November 2010

Dear CAESAR II User,

Enclosed please find the latest version of the CAESAR II Pipe Stress Analysis program, CAESAR II
2011. This package includes a program CD-Rom and associated documentation.

This version of CAESAR II incorporates many new features and technical capabilities. Some of the more
significant changes are listed in the table below (for a complete list of changes, refer to Chapter 1 of the
Quick Reference Guide, or on-line using “\Help\What’s New in 2011”).

• Added a new restraint report “Restraints in Local Element Coordinates”.

• Added the ability to assign line numbers.

• Added Nozzle limits/checks.

• Uniform loads can be either force/length or G’s in the same model.

• Added insulation, cladding, and refractory as separate input items.

• Added B31.9 Code.

• Revised the following piping codes due to code changes: RCCM-C, RCCM-D, ASME-NC, ASME-
ND, GPTC/Z380, Z662, B31.1, B31.3, and EN-13480 (2010 Draft).

The DVD has an Auto-Run feature that should start the installation driver as soon as the CD tray is
closed. The installation of CAESAR II 2011 will create a group on the startup menu for subsequent
access. Additionally a desktop shortcut icon to C2.EXE will be placed on the desktop. Please refer to
Chapter 2 of the Quick Reference Guide for additional details, and the silent install option.

Please be aware that CAESAR II 2011 is not downward compatible with any previous version of the
software. Input files from older versions are upward compatible as always. At release time, the
CADWorx bi-directional link is not yet updated to accommodate CAESAR II 2011. CADWorx models can
be used by CAESAR II 2011, but changes cannot be sent back to CADWorx. An update to CADWorx will
follow shortly.

CAESAR II 2011 like all previous versions of CAESAR II has been tested according to the QA standards
established at Intergraph CAS. Jobs created on earlier versions are compatible with CAESAR II 2011 and
should yield the same results as earlier versions except as noted in the Technical Changes on the next
page.

Regards,

CAESAR II Development Staff

 CAESAR II 2011 (Version 5.30) Changes
The list displayed below details the new or changed capabilities and features of CAESAR II 2011 (Version 5.30).

• Added the B31.9 piping.

• Updated the following piping codes: RCCM-C, RCCM-D, ASME-NC, ASME-ND, GPTC/Z380, Z662, B31.1,
B31.3, EN-13480 (2010 Draft).

• Added the ability to visually show on the Static Output menu which load cases have passed or failed.

• Added the spring hanger databases for PSS (Germany) and Seonghwa (Korea).

• Added structural tubing shapes to the AISC Structural database.

• Added a new restraint report showing reactions in local element coordinates.

• Added additional flexibility with user material databases through user named files.

• Added the ability to have user configurable nozzle limits.

• Added insulation, cladding & refractory specifications

• Improved the uniform load to display G’s or force/length in same job

• Improved the displacement import/export facility.

• Improved the PCF interface.

• Improved the WRC module.

• Added graphics/modeling/Interfacing improvements:

o Improved the Valve/Flange database option to keep 3 elements
o Added the ability to automatically generate Flange “G” values
o Added the ability to specify optional “spring hanger hardware weight”.
o Added the ability to automatically included API-650 nozzle displacement values in the model.
o Added the ability to plot Spectra and Time Histories in dynamics.

o Added line number specification and manipulation.

• Added the ability to add or reassign key strokes.

• Improved the CAESAR II documentation search capabilities by adding a combined PDF Search.
 CAESAR II 2011 (Version 5.30) - Technical Changes
The following list details changes to CAESAR II 2011 (Version 5.30), which may affect the numeric results.

• Corrected the refractory weight computation for the Weight No Contents (WNC) load case. (Ver 5.20, 090904
build)

• Corrected the wind load generation according to NBC/UBC. (Ver 5.20, 090904 build)

• Corrected the hanger selection algorithm when mixing both hot and cold load design with the "as designed"
stiffness switch. (Ver 5.20, 090904 build)

• Changed the “combined stress calculation” for B31.8 VIII so that “pipelines” are computed using nominal
dimensions while “platform piping and risers” consider mill tolerance in accordance with a Code Inquiry. (Changed
in Ver 5.20, 100122 build)

• Corrected the SIF computation of EN-13480 reducers (to 1.0) for the "In Plane/Out Plane" method. (Ver 5.20,
100122 build)

• Modified the bend SIF/Flexibility computation for EN-13480 to use the “fitting thickness” if this value is specified.
This change also affects PD-8010 which uses the EN rules for SIF and Flexibility factor values. (Ver 5.20, 100715
build)

• Added EN-13480 2010 code changes. EN-13480 2010 has made a number of changes to the SIF appendices. In
H-1 the SIF for bends is now modified based on whether the bend has 1 or 2 flanged ends. In H-3, the bend
flange modification is included as well as pressure stiffening effects.

• Added B31.3 2008 code changes. B31.3 2008 changed the equations used for the pressure stiffening effects on
bends, in Appendix D for the SIF and flexibility factor values. These terms now depend on the pressure and elastic
modulus of the specific load case.

• Added B31.3 2008 code changes. B31.3 2008 now limits the values of Sc and Sh used in the “expansion stress
allowable” equations when “f” (the cyclic reduction factor) is greater than 1.0.

• Added B31.3 2008 code changes. B31.3 2008 removed the”W” (weld strength reduction) term from the equation
used to determine the Sustained stress allowable.

• Corrected the Z662 expansion code stress calculation when the user sets “FAC” equal to 1.0. There is no
expansion stress for this condition, so the code stress is set to zero. (Ver 5.20, 100715 build)

• Corrected the EN2005 wind computation, changed one of the Zo values (from 0.001 to 0.01).

• For B31.1, footnote 1 (page 9) indicates that pressure variations should be considered in the Expansion cases.
The Configuration Directive “Pressure Variation in Exp Case” has been changed for B31.1 so that “yes” and
“default” apply pressure variations. In previous versions, “default” meant “no”.

• Corrected the elemental insulation weight reduction for hydrotest cases when the configuration is set to “ignore
insulation” in hydrotest cases.

• Corrected the determination of the B31.8 VIII hoop stress allowable (from using Sh to using Sy).

• Corrected the expansion coefficients in the CAESAR II material database for ASME NC and ND materials have
been incorrectly specified since Version 3.24. The database contained the “instantaneous coefficient of
expansion” (Column A of Table TE-1 in Section II Part D) instead of the “mean coefficient of expansion” (Column B
of Table TE-1). (The “instantaneous values” result in more expansion than the mean values for temperatures
greater than 70F and thus should have produced conservative results in most cases.)
CAESAR II 2011 Quick Reference Guide
INTERGRAPH CADWORX & ANALYSIS SOLUTIONS, INC. (“ICAS”)
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TERM

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Please contact the local sales representative for information about ICAS’ current maintenance options.
ADDITIONAL TERMS FOR CAESAR II, PV ELITE, CADWORX DESIGN REVIEW, CADWORX
DESIGN VIEWER, AND CODECALC SOFTWARE PRODUCTS:

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CAESAR II, PV Elite, CADWorx Design Review, CADWorx Design Viewer, and CodeCalc Users are
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ADDITIONAL TERMS FOR CAESAR II AND CADWORX DESIGN REVIEW SOFTWARE PRODUCTS:
®
CAESAR II and CADWorx Design Review contain Autodesk RealDWG by Autodesk, Inc., copyright ©
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(“Autodesk”) is a third-party beneficiary to this Agreement to the extent that the Software Product contains
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ENTIRE AGREEMENT

This written Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties concerning the Software
Product(s). No agent, distributor, salesman, or other person acting or representing themselves to act on
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effective unless agreed to in writing by an officer of ICAS having authority to act on behalf of ICAS in this
regard.

