kalyanaraman (on deputation)
J Shyam Rao, Technical Assistant ‘A’
OFFICER (ADMIN & PERSONNEL)
TECHNICIANS
D Krishna Sagar, Technician ‘D’ A Srinivas
,7#7BTBOUIB3BZVEV 5FDIOJDJBOA%
(7FOLBUB3BP 5FDIOJDJBOA%
OFFICERS
&,POEB 5FDIOJDJBOA% /4SJOJWBT 0óDFSA$ GSPN

A Sathyanarayana, Technician ‘D’ "OJSCBO#IBUUBDIBSKFF 0óDFSA# VQUP

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(7FOLBU3FEEZ 5FDIOJDJBOA% .T/"QBSOB3BP 0óDFSA#
P Anjaiah, Technician ‘D’ :,SJTIOB4BSNB 0óDFSA#
K Subba Rao, Technician ‘C’ (3BNFTI3FEEZ 0óDFSA#
D P Surya Prakash Rao, Technician ‘C’ #6EBZ,VNBS 0óDFSA#
A JayaKumaran Thampi, Technician ‘C’ 17FOVHPQBM 0óDFSA#
D Kutumba Rao, Technician ‘C’ 7FOLBUB3BNBOB1PUIVSJ 0óDFSA"
B Subramanyeswara Rao, Technician ‘C’ .T1,BNBM7BJTIBMJ 0óDFSA"
,7JHOFTXBSB3BP 5FDIOJDJBOA$ 1%IBSNB3BP 0óDFSA"
K Satyanarayana Reddy, Technician ‘C’ ((PQBM3BP 0óDFSA"
,VSSB7FOLBUB3BNBOB 5FDIOJDJBOA$
A Praveen Kumar, Technician ‘C’ ASSISTANTS
+7FOLBUFTXBSB3BP 5FDIOJDJBOA$
A Ramesh, Technician ‘C’ Ms. K Shakunthala, Assistant ‘B’ (MACP)
A Janga Reddy, Technician ‘C’ 57FOV "TTJTUBOUA#
$I7FOLBUFTXBSB3BP 5FDIOJDJBOA$ #-BYNBO "TTJTUBOUA#
B Hemanth Kumar, Technician ‘C’ Ms. Rajalakshmi Nair, Assistant ‘B’
Govinda Kumar, Technician ‘C’ Ravi Singh, Assistant ‘B’
M Satyanand, Technician ‘C’ .T,.BEIVSB7BOJ "TTJTUBOUA#
A Jagan, Technician ‘C’ Narendra Kumar Bhakta, Assistant ‘B’
Sushanta Mukhopadhyay, Technician ‘C’ J Bansilal, Junior Assistant (MACP)
P. Suri Babu, Technician ‘C’ 74SFFLBOUI "TTJTUBOUA"
G Anjan Babu, Technician ‘B’ #7FOLBUFTIBN "TTJTUBOUA"
Prabir Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Technician ‘B’ Ramavathu Ranga Naik, Assistant ‘A’
Shaik Ahmed, Technician ‘B’ P Sai Kishore, Assistant ‘A’
K Ashok, Technician ‘B’
&:BEBHJSJ 5FDIOJDJBOA# DRIVERS
I Prabhu, Technician ‘B’ Md. Sadiq, Driver ‘C’
D Manikya Prabhu, Technician ‘B’ P Ashok, Driver ‘B’
S Narsing Rao, Technician ‘B’ T Satyanarayana, Driver ‘B’ (MACP)
Ch Jangaiah, Technician ‘B’ M A Fazal Hussain, Driver ‘B’ (MACP)
Mothe Lingaiah, Technician ‘A’
Aan Singh, Technician ‘A’ LAB ASSISTANTS
CHIEF FINANCE & ACCOUNTS OFFICER Roop Singh, Lab Assistant ‘D’
Gaje Singh, Lab Assistant ‘C’
37JKBZ,VNBS
Hussain Ali Khan, Lab Assistant ‘C’
STORES & PURCHASE OFFICER
HINDI TRANSLATOR (ON CONTRACT)
N Srinivas (upto 25/10/2016)
Anirban Bhattacharjee (from 26/10/2016) Dr. Rambha Singh

