Employer Doc. No.

NSRP Contractor Doc. No.

Complex Project Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical S-000-1274-0002V
Limited Liability Company
Nghi Son, Vietnam Rev. 1 Page 1 of 22

Employer Contract No.: , Contractor JOB Code: 0-6495-20 Date: 22/SEP/14

Materials Requirements for Pressurised Equipment and

Piping

Unit No.: 000

Unit Abbreviation.: Not Applicable

Document Class: X

Issue Purpose For Construction

Rev Date Page Description Prep'd Chk'd App'd

11, 12, Followed Employer’s comments and

1 22/SEP/2014 J.M. T.K. T.K.
and 21 updates
0 24/OCT/2013 19-21 Issued for Construction M.T. T.K. T.K.
A 28/JUN/13 All First issue M.T. T.K. T.K.

Operation Centre JOB Code: Operation Centre Doc. No.:

Responsible Company Prepared by Checked by Approved by
JVD J.Miyashita T.Kiso T.Kiso

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CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Scope and Purpose .............................................................................................................................3
1.2 Scope and Purpose .............................................................................................................................3
2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ................................................................................................................3
2.1 International Codes, Standards and Specifications ........................................................................3
2.2 Project Specifications .........................................................................................................................4
3 GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................5
4 CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS ................................................................................................7
4.1 Carbon Steels .......................................................................................................................................7
4.2 Low Alloy Steels ..................................................................................................................................9
5 STAINLESS STEELS..........................................................................................................................11
5.1 300 Series Austenitic Stainless Steels ............................................................................................11
5.2 Duplex Stainless Steels ....................................................................................................................13
5.3 400 Series Martensitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels......................................................................14
6 NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS ..................................................................................................................14
7 TITANIUM............................................................................................................................................15
8 CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOY (CRA) CLAD COMPONENTS...................................................15
9 REINFORCED THERMOSETTING RESIN PIPING (RTRP) AND COMPONENTS ..........................16
10 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC SERVICES ..............................................................16
10.1 Low Temperature Service .................................................................................................................16
10.2 Wet H2S Service .................................................................................................................................17
10.3 Amine Service ....................................................................................................................................20
10.4 Caustic Service ..................................................................................................................................21
10.5 Deaerator Service ..............................................................................................................................22

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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope and Purpose
This Specification outlines the minimum requirements for the specification of materials in the
design, procurement and construction of pressure boundary materials of equipment items and
piping systems for the project. Particular material grades and supplementary requirements for
equipment and piping materials in ‘Special Fluid Services’ are addressed.
The purpose of this specification is an aid to the selection of material grades, carbon and low alloy
steels corrosion allowances and, if applicable, heat treatments and testing requirements, in the
compilation of mechanical equipment data sheets and the pipe class specification sheets.
This specification also provides supplementary information on materials requirements to that
stated on the project Materials Selection Diagrams (MSDs) and Materials Selection Report. This
specification does not cover the other corrosion control methods complementary to materials
selection and nor does it consider materials requirements for vessel internal fittings and
non-pressurised external attachments.
This specification should be read in conjunction with other project equipment specifications for
pressure vessels, heat exchangers, furnaces and packaged equipment and piping specifications.
Reference is also made to project specifications for welded fabrications.

1.2 Scope and Purpose

1.2.1 Requirements within Non-Licensed Process, Utilities and Offsites Units
In any case of a conflict in a stated material requirement for a pressurised equipment item or
piping class within a non-licensed process unit, Utility or Offsite unit between this specification and
another project specification or applicable International Standard or Code, then more stringent
requirement shall take precedence.

1.2.2 Requirements within Licensed Units

In any case of conflict in a material requirement for a pressurised equipment item or piping class
between that defined in a Licensor PDP and this specification, then the Licensor requirement shall
take precedence.

2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
2.1 International Codes, Standards and Specifications
 ASME V ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code: Non-destructive Examination
 ASME Sec. VIII Divs. 1&2 Rules & Alternative Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
 ASTM A20 General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels
 ASTM A387 Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel,
Chromium-Molybdenum
 ASTM A516 Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for
Moderate and Lower Temperatures
 ASTM A264 Standard Specification for Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel Clad
Plate

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 ASTM A265 Standard Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Clad Steel Plate
 ASTM A578 Specification for Straight-beam Ultrasonic Examination of Plain and
Clad Steel plates for Special Application
 NACE MR0103 Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in Corrosive
Petroleum Refining Environments
 NACE Pub. 8X194 Materials and Fabrication Practices for New Pressure Vessels Used
in Wet H2S Refinery Service
 NACE SP0403 Avoiding Caustic Stress Cracking of Carbon Steel Refinery
Equipment & Piping
 NACE RP0472 Methods and Controls to Prevent In-Service Environmental Cracking
of Carbon Steel Weldments in Corrosive Petroleum Refining
Environments
 NACE RP0170 Protection of Austenitic Stainless Steel and other Austenitic Alloys
from Polythionic Acid Stress Corrosion Cracking During Shutdown of
Refinery Equipment
 NACE RP0198 The control of Corrosion Under Thermal insulation and Fireproofing
Materials
 API RP 934 API Recommended Practice 934, First Edition, December 2000,
Materials and Fabrication Requirements for 2¼Cr-1Mo & 3Cr-1Mo
Steel Heavy wall pressure Vessels for High Temperature, High
Pressure Hydrogen Service
 API 938 C Use of Duplex Stainless Steels in the Oil Refining Industry
 API RP 941 API Recommended Practice 941, Sixth Edition, March 2004, “Steels
for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in
Petroleum Refineries and Petrochemical Plants”.
 API RP 945 API Recommended Practice 945, Third Edition, June 2003, “Avoiding
Environmental Cracking in Amine Units”.
 API 610 Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum Heavy Duty Chemical and Gas
Industry Services.
 API RP 582 Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil and Gas industries,
 API RP 571 Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining
Industry-First Edition
 API 530 Fired Heaters
 ISO 14692 Parts 1-4 Petroleum and Natural gas Industries – Glass Reinforced Plastics
Piping

