Piroxicam

Piroxicam is used primarily for the treatment of rheumatoid diseases: piroxicam reduces pain,
joint swelling and morning stiffness, and improves the functionality of the joints
during chronic polyarthritis. As with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, an
influence on the development of the disease has not been demonstrated (only symptomatic
effect). Pain is relieved in arthroses and joint mobility is improved. Whether this is
advantageous for the affected joints in the long run, is not quite clear. Piroxicam has been
compared to other anti-inflammatory agents (e.g. diclofenac, indomethacin, naproxen) in
numerous controlled studies and proved to be equal and sometimes even more efficacious.

It can also be used for other rheumatoid diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, (Bechterew's
disease), acute gout, low back pain and soft tissue rheumatism (e.g. periarthropathy of the
shoulder). It is thus sometimes advantageous that the drug is also available for intramuscular
injection.

Piroxicam is also efficient for pain that is not related to the musculoskeletal system, e.g.
dysmenorrhea or postoperative pain.

Uses

Piroxicam is used to reduce pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. Reducing these
symptoms helps you do more of your normal daily activities. This medication is known as a
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of
certain natural substances that cause inflammation.

If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug
treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.

How to use Piroxicam

Read the Medication Guide provided by your pharmacist before you start using piroxicam and
each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually once daily with a full glass of
water (8 ounces/240 milliliters). Do not lie down for at least 10 minutes after taking this drug. To
prevent stomach upset, take this medication with food, milk, or an antacid.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. To reduce your risk
of stomach bleeding and other side effects, take this medication at the lowest effective dose for
the shortest possible time. Do not increase your dose, take it more often, or take it for a longer
time than prescribed.

If you are taking this drug "as needed" (not on a regular schedule), remember that
pain medications work best if they are used as the first signs of pain occur. If you wait until the
pain has worsened, the medication may not work as well.
It may take several weeks of taking this drug regularly until you get the full benefit. Tell your
doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side
effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the
products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it
with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines
without your doctor's approval.

Products that may interact with this drug include: aliskiren, ACE inhibitors (such
as captopril, lisinopril), angiotensin II receptor blockers (such as losartan, valsartan), cidofovir,
corticosteroids (such as prednisone), lithium, "water pills" (diuretics such as furosemide).

This medication may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with other drugs that also may
cause bleeding. Examples include anti-platelet drugs such as clopidogrel, "blood thinners" such
as dabigatran/enoxaparin/warfarin, among others.

Check all prescription and nonprescription medicine labels carefully since many medications
contain pain relievers/fever reducers (aspirin, NSAIDs such as celecoxib, ibuprofen, or ketorolac).
These drugs are similar to piroxicam and may increase your risk of side effects if taken together.
However, if your doctor has directed you to take low-dose aspirin to prevent heart
attack or stroke (usually at dosages of 81-325 milligrams a day), you should continue taking the
aspirin unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more
details.

https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-10942/piroxicam-oral/details
Meloxicam
Uses

Meloxicam is used to treat arthritis. It reduces pain, swelling, and stiffness of the joints.
Meloxicam is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug
treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.

How to use Meloxicam

Read the Medication Guide provided by your pharmacist before you start taking meloxicamand
each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually once daily. Drink a full glass of
water (8 ounces/240 milliliters) with it unless your doctor tells you otherwise. Do not lie down for
at least 10 minutes after taking this drug.

If you are taking the liquid form of this medication, shake the bottle gently before each dose.
Carefully measure the dose using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household
spoon because you may not get the correct dose.

If stomach upset occurs while taking this medication, take it with food, milk, or an antacid. The
dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. The lowest effective
dosage should always be used, and only for the prescribed length of time. Do not take more of
this medication than prescribed because higher doses increase the chance
of stomach ulcers/bleeding.

The capsule form of meloxicam delivers different amounts of medication than the tablet and
solution forms. Do not switch between the capsule and other forms of meloxicam without your
doctor's permission and directions.

