American Mineralogist, Volume 61, pages 817-821, 1976
BOOK REVIEWS
MINERALOGICHNII SLOVNIK (Mineralogical Dictionary).
By E. K. Lazarenkoand O. M, Vynar. Naukova Dumka, Kiev,
1 9 ' 1 5 . 7 ' 1 2p . [ U k r a i n i a n , w i t h E n g l i s h i n d e x ] P r i c e 5 K r b , 7 8
k o p . ( a p p r o x i m a t e l y$ 1 6 . 0 0 U S ) .
T h i s U k r a i n i a n d i c t i o n a r y o f m i n e r a l o g i c a lt e r m i n o l o g y g i v e s
definitions of more than 14,000terms, including minerals described
through 1973. Russian and English translations are provided for
each term. For each mineral, the information given includes: com-
position, analysis,origin of name and referenceto namer (but only
a s E . F . G l o c k e r , 1 8 3 9 ,e t c ) , c r y s t a l s y s t e m ( b u t n o t u n i t c e l l o r
s p a c eg r o u p ) , p h y s i c a l p r o p e r t i e s ,a n d m o d e o f o c c u r r e n c e
A very useful reference book.
Mrcnerl Fr-BrscHsn
U.S Geological Suruey
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DATA OF INORGANIC COM.
P O U N D S . B y W o l f g a n g P i e sa n d A l a r i c h W e i s s .V o l u m e 7 , P a r t
e ( s u b s t a n c en u m b e r s e l - 1 3 5 2 5 ) :K e y e l e m e n t sC u , A g , A u , Z n ,
Cd, Hg, Sc,Y, La-Lu, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Ti, Zr, Hl V, Nb,
Ta, of LandoltBornstein: Numerical Data and Functional Rela-
tionships in Science and Technology. Edited by K-H Hellwege
and A. M. Hellwege Springer-VerlagB , e r l i n , 1 9 7 6 .x x v i i + 7 3 9
p a g e s , l 4 f i g u r e s .$ 2 7 8 . 8 0 .
S e er e v i e w so f v o l u m e I I I l 7 , p a r t s a , b , a n d g ( A m . M i n e r a l 5 9 ,
l l 4 2 : 6 1 , 3 4 4 ) P a r t e e x t e n d st h e c o v e r a g et o o x y c o m p o u n d so f t h e
above elements belonging to the first to fifth subgroups of the
p e r i o d i c t a b l e . S e v e r a ls y s t e m sa r e i l l u s t r a t e dw i t h t h o s e d i a g r a m s .
The data content per page is high, but the price ofthe volume is a
s e v e r el i m i t a t i o n o n p o s s i b l ep u r c h a s e s .
Bnrlu MesoN
S mit hsonian I nsI i tut ion
ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS. By S. J. B. Reed.
Cambridge University Press, New York, 1975.400 pages
s34.50.
This book is one of more than a score in the series entitled
Cambridge Monographs on Physics It is written by a physicist for
p h y s i c i s t sb
, ut I am happy to say that most of it was found to be
r e a d i l y r e a d a b l eb y t h i s m e r e l y m o r t a l m i n e r a l o g i s t .
I n R e e d ' s o w n w o r d s : " T h i s b o o k i s i n t e n d e dt o p r o v i d e a f a i r l y
complete coverage of electron microprobe analysis for usersof the
technique in metallurgy and materials science, geology, biology,
etc. The treatment emphasizesphysical principler [italics mine], in
relation to the design and operation of the instrument and the
interpretation of results, but every effort has been made to avoid
superfluous theoretical detail. Much of the material included is
relevant not only to the conventional electron microprobe, but
should also be of interest to users of scanning electron micro-
scopes,which nowadays are frequently fitted with X-ray spectrom-
eters for analytical purposes." (Preface, p. xv and xvi) Chapter I
817
c u r s o r i l y i n t r o d u c e st h e p r i n c i p l e so f m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s i s ,i n c l u d -
ing X-ray geherlntion by both electron and X-ray (secondary) ex-
citation and X-ray absorption. However, the pertinent physics of
X-rays is consigned to just seven pages of text in the appendix.
Therein lies what I consider to be the book's chief weakness.The
electron gun (Chapter 3) merits nearly twice the coverage, and in
Chapter 6 moie than 20 pages are devoted to every conceivable
type of X-ray diffraction spectrometer-Bragg, Johann focusing,
Johnasson focusing, semi-focusing, linear focusing, Siegbahn dif-
f r a c t i o n g r a t i n g , b l a z e d g r a t i n g , p h a s eg r a t i n g , a n d p o l a r c o o r d i -
nate grating spectrometers.But the fundamentals of X-ray physics
are weakly presented.
Beyond that, about half of the 400 pages is devoted to the
mechanics and electronics of the instrument itself. Chapter 2
sketchesthe "Essential features of the electron microprobe," albeit
without the benefit of a master schematic to indicate the relation-
ships of X-ray, electron, and light optical systemsto the X-ray and
electron signal-processingelectronics (detectors, pre-amps, PHA's,
scanning circuitry, elc.). Chapters 3 and 4 concern "The electron
g u n , " i n c l u d i n g d e t a i l s o f L a B . a n d f i e l d e m i s s i o n s o u r c e s ,a n d
"The probe forming systeri.l"-an excellent treatment of micro-
probe electron optics. The only missing feature is a discussion of
the three-lens systems which are common in the latest generation
s c a n n i n gm i c r o s c o p e - m i c r o p r o b ei n s t r u m e n t s .C h a p t e r 5 o n e l e c -
trostatic, electromagnetic, and mechanical scanning techniques ap-
plied to the formation of X-ray and electron images and to phase
a n a l y s i si s w e l l d o n e ; a n d a s m e n t i o n e de a r l i e r ,C h a p t e r 6 c o n t a i n s
all you need to know about X-ray diffraction spectrometry. Chap-
ter 7 is about proportional counters, both orthodox and unortho-
d o x , a n d C h a p t e r 8 g i v e s d e t a i l so f t h e X - r a y p u l s e a m p l i f i c a t i o n ,
d i s c r i m i n a t i o n ,a n d c o u n t i n g e l e c t r o n i c s .
Chapters 9 and l0 contain an introductory treatment of the
lithium-drifted silicon detector that is now widely used, as both a
q u a l i t a t i v e a n d a q u a n t i t a t i v e t o o l . T h e d i s c u s s i o no f e n e r g y - d i s -