139
Personnel

DISTINGUISHED EMERITUS SCIENTIST


Prof. G. Sundararajan
CONSULTANTS
Dr. Y R Mahajan .7#IBSHBWBO
Arun Joshi (upto 30/06/2016) %S47FOVHPQBMBO VQUP

%S"7FOVHPQBM3FEEZ Dr. K. Satya Prasad


A Sivakumar 77,VUVNCB3BP VQUP+VMZ

Dr. T G K Murthy T. Satyanarayana (upto 06/07/2016)


Dr. Madhusudhan Sagar K. R. A. Nair
%S7$IBOESBTFLIBSBO Mohanlal (from 01/08/2016)
Suresh Prasad Sarma (upto 31/12/2016) K. C. Narender
T. Panduranga Rao S. N. Nautiyal (from 09/12/2016)
PROJECT SCIENTISTS/STAFF
Dr. Mani Karthik, Project Scientist (Senior Level 1) [TRC] ,4IBONVHBN 1SPKFDU5FDIOJDBM"TTJTUBOU<4-#7>
Dr. Manjusha Battabyal, Project Scientist (Senior Level 2) [TRC] "4JWB3BK 1SPKFDU5FDIOJDBM"TTJTUBOU<4-#7>
16EBZ#IBTLBS 1SPKFDU4DJFOUJTU .JEEMF-FWFM
<4&3**64> 514BSBOHBO 1SPKFDU5FDIOJDBM"TTJTUBOU<4-#7>
M. Raj Kumar, Project Scientist (Middle Level) [SPHD] 4BNCIV/BUI+BOB 1SPKFDU5FDIOJDBM"TTJTUBOU<4-#7>
Dr. Mandati Sreekanth, Project Scientist (Middle Level) [TRC] U. Gowtham, Project Technical Assistant [STNA]
Dr. Prashant Misra, Project Scientist (Middle Level) [TRC] 74BJ,SJTIOB 1SPKFDU5FDIOJDBM"TTJTUBOU<53$>
Dr. S. Meenakshi, Project Scientist (Middle Level) [TRC] 37BTVEFWBO 1SPKFDU5FDIOJDBM"TTJTUBOU<53$>
Dr. Bijoy Kumar Das, Project Scientist (Middle Level) [TRC] N. Kannadasan, Project Technical Assistant [TRC]
Dr. S. Kavita, Project Scientist (Middle Level) [TRC] Karanam Chandra, Project Technical Assistant [TRC]
S. Ramakrishnan, Project Scientist (Middle Level) [SPHD] Debendra Nath Kar, Project Technical Assistant [TRC]
4VNJU3BOKBO4BIV 1SPKFDU+VOJPS4DJFOUJTU<4-#7> 7%VSHB.BIFTI 1SPKFDU5FDIOJDBM"TTJTUBOU<53$>
"NPM$IJOUBNBO#BEHVKBS 1SPKFDU+VOJPS4DJFOUJTU<4&3**64> Tanmoy Shee, Project Technical Assistant [TRC]
7BMMBCIB3BP3JLLB 1SPKFDU4DJFOUJTU +VOJPS-FWFM
<4-#7> Gorre Uday Bhaskar, Project Technical Assistant [TRC]
47BTV 1SPKFDU4DJFOUJTU +VOJPS-FWFM
<4-#7> Shaik Nagur Baba, Project Technical Assistant [TRC]
Kumari Konda, Project Junior Scientist [TRC] 1JSJZB7JLBT4VSFTI 1SPKFDU5FDIOJDBM"TTJTUBOU<53$>
P. Sai Karthik, Project Junior Scientist [TRC] R. Parthasarathy, Project Lab Assistant [STNA]
Hari Gopi, Project Junior Scientist [TRC] 41)%4QPOTPSFE5FDIOPMPHZ%FWFMPQNFOU1SPHSBNNF
Ravi Gautham, Project Junior Scientist [TRC] 4-#74QPOTPSFE-JUIJVN*PO#BUUFSZ1SPHSBNNF
1-BYNBO.BOJ,BOUB 1SPKFDU+VOJPS4DJFOUJTU<53$> 4&3**644PMBS&OFSHZ3FTFBSDI*OTUJUVUFGPS*OEJBBOE64
A. Srinivasa Rao, Project Junior Scientist [TRC] 53$5FDIOJDBM3FTFBSDI$FOUSFPOh"MUFSOBUF&OFSHZ
(7JKBZB3BHBWBO 1SPKFDU+VOJPS4DJFOUJTU<53$> Materials and Systems
Muni Bhaskar Siva Kumar, Project Junior Scientist [TRC] 45/"4QPOTPSFE5IFNBUJD6OJUPG&YDFMMFODFPO
"Nanomaterials based Technologies for Automotive
P. Sampath Kumar, Project Manager [TRC]
Applications"
-#BCV 4FOJPS1SPKFDU5FDIOJDBM"TTJTUBOU<4-#7>