2.2 Project Specifications

 S-000-1220-0001V Basic Engineering Design Data (BEDD)
 S-000-1351-0001V General Requirements for Welded Unfired Pressure Vessels
 S-000-1353-0002V General Requirements for Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers
 S-000-1353-0001V General Requirements for Air cooled Heat Exchangers

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 S-000-1356-0001V Fired Heaters

 3550-8410-SP-0001 Centrifugal Pumps for Heavy Duty Services
 3550-8440-SP-0018 Supplementary Welding Requirements to API 582
 3550-8440-SP-0019-0024 Addenda welding specifications to 3550-8440-SP-0018
 3550-8440-SP-0025 General Requirements for Pipework Fabrication
 3550-8440-SP-0028-0030 Positive Materials Identification Project Specifications

3 GENERAL
Materials shall be new, and specified and procured in accordance with the requirements of the
code and this Engineering Specification as follows:
3.1.1 The mechanical properties of materials shall be determined on test specimens prepared from each
plate, pipe, forging or Lot in the specified heat treatment condition.
3.1.2 Only material specifications in accordance with ASME Section IIA or IIB or agreed alternative
equivalents to recognised international specifications may be used for pressure vessels and heat
exchangers. Additional materials and testing requirements which are more stringent than those
stated in the ASME IIA/IIB code may also be imposed by Employer or Licensor.
3.1.3 Only material specifications complying with the requirements of ASME B16.5 and B31.3 may be
used for pressurised process, offsites and utilities piping and closed drain systems.
3.1.4 Any alternative materials to those specified by this Project Specification shall be subject to specific
Employer review and approval prior to approval of design.
3.1.5 All pressure retaining components shall be supplied with a material test report (MTR), Type 3.1, in
accordance with EN 10204/ISO 10704. Only original material test reports (MTR) from the source
of supply shall be acceptable for plate, custom-made forgings and pipework components supplied
directly from the mill.
3.1.6 For custom-made forgings, the original MTR for the raw billet shall accompany the MTR for the
processed forging. For components supplied from stock, MTRs shall be stamped with “Certified
True Copy” by the stockist as representing the MTR from the source of supply.
3.1.7 Sufficient additional material shall be supplied for testing from each plate, forging, casting or
tubular product when:
 The equipment vendor is equipped and elects to perform the final heat treatment required by
the material specification or this Engineering Specification
 Where mechanical testing is required after any forming operation
 Production test plates are required
 Welding procedure qualification tests on production material are specified
 Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) tests are required in accordance with Section 10.2.8
3.1.8 When heat treatment is specified by the material specification, this Specification or Project
Welding Specification 3550-8440-SP-0018 (Table 3), the heat treatment shall be performed as a
separate operation from any manufacturing, hot working or forming operation.
3.1.9 All custom-made forgings shall meet the following requirements:

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 Forgings shall be brought as nearly as possible to the finished shape and size by hot working
and shall be processed to cause metal flow during hot working with a minimum reduction ratio
of 3:1 from the original billet. The direction of flow lines shall be so oriented as to present the
most favourable resistance to stress expected to be encountered in service.
 Mechanical test specimens shall be taken from a prolongation of the forging. Separate test
blocks or forgings are not permitted.
3.1.10 In addition to the material specification, custom forgings and standard forgings for Class 1500 and
above pressure ratings shall be machined smooth to remove sharp corners, edges, grooves or
other marks that may act as stress raisers.
3.1.11 Unless stated otherwise, minor repairs to base materials by grinding, machining or welding is
permitted subject to meeting minimum thickness requirements. Welding shall be performed in
accordance with an approved welding procedure. Major repairs to base materials may be carried
out, but limited to one repair per area. All major repairs to base materials and all major
manufacturing weld repairs shall be subject to Employer review and approval.
3.1.12 Where heat treatment is to be performed during manufacture, forming and/or subsequent
fabrication, mechanical testing of base materials for major equipment, including any manufacturing
welds, shall be performed on test coupons subject to simulated heat treatment cycle(s) to
represent the maximum anticipated heat treatment applied during the fabrication.
3.1.13 For the purpose of defining the simulated heat treatment cycle(s) for major equipment materials,
only those heat treatments above 482C need be specified (e.g. hot forming, intermediate stress
relief, PWHT). The use of an equivalent Tempering Parameter, as defined in Section 4.1.7, is
acceptable, subject to Employer review and approval.
3.1.14 Pressure vessels and heat exchangers shall have one additional PWHT cycle included in the
simulated heat treatment cycle in paragraph 3.11 to cater for future repairs/modifications. This
additional heat cycle treatment does not apply to standard pressure parts as defined in the code or
piping.
3.1.15 For base material supplied in the non-heat treated condition (e.g. in the as-rolled or as-forged
condition) for equipment final heat treatment during fabrication, the simulated heat treatment shall
be applied to a separate test coupon for certification of the material.
3.1.16 Plate materials shall be verified using test coupons prepared from each plate.
3.1.17 Forging materials shall be verified using test coupons prepared from a rough or finished forging,
prolongation or separately forged test blank from the same heat as the production forging. For
the latter method, the test blank shall be of the same nominal thickness, reduced by forging in the
same manner receive the same amount of working and number of reductions and shall be heat
treated in the same furnace charge as the products represented.
3.1.18 Casting materials shall be verified using test coupons prepared from a rough or finished casting,
test block casting attached to the production casting or separately cast test block from the same
heat as the production casting. For the latter method, the test block shall be of the same nominal
thickness and shall be heat treated in the same furnace charge as the production casting.
3.1.19 Pipe and tube materials shall be verified using test coupons prepared from each Lot of pipe or
tube.
3.1.20 Positive Materials Identification (PMI) shall be performed on materials at the source of supply as
required in Project Specification 3550-8440-SP-0028.

