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The Significance

of
Water Treatment
in
Industrial Water Bearing System

• Steam Boiler
• Condenser
• Cooling Tower
• Distribution pipes
• Pump
• Reverse Osmosis System
Reasons why Water Treatment in Water Bearing Systems :

Generally , the raw water to be used as feed water to the


system still contains :

UNDESIRED IMPURITIES
* (scale forming ions)
* (dissolved gases)
* (pH = too low or too high)
* Total Suspended Solids

lead to :

Undesired Effects on Equipment

Scaling
Corrosion
Bio-fouling
Reasons why Water Treatment in Industrial Water Bearing Systems :

Impurities Problems
Alkalinity Convert to CO2 in steam and cause
(Bicarbonate HCO3 , Carbonate CO3 , Hydrate OH corrosion.
Hardness Hardness + Alkalinity
(Calcium Ca++ , Magnesium Mg++) SCALING
Temporary Hardness
Soft Scale
Calcium bicarbonate CaHCO3
Corrosion
Magnesium bicarbonate MgHCO3
Permanent Hardness
Calcium Sulphate CaSO4
Calcium Chloride CaCl2 Hard scale
Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4
Magnesium Chloride MgCl2
Silica SiO2 Hard scale
Iron (Fe2 ; Fe3) Boiler & Water line Deposite
Oxygen O2 Corrosion
Hydrogen Sulphite H2S Corrosion
pH Corrosion when pH below 8.5
Existing Water Treatment Plant and the Issue

(Scaling Corrosion Bio-fouling) still occur in your water bearing system ?

• Improper water treatment and/or lack of control.


• Chemical Overfeeding.
• Chemical Underfeeding.
• Dissolved oxygen / CO / Hydrogen Sulphite in the water attacking the metal.
• Accumulation of corrosion by-product.
• M.I.C. - Microbiologically Induced Corrosion.

At Cooling Tower side :


• Suspended solids (dirt) in tower water makeup.
• Sometimes, the makeup water ( especially after a heavy rain) comes with a high
amount of suspended solids ( dirt).
• Air borne dirt entering the tower.
• Accumulations of dead algae & bacteria in tower basin and piping.
Cation Exchange Water Treatment Plant

• ION EXCHANGE – WATER SOFTENER Disadvantages


1. Only Ca+
and Mg+ ions can be removed
(to remove hardness) 2. Large amount of Na ions present in treated
water.
3. Leaves other acids which causes corrosion
4. Water should be free from suspended
impurities to prevent clogging on Zeolite
beds.
5. Treated water contains more dissolved
solids.

• Sodium carbonate is used in softening of water maybe left behind in the


water and following reaction occur :

Na2CO3 + H2O → 2NaOH + CO2

• As Conc. of NaOH increases, water flows into minute hair cracks.

• Water get evaporated and NaOH increases further and react with iron,
hence cause Embrittlement.

Prevention:
1. Addition of sodium sulphate or sodium phosphate. Which will block
hair-cracks.
2. Excess of Na2SO4 is avoided else it will form CaSO4 → hard scale .
Cation – Anion Exchange Water Treatment Plant

Demin plant (Demineralization)

Advantage:
1. Produces soft water
2. Can treat highly acidic or alkaline water
3. Regeneration of ion resins are possible
4. Maintenance cost is low

Disadvantage:
1. Cost of equipment is high
2. Highly turbid water can not be treated
3. Expensive chemicals are required.
Critical Points in Ion Exchange “Water Treatment”
(Demin Plant and Water Softener)

• Resin degradation :
(coated by Fe Fouling)

(Dissolved O2 or Chloride Attack)

• Loss of Resin (during regeneration) ;

• Regeneration Inefficiency .
Water Treatment in Industrial Water Bearng Systems :

Undesired Effects
on
STEAM BOILER
* Deposit of hard scale

* Corrosion/pitting/embrittlement

* Carryover to downstream equipment

UNDESIRED IMPURITIES
• (scale forming ions) * (dissolved gases)
* (pH = too low or too high) * Total Suspended Solids
Water Treatment in Industrial Water Bearing Systems :

Undesired Effects
on
CONDENSER

* Corrosion

* Deposit of mud

* Biofouling
* Scaling * Biofouling
Water Treatment in Industrial Water Bearing Systems :
Undesired Effects
on
COOLING TOWER

Accumulation of mud
+
Bio-fouling
at the basin

Algae + Bio-fouling Corrosion + Scaling Scaling + Bio-fouling


at the louvers /PVC fills at the distribution pipe at the louvers /PVC fills
Water Treatment in Industrial Water Bearing Systems :

Undesired Effects
On
Sea Water Reverse Osmosis System

Membrane clogging

Membrane clogging
* Decreased efficiency of equipment.