140
Financial Report
Financial Report

ANANT RAO & MALLIK%BUF


CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
# ,VTIBM5PXFST
Khairatabad
)ZEFSBCBE

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT


The Governing Council, INTERNATIONAL ADVANCED RESEARCH CENTRE FOR POWDER METALLURGY & NEW MATERIALS
(ARCI), Hyderabad

REPORT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


We have audited the accompanying financial statements of International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and
New Materials (ARCI) (“ the Society”) which comprise the consolidated statement of affairs as at March, 31, 2017, the consolidated
*ODPNFBOE&YQFOEJUVSF"DDPVOUBOEDPOTPMJEBUFE3FDFJQUTBOE1BZNFOUT"DDPVOUGPSUIFZFBSFOEFEBOEBTVNNBSZPG
DPOTPMJEBUFETJHOJöDBOUBDDPVOUJOHQPMJDJFTBOEPUIFSFYQMBOBUPSZOPUFTBOE4UBOEBMPOFTUBUFNFOUTPG"òBJST 4UBOEBMPOF
*ODPNFBOE&YQFOEJUVSF"DDPVOU 4UBOEBMPOF3FDFJQUTBOE1BZNFOUT"DDPVOUBOE4UBOEBMPOFTJHOJöDBOUBDDPVOUJOHQPMJDJFT
BOEPUIFSFYQMBOBUPSZOPUFTPGUIFGPMMPXJOHGVOET
J 0QFSBUJPOBM'VOE
JJ 5FDIOPMPHZ%FWFMPQNFOUBOE5SBOTGFS 5%5
GVOEBOE
iii. Sponsored Project Fund

Management’s Responsibility for the financial Statements:


Governing Body of the Society is responsible for preparation of these financial statements of the Society in accordance with the
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) and the significant accounting policies stated in financial statements.
The responsibility also includes maintenance of adequate accounting records for safeguarding the assets of the society and
GPSQSFWFOUJOHBOEEFUFDUJOHGSBVETBOEPUIFSJSSFHVMBSJUJFTTFMFDUJPOBOEBMMPDBUJPOPGBQQMJDBUJPOPGBQQSPQSJBUFBDDPVOUJOH
QPMJDJFT NBLJOH KVEHNFOUT FTUJNBUFT UIBU BSF SFBTPOBCMF BOE QSVEFOU BOE EFTJHO  JNQMFNFOUBUJPO BOE NBJOUFOBODF PG
adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the
accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the financial statements, that are free from the material
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditor’s Responsibility:
0VSSFTQPOTJCJMJUZJTUPFYQSFTTBOPQJOJPOPOUIFTFöOBODJBMTUBUFNFOUTCBTFEPOPVSBVEJU8FDPOEVDUFEPVSFYBNJOBUJPOJO
accordance with the Standards of Auditing issued by the Institute of Charted Accountants of India. Those Standards require that
XFDPNQMZXJUIFUIJDBMSFRVJSFNFOUTBOEQMBOBOEQFSGPSNUIFFYBNJOBUJPOUPPCUBJOSFBTPOBCMFBTTVSBODFBCPVUXIFUIFS
öOBODJBMTUBUFNFOUTBSFGSFFGSPNNBUFSJBMNJTTUBUFNFOUT&YBNJOBUJPOPGöOBODJBMTUBUFNFOUTJOWPMWFTQFSGPSNJOHQSPDFEVSFT
to obtain audit evidence about the amount of disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the
BVEJUPSTKVEHNFOU JODMVEJOHUIFBTTFTTNFOUPGUIFSJTLTPGNBUFSJBMNJTTUBUFNFOUPGUIFöOBODJBMTUBUFNFOUTXIFUIFSEVF
to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the society’s preparation
and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances,
CVU OPU GPS UIF QVSQPTF PG FYQSFTTJOH BO PQJOJPO PO FòFDUJWFOFTT PG UIF FOUJUZT JOUFSOBM DPOUSPM "O BVEJU BMTP JODMVEFE
evaluating the appropriateness of the accounting policies used and the reasonableness of the accounting estimates made by
the Management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.
8FCFMJFWFUIBUUIFBVEJUFWJEFODF XFIBWFPCUBJOFEJTTVóDJFOUBOEBQQSPQSJBUFUPQSPWJEFBCBTJTGPSPVSBVEJUPQJOJPO