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4 CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS

4.1 Carbon Steels
4.1.1 Carbon steel materials for pressure retaining components of pressure vessels, heat exchangers,
boilers, fired heaters, rotating machinery and piping, with the exception of heat exchanger tubes,
shall be fully killed and meet the following additional requirements for carbon content and carbon
equivalent (CE), based on heat analysis:

Element Plate(1), Pipes, Custom Forgings, Forged &

Tubes, Castings Wrought Fittings & Flanges,

Carbon 0.23% max. 0.25% max.

(2)(3)(4)
CE 0.45% max. 0.45% max.(5)

Notes:
1. Unspecified elements for plates shall meet the requirements of A20, Table 1

2. Non-pressure retaining material welded directly to a pressure retaining component need only meet the requirements
for carbon and carbon equivalent

3. The CE value for plate, custom forgings and for base materials specifications that require full chemical analysis shall
be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
Mn  Cr  Mo  V   Ni  Cu 
CE  C       
6  5   15 
4. Low sulphur steels (<0.01%S) may be at higher risk of Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) hydrogen cold cracking than more
conventional higher Sulphur steels. Contractor shall review the necessity of lowering the specified CE value for
these steels to 0.4% max. based on Vendor experience and submit substantiating evidence for Employer review

5. Where the base material specification does not require full analysis in accordance with Note 3 above, the CE value for
standard forgings, wrought fittings and flanges, pipes, tubes and castings may be reduced to 0.42%, based on the
following formula:

Mn
CE  C 
6

4.1.2 Heat exchanger tubes may be semi-killed or killed, with the exception of tubes subject to an
MDMT of minus -46ºC or lower where tubes shall be fully killed and manufactured to fine grain
practice.
4.1.3 The supply condition of as-rolled, normalised, or normalised rolled plate shall be as per the
requirements of pressure vessel plate material specification, ASTM A 516, or equivalent, with note
of supplementary requirements.
4.1.4 The use of Thermo-mechanical Controlled Processed (TMCP) steels shall be subject to Employer
review and approval.
4.1.5 Air-cooled heat exchanger header plates, with a thickness equal to or greater than 25mm, shall
conform to ASTM A770, ZT30 minimum (no less than 30% reduction of area) to minimise risk of
lamellar tearing during fabrication.
4.1.6 Seamless and electric resistance welded (ERW) tubes for heat exchangers, watertube boilers and
fired heaters shall be subject to a either a non-destructive electric test (eddy current or magnetic
flux leakage) or ultrasonic test (UT), and hydrostatic test in accordance with ASTM A450.
4.1.7 Forming
(i) Carbon steel subject to fibre strain > 5% shall be stress relieved.

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(ii) Carbon steel heat exchanger tubing with cold formed bends of:
Bend Radius, R ≤ 3 x Tube Diameter shall be stress relieved

Fibre strain Strain induced during forming, calculated as follows:

50  R 
e 1  m 
R  R 
i) for rolled cylinders/cones: m  mo %

where:
e = initial nominal thickness,
Rm = mean radius of final form (for cones, Rm is mean radius of smaller
diameter) and
Rmo = mean radius of initial or intermediate form

 D 
ii) for dished heads: 100ln  b %
D -2 
 e e
where:
e = initial nominal thickness,
Db = diameter of blank or intermediate product,
De = external diameter of head after forming,
In = Naperian logarithm

D
iii) for tube or pipe bends: 100  %
 2r 
where:
D= tube or pipe outside diameter, r=bend radius

iv) for head segments: 

100e 
%
 r 
where:
e = initial nominal thickness,
r = smallest mean radius of segment

Tempering Parameter for calculating equivalent heat treatment conditions as follows:

parameter (TP)
TP = (T+273)(20+log10t)10-3
where T = holding temperature (C),
t = time (hours)

and taking into account heating and cooling rate:

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T + (273) T ( +273 )
TP = (T + 273)(log 10(t + + ) + 20 ) × 10 - 3
2.3 × Kh(20 - log10Kh) 2.3 × Kc(20 - log10Kc)

Kh = heating rate (ºC/hr)

Kc = Cooling rate (ºC/hr)