Document Reference Number: DDCC435B0

Document Date: May 2010

Copyright (c) 1993-2011 Intergraph CADWorx & Analysis Solutions, Inc., Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Table of Contents

Chapter 1 CAESAR II 2011 Quick Reference Guide 1-1

CAESAR II Software ................................................................................................................................ 1-1
Pipe Stress Seminars.................................................................................................................................. 1-2
System and Hardware Requirements ......................................................................................................... 1-2

Chapter 2 Installation 2-1

Installation Overview ................................................................................................................................ 2-1
Installing CAESAR II................................................................................................................................ 2-3
Installing in Silent Mode ......................................................................................................................... 2-10
ESL Installation on a Network ................................................................................................................ 2-11
Network ESLs Notes ............................................................................................................................... 2-12
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................................... 2-12

Chapter 3 Technical Information 3-1

CAESAR II Interfaces ............................................................................................................................... 3-1
Piping Codes.............................................................................................................................................. 3-2
Setup File Directives List .......................................................................................................................... 3-3
List of Materials ........................................................................................................................................ 3-8
Restraints ................................................................................................................................................... 3-9
Intersection Types ................................................................................................................................... 3-10
Node Locations on Bends ........................................................................................................................ 3-11

Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-1

Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................................ 4-2
US Code Stresses....................................................................................................................................... 4-4
International Code Stresses ....................................................................................................................... 4-8
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Manual .................................................................................... 4-16
Additional Software Programs ................................................................................................................ 4-16
 CH AP TER 1

Chapter 1 CAESAR II 2011 Quick Reference Guide

The CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide is intended to aid users in quickly identifying needed information and to
resolve common questions and problems. This Reference Guide is distributed with each copy of the software
and users are urged to copy the Reference Guide as necessary.

Comments and suggestions concerning CAESAR II, the User Guide, or the Quick Reference Guide are always
welcome. Users with problems, questions, or suggestions can contact the development/support staff at:
caesarii@intergraph.com .

In This Chapter
CAESAR II Software .................................................................... 1-1
Pipe Stress Seminars...................................................................... 1-2
System and Hardware Requirements............................................. 1-2

CAESAR II Software
CAESAR II is an advanced PC based tool for the engineer who designs or analyzes piping systems. CAESAR II
uses input spreadsheets, on-line help, graphics, and extensive error detection procedures to facilitate timely
operation and solution.

CAESAR II is capable of analyzing large piping models, structural steel models, or combined models, both
statically and dynamically. ASME, B31, WRC, and rotating equipment reports combine to provide the analyst
with a complete description of the piping system’s behavior under the applied loading conditions. Additional
technical capabilities such as out-of-core solvers, force spectrum analysis (for water hammer and relief valve
solutions), time history, and large rotation rod hangers provide the pipe stress engineer with the most advanced
computer based piping program available today.

CAESAR II is continuously enhanced to incorporate new technical abilities, to provide additional functionality,
and to modify existing computation procedures as the piping codes are updated. A complete list of the most
recent changes to CAESAR II can be found in the Getting Started Guide. Users wanting software sales are urged
to contact the sales staff at:
Phone: 281-890-4566 E-mail: sales.icas@intergraph.com
FAX: 281-890-3301 Web: http://www.coade.com/FAQ/163
 1-2 CAESAR II 2011 Quick Reference Guide

Pipe Stress Seminars

We offer seminars periodically to augment the Engineers knowledge of CAESAR II™ and Pipe Stress Analysis.
The general seminar is held in our Houston office and covers five days of Statics. Twice yearly we also cover
five days of Statics and three days of Dynamics. These seminars emphasize the piping codes, static analysis,
dynamic analysis, and problem solving.

Custom seminars held at client locations are also available. For additional seminar details, please contact the
support staff at: seminars.icas@intergraph.com.

System and Hardware Requirements

CAESAR II requires Windows XP Professional or Windows Vista with a minimum graphic card capability of
1280x1024 resolution. However, for more efficient use of the software, higher graphics resolutions are
necessary. Usually any hardware capable of running these operating systems will be sufficient to run CAESAR II.
For effective use of CAESAR II, we recommends as a minimum configuration:
 2+ GHz processor
 1+ Gbytes of RAM
 1280x1024 graphics resolution or better
 256+ Mbytes of video RAM
 Windows XP Professional, Windows Vista, or Windows 7
Please note that Windows Home Editions (Basic and Premium) are not supported.
 CH AP TER 2

Chapter 2 Installation

In This Chapter
Installation Overview .................................................................... 2-1
Installing CAESAR II.................................................................... 2-3
Installing in Silent Mode ............................................................... 2-10
ESL Installation on a Network ...................................................... 2-11
Network ESLs Notes ..................................................................... 2-12
Troubleshooting............................................................................. 2-12

Installation Overview
This chapter explains the CAESAR II installation process. To begin installation, insert the DVD in to the drive.
Note, CAESAR II is distributed on DVD media; therefore, a DVD drive is required. The installation disk will not
run in a CD drive. The installation routine will start, and the following control menu will display in an Internet
Explorer window.

The left side of this page displays options for DVD content and Company Services.

DVD content:
 Additional Installations: Includes options to install the HASP drivers and Autodesk’s TrueView
application.
 2-2 Installation

 Browse the DVD: Displays Windows Explorer focused on the root of the DVD. Additional documents and
content can be reviewed from this window.
 Additional Products: Displays a single page describing other Intergraph Analysis products.
 Contact Intergraph: Displays contact information for the Analysis Group at Intergraph.
Services section:
 Training: Displays a web page with the seminar schedule for the various analysis products.
 Support Forum: Displays Internet Explorer focused on the CAESAR II Discussion Forum.
The main (center) portion of the menu provides options to install CAESAR II or review a number of important
documents without installing anything. These options include:
 Install CAESAR II: Launches the main installation process, which installs CAESAR II, the HASP drivers,
and all associated documentation.
 CAESAR II Information: Displays Internet Explorer focused on the CAESAR II Information Page.
 Release Notes: Displays a PDF document detailing the recent changes made to this new version of
CAESAR II.
 ReadMe File: Displays a text file discussing the installation steps, the system requirements, and the DVD
contents.
 License Agreement: Displays the CAESAR II License Agreement. (Note this file is an RTF document and
may not display properly without an RTF viewer.)
 Installation Instructions: Displays the Quick Reference Guide, a PDF document containing these
instructions. The Quick Reference Guide can be accessed directly from the DVD, without installing the
software.
 HASP Licensing Overview: Displays a summary of the Aladdin (SafeNet) HASP Licensing System.
 HASP Trouble Shooting: Displays a document with troubleshooting procedures in the event there are
issues with the licensing.
 Chapter 2 Installation 2-3

Installing CAESAR II
1 To start the installation of the software click Install CAESAR II.

Installation begins by extracting all the necessary files and optionally installing any prerequisites needed by the
system.
As installation begins, a dialog box displays a progress indicator and the name of the file extracted.
Note: It is best if nothing else is running while the installation program runs. Most unsuccessful installation
attempts can be attributed to other software running at the same time as the installation.
After this completes the Welcome message displays.
 2-4 Installation

2 Click Next to continue the installation.

The CAESAR II License Agreement displays.