Opinion:
*OPVSPQJOJPOBOEUPUIFCFTUPGPVSJOGPSNBUJPOBOEBDDPSEJOHUPUIFFYQMBOBUJPOTHJWFOUPVT UIFBGPSFTBJEöOBODJBMTUBUFNFOUT
of the society for the year ended March 31, 2017 are prepared in all material aspects, in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) and the significant accounting policies stated in Note 24 to the Financial Statements.

Other Matters:
a) In our opinion, proper books of accounts as required by the law have been by kept the society so far as it appears from our
FYBNJOBUJPOPGUIPTFCPPLT
C
5IF4UBUFNFOUPG"òBJST UIF*ODPNFBOE&YQFOEJUVSF"DDPVOU BOE3FDFJQUTBOE1BZNFOUTBDDPVOUEFBMUXJUICZUIJT
report are in agreement with the books of accounts.

4E
For ANANT RAO & MALLIK V ANANT RAO
Chartered Accountants Partner
'JSNhT3FHJTUSBUJPO/P4 Membership No. 022644

142
FORM OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS)
ARC INTERNATIONAL FUND (OPERATIONAL) BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31.03.2017
(Amount in Rs.)
GRANTS-IN-AID: FUND AND LIABILITIES SCHEDULE CURRENT YEAR PREVIOUS YEAR
(3"/54*/"*% 1 1564305484 1524931888
3&4&37&4"/%4631-64 2 6304121 0
&"3."3,&%&/%08.&/5'6/%4 3 0 0
4&$63&%-0"/4"/%#03308*/(4 4 0 0
6/4&$63&%-0"/4"/%#03308*/(4 5 0 0
%&'&33&%$3&%*5-*"#*-*5*&4 6 0 0
$633&/5-*"#*-*5*&4"/%1307*4*0/4 7 211910004 173355512
TOTAL 1782519609 1698287400

ASSETS
'*9&%"44&54 8 1259419269 1277610988
*/7&45.&/54'30.&"3."3,&%&/%08.&/5'6/% 9 0 0
*/7&45.&/5405)&34 10 0 0
$633&/5"44&54 -0"/4 "%7"/$&4&5$ 11 523100340 420676412
.*4$&--"/&064&91&/%*563&
0 0
UPUIFFYUFOUOPUXSJUUFOPòPSBEKVTUFE

TOTAL 1782519609 1698287400


4*(/*'*$"/5"$$06/5*/(10-*$*&4 24
$0/5*/(&/5-*"#*-*5*&4"/%/05&40/"$$06/54 25

4E 4E
R. Vijay Kumar Dr. G Padmanabham
"41&30633&10350'&7&/%"5& Chief 'JOBODF"DDPVOUT0óDFS Director
for M/s. ANANT RAO & MALLIK
Chartered Accountants
Firm Registration No. 006266S

