Name : ……………………………………………………………

htt
Roll No. : ………………………………………………………..
Invigilator’s Signature : ………………………………………..
CS/B.Tech (ME/PWE)/SEM-4/ME-401/2011
p:/
2011
FLUID MACHINERY
Time Allotted : 3 Hours Full Marks : 70
/q
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words
pap
as far as practicable.

GROUP – A
( Multiple Choice Type Questions )
1. Choose the correct alternatives for the following : 10 × 1 = 10
er.

i) Efficiency of the jet of water having velocity V striking a

series of vertical plates moving with a velocity u is given

wb

by

2V (V # u) 2u(V # u)
a) "= 2
b) "=
u V2
ut .

u( V # u)
c) "= d) None of these.
! V2 !

ii) The specific speed of a turbine is expressed as

a c.

!
2
a) N P H b) N P H

34 54
c) N P H d) N P H .
in

! !
4010 [ Turn over
! !
CS/B.Tech (ME/PWE)/SEM-4/ME-401/2011

iii) Which of the following statements is correct for a

reaction turbine ?
htt
a) The outlet must be above tail race

b) Water may be allowed to enter a part or whole of

p:/
wheel circumference

c) Flow can be regulated without loss

d) There is only partial conversion of available head to

/q
velocity head before entry to rotor.

iv) Higher specific speeds ( 160 to 500 ) of centrifugal pump

pap
indicate that the pump is of

a) Radial flow type b) Axial flow type

c) Mixed flow type d) None of these.

v) For a negative value of slip, the coefficient of discharge

er.

in a reciprocating pump would be

a) less than unity b) more than unity

c) equal to unity d) infinite.

wb

vi) The relation between mechanical ("m ) , hydraulic

("h ) and overall efficiency ("o ) is
"m
a) "o = b) ! " o = "m # " h
ut .

"h
! !
c) "m = " o # " h d) None of these.
!
vii)
! In a centrifugal pump the sum of suction head and
a c.

delivery head is known as

!
a) Manometric head b) Total head

c) Static head d) None of these.

in

4010 2
 CS/B.Tech (ME/PWE)/SEM-4/ME-401/2011

viii) Governing of turbines means

htt
a) the discharge is kept constant under all conditions

b) the power developed is kept constant under all

p:/
conditions

c) the speed is kept constant under all conditions

/q
d) allowing the turbine to run at ‘Run-away’ speed.
pap
ix) The slip factor in a centrifugal compressor

a) is independent of power input factor

b) is independent of the compressor efficiency

er.

c) increases with increasing number of vanes

d) decreases with increasing number of vanes.

wb

x) Air vessel in a reciprocating pump is used

a) to obtain a continuous supply of water at uniform

ut .

rate

b) to reduce suction head

a c.

c) to increase the delivery head

d) none of these.
in

4010 3 [ Turn over

CS/B.Tech (ME/PWE)/SEM-4/ME-401/2011

GROUP – B
( Short Answer Type Questions )
htt
Answer any three of the following. 3 × 5 = 15

2. a) What is the function of breaking jet in Pelton wheel ?

p:/
b) Show that the maximum hydraulic efficiency of a Pelton
1 + k cos #2
wheel is given by " h = where k is a ratio of
2
the relative velocities at outlet and inlet and "2 is the
outlet blade angle. 1+4
/q
3.
!
Explain with neat sketch, the function of a draft tube.
!
pap
4. a) Explain the terms stalling and surging of a compressor.

b) Show by drawing suitable H-Q curves, how matching of

pump and system characteristics is done for
2 centrifugal pumps operating in

i) series
er.

ii) parallel. 2+3

5. Show that the energy per unit weight of fluid transferred

wb

between the fluid and the rotor of a hydraulic turbine is

1
2 [( ) ( ) (
given as H = g C22 " C12 + U 22 " U12 + W12 " W22 )] where,
C, U and W are absolute, peripheral and relative velocities of
the fluid. Explain each term of the equation and write the
simplified form of the same for axial flow hydraulic turbine.
ut .

!
6. A one-fifth scale model of a pump was tested in a laboratory
at 1000 r.p.m. The head developed and the power inputs at
the best efficiency point were found to be 8 m and 30 kW
a c.

respectively. If the prototype pump has to work against a

head of 25 m, determine its working speed, the power
required to derive it and the ratio of the flow rates handled
by the two pumps.
in

4010 4
 CS/B.Tech (ME/PWE)/SEM-4/ME-401/2011

GROUP – C
( Long Answer Type Questions )
htt
Answer any three of the following. 3 × 15 = 45

7. a) The penstock supplies water from a reservoir to the

p:/
pelton wheel with a gross head of 500 m. One-third of
the gross head is lost in friction in the penstock. The
rate of flow of water through the nozzle fitted at the end
/q
of the penstock is 2 m3 sec . The angle of deflection of
the jet is 165˚. Determine the power given by the water
pap
to the runner and also hydraulic efficiency of the pelton
!
wheel. Take speed ratio = 0·45 and Cv = 1. 7

b) An inward flow reaction turbine has an external

diameter of 1 m and its breadth
! at inlet is 200 mm. If
er.