3 To continue the installation, click the I accept the terms in the license agreement.
 Chapter 2 Installation 2-5

4 Click Next to continue. The Setup Type dialog box displays.

5 Select the appropriate setup type, and click Next. The dialog box to set the installation folder displays below.

Tip: The default destination directory is “c:\program files\Intergraph CAS\<product name>”, where “<product
name>” reflects the program name and version.
 2-6 Installation

6 To install the software in another location, click Change. The following dialog box displays.

7 In the Folder Name box, type the new destination folder. You can also use the buttons to the right to browse
for the location.
8 After defining the proper destination folder, click OK. This will return control to the Destination Folder
dialog box.
9 Click Next to continue the installation process
After this dialog box is complete, the Select Language dialog displays. The Select Language dialog allows you
to select from various languages and dictates the language resource files that are installed.

10 After selecting the language, click Next. The Select ESL Color dialog box displays. This selection defines
whether a Local or Network key will be used. This choice, determines which driver gets loaded.
 Chapter 2 Installation 2-7

11 Select the appropriate ESL color, and then click Next.

A dialog appears asking the location of the attached ESL.

Tip: An additional dialog box displays allowing one last chance to abort the installation.

12 Click Install to transfer the software from the CD to the target destination directory.
 2-8 Installation

As the installation progresses, the status displays in a series of progress bars.

After the files have been transferred, the CAESAR II Configuration Module screen displays.

This module lets you set the default configuration for this particular workstation.
 Chapter 2 Installation 2-9

13 Click the diskette button to save the file, exit the configuration module, and continue the installation.
Note: It is highly recommended that you familiarize yourselves with the configuration directives. A full
discussion of them can be found in the CAESAR II Technical Reference Manual.
After the Configuration directives are set the Aladdin device driver installation routine is launched to install the
driver for the hardware lock.

After installing the Aladdin Device Drivers the installation routine cleans up and displays the following dialog
box.

14 To view the Readme.doc file click the Show the readme file check box before clicking Finish.
 2-10 Installation

Because a device driver was loaded, it is a good idea to restart Windows®. The final dialog box provides
options to immediately restart Windows, or to terminate the installation. Select the appropriate button.

Installing in Silent Mode

In some instances you may need to install CAESAR II without dealing with the dialog boxes, such as a network
installation or a corporate repackaging. To launch the installation in “silent mode”, with no interaction from the
user, perform these steps:
1. Navigate to the CAESAR II subdirectory on the CD.
2. Issue the installation command as detailed below. Typically the ESL_ON_MACHINE and
INSTALL_SILENT options are not necessary.
Command

Cmd= setup.exe /v"/qb PROPERTY_NAME="value" PROPERTY_NAME2="Value""

The /v switch is to pass msi commands
The /qb is a silent switch
Example:

Setup.exe /v"/qb INSTALL_SILENT="Yes" LANG="Eng" ESL_COLOR="Green""

This example installs silent with language English and ESL color green.
Setup.exe /v"/qb INSTALL_SILENT="Yes" LANG="Eng" ESL_COLOR="Red" ESL_ON_MACHINE="Yes""
This example installs silent with ESL color red and ESL install locally.
Properties
•INSTALLDIR (The path to load the installation files)
·<target_dir>
•LANG (The language to install)
·Eng (English)

·Span (Spanish)

·Ger (Germen)

·Fren (French)
 Chapter 2 Installation 2-11

•ESL_COLOR (The ESL color)

·Red

·Green
•ESL_ON_MACHINE (This is only set if ESL color is red which is if the ESL will be on local machine or
server)
·Yes

·No
•INSTALL_SILENT (Is to tell the install it's silent)
·Yes

·No

ESL Installation on a Network

CAESAR II supports two different ESLs, “local” ESLs and “network” ESLs. Both types of ESLs are intended
to be attached to the USB ports of the applicable computers. The local ESLs provide the maximum flexibility in
using the software, because these devices can be moved between computers (such as between desktops and
laptops). If your computer uses a local ESL, you can skip the remainder of this section.

The network ESL must be attached to the USB port of a computer on the network (this can be a workstation or
the file server). The file server is a better location for this ESL, because it will usually be up and running. If the
network ESL is attached to a workstation, the workstation must be running and/or logged onto the network
before anyone can use the software.

In order for the network to recognize the ESL, you must load a utility program must be loaded on the machine
controlling the ESL. The actual utility used depends on whether the ESL is on the file server or a workstation
and the type of network. The drivers for network ESL usage can be found in the sub-directory ASSIDRV
beneath the CAESAR II program directory. The documentation files in this sub-directory contain instructions
for a variety of networks and operating systems.

Novell File Server ESL Installation

If the network ESL is to be located on a Novell file server, the driver HASPSERV.NLM is needed. Copy this
driver to the file server into the top level SYSTEM directory. Then, modify the system startup file
(AUTOEXEC.NCF) to include the command LOAD HASPSERV.

This modification can be accomplished with SYSCON (or equivalent) assuming Supervisor rights.

Novell Workstation ESL Installation

If the network ESL is to be located on a workstation, the driver HASPSERV.EXE is needed. Copy this driver
should to the workstation. The actual location (directory) on the workstation is not important, as long as the
program can be located for startup. Place the command, HASPSERV, in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file of the
workstation, after the commands which load the network drivers. The workstation does not need to be logged in.

Note: The workstation must always be up and running for you to access the software.
 2-12 Installation

Windows Server Installation

For a Windows server installation, refer to the documentation files NETHASP.TXT and ESL_RED.TXT found
in the Assidrv subdirectory for network specific instructions.

Network ESLs Notes

There are advantages and disadvantages to using a network ESL. The prime advantage is that many users (up to
the number of licenses) have access (from a variety of computers) to the software on a single server.

The main disadvantage is that users cannot transfer the ESL between machines in order to take the software to a
remote location.

Because both a network and several local ESLs may be initialized on the same system (there is no network-
specific version of the software), it is suggested that only 70 to 80 percent of the licenses be assigned to a
network ESL. The remaining 20 to 30 percent of the licenses should be assigned to local ESLs. This enables the
local ESLs to be moved between computers to run the software at remote locations. Alternatively, if all of the
licenses are on the network ESL, a user must then be logged into the network to access the software. A few local
ESLs provide much greater operating flexibility.

Troubleshooting
For troubleshooting and problem solving issues, refer to the CAESAR II Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
located on the website. To access the CAESAR II FAQ: http://www.coade.com/FAQ/163.
 CH AP TER 3

Chapter 3 Technical Information

In This Chapter
CAESAR II Interfaces ................................................................... 3-1
Piping Codes.................................................................................. 3-2
Setup File Directives List .............................................................. 3-3
List of Materials ............................................................................ 3-8
Restraints ....................................................................................... 3-9
Intersection Types ......................................................................... 3-10
Node Locations on Bends .............................................................. 3-11

CAESAR II Interfaces
There are several external interfaces which allow data transfer between CAESAR II and other software packages.
Users can access these interfaces via the Tools menu on the CAESAR II Main Menu.

