HARVARD REFERENCING

Article : Periodical/Journal Dictionary

Article: Magazine Encyclopedia
Article: Newspaper Laws
Book: Single author Internet
Book: Multiple authors Interview
Book: Edition other than the first Telephone conversation
Course notes Thesis & Dissertations

Article: Periodical - journal has a volume number and an issue number

Author. Date. Title of article. Title of journal, volume of journal (number of issue):page reference, date of issue.

Harvard a) Kruger, J.P. 1988. Sexism in advertising. Communicare, 7(3):12-15,

March 11.

b) Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. 1993. The ADA and the hiring process in
organisations. Consulting psychology journal: practice and research,
45(2):10-36.
Notes  A journal article indicating journal title, volume (=7), issue number
(=3), page numbers (=12-15) and date (=March 11).
 NB. The title of the journal is italicised, NOT the title of the
article.
 Example b: In-text referencing: (Klimoski & Palmer, 1993:13)

Article: Magazine (magazine = popular literature)

Author. Date. Title of article. Title of journal, volume or number of issue: page reference.

Harvard Posner, M. I. 1993. Seeing the mind. Science, 262:673-674, Oct 29.
Notes In-text referencing: Posner (1993:A12)

Article: Newspaper - Author (name of reporter/author is known)

Author. Date. Title of article. Title of newspaper: page reference, Month and day.

Harvard Stewart, M.T. 1988. Should privatisation prosper? SAA in the year 1990.
The Argus: 3, May 17.
Notes  The Title of the newspaper in italics.
 The day of the month follows the page reference.
 The title of newspaper is followed by a colon, unless the volume
or issue number is known. Treat like a magazine or journal.

Book: Single author

Author. Date. Title: subtitle. Place: Publisher.

Harvard Chase, Jennifer A. 1979. Advertising: the hits and myths. New York:
Doubleday.
Notes  The subtitle: a colon after the title, space and then the subtitle.
 The subtitle starts with a lower case letter (...: the hits..)

Book: Multiple authors

Authors. Date. Title: subtitle. Place: Publisher.
 Harvard a) Henderson, R.S., Smith, P.G., Rossiter, I. & King, P.Q. 1987. The
tenets of moral philosophy. New York: Van Nostrand.

Note  The ampersand (&) before the last name

 NB. Your in-text reference would read: (Henderson et al.,
1987:64). However do not use "et al" in your bibliography.

Book: Edition other than the first

Authors. Date. Title: subtitle. Edition. Place: Publisher.

Harvard a) Brunner, H. 1972. Hieroglyphic writing: the Egyptian legacy. 3rd rev.
ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

b) Mitchell, T. R, & Larson, J. R. 1987. People in organizations: an

introduction to organizational behavior. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Notes  Subtitle: separated from the title with a colon.
 The first word of the subtitle starts with a lower case letter.
 The title ends with a full stop before the edition (3rd rev. ed.)
statement.

Course notes
Author. Date. Title: sub-title. Place: Name of Institution. [Indicate that these are course notes]

Harvard Roux, B. 2003. Reasons for Absenteeism. Cape Town: Cape Technikon.
[Course notes].

Dictionary
Title: subtitle. Edition. Date. Place: Publisher.

Harvard a) Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. 10th ed. 1993. Springfield,

MA.: Merriam-Webster.

b) Shorter Oxford dictionary. 9th ed. 1993. Oxford: Oxford University

Press.
Notes  The position of the date - it follows the title and the edition.
 Merriam-Webster is a publisher.

Encyclopaedia - Author indicated

Author. Date. Title article. Title of encyclopaedia, volume of encyclopaedia, page reference.

Harvard Lessing, B.P. 1985. Nuclear energy. McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of

science and technology, 12:127-129.
Notes NB. The title of the encyclopedia is in italics, NOT the title of the article.

Government Publications:
Laws
Name of country (jurisdiction). Date. Author. Date. Title of act. Place: Publisher. [Laws.]

Harvard South Africa. 1982. Atomic Energy Act, No 92 of 1982. Pretoria:

Government Printer. [Laws.]
Notes  The official name of the country is the entry element.
 Give the full name of the department.
 Title of the act is in italics

Internet
Author. Date (last updated). Title of website. [Online]. Available: URL /Internet address. [Date you accessed the site].

Harvard McKiernan, G. 1996. Project Aristotle(sm): automated caterogization of

Web resources. [Online]. Available:
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~CYBERSTACKS/Aristotle.htm [4
September 1996]
Notes  You have to provide the full URL in the bibliography.
 Access date is very important as information on the Internet
changes very rapidly.
 In-text example (McKiernan, 1996).

Interview
Name of person interviewed. Date. Description of interview with day, month and year. [format]

Harvard a) Smuts, Dene. 1987. Interview with the author on 4 August 1987. Cape
Town. [Cassette recording in possession of author]

b) Schaie, K.W. 1993. [Personal communication]. April 18.

Notes  Example a) You have interviewed Dene Smuts and have taped
the interview.
 Example b) You have had a personal conversation with K.W.
Schaie.

Telephone conversation

Harvard Schahie, K. W. (personal communication. April 18, 1993).

Notes  You had a conversation with K.W. Schahie.

Theses and dissertations
Author. Date. Title of article. Title: subtitle. Place: Academic institution. Degree. [format if other than print]

Harvard a) Potgieter, R.S. 1983. Die advertensiewese in Suid-Afrika: 'n kritiese

ondersoek. Pretoria: UNISA. (M Com-verhandeling). [Mikrofiche]

b) Almeida, D. M. 1990. Father's participation of family work:

consequences for father's stress and father-child relations. British
Columbia, Canada:University of Victoria. (MA-thesis.)
Notes  In example a) you used the microfiche copy of the thesis - the
format is given in square brackets at the end of the entry.
 Use the language of the publication - if the thesis is in Afrikaans,
give the bibliographic detail in Afrikaans; if it is in English, give the
bibliographic detail in English.
 Example b) is an example of a printed thesis.