the velocity of flow at inlet is 1·5 m/sec, find the mass

of water passing through the turbine per second.
Assume 15% of the area of flow is blocked by blade
wb

thickness. If the speed of the runner is 200 r.p.m. and

guide blades make an angle of 15˚ to the wheel tangent,
draw the inlet velocity triangle and find :
ut .

i) the runner vane angle at inlet

ii) velocity of wheel at inlet

iii) the absolute velocity of water leaving the guide

a c.

vanes

iv) the relative velocity of water entering the runner

blade. 8
in

4010 5 [ Turn over

CS/B.Tech (ME/PWE)/SEM-4/ME-401/2011

8. a) Define the term ‘governing of a turbine’. Describe with

neat sketch the working of an oil pressure
htt
governor. 1+7

b) To predict the performance of a large centrifugal pump,

its model having he following parameters was
p:/
constructed :

H = 8 m, N = 925 rpm, P = 17·64 kW. Diameter of

impeller of the model pump is 9 times smaller than that
/q
of the prototype. The prototype has to work against a
head of 30 m. Find its working speed and the power
required to derive it. Determine the rate of flow for both
pap
the pumps. 7

9. a) The following data pertain to a Kaplan turbine :

Power available at shaft = 22500 kW; Head = 20 m;

Speed = 150 r.p.m.; Hydraulic efficiency = 95%; Over-all
er.

efficiency = 88%; Outer diameter of runner = 4·5 m;

Diameter of the hub = 2 m.

Assuming that the turbine discharges without whirl at

wb

exit, determine the runner vane angles at the hub and

the outer periphery. 8

b) A conical draft tube having inlet and outlet diameters

1 m and 1·5 m discharges water at outlet with a velocity
ut .

of 2·5 m/s. The total length of the draft tube is 6 m and

1·20 m of the length of draft tube is immersed in water.
If the atmospheric pressure head is 10·3 m of water and
loss of head due to friction in the draft tube is equal to
a c.

0·2 of velocity head at outlet of the tube, find :

i) pressure head at inlet

ii) efficiency of the draft tube. 7

in

4010 6
 CS/B.Tech (ME/PWE)/SEM-4/ME-401/2011

10. a) What is meant by Net Positive Suction Head ( NPSH ) ? 2

htt
b) What is an axial thrust in centrifugal pump ? State its
causes. 3

c) A centrifugal pump lifts water under a static head of

p:/
36 m of water of which 4 m is suction lift. Suction and
delivery pipes are both 150 mm in diameter. The head
loss in suction pipe is 1·8 m and in delivery pipe 7 m.
The impeller is 380 mm in diameter and 25 mm wide at
/q
mouth and revolves at 1200 r.p.m. Its exit blade angle is
35˚. If the manometer efficiency of the pump is 82%,
pap
determine the discharge and the pressure at the suction
and delivery branches of the pump. 10

11. a) By dimensional analysis show that

for rotodynamic machines the dimensionless-head
coefficient ( gH 2
N D 2
) can be expressed
er.

as gH N 2 D2 = (
" Q ND3 , µ D2 N#, $ D , ) where

D = diameter of impeller, Q = volumetric flow rate,

!
wb

H = difference of head across the machine, N is the

! !
speed of rotation, µ is absolute viscosity of the fluid
handled, ρ is the absolute viscosity of the fluid handled,
ε is the absolute roughness of the machine’s internal
passage and g is the acceleration due to gravity. 8
ut .

b) A backward swept centrifugal fan develops a pressure of

80 mm of water gauge. It has an impeller diameter of
0·89 m and runs at 720 rpm. The blade angle at tip is
a c.

39˚ and the width of the impeller is 0·1 m. Assuming a

constant radial velocity of 9·15 m/s and density of air
as 1 " 2 kg m3 , determine the fan efficiency, discharge
in

and power required. 7

4010 ! 7 [ Turn over

CS/B.Tech (ME/PWE)/SEM-4/ME-401/2011

12. a) What is cavitation ? Describe different heads of a

htt
pump. 2+4

b) The diameter and stroke length of a single acting-

p:/
reciprocating pump are 75 mm and 150 mm

respectively. It takes its supply of water from a sump

3 m below the pump through a pipe 5 m long and

/q
40 mm in diameter. It delivers water to tank 12 m above
pap
the pump through a pipe 30 mm in diameter and 15 m

long. If separations occur 75 kN m2 below the

atmospheric pressure, find the maximum speed at

!
which pump may be operated without separation.
er.

Assume that the piston has a simple harmonic motion. 9

wb
ut .
a c.
in

4010 8