It may take up to two weeks before you get the full benefit of this drug. Use this medication
regularly to get the most benefit from it. Remember to use it at the same time each day.

Tell your doctor if your condition worsens.

Side Effects

See also Warning section.

Stomach upset, nausea, dizziness, or diarrheamay occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen,
tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that
the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do
not have serious side effects.

This medication may raise your blood pressure. Check your blood pressure regularly and tell your
doctor if the results are high.

Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: easy bruising/bleeding,
persistent/severe headache, mental/mood changes, signs of kidneyproblems (such as change in
the amount of urine), unexplained stiff neck, symptoms of heart failure (such as
swelling ankles/feet, unusual tiredness, unusual/sudden weight gain).

This drug may rarely cause serious (possibly fatal) liver disease. Get medical help right away if you
have any symptoms of liver damage, including: dark urine, persistent nausea/vomiting/loss of
appetite, stomach/abdominal pain, yellowing eyes/skin.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you
notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of
the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above,
contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US -

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-
800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to
Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side
effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the
products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it
with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines
without your doctor's approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: aliskiren, ACE inhibitors (such
as captopril, lisinopril), angiotensin II receptor blockers (such
as losartan, valsartan), cidofovir, lithium, methotrexate (high-dose treatment), "water pills"
(diuretics such as furosemide).
This medication may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with other drugs that also may
cause bleeding. Examples include anti-platelet drugs such as clopidogrel, "blood thinners" such
as dabigatran/enoxaparin/warfarin, among others.

If you are using the liquid form of meloxicam, tell your doctor if you are also using sodium
polystyrene sulfonate.

Check all prescription and nonprescription medicine labels carefully since many medications
contain pain relievers/fever reducers (aspirin, NSAIDs such as celecoxib, ibuprofen, or ketorolac).
These drugs are similar to meloxicam and may increase your risk of side effects if taken together.
However, if your doctor has directed you to take low-dose aspirin to prevent heart
attack or stroke (usually at dosages of 81-325 milligrams a day), you should continue taking the
aspirin unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more
details.
Ibuprofen
In genera, ibuprofen is suited for the treatment of pain, in particular of pain related to the
musculoskeletal system, but also headaches, postoperative pain, dysmenorrhea, etc. It also
has antipyretic action. Pain accompanying arthrosis can be reduced and the mobility of the
joints can be increased. In the case of chronic rheumatoid arthritis,ibuprofen reduces pain,
joint swelling and morning stiffness, and it improves the functionality of the joints. Ibuprofen
has been used successfully for other rheumatoid diseases such as spondylitis ankylosans
(Bechterew disease), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and acute gout seizures. However,
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents only have a symptomatic effect on joint diseases. The
development of the disease is not significantly influenced; there are even indications that a
long-term treatment may have an unfavourable influence.

For soft tissue rheumatism (e.g. periarthropathy of the shoulder) nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory agents can be of use; however, it has not been demonstrated whether they
represent advantages in comparison with other methods of treatment.

In average, ibuprofen has proven equally as efficient as other anti-inflammatory drugs in all
areas of application (e.g. diclofenac, indomethacin, naproxen).

Uses

Ibuprofen is used to relieve pain from various conditions such as headache, dental
pain, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, or arthritis. It is also used to reduce fever and to relieve
minor aches and pain due to the common cold or flu. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural
substances that cause inflammation. This effect helps to decrease swelling, pain, or fever.

If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug
treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.

Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer
may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar names may contain different
ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.

How to use Ibuprofen

If you are taking the over-the-counter product, read all directions on the product package before
taking this medication. If your doctor has prescribed this medication, read the Medication Guide
provided by your pharmacist before you start taking ibuprofen and each time you get a refill. If
you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Take this medication by mouth, usually every 4 to 6 hours with a full glass of water (8 ounces/240
milliliters) unless your doctor directs you otherwise. Do not lie down for at least 10 minutes after
taking this drug. If you have stomach upset while taking this medication, take it with food, milk,
or an antacid.
The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. To reduce your risk
of stomach bleeding and other side effects, take this medication at the lowest effective dose for
the shortest possible time. Do not increase your dose or take this drug more often than directed
by your doctor or the package label. For ongoing conditions such as arthritis, continue taking this
medication as directed by your doctor.