CAD Interfaces Notes Analysis Interfaces Notes

CADWorx bi-directional AFT Impulse
AUTOCAD DXF Output Flowmaster
COMPUTER VISION LIQT
INTERGRAPH PDS PipeNet
CADPIPE requires AUTOCAD PipePlus
ISOMET
PDMS
PCF Alias format CAESAR II Data Interfaces Notes
CAESAR II Neutral File bi-directional
CAESAR II Data Matrix geometry only
ODBC XML & MS Access

Users interested in these interfaces should contact techsupport for further information. We anticipate other
interfaces in the future and keep users updated via the newsletter or revised documentation.
 3-2 Technical Information

Piping Codes
Use the table displayed below to identify the Piping Code, publication and/or revision date.

PIPING CODE PUBLICATION DATE REVISION DATE

ANSI B31.1 (2007) June 9, 2008
ANSI B31.3 (2008) December 31, 2008
ANSI B31.4 & B31.4 Chapter IX (2006) October 20, 2006
ANSI B31.5 (2001) May 30, 2005
ANSI B31.8 & Chapter VIII (2007) November 30, 2007
B31.9 (2008) July 14, 2008
ANSI B31.11 (2002) May 30, 2003
ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3 (2009) July 1, 2009
U.S. NAVY 505 (1984) N/A
CANADIAN Z662 & Z662 Chapter 11 (8/2008) N/A
BS 806 SEPTEMBER 1993 ISSUE 1, N/A
SWEDISH METHOD 1 & 2 ND N/A
2 EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979
ANSI B31.1 (1967) N/A
STOOMWEZEN (1989) N/A
RCC-M C & M D (2007) N/A
CODETI (2001) June 2004
NORWEGIAN (1999) N/A
FDBR (1995) N/A
BS7159 (1989) N/A
UKOOA (1994) N/A
IGE/TD/12 (2003) N/A
DnV (1996) N/A
EN-13480 (2010) Draft
GPTC/Z380 (2009) January 2009
PD 8010 Part 1 & 2 (2004) N/A
ISO-14692 (2005) N/A
JPI (2002) 2004
HPGSL (2005) N/A
 Chapter 3 Technical Information 3-3

Setup File Directives List

The following list represents the possible directives which can be controlled by the user via the CAESAR II
configuration file CAESAR.CFG. These directives can be changed by the user through the use of the
CONFIGURE-SETUP program, accessed via Main Menu option #9. Directives are listed in groups
corresponding to the configuration program's menu options.

Geometry Directives
GEOMETRY DIRECTIVES
CONNECT GEOMETRY THRU CNODES = YES 34
MIN ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .5000000E+01 36
MAX ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .9500000E+02 37
BEND LENGTH ATTACHMENT PERCENT = .1000000E+01 38
MIN ANGLE TO ADJACENT BEND PT = .5000000E+01 39
LOOP CLOSURE TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 42
THERMAL BOWING HORIZONTAL TOLERANCE = .1000000E-03 92
AUTO NODE NUMBER INCREMENT= 1000000E+02 109
Z AXIS UP NO 129

Computation Control
COMPUTATION CONTROL
USE PRESSURE STIFFENING = DEFAULT 65
ALPHA TOLERANCE = .5000000E-01 33
HANGER DEFAULT RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 49
DECOMPOSITION SINGULARITY TOLERANCE = .1000000E+11 50
BEND AXIAL SHAPE = YES 51
FRICTION STIFFNESS = .1000000E+07 45
FRICTION NORMAL FORCE VARIATION = .1500000E+00 47
FRICTION ANGLE VARIATION = .1500000E+02 48
FRICTION SLIDE MULTIPLIER = .1000000E+01 46
ROD TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 59
ROD INCREMENT = 2000000E+01 58
INCORE NUMERICAL CHECK = NO 60
DEFAULT TRANSLATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 98
DEFAULT ROTATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 99
IGNORE SPRING HANGER STIFFNESS = NO 100
 3-4 Technical Information

COMPUTATION CONTROL
MISSING MASS ZPA = EXTRACTED 101
MINIMUM WALL MILL TOLERANCE = .1200000E+02 107
WRC-107 VERSION = MAR 79 1B1/2B1 119
WRC-107 INTERPOLATION = LAST VALUE 120
INCLUDE_INSULATION_IN_HYDROTEST= NO 147
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE = 70.00 135
BORDER PRESSURE = NONE 136
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION = 0. 140
INCLUDE SPRING STIFFNESS IN FREE THERMAL CASES = NO 141

SIFs and STRESSES

SIFs and STRESSES

REDUCED INTERSECTION = B31.1 POST 1980 32
USE WRC329 NO 62
NO REDUCED SIF FOR RFT AND WLT NO 53
B31.1 REDUCED Z FIX = YES 54
CLASS 1 BRANCH FLEXIBILITY NO 55
ALL STRESS CASES CORRODED = NO 35
ADD TORSION IN SL STRESS = DEFAULT 66
ADD F/A IN STRESS = DEFAULT 67
OCCASIONAL LOAD FACTOR = .00000E+00 41
DEFAULT CODE = B31.3 43
B31.1 SUSTAINED CASE SIF FACTOR = 100000E+01 40
ALLOW USERS BEND SIF = NO 52
USE SCHNEIDER NO 63
YIELD CRITERION STRESS = MAX 3D SHEAR 108
USE PD/4T NO 64
BASE HOOP STRESS ON NO 57
EN-13480 USE IN-PLANE/OUT-PLANE SIF NO 133
Ignore B31.1/B31.3 Wc Factor YES 148
LIBERAL ALLOWABLE = YES 137
STRESS STIFFENING DUE TO PRESS = NO 138
B31.3 WELDING/CONTOUR TEE MEET B16.9 NO 139
IMPLEMENT _B31.3_ APPENDIX_P NO 144
 Chapter 3 Technical Information 3-5

SIFs and STRESSES

IMPLEMENT _B31.3_ CODECASE NO 145
B31.3 Sec 319.2.3(c), Saxial NO 146
PRESSURE VARIATION IN EXPANSION CASE DEFAULT= DEFAULT 143

FRP Properties

FRP PROPERTIES
USE FRP SIF = YES 110
USE FRP FLEXIBILITY = YES 11
BS 7159 PRESSURE STIFFENING DESIGN STRAIN 121
FRP PROPERTY DATA FILE = CAESAR.FRP 122
AXIAL MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 3200000E+07 113
RATIO SHEAR MOD : AXIAL MOD = 2500000E+00 114
AXIAL STRAIN : HOOP STRESS 1527272E+00 115
FRP LAMINATE TYPE = THREE 116
FRP ALPHA = .1200000E+02 117
FRP DENSITY = .6000000E-01 118
EXCLUDE F2 FROM BENDING STRESS UKOOA NO 134

Plot Colors

PLOT COLORS
PIPES LIGHTCYAN 1
HIGHLIGHTS GREEN 2
LABELS GREEN 3
BACKGROUND BLACK 5
AXES LIGHTRED 15
HANGER/NOZZLES BROWN 16
RIGID/BENDS LIGHTGREEN 17
NODES YELLOW YELLOW 18
STRUCTURE LIGHTRED 31
DISPLACED SHAPE BROWN 30
STRESS > LEVEL 5 RED 24
STRESS > LEVEL 4 YELLOW 25
 3-6 Technical Information

