Smart Health Care System Using Internet of things

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 SMART HEALTH CARE

As the world develops with captivating advancements, it unfavorably influences the life
of each person in the distance going from the way we take birth to the day we kick the
bucket. One of the primary territories that are affected due to the progression of innovation
drift is the social insurance offices and its administration, to have a superior world with
profitable and solid individuals to build up the country.

On the off chance that you take a gander at the present situation, despite the fact that
there is headway in the advances and offices, it can be watched that, there is an extremely fast
decrease in well-being conditions because of the bustling way of life and pushed condition.
As the sound populace is the back conceived of creating countries and larger part lives in
provincial zones, it is important to enhance the well-being states of the general population
around there, by making them mindful about the most recent patterns that are flying in our
own particular air known as Internet of Things (IOT) which is seldom known by the everyday
citizens.

On this rationale, we have viewed how IOT change medicinal services framework in an
exceptionally tremendous manner to enhance each single breath of the eyes which recently
gets opened to see the world to encounter diverse stages of life. To advance up the rustic
zones with high class offices, it is important to know the present status of the town and
additionally the foundation of the person who are living with exceptionally poor and
insufficient offices. As an initial step to comprehend the circumstance better, it is important
to complete a nitty gritty examination between the human services framework accessible in
rustic and urban zones.

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1.2 IOT

The world is rotating with an unspoiled up-coming innovation known as IOT which has
a primary plan to gather information from different sources with high exactness and
furthermore to lessen the cost. The Internet of Things can be characterized as the system of
physical articles installed with hardware, programming, sensors and system availability.

It empowers gathering and trade of information which is at that point broke down
legitimately. This procedure is done naturally utilizing propelled sensors. Generally
everything around and inside the climate is thought to be a protest, in perspective of IOT.
Each question is well thoroughly considered to be a shrewd question that is interconnected
with each other utilizing virtual worlds. Every one of these items are associated specifically
to a system to catch the information and this information are shared to secure layers which
are associated in the cloud utilizing headquarters and control sensors. The gadgets are for the
most part interconnected straightforwardly to information in view of two fundamental
reasons:

1. Because of the utilization of propel sensors and high network made considerably less
demanding in gathering, recording what's more, breaking down the information which was
not done previously. Consider the Hospital Management System as a case. Here the
specialists and patients can be interrelated together with the guide of IOT. The sensors
utilized can spot out the phase of the patient's wellbeing and it could be made known to the
specialist through certain IOT changes. This perceives patient’s current circumstances,
varieties in various parameters, about different treatments that will be done and so forth
and is an extremely compelling strategy amid the evening time and furthermore if there
should arise an occurrence of crisis circumstances.

2. The ability of the gadgets to make the information naturally, evacuates the
confinement of information that are entered by people. These components help in
lessening the blunders and give the correct points of interest that are in requirement
for the examination. It likewise forestalls human made blunders which can lead the
life to death despite the fact that it might be exceptionally minute oversight because
of lack of regard and ignorance. IOT likewise interconnects with overall systems to
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assemble data all inclusive. The different day by day life issues, for example, the
ascent in circulatory strain, wheezing, heart failure, rise or fall in the glucose level, RBC
or WBC tally can be checked through this innovation headway. Despite the fact that, the
Doctor isn't close to the tolerant, he can get these points of interest by means of IOT
changes utilizing different sensors which are associated with the arrange gadgets. On getting
these particulars about the patient’s wellbeing, specialists can even begin treatment and
recommend medication remotely.

Fig.1 IoT in healthcare system

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CHAPTER 2

RELATED WORK

In the majority of the creating nation like India, the circumstance of individuals living
in rustic zones are extremely disgraceful where they are totally adjusted to the universe of
poor living foundation without having normal comforts, for example, natural air,
unadulterated water and better home. Living with such a foundation and having a sound
personality what's more, body is all similar to a fantasy which can never be gone for.

To elevate such individuals, it's important to make them mindful also, to see the world
existing with energizing nerds. The above all else thing is to set up social insurance
association in every town with essential offices of having specialists in exceptionally crisis
circumstances. It is additionally essential to recognize a gathering of individuals who can be
prepared utilizing IOT's, which causes them to deal with the circumstance by themselves,
when require emerges.