p e r s i v eX - r a y s p e c t r o m e t r y( E D S ) a n d t h e a s s o c i a t e dm e t h o d s o f
q u a n t i t a t i v ea n a l y s i s( C h a p t e r l 7 ) t h a t a r e r a p i d l y b e i n g i n t e g r a t e d
i n t o m i c r o p r o b e a n d S E M s y s t e m si s t i m e l y i n d e e d a n d a r e a l p l u s
for the book. Of course, one can expect Chapter 17 to be outdated
rapidly, but it is a usefulintroduction.
C h a p t e r I I d i s c u s s e ss a m p l e p r e p a r a t i o n , s a m p l e d a m a g e a n d
c o n t a m i n a t i o n u n d e r t h e e l e c t r o nb e a m , a s w e l l a s s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n ,
a n a l y s i sc o n d i t i o n s a n d d e t e c t i o nl i m i t s . C h a p t e r s l 2 - 1 5 t e d i o u s l y
' m o s t e v e r y b o d y ' si d e a s a n d m a t h e m a t i c a l a p p r o x i m a -
deal with
tions of the so-called matrix corrections necessaryto translate raw
X - r a y c o u n t s i n t o r e l i a b l e ,q u a n t i t a t i v ec h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s ". X - r a y
generation, stopping power, and electron range," "Backscatter-
ing," "X-ray absorption," and "Fluorescence" are the chapter
headings, and it is within these 90 pages that much of the earlier
deficiency in coverage of X-ray physics is amended. But these are
inordinately difficult to plow through, and there is much detail that
might better have been omitted. In his chapter on "Practical cor-
rection procedures," Reed ultimatety does pass cautious judge-
m e n t o n w h i c h o f t h e m u l t i t u d e o f a p p r o x i m a t ec o r r e c t i o n f a c t o r s
are acceptableH . e w o r k s t h r o u g h a s i m p l e ( t o o s i m p l e ? )e x a m p l e
o f a n a l y s i so f a n F e - N i a l l o y u s i n g t h e m e t a l sa s s t a n d a r d s .T h i s i s
p e d a g o g i c a l l yu s e f u l ,e s p e c i a l l yf o r t h e s t u d e n to f m i c r o p r o b e a n a l -
8r8 BOOK REVIEI'I/S
y s i s w h o i s f o r t u n a t e e n o u g h t o h a v e o n - l i n e c o m p u t e r r e d u c t i o no f
X - r a y p u l s e d a t a t o o x i d e w e i g h t p e r c e n t a g e sa n d n o r m a l i z e d
f o r m u l a s ; s o m e w h e r e ,s o m e h o w , e v e r y o n e s h o u l d s e e a r e a l - l i f e
data reduction. Chapter l9 is an expanded treatment of "Light
e l e m e n ta n a l y s i s " a n d C h a p t e r 2 0 c o n c l u d e sw i t h a b r o a d s u r v e yo f
" A p p l i c a t i o n s " o f e l e c t r o nm i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s i s .
In toto, this book is a valuable ($34.50) addition to the micro-
p r o b e r ' s l i b r a r y , e s p e c i a l l yb e c a u s ei t i s u n i q u e l y s u i t e d f o r u s e a s a
referencetext in a graduate-levelcourse. I intend to use it-l have a
complimentary copy, but my studentswill no doubt be reading
from the copy on reserve in the library
P n u LH . R r s s e
Virginia Polytechnic I nstilule
and State Uniuersitv
MINERALOCY OF ALKALIC MASSIFS AND THEIR OC-
C U R R E N C E S b y E . I . S e m e n o v ,E . M . E s k o v a , Y u . L . K a p u s -
t i n a n d A . P . K h o m y a k o v . M o s c o w , T h e N a u k a P r e s s ,1 9 7 4 .2 4 8
p . , 4 9 t a b l e s , 5 7 l i g u r e s , 3 6 7 r e f e r e n c e s I. n R u s s i a n ] P r i c e 2 R
4 7 K ( a p p r o x i m a t e l y$ 2 . 7 5 U S ) .
This book is a productof IMGRE and the authors'fulfillmentof
20 years work on alkalic rocks. At the outset, alkalic rocks are
located with respect to world-wide geological features on two
m a p s . O f t h e 9 6 m a s s i f s c o n s i d e r e d( 5 9 i n t h e U S S R ) t h e v a s t
majority lie on the edge of ancient platforms, some (Langesunds
f i o r d , S t e r n o y a n d s e v e r a li n t h e S a y a n r e g i o n ) a r e i n C a l e d o n i a n
fold belts, a few (Tamazert and some deposits in USSR) are in
H e r c y n i a n f o l d b e l t s ,t h r e e ( P o g a , K o k s h a r o v k a , C u l i ) a r e i n a r e a s
of Mesozoic folding, and one (Tezhsar)is in the Alpine belt.
The book is divided into two parts. Part I (p. -170) involves
a l k a l i c m a s s i f sa n d t h e i r o c c u r r e n c e sa n d i s d i v i d e d i n t o 5 c h a p t e r s
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e m a i n r o c k t y p e s : ( l ) a e g i r i n i c n e p h e l i n es y e n i t e
a n d a n a g p a i t e s u b t y p e ( S e m e n o v ) ,( 2 ) b i g t i t i c l e u c i t e - n e p h e l i n e
s y e n i t e( K h o m y a k o v ) , ( 3 ) b i o t i t i c n e p h e l i n bs y e n i t e( E s k o v a ) , ( 4 )
augitic theralite (Semenovand Eskiva), and (5) diopsidic ijolite
( K a p u s t i n ) . E x a m p l e s o f e a c h o f t h e s e t y p e s a r e d e s c r i b e d .I n
a d d i t i o n t o t h e p o r t i o n o n m a s s i f s ,e a c h c h a p t e rc o n t a i n sa s e c t i o n
o n m i n e r a l o g i c a l o c c u r r e n c e s ,n o r m a l l y f r o m r e s t r i c t e d a r e a s
w i t h i n i n d i v i d u a l m a s s i f s ,a n d a c o n c l u d i n g s e c t i o n .T h e e m p h a s i s
i s o n e c o n o m i c p o s s i b i l i t i e s a, l k a l i c m a s s i f so f d i f f e r e n tt y p e s b e i n g
p o t e n t i a l s o u r c e so f U , T h , R E E , B e , Z n , N b , T a , P t , T l , Y , T i , Z r ,
C l , F , a p a t i t e a n d d i a m o n d . U n u s u a l m i n e r a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n si n
alkalic rocks of the USSR include thorianite (in dolomitic car-
b o n a t i t e a t G u l i ) , u r a n i n i t e( i n p e g m a t i t e sa n d a l b i t i t e so f K o r g e r e -
d a b a a n d f r o m a h y d r o t h e r m a l - p n e u m a t o l y t i cz o n e i n a n u n s p e c i -