PLOT COLORS
STRESS > LEVEL 3 GREEN 26
STRESS > LEVEL 2 LIGHTCYAN 27
STRESS > LEVEL 1 BLUE 28
STRESS < LEVEL 1 DARKBLUE 29
STRESS LEVEL 5 .3000000E+05 19
STRESS LEVEL 4 .2500000E+05 20
STRESS LEVEL 3 .2500000E+05 21
STRESS LEVEL 2 .1500000E+05 22
STRESS LEVEL 1 .1000000E+05 23

Database Definitions

DATABASE DEFINITIONS
STRCT DBASE = AISC89.BIN 70
VALVE & FLANGE = CADWORX.VHD 90
EXPANSION JT DATABASE = PATHWAY.JHD 91
PIPING SIZE SPECIFICATION = ANSI 88
DEFAULT SPRING HANGER TABLE = 1 112
SYSTEM DIRECTORY NAME = SYSTEM 123
UNITS FILE NAME = .ENGLISH.FIL 124
LOAD CASE TEMPLATE = .LOAD.TPL 142
ENABLE ODBC OUTPUT NO 128
APPEND RE-RUNS TO EXISTING DATA NO 126
ODBC DATABASE NAME <NONE> 127
 Chapter 3 Technical Information 3-7

Miscellaneous Computations

MISCELLANEOUS COMPUTATIONS
OUTPUT REPORTS BY LOAD CASE YES 87
DISPLACEMENT NODAL SORTING YES 89
DYNAMIC INPUT EXAMPLE TEXT MAX 94
TIME HIST ANIMATE YES 104
OUTPUT TABLE OF CONTENTS ON 105
INPUT FUNCTION KEYS DISPLAYED YES 106
MEMORY ALLOCATED 12 NA
USER ID " " NA
DISABLE _UNDO NO 128
 3-8 Technical Information

List of Materials
The CAESAR II Material Table contains 17 different isotropic materials. Properties and allowed temperature
ranges for each isotropic material are listed below.

Material No. Material Name Elastic Modulus Poisson's Ratio Pipe Density lb./cu.in Temp. Range ºF
1 Low Carbon Steel 29.5 E6 0.292 0.28993 -325 1400
2 High Carbon Steel 29.3 E6 0.289 0.28009 -325 1400
3 Carbon Moly Steel 29.2 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
4 Low Chrome Moly Steel 29.7 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
5 Med Chrome Moly Steel 30.9 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
6 Austenitic Stainless 28.3 E6 0.292 0.28930 -325 1400
7 Straight Chromium 29.2 E6 0.305 0.28010 -325 1400
8 Type 310 Stainless 28.3 E6 0.305 0.28990 -325 1400
9 Wrought Iron 29.5 E6 0.300 0.28070 -325 1400
10 Grey Cast Iron 13.4 E6 0.211 0.25580 70 1000
11 Monel 67% Ni/30% Cu 26.0 E6 0.315 0.31870 -325 1400
12 K-Monel 26.0 E6 0.315 0.30610 -325 1400
13 Copper Nickel 22.0 E6 0.330 0.33850 -325 1400
14 Aluminum 10.2 E6 0.330 0.10130 -325 600
15 Copper 99.8% Cu 16.0 E6 0.355 0.32270 70 400
16 Commercial Brass 17.0 E6 0.331 0.30610 -325 1200
17 Leaded Tin Bronze 1 14.0 E6 0.330 0.31890 -325 1200

In addition CAESAR II supports material types 18 or 19 for cut short and cut long cold spring elements. Material
number 20 activates the CAESAR II Orthotropic Material Model (i.e., Fiber-glass reinforced plastic pipe); the
default coefficient of expansion is 12.0 E-6 in./in./°F. Material 21 indicates user-defined properties. Material
numbers over 100 are from the Material Database and include the allowable stress and other piping code data.
 Chapter 3 Technical Information 3-9

Restraints
CAESAR II stores restraint information on16 different restraint types.

Restraint Type Abbreviation

Anchor A
Translational Double Acting X,Y, or Z
Rotational Double Acting RX, RY, or RZ
Guide, Double Acting GUI
Double Acting Limit Stop LIM
Translational Double Acting Snubber XSNB, YSNB, ZSNB
Translational Directional +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z
Rotational Directional +RX, -RX, +RY, etc.
Directional Limit Stop +LIM, -LIM
Large Rotation Rod XROD, YROD, ZROD
Translational Double Acting Bilinear X2, Y2, Z2
Rotational Double Acting Bilinear RX2, RY2, RZ2
Translational Directional Bilinear -X2, +Y2, -Y2, etc.
Rotational Double Acting Bilinear -RX2, +RY2, - RY2, etc.
Bottom Out Spring XSPR, YSPR, ZSPR
Directional Snubber +XSNB, -XSNB, +YSNB, etc.
 3-10 Technical Information

Intersection Types
The table below displays intersection types used in CAESAR II.

Type B31.3 Type Notes Sketch

1 Reinforced Reinforced Fabricated Tee Used to lower SIFs

Not a fitting

Modified pipe

2 Unreinforced Unreinforced Fabricated Tee Routine intersection

Not a fitting

Modified pipe

Usually the cheapest

3 Welded Tee Welding Tee Usually size-on-size

Governed by B16.9

Usually the lowest SIF

Usually expensive

4 Sweepolet Welded-in Contour Insert Sit-in fitting

Forged fittings on a pipe

5 Weldolet Branch Welded on Fitting "Sit-on" fitting

Forged fittings on a pipe

6 Extruded Extruded Welding Tee Seldom used

Used for thick wall

manifolds

Extruded from straight pipe

 Chapter 3 Technical Information 3-11

Node Locations on Bends

 Bends are defined by the element entering the bend and the element leaving the bend. The actual bend
curvature is always physically at the TO end of the element entering the bend.
 The element leaving a bend must appear immediately after the element defining (entering) the bend.
 The default bend radius is 1.5 times the pipe nominal OD.
 For stress and displacement output the TO node of the element entering the bend is located geometrically at
the FAR point on the bend. The FAR point is at the weld line of the bend, and adjacent to the straight
element leaving the bend.
 The NEAR point on the bend is at the weld line of the bend, and adjacent to the straight element entering the
bend.
 The FROM point on the element is located at the NEAR point of the bend if the total length of the element
as specified in the DX, DY and DZ fields is equal to: Radius * tan( Beta / 2 ) where “Beta” is the bend angle,
and Radius is the bend radius of curvature to the bend centerline.
 Nodes defined in the Angle # and Node # fields are placed at the given angle on the bend curvature. The
angle starts with zero degrees at the NEAR point on the bend and goes to “Beta” degrees at the FAR point
of the bend.
 Angles are always entered in degrees.
 By default, nodes on the bend curvature cannot be specified within five (5) degrees of one another or within
five degrees of the nearest end point. This and other bend settings may be changed through the Main Menu,
Configure-setup processor.
 When the FROM node on the element entering the bend is not at the bend NEAR point a node may be
placed at the near point of the bend by entering an Angle # on the bend spreadsheet equal to 0.0 degrees. For
more information see the following figure.
 When defining a bend element for the first time in the pipe spreadsheet, nodes are automatically placed at
the near and midpoint of the bend. The generated midpoint node number is one less than the TO node
number on the element, and the generated near point node number is two less than the TO node number on
the element. A near point should always be included in the model in tight, highly formed piping systems.
The top-left figure below shows the points on the bend as they would be input. The top-right figure shows
the actual geometric location of the points on the bend. The bottom-left figure shows the same geometry
except that two nodes are defined on the bend curvature at angles of zero and forty-five degrees.