When ibuprofen is used by children, the dose is based on the child's weight. Read the package
directions to find the proper dose for your child's weight. Consult the pharmacist or doctor if you
have questions or if you need help choosing a nonprescription product.

For certain conditions (such as arthritis), it may take up to two weeks of taking this drug regularly
until you get the full benefit.

If you are taking this drug "as needed" (not on a regular schedule), remember that
pain medications work best if they are used as the first signs of pain occur. If you wait until the
pain has worsened, the medication may not work as well.

If your condition persists or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, get
medical help right away. If you are using the nonprescription product to treat yourself or a child
for fever or pain, consult the doctor right away if fever worsens or lasts more than 3 days, or if
pain worsens or lasts more than 10 days.

Side Effects

See also Warning section.

Upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness, or drowsiness

may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

If your doctor has prescribed this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the
benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not
have serious side effects.

This medication may raise your blood pressure. Check your blood pressure regularly and tell your
doctor if the results are high.

Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: easy bruising/bleeding,
hearing changes (such as ringing in the ears), mental/mood changes, unexplained stiff neck, signs
of kidney problems (such as change in the amount of urine), visionchanges, symptoms of heart
failure (such as swelling ankles/feet, unusual tiredness, unusual/sudden weight gain).

This drug may rarely cause serious (possibly fatal) liver disease. Get medical help right away if you
have any symptoms of liver damage, including: dark urine, persistent nausea/vomiting/loss of
appetite, stomach/abdominal pain, yellowing eyes/skin.
A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you
notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of
the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above,
contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US -

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-
800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to
Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side
effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the
products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it
with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines
without your doctor's approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: aliskiren, ACE inhibitors (such
as captopril, lisinopril), angiotensin II receptor blockers (such as losartan, valsartan), cidofovir,
corticosteroids (such as prednisone), lithium, "water pills" (diuretics such as furosemide).

This medication may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with other drugs that also may
cause bleeding. Examples include anti-platelet drugs such as clopidogrel, "blood thinners" such
as dabigatran/enoxaparin/warfarin, among others.

Check all prescription and nonprescription medicine labels carefully since many medications
contain pain relievers/fever reducers (including aspirin, NSAIDs such as celecoxib, ketorolac,
or naproxen). These drugs are similar to ibuprofen and may increase your risk of side effects if
taken together. However, if your doctor has directed you to take low-dose aspirin for heart
attack or stroke prevention(usually at dosages of 81-325 milligrams a day), you should continue
taking the aspirin unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Daily use of ibuprofen may decrease
aspirin's ability to prevent heart attack/stroke. Talk to your doctor about using a different
medication (such as acetaminophen) to treat pain/fever. If you must take ibuprofen, talk to your
doctor about possibly taking immediate-release aspirin (not enteric-coated/EC) while taking
ibuprofen. Take ibuprofen at least 8 hours before or at least 30 minutes after your aspirin dose.
Do not increase your daily dose of aspirin or change the way you take aspirin/other medications
without your doctor's approval.
Mefenamic Acid:
Indications

The analgesic efficacy of mefenamic acid is documented for inflammatory and non-
inflammatory pain. Its use for acute pain is well known: pain after dental interventions or
after traumas are significantly reduced with mefenamic acid. Mefenamic acid is one of the
drugs of choice for dysmenorrhea (alongside with fenamaten, ibuprofen and naproxen). The
drug can also help reduce blood loss caused by meno/metrorrhagias and it can reduce pain
caused by premenstrual syndrome. Whether mefenamic acid should be used for other acute
pain or fever is controversial as there are other better tolerated analgesics (e.g. paracetamol).