f i e d l o c a l i t y i n S i b e r i a ) ,a n d e s c h y n i t e( i n a m e t a s o m a t i cz o n e f r o m
a n u n s p e c i f i e dl o c a l i t y a n d f r o m a l k a l i c p e g m a t i t e ,i n t r u s i v e a l b i -
tite and fenite at Vishnev Cor).
P a r t I l ( p . l 7 l - 2 3 4 : S e m e n o v ) r e c o n s i d e r sa n d r e e m p h a s i z e s
m i n e r a l o g i c a l p e c u l i a r i t i e sa n d r o c k a s s o c i a t i o n si n t h e m a s s i f s .
T h e 1 0 0 0 k n o w n m a s s i f sa r e d i s t r i b u t e d i n 3 6 m a i n r e g i o n s .T h e
largest alkalic province is situated in the southern part of the
S i b e r i a n P l a t f o r m a n d c o n t a i n s 1 0 0 a l k a l i c m a s s i f s ,m a i n l y m i a s -
k i t i c A l k a l i c p r o v i n c e so f t h e U r a l s a n d T u r k e s t a n a r e q u a s i l i n e a r
a n d m i a s k i t i c .A g p a i t i c a n d m a n y a e g i r i n i cm a s s i f sa r e r e s t r i c t e dt o
t h e N o r t h A t l a n t i c P r o v i n c e .A n o t h e r p r o v i n c e i n v o l v e st h e M e d i -
terranean-Alpine Geosyncline and includes alkalic massifs in
S p a i n ,I t a l y , A r m e n i a , a n d P a m i r .
T h e l a r g e a l k a l i c m a s s i f so n t h e m a r g i n a l p a r t s o f p l a t f o r m s ,
shields, and resistant blocks are connected with epiplatformal reac-
t i v a t i o n , b u t s o m e ( a s t h o s e o f t h e K o l a P e n i n s u l a )w i t h t h e d e v e l -
opment of adjacent geosynclines. Agpaites are associated with
r a i s e db l o c k s i n a n t i c l i n o r i aa n d a r e f o r m e d i n t h e u p p e r p a r t o f t h e
crust, whereas theralite, ijolite, and augitic syenites are formed in
synclinoriain the lower parts of the crust.
Ijolitic massifs are connected to ultrabasic-alkalic formations,
t h e r a l i t e st o g a b b r o i c r o c k s , b u t n e p h e l i n es y e n i t e ss h o w a v a r i e t y
of affinities. Agpaites may have formed by advanced differ-
entiation of peridotite and gabbroid magmas.
The largest alkalic massifs are Khibina (1400 km'z) and the
poorly exposed Guli massif (perhaps 2000 km'z). Khibina and
Priazov probably connect with their neighboring alkalic massifs at
depth.
Elongated massifs commonly are unzoned and characterized by
Fe-rich amphiboles and micas, whereas the equant massifs are
m o r e m a g n e s i a na n d z o n e d .Z o n e d m a s s i f st e n d t o b e l e s sa l k a l i c i n
their cores and melanocratic-alkalic on their borders, but this may
b e c o m p l i c a t e db y l a t e i n j e c t i o n .
Minerals are also genetically classified into magmatic, pegma-
titic, hydrothermal, hypogene,sedimentary,and exogenic. Ele-
mental associations can also be classified according to lithophile
a n d c h a l c o p h i l e a s s o c i a t i o n sa n d b e s u b d i v i d e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o
l o w - m e l t i n g a n d s u b l i m a t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e s( N a , F , L i , H g , S b ,
etc ), early crystallites (Ca, Mg, Cr, Cu, Pt, elc.), and an inter-
m e d i a t eg r o u p ( K , S r , B , A u , Z n , e t c ) .
T h e b o o k b r i n g s t o g e t h e r ,i n o n e v o l u m e , a w e a l t h o f n e w a n d
difficultly obtainable data from the USSR and is therefore a wel-
c o m e c o m p e n d i u m . S h o r t c o m i n g sl i e m a i n l y w i t h r e v i e w so f W e s t -
e r n l i t e r a t u r e w h i c h a r e , u n d e r s t a n d a b l y ,s o m e w h a t d a t e d . N o
attempt was made to relate the disposition of occurrencesto plate
t e c t on l s m .
D. D. Hoclnru
Uniuersity of Ottawa
PHYLLOSILICATES AND CLAY MINERALS. A Laboratory
Handbook for Their X-ray Diffraction Analysis. By Jacques
T h o r e z E d i t i o n s G . L e l o t t e , 8 4 8 2 0 D i s o n , B e l g i u m , 1 9 7 5 .x i x *
579 pages. [Text in English and French] 3600 Belgian francs
( a p p r o x i m a t e l y$ 9 0 . 0 0 U . S . ) .
T h i s b o o k i s a c o m p i l a t i o n o f t h e X - r a y d i f f r a c t i o nd a t a f o r s o m e
o f t h e p h y l l o s i l i c a t em i n e r a l s . l t i s c o m p r e h e n s i v ei n c o v e r a g ea n d
a b o u n d s i n d e t a i l s . I n v e s t i g a t o r sw i l l f i n d i n t h i s v o l u m e m o s t o f
the information that they need to identify the phyllosilicates herein
described. Thorez uses a graphical portrayal of the data to facil-
itate rapid identification. It is necessary for the investigator to
master Thorez's scheme-a descriptive code of symbolism-to use
t h i s b o o k e f f e c t i v e l y .A f a n l i k e s p r e a d , c a l l e d a h e m i c y c l o g r a m ,
c o n t a i n s a n e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e e f f e c t so f a p a r t i c u l a r p h y s i c a l o r
chemical treatment on the d-spacings of several phyllosilicates. A
color scheme is used for the selection ranges ofd-spacings. Yellow
i s u s e d f o r t h e r a n g e o f t l . 8 t o 9 A w h e r e t h e b a s a l s p e c i m e n so f
m i c a s , e / c . , a r e f o u n d ; r e d f o r t h e r a n g e o f 1 3 . 3t o l l . 9 A c o r r e -
sponding to the intermediate d-spacings;green for the range 14.3to
1 3 . 5 A w h e r e t h e b a s a ls p a c i n g so f t h e c h l o r i t e s ,e t c . , a r c f o u n d ; a n d
b l u e f o r t h e r a n g e l 8 t o 1 4 . 6 A .T h e c o m m o n l y u s e ds e t o f 5 l e t t e r s
designatesthe intensity of the reflections. The shape of the reffec-
tions is characterized by a selection from l0 geometrical figures.
T h e r e i s a c o m p a r t m e n t a t t h e b a s eo f a s e c t o rw i t h i n a h e m i c y c l o -
gram where further types of tests, size data, and source of the
 BOOK REVIEWS 8r9