 For an animated tutorial on modeling bends, select the ANIMATED TUTORIALS option on the Help menu.
 CH AP TER 4

Chapter 4 Code Stresses

In This Chapter
Nomenclature ................................................................................ 4-2
US Codes ....................................................................................... 4-4
International Codes ........................................................................ 4-8
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Manual.......................... 4-16
Additional COADE Software Programs........................................ 4-16
 4-2 Code Stresses

Nomenclature
Unless specifically re-defined in a specific code section use the definition below to determine the meaning of the
defined terms.

A m – Cross-sectional metal area in the pipe.

B 1 – Primary Stress index (component specific)

B 2 – Primary Stress indeed (component specific)

Di – internal diameter

Dm – mean diameter

Do – outer diameter

dT – change in temperature

E – elastic modulus

f – cyclic reduction factor

F1
– hoop stress design factor

F ax – axial force

FAC – FAC serves a number of purposes depending on which piping code it is associated with. Please refer to
the on-line help for more information.

i – stress intensification factor

i i – in-plane stress intensification factor

i o – out-of-plane stress intensification factor

k – occasional load factor

M a – resultant moment due to weight and other sustained loadings

M b – resultant moment due to occasional loadings

M c – range of resultant moments due to expansion and displacement loadings

M i – in-plane moment

M o – out-of-plane moment

P i – internal pressure

P e – external pressure
 Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-3

R – radius of pipe or bend

S a – axial stress

S b – bending stress

S c – cold allowable stress (ambient or reference temperature)

S e – equivalent stress (Von Mises or Tresca)

S h – hot allowable stress

S hoop – hoop stress

S l – longitudinal stress

S lp – longitudinal pressure stress

S s – Tangential Shear Stress

S t – torsion stress

S U = ultimate tensile strength

S y – yield stress

T – temperature derating factor

t n – nominal wall thickness

Ζ – pipe section modulus

α - coefficient of thermal expansion

ν - Poisson’s ratio

Following are the code stress equations for the actual and allowable stresses used by CAESAR II. For the listed
codes, the actual stress is defined by the left hand side of the equation and the allowable stress is defined by the
right hand side. The CAESAR II load case label is also listed after the equation.

Typically, the load case recommendations made by CAESAR II are sufficient for code compliance. However,
CAESAR II does not recommend occasional load cases. Occasional loads are unknown in origin and must be
specified by the user.
 4-4 Code Stresses

US Code Stresses
Longitudinal Pressure Stress - S lp
S lp = PD o / 4t n Code approximation
S lp = PD i 2 / (D o 2 - D i 2) Code exact equation, CAESAR II Default

Operating Stress – unless otherwise specified.

S = S lp + F ax /A m + S b < N/A

B31.1
Sl = S lp + 0.75iM a /Z < Sh (SUS)
iM c /Z < f[1.25(S c + S h ) - S l ] (EXP)
Slp + 0.75iM a / Z + 0.75iM b / Z < kS h (OCC)

B31.3
Sl = S lp + F ax /A m + S b < Sh (SUS)
(S b 2 + 4S t 2)1/2 < f[1.25(S c + S h ) – S l ] (EXP)
F ax /A m + S b + S lp < kS h (OCC)
S b = {[(i i M i )2 + (i o M o )2]1/2} / Z

ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3

[B 1 P max D o + B 2 M a / Z] / 2t n < 1.5Sh (SUS)
iM c / Z < f(1.25S c + 0.25S h ) + S h - S l (EXP)
B1S lpmax + B2(M a + M b ) / Z < 1.8S h and < 1.5S y (OCC)

B31.1 (1967) and Navy Section 505

S l = S lp + (S b 2 + 4S t 2)1/2 < Sh (SUS)
(S b 2 + 4S t 2)1/2 < f[1.25S c + 0.25S h +(S h – S l )] (EXP)
2 2 1/2
S lp + (S b + 4S t ) < kS h (OCC)
 Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-5

B31.4
Fully Restrained Pipe (FAC = 1.0):
FAC|EαdT – νS hoop | + S hoop < 0.9 S y (OPE)
Buried w/soil restraints modeled Only applies to OPE case if S lp + F ax /A m is compressive.
(FAC = 0.001):
F ax /A m – νS hoop + S b + S hoop < 0.9 S y (OPE)
Fully Above Ground (FAC = 0): Only applies to OPE case if S lp + F ax /A m is compressive.
S lp + F ax /A m + S b + S hoop < 0.9S y (OPE)
(S lp + S b + F ax /A m )(1.0 – FAC) < .75(.72)S y (SUS)
2 2 1/2
(S b + 4S t ) < 0.72S y (EXP)
(S lp + S b + F ax /A m )(1.0 – FAC) < 0.8S y (OCC)

B31.4 Chapter IX
Hoop: S hoop < F1Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal: |S lp | < 0.8S y (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent: S e < 0.9S y (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
S e = 2{[(S lp – S hoop )/2]2 + S t }0.5
2

S hoop = (P i – P e )D/2t
S lp = S a + S b or S a – S b
Note: CAESAR II only reports the controlling stress the largest percentage of its allowable for each
load case.

B31.5
S l = S lp + F ax /A m +S b < Sh (SUS)
(S b 2 + 4S t 2)1/2 < f[1.25(S c + S h ) – S l ] (EXP)
F ax /A m + S b + S lp < kS h (OCC)
S b = {[(i i M i )2 + (i o M o )2]1/2} / Z
 4-6 Code Stresses

B31.8
Restrained Pipe: As defined in section 833.1
Straight Pipe:
Max(S L , S C ) < 0.9S y T (OPE, SUS)
SL < 0.9S y T (OCC)
SC < S yT (OCC)
All other components:
SL < 0.9S y T (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Unrestrained Pipe: As defined in section 833.1
SL < 0.75S y T (SUS, OCC)
SE < f[1.25(S c + S h ) – S L (EXP)
Where:
S L = SP + Sx + SB
S P = 0.3S hoop
S P = 0.5S hoop Restrained Pipe
Unrestrained Pipe
Sx = R / A
S B = MB / Z
Straight pipe
S B = MR / Z
All other components
2 2 2 1/2
M R = [(.75i i M i ) +(0.75i o M o ) + M t ]
M B = (M i 2 + M o 2)1/2
S c = Maximum of |S hoop – S L |
or
2 2
1/2
[S L – S L S hoop + S hoop ]
S E = ME / Z
2 2 1/2
M E = [(0.75i i M i ) +(0.75i o M o ) + M t ]
Where Continued:
S c = 0.33S U (In the allowables)
S h = 0.33S U T (In the allowables)
 Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-7

B31.8 Ch VIII
Hoop Stress: S hoop < F1S y T (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal: |S L | < 0.8S y (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent: S e < 0.9S y (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
F1 Hoop Stress Design Factor (Table A842.22)
T Temp. Derating Factor (Table 841.116A)
S hoop = (P i – P e )D/2t
S e = 2{[(S L – S hoop )/2]2 + S s }1/2
2

Note: The product of S y and T must be entered in the SH field in the CAESAR II Input.