* Increased energy cost.

* Premature of equipment lifetime.

* Emergency shutdown.

* Costs of maintenance.

* Costs of spare-part replacement.

* Loss of production.
Power Supply Unit : AC current input towards the
Transducer . Also as a voltage
stabilizer.

Transducer : Transforming AC current into


sine electro- magnetic wave @
160 KHz – 200 KHz

Emitter Ferrite Ring : Transmits the sine electro-


magnetic wave a long the carrier
beneath the piping system .
The liquid (upstream and
downstream) act as the carrier of
the electro-magnetic wave.
How Hydropath Technology work as : Scaling Inhibitor
WITHOUT HYDROPATH WITH : HYDROPATH
SCALE FORMING IONS SCALE FORMING IONS

Ca ++ Ca ++
Mg ++ Mg ++
CO3— CO3—
HCO3 – HCO3 –
SiO3 SiO3

Ca + 2 HCO3 ̶ → CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 Ca + 2 HCO3 ̶ → CaCO3 + H2O + CO2


Ca + SO4 → Ca SO4 Ca + SO4 → Ca SO4
Ca + SiO3 → Ca SiO3 Ca + SiO3 → Ca SiO3
Mg + SiO3 → MgSiO3 Mg + SiO3 → MgSiO3

1. Precipitation of the dissolved scale forming 1. Prematurely precipitation of the dissolved


ions from solution due to : scale forming ions from solution due to :
* the rise of temperature ; * the electromagnetic wave
* pressure changing ;

2. The precipitated ions then initiate a 2. The precipitated ions then initiate a
crystallization of which has a GOOD affinity crystallization of which has a LESS affinity to
to adhere to the surface of equipment ; adhere to the surface of equipment ;

3. Then deposit of hard scale occur. 3. Then deposit of hard scale is INHIBITED.
How Hydropath Technology work as : Scaling Remover

The oscillation of the electric field causes the existing hard scale
(attached onto the component surface ) become brittle ; hence will
easily get peeled off by a hydrodynamic force and then be transported
out of the system.
How Hydropath Technology work as : Corrosion Inhibitor
Corrosion phenomenon
1. Iron ions (Fe) at the surface of a component undergoes a number of
simple changes.
2. Medium to move in (water + oxygen)
2Fe + O2 + 2H2O → 2Fe(OH)2
Iron + Water with oxygen → Iron Hydroxide

How to Inhibit the Corrosion Phenomenon


(a) Coat the surface with a non-conducting medium such as with : paint,
lacquer or oil.
(b) Reduce the conductivity of the solution in contact with the metal.
(c) Apply cathodic protection.
(d) Apply corrosion inhibitor.
(e) De-aeration of water , De-aerating Heater, Oxygen Scavengers.

Hydropath Technology Device creates a CO-AXIAL MAGNETIC FIELD.


The oscillation of this CO-AXIAL MAGNETIC FIELD shall detain the Fe++
leaking out from the metal surface..; inhibit the electro-chemical
corrosion process to take place.

Hydropath Technology Device creates ELECTRIC FIELD.

The oscillation of this ELECTRIC FIELD shall convert 2Fe2O3 hydrated


iron oxide (brown rust) to IRON MAGNETIC THIN FILM coating the
component surface (acting as a barrier against water + oxygen)
Corrosion Reduction Test

Conducted by:
The Royal Scientific Society of Jordan

Venue:
Jordan Steel company

Goal:
Test effect of HydroFLOW on corrosion

Results:
• Over 65% corrosion reduction
• Significant Limescale reduction

Conclusion:
“Hydropath Technology can be
recommended as a replacement
of chemical corrosion protection”
How Hydropath Technology work as : BIOCIDE

Seawater Biofouling Phenomenon


1. Materials are exposed to water (seawater).
2. Strong corrosive nature of seawater.
3. Biological activity.

How to Inhibit the Biofouling Phenomenon


(a) Biocide as antifouling agent : chlorin, hydrgen peroxide, etc).
(b) Heat treatment.
(c) Prevention the entry of micro-organism (by means of screening)
(d) Ozone
(e) Osmosis Pressure

Hydropath Technology Device creates ELECTRIC FIELD.


Bacteria and other micro organism that passing through the water treated
by Hydropath become charged .
This charged micro organism form a hydration layer of pure water around
their own cell ; creating an osmotic pressure which ruptures the cell
membrane and causes the bacteria and micro organism to die.
The ELECTRIC FIELD travelling along the piping system causes the existing
algae / bio-fouling to die . And by means of a hydro-dynamic force the
dead algae and bio-fouling is transported out of the system..
* SCALING Inhibition.