samplesmay be given. The principal tests on natural air-dried Gnnr, R. E. (1968) Clay Mineralogy, 2d ed. New York, McGraw-
material are: treatment with ethylene glycol; glycerol; attack by Hill, 596p
b o i l i n g H C I ; s o d i u m c i t r a t e ;c a t i o n s a t u r a t i o nw i t h K , N a , C a , M g , J , q s v t N o ,K r n l ( 1 9 5 5 ) D i e s i l i c a t i s c h e nT o n m i n e r a l e , 2 de d . W e i n -
L i ; h e a t i n g a t l 3 d i f f e r e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s ,r a n g i n g f r o m 1 0 0 ' C t o heim, Germany, Verlag Chemie GmbH, 192p.
620'C, and exposure to selectedrelative humidities. SrnuNz, Huco (1970) Mineralogische Tabellen Leipzig, Akade-
The effect of sample preparation is also covered for such variants m i s c h e V e r l a g e s e l l s c h a f t6,2 1 p .
a s c o n v e n t i o n a l m o u n t i n g o f s p e c i m e n so n g l a s s s l i d e sv e r s u st h e
p a s t e m e t h o d ; l e n g t h o f g r i n d i n g p e r i o d s , d i s p e r s i o nw i t h c a l g o n GEoncn T. F,qusr
a n d s o d i u m c a r b o n a t e ,a n d m e t h o d s o f i r o n r e m o v a l . U.S. Geological Suroey
T h e h e m i c y c l o g r a m sa r e t r e a t e d i n g r e a t d e t a i l i n c h a p t e r s2 a n d
3 , a n d a s c h e m ef o r t h e r e c o g n i t i o no f c l a y m i n e r a l sp r o p e r a n d t h e
m i x e d l a y e r s t r u c t u r e s u n d e r a w i d e v a r i e t y o f a s s o c i a t i o n si s CEOCHEMISTRY OF BORON. Edited by C.T.Walker. Bench-
formulated. mark Papers in Geology, Vol. 23. Dowden, Hutchinson, and'
T h e d a t a a r e a l s o p r e s e n t e da s 1 9 0 m o n o g r a m s ( " s t y l i z e d d i f - R o s s , I n c . ( H a l s t e a d P r e s s ) ,1 9 7 6 .x v i i i , 4 l 4 p a g e s .S 3 5 . 0 0 .
fractogram patterns") in Chapter 4 and in tabular form as "(hkl)
Editor Walker has gathered together 34 selected papers on the
t a b l e s " w h i c h c o n t a i n t h e d - s p a c i n g si n C h a p t e r 5 . T h e s o u r c e so f
g e o c h e m i s t r yo f b o r o n , w h i c h h e h a s d i v i d e d i n t o n i n e s e c t i o n s :
the data for Chapter 5 are as follows: 297 ftom the original liter-
I Early Work; ll. Boron in Igneous Rocks; IIL Boron in Meta-
ature or quoted by others in the original literature;59 from the
m o r p h i c R o c k s ; I V . B o r o n i n S e d i m e n t a r yR o c k s ; V . B o r o n i n
Powder Diffraction Files of the Joint Committee on Powder Dif-
t h e H y d r o s p h e r e ;V I L a b o r a t o r y I n v e s t i g a t i o n so f B o r o n i n S i l i -
f r a c t i o n S t a n d a r d s ,4 l f r o m B r o w n ( 1 9 6 1 ) . S e v e n t a b l e s o f d a t a
cate Structures; Vll. Boron as an Environmental Indicator;
h a v e n o r e f e r e n c ea t a l l , a n d t h e r e a r e l 9 v a c a n t t a b l e s ,s o m e w i t h
V l l l . I s o t o p e G e o c h e m i s t r yo f B o r o n ; I X . G e o c h e m i c a lC y c l e o f
n a m e s a s s i g n e ds u c h a s N o . 1 6 3 ,s i d e r o p h y l l i t e .A b o u t 8 0 p e r c e n t
Boron. Also includedis an Author Citation Index and a Subject
of the data are pre-1970
I n d e x O f t h e 3 4 p a p e r s ,l 0 w e r e e s p e c i a l l yt r a n s l a t e df o r t h i s w o r k
S o m e o f t h e n o m e n c l a t u r ei n t h i s v o l u m e w i l l n o t b e a c c e p t e db y
f r o m t h e o r i g i n a l l a n g u a g eo f p u b l i c a t i o n , p r i n c i p a l l y G e r m a n a n d
m i n e r a l o g i s t sT. he title of this book is confusing-"Phyllosilicates
F r e n c h , t h u s m a k i n g t h e m a v a i l a b l et o t h o s e w i t h l i m i t e d f o r e i g n
a n d c l a y m i n e r a l s" C l a y m i n e r a l s a r e p h y l l o s i l i c a t e s ! T ! he hydro-
l a n g u a g et r a i n i n g . S o m e o f t h e p a p e r s a r e c o m p l e t e a s o r i g i n a l l y
mica group, the montmorillonite-saponitegroup, the kaolinite
p u b l i s h e d , b u t m o s t a r e e x c e r p t s , c o n d e n s a t i o n s ,o r c o n d e n s e d
g r o u p , a n d t h e h a l l o y s i t es e r i e sa r e r e s p e c t i v e l yg r o u p s 7 , 8 , 1 0 , a n d
t r a n s l a t i o n s M a n y p e r t i n e n td a t a a r e o m i t t e d . O n e a r t i c l e a p p e a r s
I I i n t h e p h y l l o s i l i c a t ed i v i s i o n o f t h e c l a s s i f i c a t i o no f s i l i c a t e sb y
i n t h e o r i g i n a l F r e n c h ,w i t h a n E n g l i s hs u m m a r y . T h e e d i t o r c o m -
Strunz (1970, p 362). There is no clear-cut identification of varie-
ments on the papersand their authors, in groups of from I to 4;
t i e sa n d n a m e ss u c h a s a q u a c r e p t i t e c, h l o r i t i c m o n t m o r i l l o n i t e , a n d