4E
V Anant Rao %BUF
Partner, Membership No. 022644 1MBDF)ZEFSBCBE

143
Financial Report
144
FORM OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS)
Financial Report

INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT OF ARC INTERNATIONAL FUND (OPERATIONAL) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31.03.2017
(Amount in Rs.)
SCHEDULE CURRENT YEAR PREVIOUS YEAR
INCOME
Income from Sales/Services 12 0 0
Grants/Subsidies 13 547900000 0
Fees/Subscriptions 14 0 0
Income from Investments 15 0 0
(Income on Investments from earmarked/endowment funds)
Income from Royalty, Publications etc. 16 0 0
*OUFSFTU&BSOFE 17 23918545 18597198
Other Income 18 13116722 26272201
*ODSFBTF EFDSFBTF
JOTUPDLPGöOJTIFEHPPETBOEXPSLJOQSPHSFTT 19 0 0
TOTAL (A) 584935267 44869399
EXPENDITURE
&TUBCMJTINFOU&YQFOTFT 20 250081534 238492376
0UIFS&YQFOTFT 21 152852655 153316236
&YQFOEJUVSFPO(SBOUT4VCTJEJFT 22 2755984 650171
Interest 23 0 0
%FQSFDJBUJPO /FU5PUBMBUUIFZFBSFOEDPSSFTQPOEJOHUP4DIFEVMF
139871497 138519195
-FTT5SBOTGFSSFEUP(SBOUTJO"JE 138519195
TOTAL (B) 545561670 392458783
#BMBODFCFJOHFYDFTTPG*ODPNFPWFS&YQFOEJUVSF "#
39373597 
Transfer to Special Reserve [specify each]
Transfer to/from General Reserve
#"-"/$&CFJOH&YDFTTPG&YQFOEJUVSFPWFS*ODPNF5SBOTGFSUP(SBOUTJO"JE 39373597 
4*(/*'*$"/5"$$06/5*/(10-*$*&4 24
$0/5*/(&/5-*"#*-*5*&4"/%/05&40/"$$06/54 25

"41&30633&10350'&7&/%"5& 4E 4E


for M/s. ANANT RAO & MALLIK R. Vijay Kumar Dr. G Padmanabham
Chartered Accountants Chief 'JOBODF"DDPVOUT0óDFS Director
Firm Registration No. 006266S
4E
V Anant Rao %BUF
Partner, Membership No. 022644 1MBDF)ZEFSBCBE
Financial Report

INTERNATIONAL ADVANCED RESEARCH CENTRE


FOR POWDER METALLURGY AND NEW MATERIALS (ARCI)
BALAPUR POST. HYDERABAD

ARCI (OPERATIONAL) FUND


SCHEDULE – 24 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1. Basis of preparation of financial statements :
The financial statements of Operation Fund of International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New
Materials (ARCI/Society), Hyderabad, have been prepared on historical cost convention and on accrual basis unless
otherwise stated.

2. (1) Grants:
(a) Grants are recognized on receipt.
(b) Grants received from Department of Science & Technology (DST) are treated as Income.
 D
 &YQFOEJUVSFJODVSSFECZUIF4PDJFUZUPXBSETPQFSBUJPOT NBJOUFOBODFBOEEFQSFDJBUJPOIBWFCFFOBEKVTUFEBHBJOTU
these grants.
(d) Grants received from DST and earmarked for special projects by ARCI are grouped under Sponsored Project Fund.
(2) Reserves & Surpluses:
(a) Net Surplus / Deficit generated from Technology Demonstration & Transfer Fund ( TDT Fund) are appropriated as
  VOEFS
50% Transferred to ARCI Operational Fund & Balance 50% Remains in TDT Fund

3. Fixed Assets:
 'JYFE BTTFUT BSF TUBUFE BU DPTU $PTU JODMVEFT EVUJFT  UBYFT  GSFJHIU  JOTVSBODF FUD BUUSJCVUBCMF UP BDRVJTJUJPO BOE
installation of asset.

4. Depreciation and Amortization:


 %FQSFDJBUJPOPOöYFEBTTFUT FYDFQU-FBTF)PMECVJMEJOH
JTQSPWJEFEPOXSJUUFOEPXOWBMVFNFUIPEBTQFSSBUFTTUBUFE
JO*ODPNF5BY3VMFT 
/PO3FGVOEBCMFBEWBODFUPXBSET-FBTF)PME#VJMEJOHJTBNPSUJ[FEPWFSMFBTFQFSJPE

5. Revenue Recognition:
Grants are recognized on cash basis. Interest income from bank balances/deposit is recognized on accrual basis.

6. Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure:


 3%FYQFOEJUVSFJODMVEJOHDPTUPGSBXNBUFSJBMT DPOTVNBCMFT PUIFSJOQVUTFUDJTDIBSHFEPòBTSFWFOVFFYQFOEJUVSF
Raw materials, consumables, stores spares and other inputs are procured on need basis and issued to end users soon
after they are received. Hence values of closing stock of these materials is not recognized in the accounts.