4.2 Low Alloy Steels

4.2.1 Low alloy materials for pressure retaining components of pressure vessels, heat exchangers,
boilers, fired heaters, rotating machinery and piping, with the exception of heat exchanger tubes,
shall be fully killed, fine grained, vacuum degassed, and supplied in the normalised, normalised
and tempered, accelerated cooled and tempered or quenched and tempered condition.
4.2.2 Base material requirements for P-No.4 (1¼Cr-½Mo) and P-No.5A (2¼Cr-1Mo) materials shall
conform to the requirements of API RP 934-C and API RP 934-A. API RP 934-C and API RP
934-A are not applicable to piping.
4.2.3 P-No.4 (1¼Cr-½Mo) and P-No.5A (2¼Cr-1Mo) materials that are subject to ‘warm’ or ‘hot’ forming
(forming temperatures above 400C) and have a nominal thickness greater than 25mm prior to
forming, shall have the following limits imposed:

Tin 0.015%

Phosphorous 0.012%

4.2.4 Equipment and piping that has a maximum operating temperature within the range 400C-600C
and is fabricated from either P-No.4 or P-No.5A materials shall be of controlled purity and
designed and fabricated to minimise in-service temper embrittlement and low creep ductility HAZ
cracking. The following requirements shall be met:
(i) Due to the reported incidents of cracking in P-No.4 materials operating at temperatures in
excess of 454C, these specific materials shall not be specified for pressure retaining
equipment or piping components where the maximum normal operating temperature exceeds
454C. Exceptions to this are heat exchanger, steam-generating boiler and fired heater
tubes. Where a benefit can be demonstrated in using these materials above 454C, the
recommendations specified in API Publication 938 shall be followed, using lower strength
Class 1 materials to minimise potential fabrication problems and in-service cracking.
Difficulties are expected in meeting the referenced MPC Factors in API Publication 938.
Therefore, this approach shall be subject to specific review and approval by Employer.
(ii) In addition to any Licensor requirements, the following material chemistry restrictions, based
on product analysis, shall be specified for pressure retaining equipment and piping
components:

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(1)
Element P-No.4 P-No.5A(2)

Carbon 0.05-0.14% 0.05-0.15%

Phosphorous 0.007% max (4) 0.012% max.

Sulphur 0.007% max. 0.007% max

Tin 0.015% max. 0.015% max.

Arsenic - 0.008% max.

Antimony - 0.008% max.

Copper 0.20% max 0.20% max.

Nickel 0.30% max 0.30% max.

J Factor: - 100 max.(5)

4
(%Si+%Mn)(%P+%Sn)x10
X-bar ≤15ppm -

(10P+5Sb+4Sn+As)/100
Notes: 1. Applicable for nominal thickness >25mm
2. Applicable for nominal thickness >13mm
3. Steelmaking process shall minimise the level of tramp elements introduced into the melt from scrap.
LD converter process is preferred as this process can achieve lower tramp elements in the melt, but
where electric arc process is used the level of scrap used shall be minimised and pre-selected.
4. Applicable to both plate and forgings for major equipment. Piping (except castings) shall have a
maximum Phosphorous content = 0.012%
5. Applicable to plate products and major equipment forgings. Seamless pipe and pipe fittings shall
have maximum J Factor = 120, if practicable. Employer and Licensor to be consulted if maximum
piping J Factor > 120.

4.2.5 P-No.5A base materials shall be vacuum-carbon deoxidized to minimize silicon content.
4.2.6 For major equipment impact testing shall be performed on plate, pipe, fittings and forging materials
with a nominal thickness of 13 mm or greater or Licensor requirements if these are more stringent.
Samples shall be taken from test specimens that have undergone heat treatment representing the
minimum and maximum heat-treatments anticipated during fabrication, including any hot forming
operations or intermediate heat treatments in the 400C-600C temperature range. Samples
shall be taken as close as possible to the ½t position in accordance with ASTM A20 and meet the
following acceptance criteria given in API RP934-C and API RP934-A.
4.2.7 Step cool screening tests shall be performed on P-No.5A plate and forging materials or to
Licensor requirements if these are more stringent (including for pipe). Testing shall be performed
on each heat of material per each heat treatment charge in accordance with the requirements of
API RP934-A and the stated acceptance criteria therein. This requirement is not applicable to
piping, provided that the specified J-factor is met.
4.2.8 When the design temperature exceeds 454C, the following design requirements for pressure
vessels and heat exchangers shall be met:
 integrally reinforced butt weld type nozzles (e.g. ASME Section VIII, Div.1, UW-16.1, f-4) shall
be specified for nozzle sizes 8”NB and above

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 integral forged ring or weld overlay build-up shall be specified for any skirt-to-shell or
skirt-to-head attachment and any intermediate head-to-shell attachments
4.2.9 In addition to the code or Licensor requirements, inspection and testing of base materials shall
meet the following requirements:
 All plates with nominal thickness greater than 51mm shall be subject to straight beam,
compression wave UT in accordance with ASTM A578, on nominal 100mm centres to
acceptance Level A.
 All forgings with nominal thickness greater than 51mm shall be subject to UT and MT in
accordance with ASTM A508, Section 7.
4.2.10 All set-on and set-in type nozzle or branch welds, and all attachment welds to pressure retaining
components shall be ground to a smooth, concave profile whilst retaining the required throat
thickness.
4.2.11 Welding procedure qualification, Non Destructive Examination (NDE) and production testing shall
comply with the requirements in Project Specification 3550-8440-SP-0018.