Our primary approach is to make them mindful about the most recent change in the
medicinal field utilizing IOT by giving expected trainings to the new age elderly populace of
the town. This approach can be a gainful in those towns where the individuals are known with
the nuts and bolts of cell phones and PCs which they accomplish by restricted level of
tutoring in their youth. To accomplish this better, we need to present and additionally prepare
them on the Internet of Things as its model encourages another arrangement of Internet
administrations and applications. This should be possible by covering its structures, working
standards, different gadgets, points of interest and difficulties.

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CHAPTER 3

PRESENT SCENARIO

3.1 PRESENT HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

Manual Health Care System – The existing healthcare system of the hospitals, clinics,
laboratories and pharmacies should address some problem:

▪ Problem with maintenance

▪ Volume of date becomes a problem (storage)
▪ Needs lots of paper
▪ Problem with flavescent paper
▪ Problem with interpretation or transcription
▪ Data is not converted easily to information
▪ Readiness of the information (not data)
▪ Accessibility to any healthcare personnel and accessibility to any healthcare institution.
▪ Once the data is burned it cannot be reproduced easily.
▪ Coordination of data and information is a problem
▪ Integration with the other system such as laboratory, accounting, etc. is a problem
▪ Data handling is a problem

3.2 SMART HEALTHCARE USING IOT

IOT can be implemented in the medical field by means of abundant applications and
techniques, ranging from remote monitoring to integrated medical devices. Even wireless
patient monitoring is done by using the IOT devices. The In Vitro Diagnostics (IVD)
Devices, Physiological Monitors, Mobile Medical Apps Wearable’s and Capital-Intensive
Devices are included in this. With the aid of these devices, a numerous health issues can be
spot out and solved.

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CHAPTER 4

PERSPECTIVES OF IOT

There are three perspectives of IOT usages as given below:

Things oriented vision
Internet oriented vision
Semantic oriented vision.

A. Things Oriented Vision

This is the main platform which provides the possibilities to integrate data with one
another through network devices that are linked with the advance sensors for collaborating
and existing together. Sensors can be used for connecting different physical objects to acquire
real time information. This can be achieved by using different embedded devices that are
interconnected with the smart objects through internet. Various embedded devices used are
Radio Frequency Identifier (RFID), Near Field Communication (NFC) and additional
wireless equipment.
B. Internet Oriented Vision
All the devices are connected to the networks for establishing communications
among Themselves. The devices that are connected to the networks are known as smart
objects which are integrated to be monitored in a continuous way to give a better result.

C. Semantic Oriented Vision

The sequence of information’s that are collected from various sensors need to be
analyzed for obtaining a meaningful structure of data which can be accomplish using
semantic process.
The raw data are separated from the meaningful sequences of information where it
undergoes through semantic integration which is carried out using middleware layer of
semantic. The physical data such as humidity, temperature etc. together with the human
health data’s like patient records, parameter variations details are then transformed to digital
world acquired using advance sensors and the digital data gets transformed into physical
actions (dialysis systems etc.) through actuators. Sensors that are attached with the IOT
devices are mainly used to receive various signals from the environment which are the
monitored to control the environment based on the inputs provided. Through internet these
devices are interlinked with one another and also with cloud storage which further helps to
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establish a communication link with common objects and individuals as referred in fig.2.

Fig.2. IOT Perspectives

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CHAPTER 5

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

5.1 IOTHNET ARCHITECTURE

It is a draw for spelling out the significant stuff and sensors utilized as a part of IoT,
their interconnectivity, utility and execution. In the design, there is interoperability in the
middle the remote Personal Area Networks (WPAN) and Remote Local Area Networks
(WLAN). The correspondence between the Application Hosting gadgets also, the Wide Area
Network gadgets are very spilling also, secure. As there are four stages it is otherwise called
the Four Stage Architecture of IOT framework.

Stage1: The sensors and actuators display in this organize assemble information from the
encompassing condition and move it into valuable one. If there should arise an occurrence of
social insurance, the gadgets of this stage may gather data, for example, rise or on the other
hand fall in temperature, weight, and so forth. and transmits it into the succeeding stages to
recognize also, curing the malady.

