ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

CENG 3103
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Instructor – Abraham Assefa (Eng.) Oct. 2009
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
Course Outline

1. Introduction 5. Building Construction Elements

Foundation and Basement
2. Building Drawings
Floors
3. Building Structural Systems
Exterior and Interior Closures:

Reinforced Concrete Structures Walls

Stairs

Steel Framed Structures

Elevators

Prefabricated Building
Doors and Windows
Systems
Roofs

Shell and Dome Structures
Finishing
4. Planning of Buildings
Damp – Prevention

Fire Places
5. Building Construction
Formwork and Scaffolding
Elements
Sanitary Systems
6. Health and Safety in
Fire and Life Protection
Building Construction
Mechanical Systems

Electrical Systems
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
Chapter 2 – Building Drawings

 Presentation Outline

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Drawing Equipments

2.3 Drawing Papers

2.4 Drawing for Residential Classification

2.5 Working Drawings

 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.1 Introduction
4

Construction Industry uses mainly drawings and specifications for

communication.
Drawings present the pictorial view of the building items, with
brief written descriptions and
Specification presents the technical details, method of fabrication,
test, measurement and related details
Civil and Architectural Drawings – Similar to Mechanical Drawings
except they use
Line Techniques
Various Templates
Dimensioning
AUTO CAD – Drafting
Necessary trainings shall be taken
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.2 Drawing Equipments
6

The manual production of drawings requires:

Drawing Board/Table
Size of 50 x 62 cm (A2)
Drawing Paper
Drawing Paper, Tracing Paper, Blue Print
Drawing Pencils
Very Soft (6B) to Very Hard ( 9 H)
Writing and Lettering - Medium Pencil (HB or F)
Drawings – Hard Pencil (2H)
Ruler (cm or mm), T – Square, Set Square (45º or 30º/60º)
Accessories - Eraser, Drawing Tape, Templates
CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.2 Drawing Equipments
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.3 Drawing Papers
10

Drawings shall be
in conformance to
International and
National
Standards.
Standard Paper
formats are
derived from a
rectangular
drawing of 1m2.
A, B and C
A – Construction Using Golden Triangle (X = 0.841 m
B & C – Envelopes, and Y = 1.189 m)
Posters, Folders X * Y = 1 and X:Y = 1 : √2
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.3 Drawing Papers
11
Based on International Standards(ISO):
Common Sizes are – A1 and A2
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.3 Drawing Papers
12

Side Margin - 3 – 5 cm shall be provided for fastening tape

of drawing pins
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.3 Drawing Papers
13

Title Block –
150 mm x 100 mm

Information: Design
Office (Name), Project Title
(Name and Place), Drawing
Type, Designer (Name),
Drawn By(Name), Checked
By(Name), Date of
Completion, Scales and
Drawings Numbers
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.3 Drawing Papers
 Folding Schemes
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.3 Drawing Papers
 Folding Schemes
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.3 Drawing Papers
 Folding Schemes
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.3 Drawing Papers
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Drawings shall be properly numbered:

AR,
ST,
SN,
EL,
AC,
DT,
ID..etc
Capital Letters shall be used for all titles and sub- titles
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
18

Typical Drawings for Residential Buildings:

Title Deed
Site Plan
Sketch
Working
Detailed
Construction and Installation Drawings
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
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Site Plan Proximity to the Road

Location of building Scale 1:100 or 1:200
North Direction shall be clearly
Dimension of Perimeter indicated
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
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Sketch Drawings
Preliminary Drawings indicating concerns and details
May include plan of important storey, one or more elevations and cross section of
building
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 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
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Detailed
Drawings
Show specific
details: Stair
Cases, Gutter
Down Pipe,
Foundation
details, etc
Scale – 1:1.
1:5, 1:10 or
1:20
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
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Construction Drawings
Prepared mainly for foundation works, construction of steels, concrete,
roofing and wood works and Approval by designer and RE
24

Installation
Drawings
Prepared
mainly for
Sanitary and
Electrical
Installations
Scale of
1:50 is
preferred
25

Sanitary DWG
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
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Working Drawings
Prepared mainly for Architectural Designs
Floor Plans, Elevation, Sectional Drawings
1. Floor Plans –
Interior Space - Cutting section 1.2m High
Steps for Preparation
Start laying center line of walls
Mark window and door openings
March wall thickness
Locate furniture position
Indicate material type
Add measurements and Other details
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
 Floor Plans
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
 Standard Dimensioning
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
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2. Elevation Plans –
Exterior Space
Orthographic Drawings of the building exterior
Front, Rear, Left and Right
North, South, West and East Elevations
Steps for Preparation
Project Vertical Lines – Lines with overall width and length
Project Horizontal Lines – Which represent the height of the eave
line, ridgeline, and chimney line, line aboveground level, etc
Locate Roof Lines – Ridge and Eave Line
Add Elevation Symbols
Give Elevation Dimensions
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
 Standard Heights
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
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3. Sectional Plans –
Revel the internal construction of an object
Architectural Sections – Entire Structure (Full Section) or for
specific parts (Detail Section)
Size and Complexity of the building usually determines the
number of drawings
3.1. Full Section
Longitudinal or Transverse (Scale of 1:50)
Cutting Plane
Cutting Line and Arrows – Two dashed lines
3.2. Detail Section
Use of break lines
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Full Section
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
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Detail Section
Construction Symbols
Construction Symbols
Construction Symbols
Construction Symbols
Construction Symbols
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
2.4 Drawing for Residential Buildings
41

Typical Drawings for Residential Buildings:

Architectural – Site Plan, Floor Plan, Elevation, Section, Details
Structural – Foundation (Footing, Foundation Column, Ground
Floor Slab, Retaining Walls), Upper Floor (Slabs, Beams,
Columns), Shear Walls, Truss (Layout, Truss Details, Connection
Details)
Sanitary - Water Supply (Cold and Hot), Waste Water, Storm
Water, Risers
Electrical - Socket, Switch, Lighting, Voice, Riser, Distribution
Boards