basic switching concepts

Switch
******
Provides centralized location to connect devices with in the LAN.

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Basic LAN Setup

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• connect 4 computers in the LAN using Switch
• configure IP Addressing on all PC using 192.1680.1/24 network.
• Check connectivity between all the PC using Ping command

HUB SWITCH

1. it has no intelligence. 1. It is An intelligent device & maintains a MAC

Address table.

2. it always do broadcasts 2. it uses broadcast and unicast

3. it works with 0’s and 1’s 3. it works with Physical address (MAC address)
(bits)
4. it has 1 broadcast 4. it has 1 broadcast Domain by default
Domain
5. it has 1 collision 5. Number of collision domains depends upon the
Domain. number of ports
6. it work with shared 6. it works with fixed bandwidth
bandwidth

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ARP Process
*************
Switch identify devices based on Mac-address

Source - 192.168.1.1 Source – MAC = AB ARP Request

Destination – 192.168.1.4 Destination – MAC = ? 192.168.1.4 MAC = ?

Switch identify devices based on Mac-address

Source - 192.168.1.1 Source – MAC = AB ARP Request

Destination – 192.168.1.4 Destination – MAC = ? 192.168.1.4 MAC = 2C

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ARP verification
*************

PC1> ping 192.168.1.2

84 bytes from 192.168.1.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.079 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.141 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.133 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.148 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.175 ms

PC1> ping 192.168.1.3

84 bytes from 192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.135 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.209 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.162 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.218 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.3 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.124 ms

PC1> ping 192.168.1.4

84 bytes from 192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.085 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.160 ms

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84 bytes from 192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.138 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.169 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.160 ms

PC1> arp

Physical address internet address

00:50:79:66:68:01 192.168.1.2 expires in 85 seconds
00:50:79:66:68:02 192.168.1.3 expires in 99 seconds
00:50:79:66:68:03 192.168.1.4 expires in 112 seconds

How switch learn MAC-Address

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Source – 192.168.1.1 – AB Source – AB ---- f0/1

Destination – 192.168.1.4 - 2C Destination – 2C ----?

MAC-table Entries
port MAC
f0/1 AB

Source – 2C – f0/4 F0/1 AB

Destination – AB – f0/1 F0/4 2C

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MAC-Address table verification

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SW1#show mac-address-table
Destination Address Address Type VLAN Destination Port
------------------- ------------ ---- --------------------
c401.1c17.0000 Self 1 Vlan1
0050.7966.6800 Dynamic 1 FastEthernet0/1
0050.7966.6803 Dynamic 1 FastEthernet0/4
0050.7966.6802 Dynamic 1 FastEthernet0/3

Switch basic functions

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• if destination address present in Mac-table – switch do unicast
• if destination address not present in mac-table – switch do broadcast
(flooding)
• switches update the Mac-table based on source address.
• Max-age time for mac-entries in 300 seconds of inactivity.

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Broadcast Domain
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set of all devices that receive broadcast frames
originating from any device within the set

CSMA/CD
***********
• Carrier sense Multiple access / Collision detection
• protocol for carrier transmission access in ethernet networks
• collision are identified using CSMA/CD
• CSMA/CD work in wired LAN
• CSMA/CD work in wireless LAN

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Collision Domain
****************
A collisoin domain is a network segment with two or more devices sharing the
same bandwidth. (Where there is a chance of collisoin)

Hubs
• Share bandwidth

• one collision domain

Switches

• Dedicated domain

• collision domain depends on number of port

Type of switches

Unmanageable switches

• Plug and play (connect & use)

• No configurations and verifications can be done

• There is no console port.

Manageable Switches

• Also plug and play (connect & use)

• It has console port and CLI access

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• We can verity and modify configuration and can implement and test some
advance

• switching technologies (vlan,trunking,STP)

Cisco Hierarchical design model

Access Layer

1900& 2900 (L2 switches)

cisco catalyst 1900 SW

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cisco catalyst 2960 SW

Distributions Layer
3550,3560,3750 (L3 switches or multi-layer switches)

Cisco catalyst 3550

Cisco catalyst 3650

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Cisco catalyst 3750

Core layer

4500,6500(L3 switches or multi-layer switches)

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Initial configuration on a switch

Console cable

Setup console port

Assigning telnet password

Switch(config)#line vty 0 4
Switch(config-line)#password <password>
Switch(config-line)#login
Switch(config-line)#exit

Assigning console password

Switch(config)#line con 0 4

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Switch(config-line)#password <password>
Switch(config-line)#login
Switch(config-line)#exit

Assigning Auxiliary password

Switch(config)#line aux 0 4
Switch(config-line)#password <password>
Switch(config-line)#login
Switch(config-line)#exit

Initial configuration switches for telnet access

switches can be configured with IP address for remote access

To create hostname and password

switch>enable
switch#configure terminal
switch(config)#enable password cisco
switch(config)#Host name SW1
SW1#

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To create Management Vlan for GNS 3 and eve-ng

SW1#vlan database
SW1(vlan)#vlan 10
SW1(vlan)#vlan 10 name Mgt
VLAN 10 modified:
Name: Mgt
SW1(vlan)#exit
APPLY completed.
Exiting....
SW1#

To create Management Vlan for packettracer 7.0

SW1(config)#vlan 10
SW1(config-vlan)name Mgt

To assign IP to a Switch
SW1#configure terminal
SW1(config)#interface Vlan 10
SW1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
SW1(config-if)#no shutdown
SW1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:04:39.247: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:04:40.247: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface
Vlan1, changed state to up
SW1(config-if)#

To assign Default Gateway to a switch

SW1(config-if)#exit
SW1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.100
SW1(config)#

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To assign interface fastethernet 0/1 to a vlan 10

SW1(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/1
SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
SW1(config-if)#

Ping test from PC1

PC1> ping 192.168.1.254
192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=1 timeout
84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=10.606 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=5.149 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=5.959 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=4.463 ms

verify Telnet Access on Switch

SW1(config)#line vty 0 4
SW1(config-line)#password cisco
SW1(config-line)#login
SW1(config-line)#exit
SW1(config)#

C:\>telnet 192.168.1.254

Trying 192.168.1.254 ...Open

User Access Verification
Password : *****
Switch>exit

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