Stage2: The information got in the principal stage will be more often than not in simple
shape. The simple to-advanced converter introduce at this stage turns the simple information
to computerized frame. This stage fills in as an Internet Gateway and transports the
computerized type of information to the following stage.

Stage3: The digitized type of information is made to enter into this stage for doing total and
preprocessing. After the fruition of preparing of the totaled information by the Edge IT
gadgets, it is moved to the up and coming stage.

Stage4: The finishing up period of the IOT engineering has the Data focuses and the cloud
which are used for accumulating the information. Thinking about our illustration, the
analyzed ailment points of interest and its cures will be put away in this stage. The significant
realities are made to experience examination. After fitting administration, it can be safely
incorporated into the cloud.

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5.1.1 OVERVIEW

The primary stage encases all the remote and physical gadgets of both WPAN and
WLAN. The following stage comprises of the application facilitating gadgets and converters
that are utilized to perform Analog to - Computerized change. The third stage incorporates
the WAN Gadgets and edge IT gadgets which can do preprocessing. The last stage holds the
server farms for amassing the information.

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CHAPTER 6

ROLE OF IOT IN HEALTH CARE

6.1 IOT BE USED IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE

IOT can be executed in the medicinal field by implies of bottomless applications and
Procedures, going from remote observing to coordinated restorative gadgets. Indeed,
Remote patient observing is finished by utilizing the IOT gadgets. The In Vitro Diagnostics
(IVD) Devices, Physiological Monitors, Mobile Medical Apps, Wearable's and Capital-
Intensive Devices are incorporated into this. With the guide of these gadgets, a various
Well-being issues can be spot out and settled.

6.2 IOT HealthCare Services:

IOT offer several Health Care Services including the following:

1. Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) contributing to the old aged individuals.
2. The Internet of m-Health Things (m-IOT)
3.Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)
4. Community Health care (CH)
5. Children Health Information (CHI)
6. Wearable Device Access (WDA)
7. Semantic Medical Access (SMA)
8. Indirect Emergency Health care (IEH)

9. Embedded Gateway Configuration (EGC)

10.Embedded Context Prediction (ECP)

6.3 IOT HealthCare Applications:

The following are some of the examples of implementation of IOT in Health Care:

1. Glucose Level Sensing: There will be a sensor for collecting the glucose level, mobile
phone or computer and a processor working behind in the background. The sensors from the
patients will collect the glucose level in blood and send the niceties to the interconnected
mobile phone or computer of the health care provider.
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2. Electro Cardio Gram Monitoring: The sensors used here will analyze the rhythm of
heart beat at regular intervals and send the minutiae to the application layer of IOT for further
processing. This can be used for sensing the chances of Cardiac Arrest for the patient.

3. Blood Pressure Monitoring: The BP apparatus senses the rise or fall in the blood pressure
level and transmit those particulars to the health center via the communication module.

4. Body Temperature Monitoring: The body temperature sensor embedded within the body
find outs the variation in body temperature and acts accordingly by providing the essential
medication.

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6.4 INNOVATIVE APPROACH

The wearable wellbeing gadgets are exceedingly costly for the basic clients. Keeping in
mind the end goal to conquer this test, we have thought of an inventive thought which makes
the gadget basic and reasonable for wellbeing checking. For this we propose interfacing
modules with the utilities that a man utilizes as a part of his/her everyday life. One such thing
that can be considered is the shoes and garments.

The principle secluded gadget is associated specifically with the help of Bluetooth low
vitality innovation. By infixing gadget to shoes and garments, we can every now and again
break down the progressions occurring in the bodies. If there should arise an occurrence of
any sickness happening in the body of an individual, it influences the typical capacity of heart
and result in change in body temperature.

The adjustment in beat rate, temperature and sweating can be checked and recorded
keeping in mind the end goal to break down the outcome and make moment move by the
client as well as the healing center connected to the patient remotely with the help of IOT
innovation.