these comments serveto tie together the papers in each group,
g h a s s o u l i t e ,w h i c h a r e n o t a c c e p t e d n o m e n c l a t u r e a n d a r e u s e d
giving background information on the authors and pointing out
h e r e p r e s u m a b l ya s s p e c i e sn a m e s .
differencesin interpretation. Each paper has its own referencelist.
T h o r e z h a s s p a r e dn o p a i n s i n p r e p a r i n gt h i s w o r k , a n d i t s h o u l d
Notably absentare any works of Soviet workers in the field.
p r o v e v e r y u s e f u li n l a b o r a t o r i e se n g a g e di n t h e r a p i d i d e n t i f i c a t i o n
T h e t i t l e i s u n f o r t u n a t e ,a s i t s h o u l d m o r e p r o p e r l y b e s o m e t h i n g
of large numbersof samples
such as Geochemistry of Boron, wilh Special Emphasis on the Rela-
The reviewer can readily appreciate the value of a French or
tionship betweenBoron and Paleosalinity Of the 34 papers, partial
German original on the same page or an opposite page with the
p a p e r s , a n d c o n d e n s a t i o n s ,n o t l e s s t h a n 2 l d e a l p r i m a r i l y w i t h
E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n f o r s u c h a w o r k a s a c l a s s i co f a n e a r l i e r e r a -
b o r o n i n s e d i m e n t sa n d i t s p a l e o s a l i n i t yi m p l i c a t i o n s ,t h e f i e l d o f
f o r t h e i d i o m a n d t e r m i n o l o g y o f l a n g u a g ed o c h a n g ew i t h t i m e . l t
s p e c i a l i z a t i o no f t h e e d i t o r . W h i l e t h i s i s a v e r y i m p o r t a n t f i e l d , i n
is difficult to understand why a bilingual edition of a modern
which there has been much activity in the last few decades,a work
c o m p i l a t i o n , s u c h a s t h e v o l u m e u n d e r r e v i e w ,w a s d e e m e dn e c e s -
with the general title of Geochemistryof Boron should not ignore
s a r y . T o d a y , E n g l i s hi s c o n s i d e r e dt h e s c i e n t i f i cl a n g u a g ef o r m u c h
the numerous other aspects of the subject, such as boron in the
of the world The price of this book is very high, $90 00 (approxi-
atmosphere, volcanic exhalations, soils, groundwater (fresh,
m a t e l y ) , a n d t h e i n c l u s i o n o f t h e t e x t i n F r e n c h c o n t r i b u t e ss i g n i f i -
b r i n e s , a n d o i l f i e l d b r i n e s ) ,c o a l , p e t r o l e u m , m e t a l l i c o r e d e p o s i t s
c a n t l y t o t h i s c o s t . T h e p r i c e w i l l b e a f a c t o r f o r m a n y u s e r s ,f o r
( e s p e c i a l l yi r o n ) , c a r b o n a t e s e d i m e n t s ,l u n a r m a t e r i a l s ,e t c . C o n -
t h e y w i l l h a v e t o d e c i d ei f i t i s j u s t i f i e d w h e n t h e y h a v e a t h a n d t h e
centrationsof boron are treated too briefly, in only one paper.
Powder Diffraction Files of the Joint Committee on Powder Dif-
B o r o n i n t h e h y d r o s p h e r e ,w h i l e t h e t i t l e o f o n e s e c t i o n o f t h r e e
f r a c t i o n S t a n d a r d s ,t h e t h r e e v o l u m e s o f t h e c l a y m i n e r a l o g yp u b -
papers,is actually limited to one paper on the boron content of
lished by the British Mineralogical Society, and such books as
s e v e r a lw e s t e r nU . S . c l o s e d - b a s i nl a k e sa n d t h e i r t r i b u t a r i e s .A l l o f
t h o s eo f C r i m ( 1 9 6 8 ) ,J a s m u n d( 1 9 5 5 ) ,C a r r o l l ( 1 9 7 0 ) ,a n d o t h e r s .
t h e r e m a i n i n g f r e s h - w a t e rs t r e a m sa n d g r o u n d w a t e r so f a l l k i n d s
The book carries a foreword by Professor Joe L. White of the
t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d a r e i g n o r e d .T h e b o r o n c o n t e n t o f s e aw a t e r
Department of Agronomy at Purdue University, who endorses
is treated briefly in several papers.
b o t h t h e s c h e m eo f i d e n t i f i c a t i o na n d t h e t a b u l a r t r e a t m e n t
S o m e p a p e r ss e e mt o b e m i s p l a c e d .F o r i n s t a n c e ,P a p e r N o . 1 5 ,
"Boron in Holocene lllites of the Dovey Estuary,Wales, and its
R e l a t i o n s h i pt o P a l e o s a l i n i t yi n C y c l o t h e m s " w o u l d f i t b e t t e r u n -
References
der the section entitled "Boron as an Environmental Indicator"
BnowN, Groncs, ED. (1961) The X-ray identifcation and uystal t h a n u n d e r " B o r o n i n t h e H y d r o s p h e r e , " w h e r e i t i s p l a c e d .T h e r e
structures of clay minerals, 2d ed. London, Mineralogical Society are others
of Creat Britain, 544 p. T h e p a p e r s n o t c o n c e r n e dw i t h b o r o n i n s e d i m e n t sa r e m o s t l y
