Journal of Structural Technology

Volume 2 Issue 3

A Review Study on Fly Ash Based Light Weight Aggregate and its
Strength Assessment as A Building Material
Rabindranath Ghosh1, Deepali Vasudev2, Mohammad Ovais3, Mohd. Moin Azhar4
1
Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, MIT Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
2345
UG Student , Department of Civil Engineering, MIT Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
rabindranathghosh1987@gmail.com

Abstract
Fly ash is a waste material from thermal power plant which is converted into light weight
aggregate by means of pelletization process and cold bonding process. Light weight concrete
is made by the use of light weight aggregate. Light weight aggregate is used in floor and roof
screeds, roof tiles, land drainage, filter media and refractory. Different test were also
conducted on light weight aggregate to study its physical properties such as crushing
strength, specific gravity, bulk density and water absorption. It was observed from the test
result that in order to obtain the maximum pelletization efficiency, the optimum revolution
speed and the inclination angle are found to be 50 rpm and 55◦ respectively in given
proportion. The properties of light weight concrete were also studied.

Keywords: fly ash, light weight aggregate, pelletization.

INTRODUCTION cost comparison of the fly ash light weight

In older days, the light weight aggregate is
produced using normal volcanic materials.
But now a days it is produced through
pelletization and cold bonding process i.e.
through consolidation and hardening or
binding of the fly ash particle. The
maximum utilization of fly ash only
possible in construction if we replace the
normal aggregate with fly ash aggregate.
Light weight aggregate have high and
rapid absorption quality. It is also possible
to water proof it by coating it with
bitumen. Light weight concrete is
produced through the use of light weight
aggregate. The density of light weight
concrete varies from 300 to 1850 kg/m^3.
It has low thermal conductivity and its
strength depend upon the density of
concrete.
Objective of This Study
The Objectives of this is to examine the
utilization of fly ash, bentonite and PPC
and to convert it into light weight
aggregate for use in concrete as porous
light weight in nature. Also to evaluate
aggregate concrete with natural aggregate
concrete.
LITERATURE REVIEW
RAKESH SONI., (2015) he studied the
behavior of fly ash in cement concrete
pavement. The aim of study is to test and
analysis compressive strength of fly ash-
cement concrete in a normal way as use to
determine on construction site, which can
utilize in road construction in rural areas.
Laboratory experiments were performed
on fly ash to determine its properties,
which may be used in road construction,
earth dam construction, soil stabilization
etc. A comparison is also made between
fly ash and cement properties which are
used as sub-grade, base in Highway
construction. Through his present study, he
determined physical properties of cement,
fly ash, and fine aggregates and then
slump test conducted to check concrete
workability, and compressive strength test
to check its quality and compressive
strength.

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ANU JOY HARILAL B. MATHEWS
M. PAUL JOB THOMAS., (2013)
studied the effect of aggregate ratio on
strength of cold bonded fly ash aggregate
concrete subjected to high temperature.
For this purpose, cold bonded pelletized
fly ash aggregates are used as coarse
aggregate. When the specimens were 28
days old, they were exposed to elevated
temperatures (100°C, 200°C, and 300°C)
for 2h, 4h and 6h durations. Tests were
conducted to determine the compressive
strength of the heated specimens and
compared with the ambient temperature
strength. The results show that fly ash
aggregates concrete withstand a
temperature up to 300°C, beyond which
strength drastically decreases.
ERGUL YASIR CENGIZ DURAN
ATIS ALAAETTIN KILIC HASAN
GULSEN., (2003) he studied about the
strength properties of light weight concrete
made with basaltic pumice and fly ash. He
also carried out a laboratory work to
design a structural light weight concrete
made with basaltic pumice as aggregate
and fly ash as mineral admixtures. The
material used for this experiment were
normal Portland cement, fly ash aggregate
with different grading. Based on the
strength and density tests results of the
experimental work, it was concluded that
the scoria lightweight aggregate can be
used in the production of SLWC. It is
possible to produce a lightweight concrete
of 25 MPa cylinder compressive strength
by the use of a fly ash. The use of fly ash,
which will reduce the cost and
environmental pollution, seems to be
possible in SLWC mixture.
GOKHAN BAYKAL ATA GURHAN
DOVEN, (2000) He studied about the
utilization of fly ash by pelletization
process, its theory, its application areas
and research results. In the pelletization
process, the material used were fly ash,
cement and lime. Although pelletization
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Journal of Structural Technology
Volume 2 Issue 3
process is a world wide known technique
for the production of artificial aggregate
but this method is not used in construction
sector. However, depending on the
agglomerated materials, properties and
process efficiency, artificial aggregates
with adequate engineering performance
may be produced by moisture treatment
under atmospheric conditions. He
concluded that The addition of mineral
additives increases the crushing value of
the artificial pellets between 12 and 200%
in 7 days curing period and between 175
and 319% in 28 days curing period. The
cement addition provides higher increment
in the first 14 days of curing period,
whereas the lime addition provides higher
strengths due continuity in strength gain
rate in the long term. The main mechanical
parameters of pelletization process are
found out to be the operation tilt angle and
disc speed during process, which were
determined as 43° and 45 rpm,
respectively.
J. M. J. M. BIJEN, (1986) he studied
about the manufacturing process of
artificial light weight aggregate from fly
ash. Different methods are used for
manufacturing of fly ash lightweight
aggregate. But in his article agglomeration
techniques and hardening methods are
described. Different methods of hardening
are sintering, autoclaving or cold bonding.
The material used were Fly ash, Additives
like Portland cement, water-glass, lime. In
sintered processes fairly high coal content
is acceptable or even favourable. The
autoclaved and cold bonded pallets
however prefer low carbon fly ashes. If the
bond between the fly ash particles in
general diminishes, this effect can
however be compensated by improving the
degree of compaction of the aggregate.
CONCLUSION
 Fly ash is the most suitable material for
the production of lightweight
aggregate.

 Bentonite is not suitable for the
production of fly ash lightweight
aggregate using cold bonding process.
 Ternary blend of fly ash, Bentonite and
PPC are suitable for the production of
lightweight aggregate using cold
bonded process.
 The use of fly ash, which will reduce
the cost and environmental pollution,
seems to be possible in the production
of lightweight aggregate.
REFERENCES
1. RAKESH SONI., (2015) he studied
the behavior of fly ash in cement
concrete pavement.
2. ANU JOY HARILAL B.
MATHEWS M. PAUL JOB
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Journal of Structural Technology
Volume 2 Issue 3
THOMAS., (2013) studied the effect
of aggregate ratio on strength of cold
bonded fly ash aggregate concrete
subjected to high temperatures.
3. ERGUL YASIR CENGIZ DURAN
ATIS ALAAETTIN KILIC HASAN
GULSEN., (2003) studied the Strength
properties of lightweight concrete
made with basaltic pumice and fly ash.
4. OKHAN BAYKAL ATA GURHAN
DOVEN, (2000) studied the
Utilization of fly ash by pelletization
process; theory, application areas and
research results.
5. J. M. J. M. BIJEN, (1986) studied the
Manufacturing processes of artificial
lightweight aggregates from fly ash.