Review Article

A Review of Distinct Aggregate Waste which

can be Utilized in Conjunction with Natural
Aggregates
Sandeep Kumar Chandel1, Kshipra Kapoor2
Abstract
21st Century construction industry is at its peak (including dismantling concrete structures) he uses of
waste materials (glass, plastic, slag, fly ash and so on) in concrete industrial is major due to its engineering,
economic, eco-friendly and green paybacks. Thus, consumption of waste materials in concrete construction
is very much useful to obtain the objective of the sustainability. The use of the waste in construction work
reducing the dumping and disposal issue of the waste. As the natural sources of untouched aggregates are
consuming with the time. The use of waste material will decrease the use of natural aggregates. As the
construction and demolition waste has great part in the total waste produced. These wastes can be recycled
and reused. The crushing of destructed concrete can be done at site thus decreasing transportation for
their disposal and transportation of natural resources. In present study, ceramic tile waste has been used
as construction waste. Tile waste is a major problem in large scale projects. Like other construction waste,
tile waste is also an issue of disposal in India. Moving further, with concept of smart city, it is mandatory
that nation find alternatives of waste materials instead of creating dump yards. A comparative study on
different aggregate waste and their techniques has been complied in this paper. Conclusion and future
scope of this technology has been outlined within finish of this paper.

Keywords: Aggregate waste, Concrete, Ceramic waste

Introduction
In present era, concrete production is at peak and large amount of cementitious material, natural aggregates (fine
and course) and water are being used. Aggregates impart about 70% to 75% of volume to concrete. In parallel to this
many research works are under progress to find suitable alternatives of raw materials of concrete. Utilization of waste
materials for example fly ash, plastic waste, construction waste is most common research areas. Tile waste is also a
best sustainable alternative for course aggregates in concrete. Construction industry is producing huge amount of
tile waste worldwide in small, medium and large projects. This broken tile wastes are deposited into environment as
liability without any profitable return. Plenty of money is being spent for its deposition and even land become useless
in most of the cases.

So, it is better to reuse this waste material in concrete as supplementary. Ceramic tile aggregates are hard having
significant value of specific gravity, rough surface on one side and smooth on other side, are lighter in weight than

1
MTech Scholar, 2Asst. Professor & Head CE Department(UIET Lalru), Department of Civil Engineering, Universal Institute of
Engineering and Technology Lalru Chandigarh.

Correspondence: Mr. Sandeep Kumar Chandel, Department of Civil Engineering, Universal Institute of Engineering and
Technology Lalru Chandigarh.

E-mail Id: schandel16@gmail.com

Orcid Id: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7074-2008

How to cite this article: Chandel SK, Kapoor K. A Review of Distinct Aggregate Waste which can be Utilized in Conjunction with
Natural Aggregates. J Adv Res Civil Env Eng 2017; 4(​3)​: 1-4.

E ISSN: 2393-8307 I P ISSN: 2394-7020

© ADR Journals 2017. All Rights Reserved.

