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Effect of licker-in speed on yarn quality

melliand International 4/2017 193

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 Spinning

Effect of licker-in speed on yarn quality

In the carding process, the licker-in operation is treated as the primary open- efficiency of the card was checked with the
help of a trash analyzer.
ing action for lap to achieve a good quality of sliver. Licker-in speed affects
The material passed through the spinning
the fiber properties which create direct impact on sliver and yarn properties. process with constant process parameters as
Therefore in this study, the effect of licker-in speed on the sliver and yarn mentioned in Table 2 and the yarn produced
properties is investigated. In this investigation, the raw material was on a ring frame machine was collected for
testing on Uster Tester-5 (UT-5) instrument
processed through a carding machine at 3 different licker-in speeds. The raw
[3]. In this testing the imperfections, hairi-
material and all process parameters are the same. Sliver and yarn properties ness, and single yarn strength of the ring
produced at 3 different speeds of licker-in are investigated. It is found that yarn were checked.
an increase in the speed of licker-in results in intensive opening and clean- The same process followed for 1,200 and
1,400 rpm licker-in speed. All the results are
ing. An increase in fiber rupture and neps removal efficiency also improves
collected and compared.
at sliver stage. An increase in the imperfection index and hairiness of yarn
and reduction in the single yarn strength are also achieved. Process parameter
The process parameter are listed in Table 2.
V.D. Chaudhari, P.P. Kolte, A.M. Daberao, the opening process influences the final yarn,
P.W. Chandurkar primarily as regards neppiness, imperfec- Result and discussion
SVKMs NMIMS MPSTME, Centre for Textile tions, evenness and strength [1]. Fig. 1 shows the fiber rupture increased, as
Functions, Shirpur/India
licker-in speed increased from 1,000-
Experimental work 1,400 rpm. This is due to more/harsh beating
The licker-in performs intensive opening and action carried on cotton fiber as the licker-in
cleaning in the carding process. In a carding Material speed increased. Fiber rupture results in an
machine with only one licker-in, opening is Cotton lint samples were collected from run- increase in short fiber percentage in the ma-
performed to an extent where more than ning material by random sampling method.
50 % of all fibers pass onto the surface of the Cotton samples were subjected to the Ad-
main cylinder in the form of tufts, and slightly vance Fiber Information System [AFIS] testing
less than 50 % in the form of individual [2]. The properties of the cotton sample ob- Table 1
fibers. Treatment imparted by the licker-in is served are mentioned in Table 1. Cotton fiber properties
therefore very intensive, but unfortunately
not very gentle [1]. Method 2.5 % Span length [mm] 32.85
Opening itself involves the tearing away of By random sampling method, samples were Uniformity ratio 42
the feed lap on a wedge shape by means of collected from carding feed and delivery ma- Strength [g/tex] 24.9
the licker-in; 'wedge shape' refers to the fact terial, at running licker-in speed 1,000 rpm. Elongation [%] 7.3
that the projecting fiber fringe becomes These samples were tested on an AFIS instru- Micronaire [g/cc] 4.19
steadily thinner where it faces away from the ment [2]. In AFIS, fiber rupture, neps removal Short fiber index 6.3
clamping point owing to the plucking-out of efficiency and Imperfection Index of feed and Reflectance [Rd] 78.2
fibers. The type of opening and intensity of delivered material were checked. Cleaning Yellowishness [+b] 8.6

melliand International 4/2017 193

Spinning

terial. Also staple length of the material re-
duces. The fiber ruptures directly affect the
yarn properties. Fig. 2 shows overall cleaning
efficiency % increased as more opening ac-
tion was carried out on cotton when the
speed rose from 1,000-1,400 rpm. Also, a
rise in licker-in speed means more beating ac-
tion on the cotton takes place which results
in improved cleaning efficiency of the card-
ing machine. As speed increases, neps re-
moval efficiency increases up to certain limit.
A further increase in speed reduces neps re-
moval efficiency. Fig. 3 shows that the card
sliver U% increased as there was increase in
the licker-in speed from 1,000-1,400 rpm. An
increase in the licker-in speed results in fiber
rupture, which causes a rise in the percent-
age of short fiber. These short fibers directly
affect U% of the sliver. But at optimum speed
of licker-in as short fibers are removed as a
flat waste, U% of the card sliver will improve.
Fig. 4 shows that the breaker draw frame sliver higher the unevenness [U%] in the material
U% decreases. The main role of breaker draw and yarn produced from that material.
frame is to reduce the U% by the doubling of Fig. 8 shows that the ring frame bobbin Im-
sliver. In breaker draw frame due to the dou- perfection Index will be increased at higher
bling of 6 slivers, U% becomes reduced. licker-in speed. The short fibers have a direct
Fig. 5 shows that the comber sliver U% de- effect on the Imperfection Index. At an in-
creased. The comber process removes the
short fibers in the form of noil. In this study
18.5 % noil is removed by the comber. Also Fig. 1
in combing, doubling of 6 combed sliver Fiber ruptures
takes place which results in improvement of
U% of combed sliver.
Fig. 6 shows that the finisher draw frame U%
decreased. The main role of finisher draw
frame is to reduce the U% by doubling of
sliver and autoleveling. Therefore results
shows intensive reduction in the U% in fin-
isher draw frame. Fig. 7 shows that the ring
frame bobbin U% decreased. The same se-
quence followed by ring frame yarn regard-
ing U%. The higher is the licker-in speed, the