7. Foreign Exchange Transactions:


 'PSFJHOFYDIBOHFUSBOTBDUJPOTEVSJOHUIFZFBSBSFSFDPSEFEBUUIFFYDIBOHFSBUFQSFWBJMJOHPOUIFEBUFPGUSBOTBDUJPO

8. Retirement Benefits:
Contributions to Provident Fund and New Pension Scheme (Defined Contribution Plans) are charged to income and
FYQFOEJUVSFBDDPVOUBTQFSBQQMJDBCMFSVMFTTUBUVUFT1SPWJTJPOUPXBSETHSBUVJUZBOEMFBWFFODBTINFOU %FöOFECFOFöU
1MBO
JTNBEFPOBDUVBSJBMWBMVBUJPODBSSJFEPVUCZ-JGF*OTVSBODF$PSQPSBUJPOPG*OEJBBTTUBUFEJO"4 3FWJTFE

oi"DDPVOUJOHGPS3FUJSFNFOU#FOFöUTw5IF4PDJFUZIBTDPWFSFEJUTHSBUVJUZBOEMFBWFFODBTINFOUMJBCJMJUZXJUI-JGF
Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and contributions are made to LIC on yearly basis.

9. Margin Money Deposits:


Margin Money Deposits placed with Banks towards Letters of Credit issued to the A/c of ARCI are grouped under Loans
BOE"EWBODFTo"EWBODFT3FDPWFSBCMFJO$BTI,JOE

"41&30633&10350'&7&/%"5& 4E 4E


for M/s. ANANT RAO & MALLIK R. Vijay Kumar Dr. G Padmanabham
Chartered Accountants Chief 'JOBODF"DDPVOUT0óDFS Director
Firm Registration No. 006266S
4E
V Anant Rao %BUF
Partner, Membership No. 022644 1MBDF)ZEFSBCBE

145
Financial Report

INTERNATIONAL ADVANCED RESEARCH CENTRE


FOR POWDER METALLURGY AND NEW MATERIALS (ARCI)
BALAPUR POST, HYDERABAD

ARCI (OPERATIONAL) FUND

SCHEDULE – 25 NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS

 %FQBSUNFOUPG4DJFODFBOE5FDIOPMPHZ %45


TBODUJPOFEBOESFMFBTFEEVSJOHUIFZFBS3T   
UPXBSETSFWFOVFBOE3T   BTDBQJUBMHSBOUJOBJEVOEFS1MBO 1SFWJPVTZFBS3T   BOE
3T   UPXBSETSFWFOVFBOEDBQJUBMSFTQFDUJWFMZVOEFS1MBOHSBOUJOBJE
6OEFS/PO1MBO (SBOU
JOBJETBODUJPOFEXBTOJM

 $POUJOHFOU -JBCJMJUJFT -FUUFST PG $SFEJU PVUTUBOEJOH XJUI #BOL 3T     1SFWJPVT ZFBS 3T
   
GVMMZGVOEFEUISPVHI-$NBSHJONPOFZJOUIFGPSNPGöYFEEFQPTJUT

3. Advances on capital accounts (Schedule 11) include advances to Hyderabad Metro Water Supply and
4FXFSBHF#PBSE ).844#
3T   QBJEEVSJOHBOEGPSTVQQMZPG,SJTIOBXBUFS
inter alia to the Society. This is an advance payment to Hyderabad Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board
).844#
BOEXPSLJTFYFDVUFEBOETFUUMFNFOUJTBXBJUFE

 %VSJOHUIFZFBS UIFQSPWJTJPOGPS(SBUVJUZ-JBCJMJUZ-FBWF&ODBTINFOUXBTNBEFCBTFEPOUIFBDDSVFE


liability furnished by LIC of India.