5 STAINLESS STEELS
5.1 300 Series Austenitic Stainless Steels
5.1.1 For welded equipment and piping, low carbon ‘L’ grades or chemically stabilised grades (Type 321,
347) shall be specified, unless the design temperature restricts the use of the lower strength ‘L’
grade materials. Where material is dual certified (e.g. standard grade mechanical properties with
‘L’ grade chemical analysis) the material may be used up to the maximum temperature permitted
by the code for ‘L’ grade material.
5.1.2 Equipment and pipework components subject to manufacturing, hot working or forming operations
at temperatures in excess of 550C shall be either ‘L’ grades or chemically stabilised grades. If
regular or higher carbon (‘H’) grades are proposed, components shall be solution annealed as a
separate operation after all manufacturing, hot working or forming operations are completed.
5.1.3 Substitution of Type 316/316H base material or welding consumables for Type 304H/308H
material shall be subject to Contractor review and approval.
5.1.4 Equipment and piping with a maximum operating temperature above 500C or that is subject to
PWHT below 927C shall be subject to ferrite determination in accordance with Project
Specification 3550-8440-SP-0018. This ferrite determination shall also apply to any welded bulk
pipe or fitting.
5.1.5 Electric fusion welded (EFW) bulk pipe and fittings shall be subject to ferrite determination in
accordance with the following:
The ferrite determination shall be performed prior to PWHT (if applicable) using either a suitably
calibrated magnetic instrument in accordance with AWS A4.2 or by chemical analysis of the weld
metal using the WRC-1992 diagram. Each pressure-retaining weld shall be subject to one check
per weld for mechanised/automatic welding processes, and a minimum of one check per 450mm
of weld for manual or semi-automatic welding processes.
Acceptance criteria shall be as follows:

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As-Welded Condition or PWHT Condition &/or service

Weld Metal Heat Treatment above between 500C and 927C
927C inclusive

308L, 316L, 308H,

3-10FN 3-10FN
316H

347 6-10FN 6-10FN

16-8-2 2-5FN 2-5FN

5.1.6 To improve resistance to polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking, types 321/321H and 347/347H
stainless steel for use in H2/H2S service at maximum operating temperature > 425ºC shall be
specified as follows:

Type 321/321H Type 347/347H

Solution annealed 1040C Solution annealed 1040C

Heat treatment for min., water quench, thermal min., water quench, thermal
base materials stabilisation at 910C10C for stabilisation at 910C10C for
4 hours 4 hours.

Re-stabilizing heat treatment

Heat treatment for “321” weld metal: Not
after welding at 910C10C
welds Applicable
for 4 hours.

0.04-0.08%C 0.04-0.08%C
Material chemistry
Ti:C ratio  7 Nb(Cb):C ratio  12

In case Contractor cannot carry out the above stabilisation heat treatments, the recommendations
of NACE RP0170 concerning process engineering measures such as alkaline washes, nitrogen
purging and prevention of ingression of oxygen shall be incorporated into the detailed design.
5.1.7 Subject to specific Employer review and approval, intergranular corrosion testing may be
performed in accordance with ASTM A262, Practice E as an alternative to the heat treatment
requirements in paragraph 5.1.6, to prove no unacceptable sensitisation has occurred during heat
treatment.
5.1.8 Unless stated otherwise, 300 series ‘L’ grade stainless steel components subject to PWHT in
excess of six (6) hours, hot forming either during manufacture or subsequent fabrication, or when
otherwise specified by the Owner, shall be tested in accordance with ASTM A262, Practice E, to
ensure no unacceptable sensitisation has occurred during heat treatment. Test specimens shall
be full thickness or taken as close to mid-thickness as possible and, for welded components, shall
include the weld on the axis of the bend.
5.1.9 With the exception of tubular products for non-corrosive utility service (air, nitrogen, deoxygenated
distilled water etc.), autogenous welded tubular products that are produced by automatic welding
with in-line induction heating shall be re-solution annealed at the minimum temperature stated in
the material specification for a sufficiently long period of time to permit re-dissolution of carbides
followed by rapid cooling to prevent their re-precipitation.

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5.1.10 All surfaces shall be cleaned and de-scaled and free from any surface contamination. Unless
otherwise specified, plate shall be furnished with blast cleaned or pickled finish in accordance with
ASTM A480, to essentially a No.1 finish.
5.1.11 Unless otherwise specified, random inspection shall be performed on each item, prior to material
shipment, in accordance with ASTM A380, 7.2.5, to ensure no gross contamination with iron is
present.

5.2 Duplex Stainless Steels

5.2.1 In addition to the material specification requirements, duplex steels shall meet the following
additional requirements:

Carbon 0.03% max.

Sulphur 0.01% max.

Phosphorous 0.02% max.

Nitrogen 0.14% min. (UNS S31803, S32205)

290 HV10 (wet H2S service)

Hardness
310 HV10 (all other services)

24 min. (UNS S32304

(1)
PREN 35 min. (UNS S31803, S32205)

40 min. (UNS S32750, S32760)

34J ave./28J min. at the MDMT or minus

Impact testing
10C, whichever is lower

Note 1: PREN = %Cr + 3.3%Mo + 16%N

5.2.2 Ferrite determination shall be performed on a metallographic specimen taken from one component
type per heat and heat treatment charge in accordance with ASTM E562, using the intercept
method and a minimum grid size of 25. Fields shall be selected randomly and magnification
chosen appropriate to the ferrite lathe size. For welded components, the weld metal and HAZ
shall be sampled separately in addition to the base material. Ferrite levels shall be in the range
35-65% for base material and weld metal & HAZ.
5.2.3 The heat treatment applied to the components shall ensure that the base material (and weld metal
and HAZ for welded components) are essentially free of intermetallic phases (i.e. less than 1%).
Analysis for intermetallic phases may be performed during ferrite determination in accordance with
paragraph 5.2.2 or in accordance with ASTM A923. If Test Methods B or C of ASTM A923 are
invoked, the acceptance criteria shall apply to all grades of duplex steels with the exception of
UNS S32304.
5.2.4 Base material and manufacturing weld flaws shall not be repaired by welding without Owner
review and approval. Where permitted, a sketch showing the locations of any weld repairs shall
be submitted to Owner along with the MTR. Only one weld repair at the same location shall be
permitted thereafter the weld shall be completely removed and re-welded.

