MATH 2004 Homework Solution Han-Bom Moon

Homework 7 Model Solution

Section 14.4.

14.4.5 Find an equation of the tangent plane to z = x sin(x + y) at (−1, 1, 0).

f (x, y) = x sin(x + y)
fx = sin(x + y) + x cos(x + y), fy = x cos(x + y)
f (−1, 1) = (−1) sin(−1 + 1) = 0,
fx (−1, 1) = sin(−1+1)+(−1) cos(−1+1) = −1, fy (−1, 1) = (−1) cos(−1+1) = −1
Tangent plane:

z = f (−1, 1) + fx (−1, 1)(x − (−1)) + fy (−1, 1)(y − 1)

z = −(x + 1) − (y − 1)
or
x+y+z =0

14.4.6 Find an equation of the tangent plane to z = ln(x − 2y) at (3, 1, 0).

f (x, y) = ln(x − 2y)

1 1 2
fx = , fy = · (−2) = −
x − 2y x − 2y x − 2y
f (3, 1) = ln(3 − 2 · 1) = ln 1 = 0
1 2
fx (3, 1) = = 1, fy (3, 1) = − = −2
3−2·1 3−2·1
Tangent plane:

z = f (3, 1) + fx (3, 1)(x − 3) + fy (3, 1)(y − 1)

z = (x − 3) − 2(y − 1)
or
x − 2y − z = 1

1
MATH 2004 Homework Solution Han-Bom Moon

14.4.11 Explain why f (x, y) = 1 + x ln(xy − 5) is differentiable at (2, 3). Then find the
linearization L(x, y) of the function at that point.

1 xy
fx = ln(xy − 5) + x · · y = ln(xy − 5) +
xy − 5 xy − 5
x x2
fy = ·x=
xy − 5 xy − 5
At (2, 3), note that the denominator xy − 5 of fractional parts is nonzero. So both
fx and fy are continuous because they are sums and compositions of continuous
functions. Therefore f (x, y) is differentiable at (2, 3).

f (2, 3) = 1 + 3 ln(2 · 3 − 5) = 1 + 3 ln 1 = 1
2·3 6
fx (2, 3) = ln(2 · 3 − 5) + = ln 1 + = 6
2·3−5 1
22
fy (2, 3) = =4
2·3−5
L(x, y) = f (2, 3) + fx (2, 3)(x − 2) + fy (2, 3)(y − 3) = 1 + 6(x − 2) + 4(y − 3)
p
14.4.21 Find the linear approximation of the function f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 at
p
(3, 2, 6) and use it to approximate the number (3.02)2 + (1.97)2 + (5.99)2 .

1
f (x, y, z) = (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2
1 1 x
fx = (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )− 2 · 2x = p
2 x2 + y 2 + z 2
Similarly,
y z
fy = p , fz = p .
x2 + y 2 + z 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2
p √
f (3, 2, 6) = 32 + 22 + 62 = 49 = 7
3 3
fx (3, 2, 6) = √ =
32 2
+2 +6 2 7
2 2
fy (3, 2, 6) = √ =
2
3 +2 +62 2 7
6 6
fz (3, 2, 6) = √ =
32 + 2 2 + 6 2 7

L(x, y, z) = f (3, 2, 6) + fx (3, 2, 6)(x − 3) + fy (3, 2, 6)(y − 2) + fz (3, 2, 6)(z − 6)

3 2 6
= 7 + (x − 3) + (y − 2) + (z − 6)
7 7 7
p
Approximation of (3.02)2 + (1.97)2 + (5.99)2 = f (3.02, 1.97, 5.99) is
3 2 6
L(3.02, 1.97, 5.99) = 7 + (3.02 − 3) + (1.97 − 2) + (5.99 − 6)
7 7 7
0.06 −0.06 −0.06 0.06
= 7+ + + =7− ; 6.99142857
7 7 7 7

2
MATH 2004 Homework Solution Han-Bom Moon

14.4.29 Find the differential of R = αβ 2 cos γ.

∂R
= β 2 cos γ
∂α
∂R
= 2αβ cos γ
∂β
∂R
= −αβ 2 sin γ
∂γ

∂R ∂R ∂R
dR = dα + dβ + dγ
∂α ∂β ∂γ
= β 2 cos γ dα + 2αβ cos γ dβ − αβ 2 sin γ dγ

14.4.32 If z = x2 − xy + 3y 2 and (x, y) changes from (3, −1) to (2.96, −0.95), compare
the values of ∆z and dz.

∆z = (2.96)2 − (2.96)(−0.95) + 3(−0.95)2 − 32 − 3(−1) + 3(−1)2 = −0.7189

∂z ∂z
= 2x − y, = −x + 6y
∂x ∂y
dz = (2x − y) dx + (−x + 6y) dy
x = 3, y = −1, dx = 2.96 − 3 = −0.04, dy = −0.95 − (−1) = 0.05
dz = (2 · 3 − (−1))(−0.04) + (−3 + 6 · (−1))(0.05) = −0.73

14.4.33 The length and width of a rectangle are measured ad 30 cm and 24 cm, respec-
tively, with an error in measurement of at most 0.1 cm in each. Use differentials
to estimate the maximum error in the calculated area of the rectangle.
Length = l, width = w ⇒ area = A = wl

dA = w dl + l dw

l = 30, w = 24, |dl| ≤ 0.1, |dw| ≤ 0.1

|dA| = |w dl + l dw| ≤ w|dl| + l|dw| ≤ 30 · 0.1 + 24 · 0.1 = 5.4
Approximation of the maximum error = 5.4 cm2

14.4.41 A model for the surface area of a human body is given by S = 0.1091w0.425 h0.725 ,
where w is the weight (in pounds), h is the height (in inches), and S is measured
in square feet. If the errors in measurement of w and h are at most 2%, use differ-
entials to estimate the maximum percentage error in the calculated surface area.

∂S ∂S
dS = dw + dh
∂w ∂h
= (0.1091)(0.425)w−0.575 h0.725 dw + (0.1091)(0.725)w0.425 h−0.275 dh
= 0.0463675w−0.575 h0.725 dw + 0.0790975w0.425 h−0.275 dh

3
MATH 2004 Homework Solution Han-Bom Moon

|dw| ≤ 0.02w, |dh| ≤ 0.02h

|dS| = |0.0463675w−0.575 h0.725 dw + 0.0790975w0.425 h−0.275 dh|

≤ 0.0463675w−0.575 h0.725 0.02w + 0.0790975w0.425 h−0.275 0.02h
= 0.0025093w0.425 h0.725
|dS| 0.0025093w0.425 h0.725
= = 0.023
S 0.1091w0.425 h0.725
Therefore the approximation of the maximum percentage error in the calculated
surface area is 2.3%.