Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of
Water Treatment
in
Industrial Water Bearing System
• Steam Boiler
• Condenser
• Cooling Tower
• Distribution pipes
• Pump
• Reverse Osmosis System
Reasons why Water Treatment in Water Bearing Systems :
UNDESIRED IMPURITIES
* (scale forming ions)
* (dissolved gases)
* (pH = too low or too high)
* Total Suspended Solids
lead to :
Scaling
Corrosion
Bio-fouling
Reasons why Water Treatment in Industrial Water Bearing Systems :
Impurities Problems
Alkalinity Convert to CO2 in steam and cause
(Bicarbonate HCO3 , Carbonate CO3 , Hydrate OH corrosion.
Hardness Hardness + Alkalinity
(Calcium Ca++ , Magnesium Mg++) SCALING
Temporary Hardness
Soft Scale
Calcium bicarbonate CaHCO3
Corrosion
Magnesium bicarbonate MgHCO3
Permanent Hardness
Calcium Sulphate CaSO4
Calcium Chloride CaCl2 Hard scale
Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4
Magnesium Chloride MgCl2
Silica SiO2 Hard scale
Iron (Fe2 ; Fe3) Boiler & Water line Deposite
Oxygen O2 Corrosion
Hydrogen Sulphite H2S Corrosion
pH Corrosion when pH below 8.5
Existing Water Treatment Plant and the Issue
• Water get evaporated and NaOH increases further and react with iron,
hence cause Embrittlement.
Prevention:
1. Addition of sodium sulphate or sodium phosphate. Which will block
hair-cracks.
2. Excess of Na2SO4 is avoided else it will form CaSO4 → hard scale .
Cation – Anion Exchange Water Treatment Plant
Advantage:
1. Produces soft water
2. Can treat highly acidic or alkaline water
3. Regeneration of ion resins are possible
4. Maintenance cost is low
Disadvantage:
1. Cost of equipment is high
2. Highly turbid water can not be treated
3. Expensive chemicals are required.
Critical Points in Ion Exchange “Water Treatment”
(Demin Plant and Water Softener)
• Resin degradation :
(coated by Fe Fouling)
• Regeneration Inefficiency .
Water Treatment in Industrial Water Bearng Systems :
Undesired Effects
on
STEAM BOILER
* Deposit of hard scale
* Corrosion/pitting/embrittlement
UNDESIRED IMPURITIES
• (scale forming ions) * (dissolved gases)
* (pH = too low or too high) * Total Suspended Solids
Water Treatment in Industrial Water Bearing Systems :
Undesired Effects
on
CONDENSER
* Corrosion
* Deposit of mud
* Biofouling
* Scaling * Biofouling
Water Treatment in Industrial Water Bearing Systems :
Undesired Effects
on
COOLING TOWER
Accumulation of mud
+
Bio-fouling
at the basin
Undesired Effects
On
Sea Water Reverse Osmosis System
Membrane clogging
Membrane clogging
* Decreased efficiency of equipment.
* Emergency shutdown.
* Costs of maintenance.
* Loss of production.
Power Supply Unit : AC current input towards the
Transducer . Also as a voltage
stabilizer.
Ca ++ Ca ++
Mg ++ Mg ++
CO3— CO3—
HCO3 – HCO3 –
SiO3 SiO3
2. The precipitated ions then initiate a 2. The precipitated ions then initiate a
crystallization of which has a GOOD affinity crystallization of which has a LESS affinity to
to adhere to the surface of equipment ; adhere to the surface of equipment ;
3. Then deposit of hard scale occur. 3. Then deposit of hard scale is INHIBITED.
How Hydropath Technology work as : Scaling Remover
The oscillation of the electric field causes the existing hard scale
(attached onto the component surface ) become brittle ; hence will
easily get peeled off by a hydrodynamic force and then be transported
out of the system.
How Hydropath Technology work as : Corrosion Inhibitor
Corrosion phenomenon
1. Iron ions (Fe) at the surface of a component undergoes a number of
simple changes.
2. Medium to move in (water + oxygen)
2Fe + O2 + 2H2O → 2Fe(OH)2
Iron + Water with oxygen → Iron Hydroxide
Conducted by:
The Royal Scientific Society of Jordan
Venue:
Jordan Steel company
Goal:
Test effect of HydroFLOW on corrosion
Results:
• Over 65% corrosion reduction
• Significant Limescale reduction
Conclusion:
“Hydropath Technology can be
recommended as a replacement
of chemical corrosion protection”
How Hydropath Technology work as : BIOCIDE