The efficacy of mefenamic acid against chronic rheumatic pain (arthrosis, polyarthritis) has
also been demonstrated. However, the drug is not as thoroughly researched for these
indications as many other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Because of its relatively
short half-life, the drug must be taken three times daily which can cause problems with
chronic ailments. Most likely with respect to its adverse reactions, the recommendation in
the USA is to not use mefenamic acid for longer than a week.

Mefenamic acid is used for the short-term treatment of mild to moderate pain from various
conditions. It is also used to decrease pain and blood loss from menstrual periods.

Mefenamic acid is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

How to use Mefenamic Acid

Read the Medication Guide provided by your pharmacist before you start using mefenamic
acid and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Take this medication by mouth, usually 4 times a day with a full glass of water (8 ounces or 240
milliliters) or as directed by your doctor. Do not lie down for at least 10 minutes after taking this
drug. If stomach upset occurs, take this medication with food or milk. Do not take mefenamic acid
with antacids unless directed by your doctor. Certain antacids may change the amount of
mefenamic acid absorbed by the body.

Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. To reduce your risk
of stomach bleeding and other side effects, take this medication at the lowest effective dose for
the shortest possible time. Do not increase your dose, take it more frequently, or take it for a
longer time than prescribed. This medication usually should not be taken for more than 7 days at
a time.

If you are taking this drug on an "as needed" basis (not on a regular schedule), remember that
pain medications work best if they are used as the first signs of pain occur. If you wait until the
symptoms have worsened, the medicine may not work as well.

If you are using this medication for painful periods, take your first dose as soon as your period
starts or pain begins. Usually, you will only need to take it for the first 2 to 3 days of your period.
Inform your doctor if your pain persists or worsens or if you develop new symptoms.

Side Effects

See also Warning section.

Upset stomach, nausea, heartburn, dizziness, drowsiness, diarrhea, and headache may occur. If
any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that
the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do
not have serious side effects.

This medication may raise your blood pressure. Check your blood pressure regularly and tell your
doctor if the results are high.

Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: fainting,
persistent/severe headache, hearing changes (e.g., ringing in the ears), fast/pounding heartbeat,
mental/mood changes, stomach pain, difficult/painful swallowing, visionchanges, symptoms of
heart failure (such as swelling ankles/feet, unusual tiredness, unusual/sudden weight gain).

Stop taking mefenamic acid and tell your doctor right away if any of these rare but very serious
side effects occur: easy bruising/bleeding, signs of infection (e.g., fever, persistent sore throat),
unexplained stiff neck, change in the amount/color of urine.

This drug may rarely cause serious, possibly fatal liver disease. If you notice any of the following
rare but very seriousside effects, stop taking mefenamic acid and consult your doctor or
pharmacist right away: persistent nausea/vomiting, severe stomach/abdominal pain, weakness,
dark urine, yellowing eyes/skin.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you
notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of
the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above,
contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US -

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-
800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to
Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side
effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the
products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it
with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines
without your doctor's approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: aliskiren, ACE inhibitors (such
as captopril, lisinopril), angiotensin II receptor blockers (such as valsartan, losartan), cidofovir,
corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone), fluconazole, ketorolac, lithium, methotrexate, "water pills"
(diuretics such as furosemide).

This medication may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with other drugs that also may
cause bleeding. Examples include anti-platelet drugs such as clopidogrel, "blood thinners" such
as dabigatran/enoxaparin/warfarin, among others.

Check all prescription and nonprescription medicine labels carefully since many medications
contain pain relievers/fever reducers (aspirin, NSAIDs such as celecoxib or ibuprofen). These
drugs are similar to mefenamic acid and may increase your risk of side effects if taken together.
However, if your doctor has directed you to take low-dose aspirinto prevent heart
attack or stroke (usually at dosages of 81-325 milligrams a day), you should continue taking the
aspirin unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more
details.

This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (e.g., urine bile test), possibly causing
false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.