C n n n o l L , D o n o r s y ( 1 9 7 0 ) C l a y m i n e r a l s :a g u i d e t o t h e i r X - r a y w e l l - c h o s e n ,b u t l i m i t e d i n n u m b e r a n d s c o p e .T h e r e a r e i n s t a n c e s
identification Geol Soc. Am. Spec. Pap 126,8O p. where another work would have been more informative. Such is
 820 BOOK REVIEW'S
t h e c a s ew i t h p a p e r N o . 3 0 , " B o r o n i n M e t e o r i t e s " b y M . S h i m a ,
which could have been replaced profitably with the one entitled
"Determination of Boron, Lithium, and Chlorine in Meteorites,"
(M. Quijano-Rico and H. Wiinke, in, Meteorite Research (P. M.
M i l m a n , E d . ) D R e i d e l P u b l i s h i n gC o m p a n y , D o r d r e c h r , 1 9 6 9 ,p .
132-145). The latter paper gives data for 57 meteorites of seven
types, as compared to six meteorites of three types (plus 5 analyses
f r o m G o l d s c h m i d t ) i n S h i m a ' sp a p e r . M o s t o f t h e d a t a i n S h i m a ' s
p a p e r a r e r e p e a t e di n h i s p a p e r N o . 2 8 , " G e o c h e m i c a l s t u d y o f
Boron Isotopes."
No significant paper concerning the isotope ratio toB/1rBin
b o r a t e m i n e r a l s i s i n c l u d e d i n t h i s v o l u m e , a n d s e v e r a la r e a v a i l -
a b l e ( A g y e i , E . K . a n d C . C . M c M u l l e n ( 1 9 6 8 ) C a n .J E a r t h S c i 5 ,
No. 4 (pt l), 921-927; Finley, H. D., A. R Eberle and C. J.
R o d d e n ( 1 9 6 2 ) G e o c h e m C o s m o c h e mA . cta,26,9l l-914; Thode,
H G , J. McNamara, F P. Lossing and C B. Collins(1948)J Am
Chem Soc 70. 3008-3001.
E d i t o r W a l k e r s t a t e s( p . 2 1 5 ) : " T h e c h e m i c a l d a t a p r e s e n t e di n
p a p e r 1 4 a r e i m p o r t a n t b e c a u s et h e y i n d i c a t e t h a t c o n t i n e n t a l
d e p o s i t so f i n t e r i o r b a s i n sa r e p r o b a b l y u n s u i t a b l ef o r f u n d a m e n t a l
s t u d i e so n t h e g e o c h e m i s t r yo f b o r o n . " T h i s s t a t e m e n ts e e m st o b e
a l i t t l e b r o a d , u n l e s st h e " f u n d a m e n t a l s t u d i e s " w e r e t o b e l i m i t e d
t o p a l e o s a l i n i t ya n d r e l a t e d s t u d i e s .
S o m e o f t h e p a p e r sw e r e i n c l u d e dp r i m a r i l y f o r t h e i r b i b l i o g r a -
p h y , a s s t a t e d b y t h e e d i t o r ; s o m e h a v e b e e n t o o s e v e r e l yc o n
d e n s e d , l e a v i n g o u t s i g n i f i c a n t d a t a T h i s v o l u m e r e p r e s e n t sa
substantial contribution Io Ihe Benchmark series;perhaps a second
s i m i l a r v o l u m e o n B o r o n G e o c h e m i s t r yw o u l d b e i n o r d e r , p r e s e n t -
i n g t h e i m p o r t a n t a s p e c t so f t h e s u b j e c tw h i c h w e r e e x c l u d e df r o m
t h e p r e s e n tv o l u m e
VrNcgNr MoncnN
Boron, California
GEMS: THEIR SOURCES, DESCRIPTIONS AND IDENTI-
FICATION. By Robert Webster. Archon Books, Hamden,
C o n n e c t i c u t , 1 9 7 5 .9 3 1 p a g e s .$ 5 0 . 0 0
T h i s w e i g h t y ( 5 l b . ) c o m p e n d i u m o f g e m m o l o g y c o n t a i n sw i t h i n
i t s 9 3 1 p a g e sa c o m p r e h e n s i v et r e a t m e n t o f g e m s t o n e s( b o t h n a t u -
r a l a n d s y n t h e t i c )a n d o t h e r i m p o r t a n t o r n a m e n t a lm a t e r i a l s .I t i s a
very practical book, but not tediouslywritten as many such cata-
l o g i c w o r k s a r e . A p a r t f r o m a s c o r e o f d e l i g h t f u l c o l o r p l a t e s ,i t i s
o n l y m o d e r a t e l y i l l u s t r a t e d ,s u f f e r i n g f r o m a n o t a b l e l a c k o f u p -
d a t i n g , e s p e c i a l l yi n t h e a r e a o f s c i e n t i f i ci n s t r u m e n t a t i o n
T h e f i r s t c h a p t e ro n " T h e O r i g i n a n d R e c o v e r yo f G e m s t o n e s "i s
w e a k , b u t h o w m u c h c a n b e s a i d a b o u t t h e s t r u c t u r eo f t h e e a r t h ,
t h e o r i g i n s , c o m p o s i t i o n s a n d t e x t u r e so f i g n e o u s ,m e t a m o r p h i c
a n d s e d i m e n t a r yr o c k s , g r o u n d w a t e r , " g e m b e l t s , " a n d m i n i n g
methods in less than twelve pages?In fact the fifteen chapters that
f o l l o w v e r y a d e q u a t e l y a n d i n t e r e s t i n g l ys p e a k t o t h e d e t a i l s o f
o r i g i n a n d r e c o v e r y o f t h e g e m m i n e r a l s , g l a s s e s ,a n d r o c k s b y
l o c a l i t y , a s w e l l a s d e s c r i b i n gt h e i r u n i q u e c h e m i c a l a n d p h y s i c a l
p r o p e r t i e s .S p e c i a la t t e n t i o n i s a c c o r d e d t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i cd i f f e r -
e n c e s b e t w e e n n a t u r a l s t o n e s a n d s y n t h e t i c s .T h e s e c h a p t e r s d e -