B31.11
Fully restrained pipe (FAC = 1.0):
FAC|EαdT – νS hoop | + S hoop < 0.9 S y (OPE)
Buried w/ soil restraints FAC = 0.001 Only applies to OPE case if in axial compression
F ax /A m – νS hoop + S b + S hoop < 0.9S y (OPE)
Fully above ground (FAC = 0.0): Only applies to OPE case if in axial compression
|S lp + F ax /A m | + S b + S hoop < 0.9S y (OPE)
(S lp + S b + F ax /A m )(1.0 – FAC) < 0.75(.72)S y (SUS)
2 2 1/2
(S b + 4S t ) < 0.75S y (EXP)
(S lp + S b + F ax /A m )(1.0 – FAC) < 0.88S y (OCC)

GPTC
S lp + 0.75iM a / Z < Sy (OPE)
S lp + S b < 0.75S y F t (SUS)
2 2 1/2
(S b + 4S t ) < 0.72S y (EXP)
 4-8 Code Stresses

International Code Stresses

Stoomwezen
S lp + 0.75iM a / Z < f (SUS)
iM C / Z < fe (EXP)
S lp + 0.75i(M a + M b ) / Z < 1.2f (OCC)

CODETI
S l = S lp + F ax /A m + S b < Sh (SUS)
(S b 2 + 4S t 2)1/2 < f[1.25(S l + S h ) – S l (EXP)
S lp + F ax /A m + iM A / Z + iM B / Z < kS h (OCC)
S b = {[(i i M i )2 + (i o M o )2]1/2} / Z
Alternate Method: Config switch set to TRUE.
S l = PD o /4t + 0.75iM A / Z < Sh (SUS)
iM C / Z < f[1.25S c + 0.25S h ]E h /E c (EXP)
PD o /4t + 0.75iM A / Z + 0.75iM B / Z < kS h (OCC)
Note: There is a switch in Configure/Setup to select which method CAESAR II will use.

Canadian Z662
Fully restrained pipe (FAC = 1.0):
|EαdT – νS hoop | + S hoop < 0.9S y T (OPE)
Buried w/ soil restraints (FAC = 0.001): Only if F ax /A m – νS hoop is compressive
|F ax /A m – νS hoop | + S b + S hoop < SyT (OPE)
Fully above ground (FAC = 0.0): For OPE case only if S lp +F ax /A m is compressive
|S lp + F ax /A m | + S b + S hoop < SyT (OPE)
0.5S hoop + S b < S y FLT (SUS, OCC)
[S b 2 +4S t 2]1/2 < 0.72S y T (EXP)
Where:
F= Design Factor (clause 4.3.3.2)
L= Location Factor (clause 4.3.3.3)
T= Temperature Factor (4.3.3.5)
 Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-9

Canadian Z662 Ch 11
S h = (P i – P e )D/2t min if (D/t >20) < FTS y (OPE, SUS, OCC)
2 2 2 2
S h = (P i –P e )(D o +D i )/(D o -D i ) if(D/t < 20), < FTS y (OPE, SUS, OCC)
t nominal
S eq = (S h 2+S l 2-S h S l +3S t 2)0.5 use t nominal < FTS y (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
F = Design Factor (Table 11.1)
T = Temperature Factor (Table 4.4)

Norwegian
2 2 2
S I = PD i /Eff(D o – D i ) + 0.75M a /Z < Sh (SUS)
iM C / Z < Sh + Sr - Sl (EXP)
P max D i 2/(Eff(D o 2 – D i 2) + 0.75i(M a + M b ) / Z < 1.2S h (OCC)
Where:
S r = min(1.25S c + .25S h , F r R s – F 2 )
or The latter applies to temps > 370 C; 425 C
F r (1.25R 1 + 0.25R 2 ) for Austenitic stainless steel

F r (Cyclic Reduction Factor)

R s (Permissible stress for 7000 cycles)
R 1 Min(S c , 0.267R m )

R 2 Min(S h , 0.367R m )
R m (Ultimate tensile strength at room temp)

FDBR
S l = S lp + 0.75iM A / Z < Sh (SUS)
iM C / Z < f[1.25(S c + S h ) – S l ] (EXP)
S lp + 0.75iM A / Z + 0.75iM B / Z < kS h (OCC)
 4-10 Code Stresses

BS 7159
If S x is tensile:
(S x 2 + 4S s 2)1/2 < Sh (OPE)
2 2 1/2 (OPE)
(S φ + 4S s ) < EffS h
If S x is compressive:
S φ + ν φx S x < EffS h (OPE)

|S x | < 1.25S h (OPE)

Where:
S x = PD m / 4t + [(i xi M i )2 + (i xo M o )2]1/2 / Z
Ss = Sx – Fx / A
If F x / A > PD m / 4t, and it is
compressive:
For Straight Pipe
S φ = MPD m / 2t For Bends
2 2 1/2
S φ = MPD m / 2t + [(i φi M i ) +(i φo M o ) ] / For Tees
Z
S φ = MPD m / 2t + [(i xi M i )2 + (i xo M o )2]1/2 /
Z
Dm and t are always for the run pipe
Eff = E φ / E x

UKOOA
σab(f 2 /r) + PD m / 4t < f 1 f 2 LTHS / 2.0 (OPE)
Where:
σab = Axial Bending Stress due to mechanical loads
f 1 = Factor of Safety for 97.5% confidence limit, usually 0.85
f 2 = System factor of safety, usually 0.67
r = σa(0:1) / σa(2:1)
σa(0:1) = Long-term Axial Tensile Strength in absence of pressure load
σa(2:1) = Long-term Axial Strength under only pressure loading
LTHS = Long-term Hydrostatic Strength (hoop stress allowable)
 Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-11

Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Hoop Stress: S h < n s SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Hoop Stress: S h < n u SMTS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal Stress: S L < nSMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: S e < nSMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
S h = (P i – P e )(D-t)/2t
ns = Hoop Stress Usage Factor Tables C1 and C2
nu = Hoop Stress Bursting Factor Tables C1 and C2

SMYS = Specified Minimum Yield

Stress at Operating Temp.

SMTS = Specified Min.Tensile

Strength at Operating Temp.
SL = Max. Longitudinal Stress
n= Equiv. Stress Usage Factor Table C4
S e = [S h + S L – S h S L + 3t2]1/2
2 2

EN-13480
P c d o /4en + 0.75iM A /Z < kf n (SUS)
P c d o /4en + 0.75iM A /Z + iM c /Z < f n +f a (EXP)
P c d o /4en + 0.75iM A /Z + 0.75iM B /Z < kf n (OCC)
Alternate Option:
S bA = [(i i M i )2+(i o M o )2]1/2 / Z Due to Primary Loads
S l = P c d o /4en + S bA < kf n (SUS)
2 2 1/2
[S b + 4S t ] +S l < fn + fh (EXP)
S bB = [(i i M i )2 + (i o M o )2]1/2 / Z Due to Occasional Loads
P c d o /4en + S bA + S bB < kf n (OCC)
 4-12 Code Stresses

HPGSL
S l = S lp +F ax /A m + S b < Sh (SUS)
[S b 2 + 4S t 2]1/2 < f[1. 25(S c + S h ) – S l ] (EXP)
F ax /A m + S b + S lp < kS h (OCC)
S b = [(i i M i )2 + (i o M o )2]1/2 / Z

JPI
S l = S lp + F ax /A m +S b < Sh (SUS)
2 2 1/2
(S b + 4S t ) < f[1.25(S c + S h ) – S l ] (EXP)
F ax /A m + S b + S lp < kS h (OCC)