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5.2.5 All surfaces shall be cleaned and de-scaled and free from any surface contamination. Unless
otherwise specified, plate shall be furnished with blast cleaned or pickled finish in accordance with
ASTM A480, to essentially a No.1 finish.
5.2.6 Unless otherwise specified, random inspection shall be performed on each item, prior to material
shipment, in accordance with ASTM A380, 7.2.5, to ensure no gross contamination with iron is
present.

5.3 400 Series Martensitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels

5.3.1 Wrought 400 series stainless steels shall not be used for pressure retaining components of
pressure vessels, heat exchangers (except tubing) or piping, but are permitted for non-pressure
retaining components up to a maximum operating temperature of 400C. Cast 400 series
stainless steels may be used for rotating machinery casings and piping and instrument valves.
Integral cladding or weld overlay is permitted for all operating temperatures.
5.3.2 Where 400 series stainless steels are to be welded, low carbon types such as Types 405 (UNS
S40500) or 410S (UNS S41008) shall be specified. For non-welded components (such as
column trays) higher carbon types, such as Type 410 (UNS S41000) are acceptable.
5.3.3 For rotating machinery casings, the more weldable low carbon 13Cr-4Ni grade CA6NM (UNS
J91540) shall be specified in preference to the high carbon grade CA15 (UNS J91150).
5.3.4 All surfaces shall be cleaned and de-scaled and free from any surface contamination. Unless
otherwise specified, plate shall be furnished with blast cleaned or pickled finish in accordance with
ASTM A480, to essentially a No.1 finish.
5.3.5 Unless otherwise specified, random inspection shall be performed on each item, prior to material
shipment, in accordance with ASTM A380, 7.2.5, to ensure no gross contamination with iron is
present.

6 NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS
6.1.1 Alloy 800/800H/800HT can suffer long term service embrittlement leading to low creep ductility
induced cracking in equipment and piping operating in the temperature range 538C-760C. To
minimise this risk, all pressured equipment, piping and welds, with a design temperature in this
range shall meet the following additional requirements:

Ti+ Al  0.7% (target 0.5wt%-0.7wt%)(1)

Base material chemistry
Ti/C ratio ≤ 12

Solution heat treat to give austenitic grain size of 2-5 (target 3 to 5)

All expansion bellow convolutions shall be heat treated after forming

Heat treatment
All welds shall either be heat treated at 885C or solution heat treated in

accordance with the requirements of ASME Section VIII

1. For Alloy 800HT, Ti + Al = 0.85 – 1.2 wt%

6.1.2 For Alloy 800H/800HT materials with a design temperature above 760C, the following additional
requirements shall be met:
 Solution anneal at 1175C minimum to produce grain size of 5 or coarser

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 Grain size determination shall be made on each heat of material to ensure that required grain
size is met
6.1.3 Where proprietary 25Cr-35Ni-Nb micro alloyed materials are specified, the enhanced mechanical
and creep properties of these materials shall only be used for design when the weld metal
properties match those of the base material. Substantiating data for the weld metal shall be
submitted to Contractor and Employer for review and approval.
6.1.4 All low melting point contaminants, such as sulphur and lead, which may be present in paint,
lubricants, and markers, shall be removed prior to any heating, cutting or welding operations.
Furnace atmospheres shall be sulphur free and slightly reducing. The precautions stated in
ASME Section VIII, NF-14 shall be followed for fabrication of both equipment and piping.
6.1.5 Alloy 800 materials and welds in H2/H2S service shall be low carbon grade (0.03%C max.) to
minimise the risk of sensitisation during welding and subsequent corrosion from polythionic acid.
6.1.6 All surfaces shall be cleaned and de-scaled and free from any surface contamination. Unless
otherwise specified, plate shall be furnished with blast cleaned or pickled finish in accordance with
ASTM A480, to essentially a No.1 finish.
6.1.7 Unless otherwise specified, random inspection shall be performed on each item, prior to material
shipment, in accordance with ASTM A380, 7.2.5, to ensure no gross contamination with iron is
present.

7 TITANIUM
7.1.1 Titanium plate, sheet, forgings, fittings, pipework and tubing shall be unalloyed Grade 1 or 2 where
the maximum operating temperature does not exceed 70C and Grade 12 where the maximum
operating temperature is in excess of 70C. For heat exchanger tubing, the temperature limits
shall be defined as the tube metal temperature at the maximum operating temperature.
7.1.2 Unless stated otherwise, Titanium shall be supplied in the annealed condition without any
subsequent thermal oxidising or anodising.
7.1.3 Base material and manufacturing weld flaws shall not be repaired by welding without Owner
review and approval. Where permitted, a sketch showing the locations of any weld repairs shall
be submitted to Owner along with the MTR.
7.1.4 All surfaces shall be cleaned and de-scaled and free from any surface contamination. Unless
stated otherwise, ferroxyl testing in accordance with paragraph 7.3.4 of ASTM A380 shall be
performed on a random basis on at least two areas on each item, prior to material shipment.