scribe diamond, ruby and sapphire, emerald, aquamarrne and
o t h e r b e r y l s ,c h r y s o b e r y la n d s p i n e l ,t o p a z a n d t o u r m a l i n e ,z i r c o n ,
peridot and spodumene, the garnets, moonstone and other feldspar
gemstonesg , e m s o f t h e s i l i c a g r o u p i n c l u d i n g a m e t h y s t ,a g a t e a n d
o p a l , t u r q u o i s e a n d l a p i s - l a z u l i ,t h e j a d e s , m a r c a s i t ea n d h e m a t i t e ,
t h e n a t u r a l g l a s s e sm , a r b l e , a n d l e s s e rk n o w n o r n a m e n t a l a n d g e r h
materials. They are filled with interesting historical tidbits and
m u c h p r a c t i c a lw i s d o m , f l o w i n g s m o o t h l y f r o m t h e p e n o f a w i d e l y
traveled and experienced gemmologist. The professional miner-
a l o g i s t i s l i k e l y t o b e d i s a p p o i n t e dw i t h t h e l a c k o f s c i e n t i f i c d e p t h
and occasional errors (staurolite formula: 2,AlSiOrFe(OH)r; twin-
n i n g a s a c a u s eo f i r i d e s c e n tc o l o r s i n l a b r a d o r i t e ) .B u t a l t h o u g h i t
of necessitytraversesmuch the same territory covered in a miner-
alogy text, Gems is not written for the mineralogist. It is intended
for the gemmologist, the jeweler, and the gem collector. [n that
respect, it is priced (at $50) well within reach of those who can
afford gemstones on today's market.]
F o l l o w i n g t h e s ed e s c r i p t i v ec h a p t e r sa r e m o r e t h a n o n e h u n d r e d
p a g e s o f d i s c u s s i o no f s y n t h e t i c a n d i m i t a t i o n g e m s t o n e s ,c o m -
p o s i t e a n d a r t i f i c i a l l y c o l o r e d s t o n e s ,a n d g e m c u t t i n g a n d p o l i s h -
i n g . T h e s e m a k e f o r e x c e l l e n tr e a d i n g a n d m i g h t w e l l s a v e e v e n a
" p r o f e s s i o n a l " m i n e r a l o g i s t f r o m e v e n t u a l e m b a r r a s s m e n tw h e n
p u r c h a s i n ga b a u b l e f o r h i s l a d y .
P e a r l s - t h e i r c u l t i v a t i o n a n d i m i t a t i o n ; c o r a l s , s h e l l s ,a n d o p e r -
cula;amberandjet; and ivory and tortoise-shella s r e t h e s u b j e c t so f
c h a p t e r s2 l t h r o u g h 2 4 . A m i n e r a l o g i s tm a y f i n d t h e s ep a r t i c u l a r l y
f a s c i n a t i n g ,a s I d i d , b e c a u s eh e c o m e s t o t h e m u n s p o i l e d b y t h e
p r e j u d i c eb r e d o f p r o f e s s i o n a l i s m .
M y o n l y s e r i o u sc r i t i c i s m o f t h i s b o o k i s r e s e r v e df o r t h e n e x t
250 pages which cover the subjects of crystallography and crystal
s t r u c t u r e ,p h y s i c a lp r o p e r t i e s ,a n d t h e t e c h n i q u e so f e x a m i n i n g a n d
i d e n t i f y i n g g e m s t o n e s( i n c l u d i n g o p t i c a l m i c r o s c o p y , X - r a y a n d
e l e c t r o n d i f f r a c t i o n , l u m i n e s c e n c ea, n d o p t i c a l s p e c t r o s c o p y )T . he
revisions attempted since the first edition of 1962 are at once both
o b v i o u s a n d t r i v i a l . I t i s c l e a r t h a t e v e n t h e 1 9 6 2e d i t i o n w a s b a d l y
o u t d a t e d , a n d i t i s u n f o r t u n a t e t h a t t h i s c o m p r e h e n s i v ew o r k h a s
not been modernized to keep apace of routinely available tech-
nology. "Lauegrams" receive more attention than powder diffrac-
tometry; other single crystal methods are unmentioned. X-ray
fluorescenceand microprobe analysis together get less space than
the Coolidge tube.
The appendices include a plethora of identification tables-fifty
pages of them. The bibliography is scanty (5 pages), but the
g l o s s a r yo f u n u s u a l n a m e s i s e x h a u s t i v e .T h e v o l u m e i s v e r y w e l l
indexed.
I n s u m m a r y , t h i s i s t h e b e s ta n d m o s t c o m p l e t eE n g l i s h - l a n g u a g e
b o o k o n g e m m o l o g y t h a t I a m a w a r e o f I t s s h o r t - c o m i n g sa r e
likely to be of far less importance to the professional gemmologist
o r j e w e l e r t h a n t h e y a r e t o t h e m i n e r a l o g i s t ,w h o s h o u l d n o t h a v e
to read many of the latter chapters in any case Gems: Their
Sources, Description and ldentificatior is an especially valuable
b o o k i n t h o s es e c t i o n sw h i c h d e a l w i t h t h e s o u r c e s d , e s c r i p t i o na n d
identificationof gems. I recommend it for that reason,and if a
geology library can afford only one book on gemstones, I suggest
t h a t t h i s o n e b e s e r i o u s l yc o n s i d e r e d .
P e u LH . R t s s s
Vi rgi nia PoIy technicI nstitute
andState Uniuersity
 BOOK REVIEWS