Chandel SK et al.
normal aggregates.3-5 Consuming ceramic tile aggregate
in concrete not only will be cost effective, but also will be
good from environment point of view.
This study focuses on preparing concrete of acceptable
strength with crushed waste ceramic tile as aggregates
(course) and finding the optimum course aggregate mix
ratio to get this strength.
Literature Survey
Authors in depicted different mixes are adopted, waste
tiles are used to replace the coarse aggregate by 10% and
20% and tiles powder are also used to replace the fine
aggregates by 10% and 20%.1 Total 9 types of mixes of M25
grade are adopted. A study on workability and compressive
strength for 7 and 28 days of all 9 types of mixes has been
succeed and recorded that with rise the percentage of tiles
powder the strength and workability also increased of
concrete. Compressive strength is increased for all mixes
and maximum compressive strength is obtained the mix
having 10% of crushed tiles and 20% of tiles powder. The
best percentage of coarse aggregate that can be replaced
by crushed tiles with 10%.
In authors elaborate about reused ceramic fine aggregates,
obtained from crushed sanitary and crushed bricks ware on
the mechanical properties such as compressive, modulus of
elasticity, splitting tensile strength, and abrasion resistance
of concrete.2 Seven concrete mixes were used to test these
tough properties and six concrete mixes with replacement
ratios of the 20%, 50% and 100% of natural fine aggregates
by fine recycled brick aggregates or fine recycled sanitary
ware aggregates. Compressive and splitting tensile strength
do not appear to be affected by fine brick aggregates and
these properties significantly reduced with the fusion of
recycled fine sanitary ware aggregates.3
Medina, deliberate on consumption of ceramic waste as
recycled coarse aggregate.4 Crushed sanitary ware was used
in it and its shape curve of recycled ceramic aggregate was
similar to the natural coarse aggregate. Uneven shape of
aggregate was offered in the ceramic waste, resulted that
superior surface area and improved bonding was observed
in investigation.
Authors have outlined different industrial waste such as
glass waste aggregates, ceramic tile waste aggregates;
ceramic insulator waste aggregate with 100% replacement
was studied. It was found that the concrete made with
ceramic tile waste gives similar strength (split tensile,
Compression, flexural) as conventional concrete. On the
other hand, concrete with ceramic insulator and glass waste
give lesser strength than traditional concrete.5
In this study it was concluded that concrete with
ISSN: 2393-8307
J. Adv. Res. Civil Env. Eng. 2017; 4(​3)​
ceramic waste residue has a minor strength loss have
raised durability production because of its pozzolanic
belongings. As for replacement of coarse aggregate with
ceramic coarse aggregate, the outcomes are better but
underachieved somewhat in water absorption and in the
water permeability meaning that the replacement of sand
by the ceramic sand is a superior choice.6
Reddy V reported on impact value and crushing value
of ceramic scrap as 18.2 and 24.7% respectively.7 These
values were within the permissible limits according to IS
383-1970, hence it was safe to use as a coarse aggregate
in concrete composition.
In this author investigated the consumption of ceramic
combination, collected from ceramic industrial waste. Water
absorption of waste from 2 totally different sources was
15.81 and 18.91% severally. The upper water absorption of
ceramic aggregates influenced the work ability of concrete.
It had been determined that in initial two minutes, seventy
fifth of total absorption determined and when five min
a minimum of ninety-one of total absorption occurred.8
In this study, it absolutely was ended on use of comparable
ceramic tiles employed in the preparation of concrete
cubes.9 The surface of ceramic tile mixture was found as
angular formed and sleek; sharpen edges as compared
with ancient coarse mixture. blandish particles consumed
additional quantity of cement paste to create higher bury
facial transition zone.
Senthamarai in determined that ceramic tile scrap will be
with success used as aggregates in concrete production,
on the idea of strength of ceramic waste mixture.10 The
abrasion values, crushing worth, impact worth for ceramic
scrap were twenty-eight, twenty-one and twenty first
correspondingly and for natural coarse mixture twenty,
seventeen and pure gold severally. Ceramic waste doesn’t
have a lot of distinction with reference to the normal
natural aggregates.
In authors experimented on compressed stress, water
absorption and modulus of snap of concrete created with
ceramic mixture.11 Crushed ceramic blocks were used as
coarse mixture in concrete fabrication. Specific density
of mixture was 2630 to 2310 kg/m3 for zero to 100%
replacement. Up to the replacement of two hundredth,
Compression resistance and modulus of snap was equivalent
with typical concrete.
Discussion and Conclusion
After, reviewing distinct technique it is found that while
construction lots of construction materiel goes in vain. Apart
from waste, it increases the overall cost of the particular
construction.
2
J. Adv. Res. Civil Env. Eng. 2017; 4(​3)​ Chandel SK et al.

Table 1
No. Authors Characteristics of Technique Utilized
1 Medina C, Sanchez Waste tiles and powder are used to replace the coarse aggregate by 10% and 20%
9 types of mixes of M25 grade are adopted
Compressive strength for 7 and 28 days
The best percentage of coarse aggregate that can be replaced by crushed tiles with
10%
2 Fatima E, Jhamb A, Reused ceramic fine aggregates, obtained from crushed sanitary and crushed
Kumar R bricks
Six concrete mixes with replacement ratios of the 20%, 50% and 100% of natural
fine aggregates by fine recycled brick aggregates
Compressive and splitting tensile strength remains unaffected
3 Pacheco Torgal F, Consumption of ceramic waste as recycled coarse aggregate
Shahsavandi A, Jalali S Crushed sanitary ware was utilized
Superior surface area
Improved Bonding
4 Veera RM Different industrial waste
Glass waste aggregates
Ceramic tile waste aggregates
Ceramic insulator waste aggregate with 100% replacement.
Concrete with ceramic insulator and glass waste give lesser strength than
traditional concrete
Similar result with ceramic tile waste in comparison to old concrete
5 Fatima E, Jhamb A, Concrete with ceramic waste residue has a minor strength loss have risen
Kumar R durability production
6 Correia JR, de Brito J, Impact value and crushing value of ceramic scrap
Pereira AS
7 Fatima E, Jhamb A, Consumption of ceramic combination, collected from ceramic industrial waste
Kumar R Water absorption of waste
8 Senthamarai RM, Comparison ceramic tiles employed in the preparation of concrete cubes
Manhoharan PD, Angular formed and sleek ceramic tile mixture surface
Gobinath D
9. Senthamarai RM, Idea of strength of ceramic waste mixture
Manhoharan Abrasion values: 28
Crushing worth: 21
Impact worth for ceramic scrap: 21
10 Al Bakri M, Kamarudin Evaluated
H Compressed stress,
Water absorption
Modulus of snap of concrete created with ceramic mixture.
Crushed ceramic blocks were utilized.

It is very much essential and important to find solution for
construction waste and to find alternatives for natural raw
materials of construction. As population is increasing day
by day, demand of aggregates in concrete is also increasing.
Simultaneously, concrete waste production is increasing.
So, the best solution for both of the problems is to reuse
such waste in concrete production.
Future Study and Scope
• A design mix for different grades concrete with different
proportions of tile waste can prepared.
• To check the water absorption and wear & tear
properties of natural aggregates and ceramic tile waste
aggregates water absorption and abrasion test will be
conducted in our further research.
• Compressive and tensile strength of concrete need
to check on 3 days, 7days, 14 days and 28 days will
be performed. It will also indicate effect of curing on
strength of concrete.
• Comparisons of cost analysis will also be prepared for
virgin concrete and ceramic tile waste concrete would
be complied in the our near research.

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Chandel SK et al.
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