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14.2.6 Find the limit, if it exists, or show that the limit does not exist.
14.2.8 Find the limit, if it exists, or show that the limit does not exist.
1 + y2
lim ln
(x,y)→(1,0) x2 + xy
ln t is a continuous function.
1 + y2 1 + 02
lim ln = ln = ln 1 = 0
(x,y)→(1,0) x2 + xy 12 + 1 · 0
14.2.9 Find the limit, if it exists, or show that the limit does not exist.
x4 − 4y 2
lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + 2y 2
x4 − 4y 2 x4
lim 2 2
= lim 2
= lim x2 = 0
(x,y)→(0,0) x + 2y x→0 x x→0
x4 − 4y 2 −4y 2
lim = lim = lim −2 = −2
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + 2y 2 y→0 2y 2 y→0
14.2.13 Find the limit, if it exists, or show that the limit does not exist.
xy
lim p
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2
1
MATH 2004 Homework Solution Han-Bom Moon
14.2.20 Find the limit, if it exists, or show that the limit does not exist.
xy + yz
lim
(x,y,z)→(0,0,0) x2 + y2 + z2
xy + yz 0
lim = lim = lim 0 = 0
(x,y,z)→(0,0,0) x2 + y 2 + z 2 x→0 x2 x→0
xy + yz x2 + x2 2x2 2 2
lim 2 2 2
= lim 2 2 2
= lim 2
= lim =
(x,y,z)→(0,0,0) x + y + z x→0 x + x + x x→0 3x x→0 3 3
14.2.39 Use polar coordinates to find the limit. [If (r, θ) are polar coordinates of the
point (x, y) with r ≥ 0, note that r → 0 as (x, y) → (0, 0).]
x3 + y 3
lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2
x3 + y 3 r3 cos3 θ + r3 sin3 θ
lim 2 2
= lim 2
= lim r(cos3 θ + sin3 θ) = 0
(x,y)→(0,0) x + y r→0 r r→0
14.3.11 If f (x, y) = 16 − 4x2 − y 2 , find fx (1, 2) and fy (1, 2) and interpret these numbers
as slopes. Illustrate with either hand-drawn sketches or computer plots.
fx = −8x, fy = −2y
fx (1, 2) = −8, fy (1, 2) = −4
2
MATH 2004 Homework Solution Han-Bom Moon
fx (1, 2) = −8 is the slope of the tangent line which is the intersection of the tan-
gent plane at (1, 2, f (1, 2)) and a vertical plane containing x-axis. On the figure
above, it is red line.
fy (1, 2) = −4 is the slope of blue tangent line which is the intersection of the
tangent plane at (1, 2, f (1, 2)) and a vertical plane containing y-axis.
fx = 4x3 y 3 + 16xy
fy = 3x4 y 2 + 8x2
fx = sin(y − z)
fy = x cos(y − z)
fz = x cos(y − z) · (−1) = −x cos(y − z)
y
14.3.43 Find fy (2, 1, −1) of f (x, y, z) = .
x+y+z
1 · (x + y + z) − y · 1 x+z
fy = 2
=
(x + y + z) (x + y + z)2
2 + (−1) 1
fy (2, 1, −1) = 2
=
(2 + 1 + (−1)) 4
3
MATH 2004 Homework Solution Han-Bom Moon
∂z ∂z
14.3.48 Use implicit differentiation to find and of x2 − y 2 + z 2 − 2z = 4.
∂x ∂y
∂ ∂
x2 − y 2 + z 2 − 2z =
4
∂x ∂x
∂z ∂z
2x + 0 + 2z −2 =0
∂x ∂x
∂z
(2z − 2) = −2x
∂x
∂z −2x x
= =−
∂x 2z − 2 z−1
∂ ∂
x2 − y 2 + z 2 − 2z =
4
∂y ∂y
∂z ∂z
0 − 2y + 2z −2 =0
∂y ∂y
∂z
(2z − 2) = 2y
∂y
∂z 2y y
= =
∂y 2z − 2 z−1
fx = 3x2 y 5 + 8x3 y
fy = 5x3 y 4 + 2x4
fxx = 6xy 5 + 24x2 y
fxy = 15x2 y 4 + 8x3
fyx = fxy = 15x2 y 4 + 8x3
fyy = 20x3 y 3