Table 2 Fig. 2
Process parameters Card cleaning efficiency

Unifloc Protrusion depth [mm] 4 Comber Sliver hank 0.105

Rieter A11 Opening roller [rpm] 1,600 Rieter E65 Noil [%] 18.50
Traverse speed [m/min] 16 Nipping [min] 457
Uniclean Cleaning intensity 0.7 Feed mode Forward
Rieter B11 Amount of waste 10 Break draft 1.67
Beater speed [m/min] 780 Feed [nips/mm] 4.7
Uniflex Type of beater Saw tooth Top comb penetration [mm] 0.1
Rieter B620 Cleaning intensity 0.5 Draw box gauge [mm] 48/54
Amount of waste 10 Coiler trumpet [mm] 4.4
Commercial staple 47.6 Finisher D/F Sliver hank 0.0965
Beater speed 710 Rieter D35 Ends up 6 Fig. 3
Carding Hank 0.07 [6, 7] Delivery speed [m/min] 460 Card sliver unevenness [U%]
Rieter C60 Card production [kg/h] 65 Total draft 6.02
[4, 5] Nipping distance [mm] 21 Bottom roller gauge [mm] 42/46
Cylinder speed [rpm] 910 Web tension draft 0.99
Licker-in speed [rpm] 1,000 Break draft 1.16
Flats speed [m/min] 0.39 Trumpet size [mm] 3.8
Feed roller to licker [mm] 0.9 Speed Frame Roving hank 0.7
Cylinder to flats [mm] 0.3 Zinser 68I [8] Twist per inch 1.13
Cylinder to doffer [mm] 0.25 Twist multiplier 1.35
Feed weight [g/m] 700 Spacer Yellow
Opening roller [rpm] 835 Bottom roller gauge [mm] 49/60
Tension draft 1.63 Saddle gauge [mm] 54/58
Breaker draw Sliver hank 0.115 Break draft 1.19
frame Rieter Delivery speed [m/min] 754 Inlet condenser Red
Fig. 4
SB D15 [6, 7] Ends up 6 Floating condenser Red
Breaker draw frame [BDF] sliver unevenness [U%]
Break draft 1.41 Ring Frame Count 30ch
Bottom roller gauge [mm] 42/46 KTTM [9, 10] Twist per inch 20.73
Unilap Lap weight [g/m] 74 Twist multiplier 3.65
Rieter E32 Ends up 23 Spacer [mm] 2.5
Bottom roller gauge [mm] 44/46 Bottom roller gauge [mm] 44/60
Break draft 1.062 Saddle gauge [mm] 48/58
Main draft 1.52 Break draft 1.2
Lap roll draft 0.5588
Calendar roller draft 1.009
Table calendar draft 1.019
Total draft 1.57

194 melliand International 4/2017


Fig. 5
Comber sliver unevenness [U%]
Fig. 8
Imperfection Index [IPI]
crease in licker-in speed, fiber damage at
higher speed licker-in results in increase in
imperfection index of the yarn.
Fig. 9 shows that the ring frame bobbin RKM
decreased as increase in the licker-in speed.
More short fiber generates due to damaged
fibers at higher speed. This increased amount
of short fibers reduces the RKM of the yarn.
Fig. 10 shows that the ring frame bobbin
hairiness increased as there was an increase
in the licker-in speed. More short fiber gen-
erates due to damaged fibers at higher
speed. This increased amount of short fibers
in yarn increases the protruding fibers which
results in increased hairiness.
Conclusion
In this study, optimum sliver quality is ob-
tained and the same quality forwarded up to
yarn stage, for analyzing card licker-in speed
effects. In carding, as the licker-in speed in-
creases from 1,000, 1,200, 1,400 rpm inten-
sive opening and cleaning is carried out and
it improves the neps removal efficiency of
carding at sliver stage. However, at the same
time there is an increase in fiber rupture.
Fiber damage increases short fiber percent-
age in the card sliver which increases the card
sliver unevenness. Further, this unevenness
reduced by draw frame and comber by dou-
bling and noil removal respectively. Short
fibers also affect in the unevenness, Imper-
fection Index, single yarn strength and hairi-
ness of the ring frame yarn. ■ and Process 3 (2017) 1, 19-23
View publication stats
Spinning
Fig. 6 Fig. 7
Finisher draw frame [FDF] sliver unevenness [U%] Ring frame yarn unevenness
Fig. 9 Fig. 10
Single yarn strength [RKM] Yarn hairiness
References
[1] Klein, W.: A practical guide to blow room
and carding, volume-II, Manual of Textile
Technology, Manchester/UK, 2000, 35-40
[2] Donmez Kretzschmar, S.; Furter, R.: Uster
AFIS Pro 2 Application report, July 2008,
11-21
[3] Bagwan, A.A.: Impact of spinning technolo-
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[4] Dorugade, V.A.; Ghongade, V.: Influence of
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melliand International 4/2017 195