8 CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOY (CRA) CLAD COMPONENTS

8.1.1 CRA clad components shall be manufactured from integrally clad plate (roll bonded or explosion
bonded with or without conversion rolling) or weld overlay. Use of loose liners or mechanically
bonded liners shall not be permitted without specific Employer review and approval.
8.1.2 The additional material, testing and inspection requirements in Sections 4 for base materials and
Sections 5, 6, and 7 for the cladding material shall apply.
8.1.3 The minimum thickness or depth of cladding or weld overlay to the specified surface composition
shall be 3mm.
8.1.4 In addition to the tests specified in the material specifications for integrally clad plate, each clad
plate shall be subject to the following tests:

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 Product analysis of the cladding material

 Shear test, with an acceptance level of 150N/mm2
 UT in accordance with the requirements of ASTM 578, Supplementary Requirement S6,
Level A, for the cladding bond interface, with the additional criterion that a greater than 90%
loss in back reflection shall be considered complete disbondment.
8.1.5 Integrally clad forgings (e.g. heat exchanger tubesheets) are not covered by ASME or ASTM
material specifications but shall be subject to the same extent of testing as clad plates i.e. tensile,
bend and shear tests, impact tests (if applicable), product analysis and UT. Mechanical tests and
product analysis shall be performed on test specimens taken from a prolongation of the forging
that has undergone the cladding process.
8.1.6 Cladding flaws, such as areas of disbondment, shall not be repaired by welding without Owner
review and approval. Where permitted, a sketch showing the locations of any weld repairs shall
be submitted to Owner along with the MTR. Only one weld repair at the same location shall be
permitted.
8.1.7 All surfaces shall be cleaned and de-scaled and free from any surface contamination. Unless
stated otherwise, the cladding surface shall be furnished with blast cleaned or pickled finish in
accordance with ASME SA-480, to essentially a No.1 finish.
8.1.8 Unless stated otherwise, random inspection shall be performed on each item, prior to material
shipment, in accordance with paragraph 7.2.5 of ASTM A380 to ensure no gross contamination
with iron is present.

9 REINFORCED THERMOSETTING RESIN PIPING (RTRP) AND COMPONENTS

9.1.1 As a minimum requirement all Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Piping (RTRP) piping systems,
including components and fittings shall be designed, manufactured, and installed in accordance
with ISO 14692, Parts 1-4.
9.1.2 The installer and assembler of the GRE piping systems shall be under the direct control and
supervision of the GRE pipe and fittings manufacturer at all times.
9.1.3 The quality of the installation is to be the responsibility of the GRE pipe and fittings manufacturer.
This responsibility shall extend from the date of hydrostatic testing and 2 years from the date of
commissioning.

10 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC SERVICES

The following additional materials requirements shall be applied to items exposed to the specific
services listed, in which failures by brittle fracture, general corrosion, stress corrosion cracking or
embrittlement may occur. The Contractor shall ensure that MSDs and data sheets/requisitions
indicate where these service requirements apply to equipment, piping and instrumentation.

10.1 Low Temperature Service

10.1.1 All materials shall have sufficient notch-toughness to resist brittle fracture during operation at the
Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT) and during hydrostatic pressure testing. Impact
test requirements shall meet the requirements of Sections 4 and 5 and the code at the MDMT as a
minimum.

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10.1.2 Non-pressure retaining materials welded directly to pressure retaining components shall be
assessed for suitability in accordance with code requirements. Non-pressure retaining materials
that are not welded directly to pressure retaining components do not require impact testing unless
otherwise specified.
10.1.3 Forgings in excess of 100mm nominal thickness shall be produced to fine grain practice, heat
treated after all forging operations and subject to impact testing at the lower of the MDMT or 0C,
irrespective of the code requirements. Carbon steel forgings in excess of 100mm thickness for
equipment with MDMT below minus 29C shall be specified in accordance with ASTM A765, with
Supplementary Requirements S2, S4, S6, S7 and S8.
10.1.4 The selection and orientation of base material impact test specimens shall be as follows:

Rolled plate Transverse to the final rolling direction in accordance with ASTM

A20 or ASME Section VIII, Div.2, AM-201.1 as applicable

Standard pipe forgings In accordance with ASTM A350

Custom forgings, tubesheets, shell In accordance with ASTM A765

rings, nozzle forgings

Standard pipe fittings In accordance with ASTM A420

Pipe or tubes In accordance with ASTM A333 or A334 as applicable

Bolting In accordance with ASTM A320

10.1.5 For equipment designed as per ASME Code Section VIII impact test acceptance energy criterion
for section thicknesses and minimum specified yield strengths shall be as stated in ASME VIII Div I,
Fig UG-84.1M.
10.1.6 During hydrostatic pressure testing, the metal temperature shall be at least 7ºC and, moreover,
shall be at least 17ºC above the MDMT.
10.1.7 Where no specific notch toughness requirements are specified (e.g. ASME Section I, ASME B31.1,
API RP560), materials shall be selected and assessed for suitability using the same principles as
for pressure vessels or piping using the minimum hydrotest temperature as the MDMT.
10.1.8 Pneumatic pressure testing shall not performed on equipment or piping fabricated from carbon or
low alloy steels without prior Employer review and approval. If considered necessary, Contractor
shall submit proposals for Employer review and approval, detailing the steps to be taken to
minimise the risk of a catastrophic brittle fracture. As a minimum, all base materials and welding
procedures shall be specifically impact tested to prove they meet the requirements of paragraph
10.1.5 and Project Specification 3550-8440-SP-0018 at the MDMT. Code exemptions from
impact tested are not permitted in this case.