5. The figures of previous year have been regrouped/reclassified wherever necessary

4E 4E
R. Vijay Kumar Dr. G Padmanabham
Chief 'JOBODF"DDPVOUT0óDFS Director

"41&30633&10350'&7&/%"5&
for M/s. ANANT RAO & MALLIK
Chartered Accountants
Firm Registration No. 006266S

4E
V Anant Rao
Partner, Membership No. 022644

%BUF
1MBDF)ZEFSBCBE

146
FORM OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS)
RECEIPTS AND PAYMENT ACCOUNT OF ARC INTERNATIONAL FUND (OPERATIONAL) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31.03.2017
(Amount in Rs.)
RECEIPTS CURRENT YEAR PREVIOUS YEAR PAYMENTS CURRENT YEAR PREVIOUS YEAR
I. Opening Balances I. Expenses
a. Cash in hand 78831 29419 B&TUBCMJTINFOUFYQFOTFT 217440172 201032602
b. Bank Balances C0UIFSFYQFOTFT 156199143 154534822
i) In Current accounts 0 0
ii) In Deposit accounts 0 0 5PUBM&YQFOTFT 373639315 355567424
iii) Savings accounts 62613 228387
5PUBM0QFOJOH#BMBODFT 141444 257806

II. Grants Received II. Payments made against various projects


a. From Government of India 547900000 470000000
b. From State Governments 0 0 Rheological characterisation of LiFeP04 1980000 0
c. From other source [details] 0 0 **5.6.#"*

d. Fund received on closed Projects 0 0
5PUBM(SBOUT3FDFJWFE 547900000 470000000 5PUBM1BZNFOUTNBEF"HBJOTU1SPKFDUT 1980000 0

III. Income on Investments From 0 0 III. Investments and deposits made


B&BSNBSLFE&OEPXNFOU'VOET 0 0 B0VUPG&BSNBSLFE&OEPXNFOUGVOET 0 0
b. Own funds (other investments) C0VUPGPXOGVOET JOWFTUNFOUTPUIFST
0 0

Total Income on Investment 0 0 5PUBM*OWFTUNFOUTBOE%FQPTJUT 0 0

*7 Interest Received *7Expenditure on Fixed Assets & Capital


a. On bank deposits 11436625 3939449 Work-in-Progress
b. Interest from sponsored projects 3823150 B1VSDIBTFPGöYFEBTTFUT 110138538 123186491
c. Loans, Advances to staff etc. 310165 820842 C&YQFOEJUVSFPODBQJUBMXPSLJO 0 175036
progress
5PUBM*OUFSFTU3FDFJWFE 15569940 4760291
5PUBM&YQFOEJUVSFPO'JYFE"TTFUT$BQJUBM 110138538 123361527
WIP
7Other Income 11846250 6326551 7Refund of surplus money/loans
a. To Government of India 0 0
b. To State Government 0 0
c. To other providers of funds 0 0

7*Amount Borrowed 0 0 7*Finance charges (Interest) 0 0

147
Financial Report
148
7**Any Other Receipts 7**Other Payments
Financial Report

B"EWBODFGPS'FTUJWBM4UBò 123300 154350


B
&.%4FDVSJUZ%FQPTJUT 4210000 50000 b. Advance Others 0 1043433
C
 4BMFTPG'JYFE"TTFUT 39722 3577840 D3FUVSOPG&.%TFDVSJUZEFQPTJUT 2294594 50000
D
 &OEPXNFOU'VOE)#"'VOE 78619 9402 d. Institutional grants 871650 908700
d) Deposit Rent & Gases From Sppliers 1402719 207053 F%FQPTJU(SBUVJUZUP-*$ 16941856 20039781
e) LC Margin Money 0 0 G%FQPTJU&-&ODBTINFOUUP-*$ 9982484 3799803
f ) TDT Fund contribution for Manpower 1592756 1816347 g. Advances to Delhi Cell 137032 0
Usages i. TDS receivables 195600 392602
H
 5%5'VOE$POUSJCVUJPOGPS&RVJQNFOU 4132994 3776747 K"EWBODFUP4UBò7FIJDMF 126343 114686
Usages L"EWBODFUP4UBò$PNQVUFS 269915 170090
h) TDT Fund Contribution for Utility Usages 0 39461 l. Refund of Temporary Loan to TDT Fund 0 500000
i) Reimbursement of previous years 0 15422343
&YQFOEJUVSF
j) Advances Others 1043433 0 5PUBM0UIFS1BZNFOUT 30942774 27173445
k) Telephone Deposit 1150 11832
7***Closing Balances
a) Cash in hand 50504.00 78831
5PUBM"OZ0UIFS3FDFJQUT 12501393 24899192 b) Bank balances
i) In Current accounts 0 0
ii) In Deposit accounts 65000000 0
iii) In Savings accounts 6207895 62613

