ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM

Harshavardhan .D. Karale Manish Patil

harsh99karale@gmail.com manish0806@gmail.com
Mechanical Department Mechanical Department
Pillai HOC Polytechnic, Rasayani Pillai HOC Polytechnic, Rasayani

1. ABSTRACT

Electromagnetic braking means applying brakes using electronic and magnetic power. Here
we use the principle of electromagnetism to achieve friction less braking. This tends to
increase the life span and reliability of brakes since no friction leads to less wearing out of
brakes. Also it requires less maintenance and oiling. This is an upcoming technological
replacement for traditional braking systems. The main purpose behind the proposed use of
these brakes in vehicles is that it is frictionless. This leads to a sizably less maintenance cost
due to no friction and no oiling. Also traditional braking systems are prone to slipping while
this one is guaranteed to apply brakes to the vehicle. So without friction or need of lubrication
this technology is a preferred replacement for traditional braking. Also it is quite smaller in
size compared to the traditional braking systems.

To make electromagnetic brakes work, a magnetic flux when passed in a direction

perpendicular to the rotating direction of the wheel, we see eddy current flowing in a
direction opposite to the rotation of the wheel. This creates an opposing force to the wheel
rotation and in turn slows down the wheel. Thus we achieve electromagnetic braking as a
better braking system for future automobiles.

2. INTRODUCTION
.
In this project we are trying to make a breaking
system, which will we applicable for 2 as well
as 4 wheeler vehicles at high speed and low
maintenance cost. Here we are using an
electromagnetic coil and a plunger. There is al
electromagnetic effect which moves the plunger in
the braking direction.
When electricity is applied to the field, it creates an
internal magnetic flux. That flux is transferred into a
hysteresis disk passing through a field. The hysteresis
disk is attached to the brake shaft. Magnetic drag on
the hysteresis disk allows for a constant drag, or
eventual stoppage of output shaft.
 This project intends to design and
implementation of new system for braking
in Automobile.
 The design of new brakes is based upon the
phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
and eddy currents.
 The design basically consists of very strong
magnet and rotating metallic wheel.
 The wheel develops eddy currents due to
change in magnetic flux associated to the
wheel due to its rotation.
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT.
Very useful braking system as compared to
normal drum as well as disc brakes.
Brakes usually takes time to stop the vehicle,
but electromagnetic brakes stops the vehicle
I a short span of time.
These brakes are friction less whereas
normal brakes, which in short means no
contact of brakes and tyres.
Normal brakes have a short life span but
magnetic brakes have a large life span.
4. LITERATURE SURVEY
Need of electromagnetic brake arises where
the brake remains in engaged position for
more time than in disengaged position, thus
it saves a lot of electricity power that is
being used in the standard electromagnetic
brake.
Moreover machine designers are more
aware of and desirous of building machines
with a high safety. Machines that remains
 safe even in a power failure can be strong
selling point in the industries. In
applications where the brake is engaged
more than it is disengaged, al electrically
released brake can an energy saving device.
It uses no energy to be engaged only to be
released. Reductions of weight and the
number of parts could also lead to a
reduction of cost. So the effective
production cost decreases.
Power-off brake, the brake is ideally suited
for load stopping and holding applications as
conveyors, machine tools (Eg. Lathe
machine), Robotics and overhead scooters.
The brake instantly stops the load when the
electric power is removed or the motor fails.
Hence preventing further damage. In the
industries when the brake is engaged more
than it is disengaged, an electrically released
brake can be an energy saving device.
5. BUDGET
Sr. No. Components Material Cost
1. Wheel Rubber
pneumatic
2. Chains Roller
chain
3. Shafts Drive
shafts
4. Supporting Iron rods
frame
6. OBJECTIVE
The brakes are one of the most important
control components of vehicle. They are
required to stop the vehicle within the
smallest possible distance and this is done
by converting the kinetic energy of the
vehicle into the heat energy which is
dissipated into the atmosphere.
 Replacing the conventional
braking system.
 Less cost with greater
performance.
 No need for maintenance
and/or replacement.
7. METHODOLOGY
A wheel is constructed by attaching a paper disc by
an axle to a small motor. In the first part of the
experiment, the wheel was covered with aluminum
foil. A strong magnet was held up to the spinning disk
of aluminum to induce an eddy current in the foil.
The induced current opposed the motion of the disk,
creating a brake like effect. Next, a mechanical brake
was applied to the wheel to compare the braking
efficiency. The goal of the second part of my
experiment was to create a generator from the
electromagnetic brake. The wheel was covered
diagonally with four strips of aluminum foil. Copper
wire brushes at the terminals of a voltmeter made
contact with the aluminum strips. As the wheel spun,
the voltmeter measured any voltage in the strips. The
magnet was applied to the wheel five times to test the
amount of generated voltage.
8.WORKING PRINCIPLE
Electromagnetic brake works on the
principle of electromagnetism. They are
totally friction-less. Due to this they have
longer life-span and durable. Less
maintenance is required in these brakes. It
can be used as supplementary brakes and can
also use to stops rotating shafts of high-
grade machines in industries. This brake
uses both eddy current and attraction force
of magnet to stop vehicle. Eddy current is
used to retard the vehicle while magnetic
force is used to bring vehicle to rest. This
braking is based on attraction property of
magnets. So when the rotor moves between
the caliper, the electromagnets in the caliper
attract the permanent magnet in rotor. Since,
electromagnets in caliper are fixed; they try
to rotate the rotor in opposite direction i.e.
decelerating it. The deceleration is done by
increasing magnetic field by increasing
current supply to the electromagnets. The
current supply for electromagnets in caliper
is done by wiring through caliper to battery.
The middle portion of rotor has structure like
circular thick plate and strong electromagnet
is placed in front of it. The clearance
between rotor middle part and electromagnet
is less. While driving a car, strong
electromagnet positioned in front of rotor
middle portion is turned on, thus forming a
magnetic flux. This magnetic flux is
perpendicularly introduced into rotor. An
eddy current is thus induced in the
customized rotor due to the Faraday’s law.
A Lorentz force is generated by the relative
action between the eddy current and the
magnetic flux, thus forming a braking
torque. Eddy current does not decelerate
vehicle at low speed. That`s why projected
brake is combination of both magnetic force
and eddy current.

9. CONCLUSION
With all the advantages of electromagnetic brakes
over friction brakes, they have been widely used on
heavy vehicle developed for application on lighter
vehicles. The concept designed by us is just a
prototype and needs to be developed more because of
the above mentioned disadvantages. These
electromagnetic brakes can be used as an auxiliary
braking system along with the friction braking system
to avoid overheating and brake failure. ABS usage
can be neglected by simply using a micro controlled
electromagnetic disk brake system .These find vast
applications in heavy vehicles where high heat
dissipation is required. In rail coaches it can used in
combination of disc brake to bring the trains moving
in high speed. When these brakes are combined it
increases the life of brake and act like fully loaded
brakes. These electromagnetic brakes can be used in
wet conditions which eliminate the anti skidding
equipment, and cost of these brake are cheaper than
the other types. Hence the braking force produced in
this is less than the disc brakes if can be used as a
secondary or emergency braking system in the
automobiles. les where the „brake fading‟ problem
exists. The same concept is being.

10. REFERENCE

http://nevonprojects.com/electromagnetic-braking-
system/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_brake
#Applications
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_brake
#Applications