Installation of Hydropath Technology * SCALING remover.


at * Corrosion Inhibition.
Steam Generated Power Plant Systems
* Mitigate bio-fouling.
Installation of Hydropath Technology : Steam Boiler The prematurely crystallization of the
scale forming ions due to
* Scaling Remover ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE has a LESS
•Scaling Inhibition affinity to adhere to the water tubes
•Corrosion Inhibition and the surface of the boiler water
drums. Then deposit of hard scale is
.
Next, the debris (accumulated of the
precipitated ions) is drain out of the
system by means of standardized BLOW
DOWN practices.

The oscillation of the ELECTRIC FIELD


causes the existing hard scale
(attached onto the component surface )
become brittle ; hence will easily get
peeled off by a hydrodynamic force
and can be easily transported out of
the system.

The oscillation of the ELECTRIC FIELD


shall convert 2Fe2O3 hydrated iron
oxide (brown rust) to iron magnetic
thin film coating the component
surface (acting as a barrier against
water + oxygen)
Installation of Hydropath Technology : at CONDENSER
•Mitigate Bio-fouling
•Scaling Inhibition / Scaling Remover
•Corrosion Inhibition
The oscillation of the electric field causes
the existing hard scale (attached onto
the component surface ) become brittle ;
hence will easily get peeled off by
hydrodynamic force and can be easily
transported out of the system.

The oscillation of the electric field shall


convert 2Fe2O3 hydrated iron oxide
(brown rust) to iron magnetic thin film
coating the component surface (acting as
a barrier against water + oxygen)

Bacteria / micro organism passing


through the electric field will get charged
and form a hydration layer of pure water
around the cell. Osmosis forces water
into the bacteria and/or algae, creating
osmotic pressure, which ruptures the cell
membrane and causes the cell to die.

The dead bacteria / algae shall detach


from the component‘s surface and can
be easily transported out of the system .
Installation of Hydropath Technology at Reverse Osmosis System
Main Benefit at Multimedia Filtration
• Enhanced filtration
• Inhibit bio-fouling
• Eradicate caking on filtration media
• Less interval of backwashing
• Easy and fast backwashing
• Corrosion inhibitor at pump section

Main Benefit at RO Machine


• Enhanced filtration (quantity & quality)
• Inhibit bio-fouling on membrane
• Less interval of backwashing
• Easy and fast backwashing
• Longer life-span of membrane
• Corrosion inhibitor at pump section
Installation of Hydropath Technology : Cooling Tower
•Mitigate Biofouling Scaling Inhibition
•Corrosion Inhibition
The electromagnetic wave induced by
HYDROPATH cause the bacteria and other
micro-organism flowing in the water get
charged and will form a hydration layer of
pure water around their own cell. An
osmotic pressure occurs which ruptures the
cell membrane and causes the bacteria and
micro organism to die. Next, by means of a
hydrodynamic force , the dead micro
organism and algae is transported out of
the system or be trapped by a strainer or
sand filtration.
Before treatment 3 months after treatment
with HYDROPATH
The oscillation of the electric field causes
the existing hard scale (attached onto the
component surface ) become brittle ; hence
will easily get peeled off by hydrodynamic
force and can be easily transported out of
the system.

The oscillation of the electric field shall


convert 2Fe2O3 hydrated iron oxide
(brown rust) to iron magnetic thin film
coating the component surface (acting as a
barrier against water + oxygen)
Installation of Hydropath Technology : Plated Heat Exchanger
* Scaling Remover The prematurely crystallization of the
•Scaling Inhibition hard scaling forming ions due to
•Corrosion Inhibition ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE has a LESS
affinity to adhere to the surface of the
plated HE. Then deposit of hard scale is
.
Next, the debris (accumulated of the
precipitated ions) can be trapped by
means of standardized filtration
(strainer) practices.

The oscillation of the ELECTRIC FIELD


causes the existing hard scale
(attached onto the component surface )
become brittle ; hence will easily get
peeled off by a hydrodynamic force
and can be easily transported out of
the system.

The oscillation of the ELECTRIC FIELD


shall convert 2Fe2O3 hydrated iron
oxide (brown rust) to iron magnetic
thin film coating the component
surface (acting as a barrier against
water + oxygen)
Installing HYDROPATH TECHNOLOGY

Heating System Cooling System


• Steam Boiler * Cooling Towers
• Gas Hot Water Heaters * Free Cooling Heat Exchangers
• Electric Hot Water Heaters * Ammonia Cooling System
• Hot Water Heat Exchanger * River / Sea Water Cooling Loops
* Water Cooled Air Compressor
* Water Cooled Chillers

Pump System Others


• Natural Gas Wells * Distribution pipes
• Oil Wells * Sprayer System
* Dairy / Drink Storage
* Reverse Osmosis Systems

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