6.5 IMPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUE

Our particular wearable gadget makes utilization of Bluetooth low vitality, radio flag
and telephone for correspondence between modules. Like all IOT frameworks, the procedure
begins with the accumulation of information from the patient to screen body temperature, pH
esteem, Blood Pressure, heart beat rate, Calorie consumed and breath rate of the patient.

The gadgets to be utilized here are wearable sensors, microcontroller, Bluetooth,

Mobile Phone, android application, UV light stand and remote charger. The fundamental
module is connected with the shoes and the girl module is settled with the garments. The
information gathered from the girl module is exchanged to the fundamental module with the
assistance of radio signs. In the primary module, the information is handled by the
microcontroller and speaks with the cell phone with the assistance of Bluetooth innovation.

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Once the information is gotten by the portable it is send to the patient and additionally to the
doctor's facility connected if there should be an occurrence of crisis circumstance. UV light
stand is used to keep the wearable sensor sterile when not in utilize. The wearable gadget gets
remotely charged in the stand. The aggregate setup is outlined such that each what's
more, every segment adds a legitimacy to the framework. The Microcontroller, radio module
and Bluetooth devour low power which diminishes the radiation. Therefore, our framework is
productive in both execution and cost

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6.6 PROS AND CONS

The IOT based medicinal services framework gives higher opportunities to spare
existences of everyday citizens through its own merits. The fundamental preferred standpoint
of IOT is the enormous measure of information gathered every last second. This aides in
powerful checking and choices can be made effortlessly in view of the caught data. Constant
observing of patient’s condition by the specialist, informs any issue substantially sooner than
knowing after the body gives a side effect. IOT is competent to speak with the Physical
gadgets which brings about astounding control.

The human impedance is less and machine-to-machine correspondence is more, this

diminishes the mistake and builds the productivity. With all the above expressed
characteristics it spares time and cash, which helps the everyday citizens. Every one of the
advancements Indicate quick development in each second in view of the testing factors that
come crosswise over inside the usage. The significant difficulties before the clients by IOT
are similarity, multifaceted nature also, digital security. Till now, there is no standard of
similarity for the labeling and checking types of gear, which can be explained once the
producers consent to certain standard. Unpredictability expands the likelihood of
disappointment. These disappointments can be taken care of through appropriate perception
and propagation.

Digital security is the very talked fault these days; this can be halted by the use of Bit
box - an IOT Security Storage Device that gathers information from IOT gadgets and
scrambles them. This information can be just gotten to by the clients inside the circle created
by the Primary client. Another significant bad mark that debases the adequacy of this usage is
disappointment of connection between layers [10], taking care of the information created
incorporation of EHR gadget, digital security and so forth. In the event that any
disappointment happens in the diverse conventions arranged at each layer, at that point the
stream of data is influenced which interferes with the system association. The bad marks or
the effect on society are joblessness and innovation subordinate life.

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CONCLUSION

"Wellbeing is riches and Healthy society prompts better country" Even however there were
offices existing in the past, because of absence of mindfulness, the use of these offices was
extremely insignificant. Because of the innovation progression, the data stream turned out to
be substantially less demanding what's more, quicker. The innovation progression has a more
prominent impact in the field of wellbeing. One of the major flare-ups was the creation of
IOT, which made the life simpler especially in the restorative field. This progressed
innovation empowered the data trade between framework and simple of data access through
the web. The significant accomplishments of this approach were that, specialists could get to
the restorative history of the patient and begin treatment remotely. There are loads of remote
towns where individuals are handing-off on medicinal offices far from their living spots.
These circumstances should be changed by giving legitimate offices and in addition training
on existing frameworks to the general population living in the remote towns, with the goal
that they will have the capacity to use them viably. The new headway in innovation called
Internet of Things (IOT) made a few headways in this field, by being successfully used to
instruct and benefit the offices to the general population living in these remote country
regions. Obliviousness of people living in country regions is to be entirely ceased in light of
the fact that every single one of us is thought to be significant patrons of the creating world.
Think about each one's, may they be a poorer or rich one's and refrain from speaking of each
person to be the quality of their countries. Without life the world won't exist and henceforth it
is our obligation to make utilization of Science and Innovation for the supportability of
individuals on the Earth.

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