List of BooksReceived

LAND USE IN ADVANCING AGRICULTURE. By A. P. A Vink. AdvancedSeriesin Agricultural

Sciences, New York, 1975.x -t 394pages,
volume l. Springer-Verlag, 94 figures,I I 5 tables.$25.g0.

MINERAL SCIENCESINVESTIGATIONS,1972-1973. Editedby GeorgeS. Switzer.Smithsonian

Contributionsto the Earth Sciences,
No. 14.Washington,
D.C., 1975.iv + 88 pages,I color plate.
$2.50.

MULTIVARIATE STATISTICALMETHODS:AMONG-GROUPSCOVARIATION. Ediredby Wit-

liam R. Atchleyand EdwinH. Bryant.In theseriesBenchmark
Papersin Systematicand Evolutionary
Biology/I.SeriesEditor,HowellV. Daly. Dowden,Hutchisonand Ross,tnc , Stroudsburg,
Pennsyl-
vania,1975.xv -t 464pages.$27.00

OIL FROM COAL. By FrancisW. Richardson.

NoyesDataCorporation,
ParkRidge,New Jersey,
1975
xi + 387pages.$36.00.

OIL FROM SHALE AND TAR SANDS By EdwardM. Perrini.NoyesDataCorporation,

ParkRidge,
New Jersey,1975.x + 307 pages.$36.00.

oNToGENIYA MINERALoV (ontogenyof Minerals).By D. p crigoriev and A. c. Zhabin.

Publishing
HouseNauka,Moscow,1975.339
pages,236figures.2.23rubles(approximately
$3.00).

PLANATION SURFACES Peneplains, Pediplains,

and Etchplains.Editedby GeorgeF. Adams.Vol.
22 in the seriesBenchmarkPapersin Geology.SeriesEditor, RhodesW. Fairbridge.Dowden,
Hutchisonand Ross,Inc.,Stroudsburg,
Pennsylvania,1975.
xv * 476pages.$28.00.

P R I N C I P L E SO F R O C K C L A S S I F I C A T I O NB. y K a r l A . R i g i s C a r l t o nP r e s sl .n c . ,1 9 7 5 . 3 1p a g e s .
$3.00+ 30phandlingfrom carlton Press,Inc.,84 Fifth Avenue.New york, New york l00ll

SURTSEY By SturlaFridriksson. HalstedPress,

JohnWileyandSons,New York andToronto,1975.vi
+ 1 9 8p a g e s$. 1 4 . 9 5 .

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