PD8010 Part 1
Hoop Stress: S h < eS y (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: S e < 0.9S y (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
Sy = specified min yield strength
e = weld joint factor
2 2 2 2
S h = P(D o + D i )/(D o - D i )
2 2 2 1/2
S e = [S h + S L – S h S L + 3S t ]
S t = M T /2Z + 2F s /A
M T = torsional moment
F s = shear force
Unrestrained:
S L = S lp +iM/Z
Restrained:
FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained):
S L = νS h - EαdT
FAC = 0.001 (Buried w/soil restraints):
S L = F ax /A m +S h (1-ν) + S b
 Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-13

PD8010 Part 2
Hoop Stress: S h < f dh S y (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: S e < f de S y (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
f dh = hoop stress design factor per Table 2.
f de = equivalent stress design factor per Table 2.
2 2 2 2
S h = (P e -P i )(D o + D i )/(D o -D i )
2 2 2 1/2
S e = [S h + S L – S h S L + 3S t ]
S t = M t /2Z + iM/Z
S L = S lp + iM/Z

RCC-M C&D
S lp + 0.75iM a /Z < Sh (SUS)
iM C /Z < f[1.25(S c +S h ) – S l ] (EXP)
S lpmax + 0.75i(M a +M b )/Z < 1.2S h (OCC)

ISO 14692
ISO 14692 requires that the sum of all hoop stresses (σ h, sum ) and the sum of all axial stresses (σ a,
sum ) be evaluated for all states of the piping system. CAESAR II will evaluate these stresses for stress
types OPE, SUS, and OCC. If the hoop stress is exceeded, the axial stress will not be reported.
Pipe:
Fully Measured Envelope: (σ hl(1,1) and σ al(1,1) input)
If:
σ h,sum < f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 σ hl(2,1)
and if:
σ h,sum < f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 σ hl(1,1)
then use:
σ a,sum < f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 σ al(0,1) + (σ al(1,1) – σ al(0,1) )/σ hl(1,1) + σ h,sum

If:
σ h,sum > f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 σ hl(1,1)
then use:
σ a,sum < f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 σ al(1,1) +{[σ al(2,1) – σ al(1,1) ]/[σ hl(2,1) -σ hl(1,1) ]}[σ h,sum –
f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 σ hl(1,1) ]
 4-14 Code Stresses

Simplified Envelope: (σ hl(1,1) and σ al(1,1) not input)

σ h,sum < f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 σ hl(2,1)
and
σ h,sum < f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 σ al(0,1) + [σ al(2,1) – σ al(0,1) ]σ h,sum /σ hl(2,1)
Joints and Bends:
Simplified Envelope (r < 1):
σ h,sum < f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 σ qs
and
σ a,sum < f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 rσ qs / 2 + (1-r)σ h,sum / 2
Joints and Bends:
Rectangular Envelope (r < 1): < f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 σ qs
σ h,sum
and < f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 rσ qs / 2
σ a,sum
Tees:
Rectangular Envelope (r = 1):
σ h,sum < f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 σ qs
and
σ a,sum < f 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 σ qs / 2
Where:
f2 = Part factor for loading (default values listed from Table 3)
0.89 for Occasional Short-term Loads
0.83 for Sustained Loads including Thermal Loads.
0.67 for Sustained Loads excluding Thermal Loads.
A1 = Partial Factor for Temperature

A2 = Partial Factor for Chemical Resistance

Partial Factor for Cyclic Service
A3 =
σ qs = Qualified Stress (entered for bends, fittings, and joints)

σ al(0,1) = Long-term axial strength at 0:1 Stress Ratio

σ al(1,1) =
Long-term axial strength at 1:1 Stress Ratio
σ hl(1,1) =
σ al(2,1) = Long-term hoop strength at 1:1 Stress Ratio

σ hl(2,1) = Long-term axial strength at 2:1 Stress Ratio

 Chapter 4 Code Stresses 4-15

r= Bi-axial stress ratio 2σ al(0,1) /σ qs (for simplified and rectangular envelopes)

σ a,sum = 2 2 1/2
Sum of all axial stresses {(σ ap + σ ab ) + 4ξ }

σ h,sum = 2
Sum of all hoop stresses [σ h + 4ξ2]1/2

σ ap = Axial Pressure Stress

σ ab = Axial Bending Stress

ξ= Torsion Stress

σh = Hoop Stress
 4-16 Code Stresses

CAESAR II Verification and Validation Manual

The CAESAR II Verification and Validation Manual is intended to serve as a publicly available verification
document. This manual discusses (briefly) the current industry QA standards, the Intergraph CAS QA standard, a
series of benchmark jobs, and instructions for users implementing QA procedures on their own hardware.

The benchmark jobs consist of comparisons to published data by ASME and the NRC. Additional test jobs
compare CAESAR II results to other industry programs.

For additional information on the Verification and Validation Manual, please contact the sales department at
sales.icas@intergraph.com.

Additional Software Programs

CADWorx Plant - An AutoCAD based plant design/drafting program with a bi-directional data transfer link to
CAESAR II. CADWorx allows models to be created in ortho, iso, 2D or 3D modes. CADWorx template
specifications, contained with built in auto routing, auto iso, stress iso, auto dimensioning, complete libraries,
center of gravity calculations, and bill of materials, provides the most complete plant design package to
designers.

CodeCalc - A program for the design or analysis of pressure vessel components. CodeCalc capabilities include:
analysis of tubesheets, rectangular vessels, flanges, nozzles, Zick Analysis, and the standard internal/external
thickness and pressure computations on heads, shells, and cones. API 579 calculations are also included.

PV Elite - A comprehensive program for the design or analysis of vertical and horizontal vessels. Pressure Vessel
Codes include ASME VIII-1 and VIII-2, PD: 5500 and EN-13445. PVElite includes all of the CodeCalc
functionality.

PV Fabricator - A program that automates the production of pressure vessel fabrication deliverables. When linked
to PV Elite, PV Fabricator improves the workflow and reduces errors.

TANK - A program for the design or rerating of API-650/653 storage tanks. The program includes API 650
Appendices A, E, F, M, P, R, S, and V as well as API 653 Appendix B. Computations address: winds girders,
conical roof design, allowed fluid heights, and remaining corrosion allowance.
 Index 1

Quick Reference Guide Index S

Setup File Directives List • 3-3
SIFs and STRESSES • 3-4
A System and Hardware Requirements • 1-2
Additional COADE Software Programs • 4-16 T
C Technical Information • 3-1
Troubleshooting • 2-12
CAESAR II Interfaces • 3-1
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Version 5.30 • 1-1 U
CAESAR II Software • 1-1
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Manual • 4-16 US Codes • 4-4
Code Stresses • 4-1 W
Computation Control • 3-3
Windows Server Installation • 2-12
D
Database Definitions • 3-6
E
ESL Installation on a Network • 2-11
F
FRP Properties • 3-5
I
Installation • 2-1
Installation Overview • 2-1
Installing CAESAR II • 2-3
Installing in Silent Mode • 2-10
International Codes • 4-16
Intersection Types • 3-10
L
List of Materials • 3-8
M
Miscellaneous Computations • 3-7
N
Network ESLs Notes • 2-12
Node Locations on Bends • 3-11
Nomenclature • 4-2
Novell File Server ESL Installation • 2-11
Novell Workstation ESL Installation • 2-11
P
Pipe Stress Seminars • 1-2
Piping Codes • 3-2
Plot Colors • 3-5
R
Restraints • 3-9