5PUBM$MPTJOH#BMBODFT 71258400 141444

TOTAL 587959027 506243840 TOTAL 587959027 506243840

4E 4E
R. Vijay Kumar Dr. G Padmanabham
"41&30633&10350'&7&/%"5& Chief 'JOBODF"DDPVOUT0óDFS Director
for M/s. ANANT RAO & MALLIK
Chartered Accountants
Firm Registration No. 006266S
4E
V Anant Rao %BUF
Partner, Membership No. 022644 1MBDF)ZEFSBCBE
OUR COLLABORATORS
FOREIGN
Applied Materials, USA
Advanced Mechanical Optical System
ADAMA Makhteshim Ltd., Israel
ADAMA Agan Ltd., Israel
Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radio Electronics
Corning Incorporated, USA
DesignTech Systems Limited
Fraunhofer Institutions, Germany
Hoganas AB, Sweden
Industrial Materials Institute of National Research Council of Canada (NRC-IMI), Canada
Institute for Problems of Materials Science (IPMS), Ukraine
International Centre for Electron Beam Technologies, Ukraine
Li-ion Technologies Limited, Russia
MPA Industrie, France
EDITORIAL BOARD
Nanomechanics, USA Dr. G. Padmanabham (Chairman)
REOSC, France Dr. R Gopalan
SLM Solutions Singapore Pvt. Ltd. Dr. T Narasinga Rao
The Boeing Company, USA Dr. Roy Johnson
Toda Kogyo Corp., Japan
Zoz GmbH, Germany
Dr. Sanjay Bhardwaj
Mr. Seetharaman Arun
INDIAN Mrs. N. Aparna Rao
ABB India Limited
Advanced Surface Finishing Labs
Andhra University Indian Oil Corporation Limited
Bharat Electronics Limited Infinity Microsystems ADDRESS
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Larsen and Toubro
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre LED India Pvt. Ltd. International Advanced Research Centre
for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials
Bharat Forge Limited MMI India Pvt. Ltd
(ARCI)
Blue Fox Aerogel Development and Applications Midwest Granite Pvt. Ltd.
Balapur Post
LLP National Institute of Technology-Warangal
Hyderabad - 500 005, Telangana, India
Central Scientific Instruments Organization National Institute of Technology- Phone: +91-40-24452200, 24452500
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Thiruchirapalli
Fax: +91-40-24442699, 24443168
Technology National Institute of Technology- Nagpur E-mail: info@arci.res.in
Cyient Ltd. National Engineering Industries Ltd. URL: http://www.arci.res.in
Defense Research and Development Organization Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited
Godrej and Boyce Mfg. Co. National Research and Development Delhi Cell
Global Medical Education and Research Corporation Plot No. 102, Institutional Area
Foundation Osmania University Sector - 44
Geometrix Laser Solutions (P) Ltd. Phasetron Engineers India (P) Limited Gurgaon 122 003, Haryana, India
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Resil Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Phone: +91-124-2570215
Hi-Tech Industries Scitech Patent Art Services Pvt. Ltd. Fax: +91-124-2570218
Hulikkal Electro (India) Pvt. Ltd. Saint Gobain Ceramics and Plastics Pvt. Ltd.
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
Chennai Cell
Sai Surface Coating Technologies
Indian Airforce Centre for Automotive Energy Materials &
Tata Steel Limited
Indian Space Research Organization Centre for Fuel Cell Technology
TVS Lucas
IIT-M Research Park, Phase-1
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Technoconfluence Intelligent Engineering 2nd Floor, Section B1
Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
TS No. 2D, F Block
Indian Institute of Technology-Madras TVS Motor Company Limited 6 Kanagam Road, Taramani
Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur University of Hyderabad Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India
Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur Unique Enterprises Phone: +91-44-66632700/723/803
Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad Wipro Enterprises (P) Ltd. Fax: +91-44-66632702
INTERNATIONAL ADVANCED RESEARCH CENTRE
FOR POWDER METALLURGY AND NEW MATERIALS (ARCI)
Balapur P.O., Hyderabad - 500005, INDIA
Tel: 0091-40-24443167, 24452200, 24452500; Fax: 0091-40-24442699, 24443168
Email: info@arci.res.in; URL: http://www.arci.res.in

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