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Overview Overview
1. Syntax 2. Morphology
– Constituents – Affixation
– Movement – Inflection and derivation
– Word formation processes
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Overview Overview
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1
Overview Overview
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Constituents Constituents
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2
Constituents Constituents
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Constituents Constituents
Movement Movement
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3
Movement Movement
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• Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious • Supercalifragilisticexpialido
Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious
cious
• Atro
Atrocious
cious
• Preten
Pretentious
tious
• Deli
Delicious
cious
• Sala
Salacious
cious
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Affixation - prefixes Inflection and derivation
• Super
Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious
califragilisticexpialidocious • Eat, eats, eating, ate
• Sleep, sleeps, sleeping, slept
• Super
Super--size
• Round,
Round rounder,
rounder roundest
• Super
Superlative
lative • Eat, edible, inedible
• Super
Supercede
cede • Sleep, asleep, sleepy
• Super
Superficial
ficial • Round, around, roundabout
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Word--formation processes
Word Overview
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• Phonetics is the study of speech sounds; • Phonology is the study of the sound
how they are produced in the vocal tract system of a language; how the particular
(articulatory phonetics), their physical sounds contrast in each language to form
properties (acoustic phonetics), and how an integrated system for encoding
they are perceived (auditory phonetics). information and how such systems differ
from one language to another.
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Phonetics Phonology
• What sounds have you heard in other • How does the pronunciation of s differ in
languages that are not in English? “he talk
talkss” and “she snores
snores”?
• Exactly how do you move your articulators • What English sounds never occur at the
to pronounce the tt in butter?
butter? beginning
b i i off words?
d ?
• How can you say That looks interesting as
• What two English sounds are often
– A statement?
confused when they are heard on the
– A question?
telephone? – Ironically?
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Semantics Overview
• Anomalous sentences 1. Syntax
– Colorless green ideas sleep furiously. 2. Morphology
• Contradictions 3
3. Phonetics and Phonology
– The fertilizer killed the plant but it didn’t die.
• Presuppositions 4. Semantics
– Would you like another sandwich? 5. Ambiguity
• Metaphor 6. Descriptive and Prescriptive Rules of
– That class was a long haul. Grammar
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What is Ambiguity? Lexical Ambiguity
• The property of words or sentences of having • The crane fell over.
more than one meaning.
• That’s a good pitch.
• Words with more than one meaning are said to
b lexically
be l i ll ambiguous
bi (
(e.g., bank
b k or crane).
crane).
) • Doctor Testifies In Horse Suit
Phrases with more than one meaning because of
the structure of the phrase are said to be
syntactically ambiguous (e.g., Flying planes can
be dangerous).
dangerous).
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Summary
1. Syntax
2. Morphology
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3. Phonetics and Phonology
4. Semantics
5. Ambiguity
6. Descriptive and Prescriptive Rules of
Grammar
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