10.2 Wet H2S Service

10.2.1 Wet H2S service shall be defined as those service environments where the concentration of H2S in
the water phase is 50wppm or greater. The severity of the service shall be defined as follows:

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Moderate Wet H2S Service
Severe Wet H2S Service
 50 wppm H2S or greater in the water phase and
conditions other than those stated for severe
service, or
 >0.0003 MPa absolute (0.05 psia) partial pressure
H2S in the gas in processes with a gas phase.
 50 wppm H2S or greater in the water phase and pH
below 5.0 or
 50 wppm H2S or greater in the water phase and pH
above 9.0 or
 2000 wppm H2S or greater in the water phase and
pH above 7.8 or
 50 wppm H2S or greater in the water phase and
cyanides above 20 wppm

10.2.2 In addition to any requirements of this specification, all materials in wet H2S service shall also
comply with the requirements of NACE MR0103.

Moderate Wet H2S Service

10.2.3 Carbon steels for Moderate wet H2S service shall meet the requirements of Section 4 with the
following additional requirements:
10.2.4 Carbon steel plate materials, including plate used to fabricate equipment nozzles, shall be
normalized (as a minimum), vacuum degassed and meet the following requirements:
 The yield strength (Re) shall be limited to 320MPa and the ultimate tensile strength (Rm) to
590Mpa. The maximum Rm limit shall not exceed the specified minimum Rm value of the
material specification by more than 100MPa
 The CE value for plates, custom forgings and other components shall be limited to 0.43%.
 Sulphur shall be limited to 0.01%.
 Plate materials shall be supplied blast cleaned to ISO 8501-1, Sa2½.
10.2.5 Bulk pipe and fittings shall be seamless wherever commercially available. Maximum CE = 0.43.
Where only longitudinally welded pipe and fittings are commercially available the plate shall meet
the requirements in paragraph 10.2.4 and all manufacturing welds shall be heat treated at 593C
for 2.5 minutes per mm, 60 minutes minimum.
10.2.6 Deleted
10.2.7 The use of spiral welded or electric welded (ERW/HFI) pipe or tube is not permitted.

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Severe Wet H2S Service

10.2.8 Carbon steels for severe wet H2S service shall meet the requirements of Sections 4, 10.2.2 –
10.2.7 and the following:
10.2.9 Plate materials, including plate used to fabricate equipment nozzles, shall be normalised (as a
minimum), vacuum degassed and meet the following requirements:
 The steel processing route shall be optimised to ensure minimal micro structural
ferrite/pearlite banding and centreline segregation
 The yield strength (Re) shall be limited to 320MPa and the ultimate tensile strength (Rm) to
590Mpa. The maximum Rm limit shall not exceed the specified minimum Rm value of the
material specification by more than 100MPa
 The CE value for plates, custom forgings and other components shall be limited to 0.43%.
 Sulphur shall be limited to 0.004%. Calcium shape control should not be used for very low
Sulphur levels (less than 0.001%). The Ca:S ratio shall be limited if considered necessary by
the manufacturer.
 Plate phosphorous level shall be limited to 0.010% subject to satisfactory HIC resistance
testing.
 No deliberate Copper additions shall be permitted
 The minimum and maximum thicknesses of plate shall be tested for susceptibility to
Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) in accordance with NACE Standard TM0284, using Test
Solution A, with the following acceptance criteria:

Average Individual

CLR  5%  7%

CTR  1.5%  2%(1)

CSR  0.5%  0.7%

(1) No transverse cracking greater than 0.1mm
 Each plate shall be ultrasonically tested in accordance with ASME SA-578, acceptance
Standard – Level C, on nominal 75cm centres.
 Plate materials shall be supplied blast cleaned to ISO 8501-1, Sa2½.

10.2.10 CRA lined construction with Type 304L, 316L, Alloys 400, 625, 825 or Titanium Grade 2 may be
considered in place of HIC tested plate, subject to review and approval (this option may also be
considered for equipment in Moderate wet H2S service). If proposed, HIC testing of the backing
material is not required.
10.2.11 For both Moderate and Severe Wet H2S Services, all carbon steel welds, including repair welds, in
pressure vessels, heat exchangers, rotating machinery and longitudinally welded pipe, and all cold
formed items shall be heat treated at the manufacturer’s works at 593C minimum for 1 hour per
25mm thickness, 1 hour minimum. The use of lower heat treatment temperatures for longer hold
times is not permitted. The guidelines contained in NACE RP0472, Methods and Control to
Prevent In-Service Environmental Cracking of Carbon Steel Weldments in Corrosive Petroleum
Refining shall be observed.

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10.2.12 Unless code requirements require PWHT, PWHT is not required for fully CRA clad Carbon Steel
Vessels
10.2.13 Unless required by Licensor, PWHT is not required for welds in carbon steel piping systems in
moderate or severe wet H2S service, subject to the following:
 Circumferential butt welds or branch welds providing the welds are multipass and made
wholly from the outside of the pipe and the welding procedure qualification record (WPQR)
complies with the hardness testing requirements in Project Specification 3550-8440-SP-0018
and NACE MR0103.
 External attachment welds that are not in contact with the process stream, and multipass
socket welded connections, providing the WPQR complies with the hardness testing
requirements in Project Specification 3550-8440-SP-0018 and NACE MR0103.
 PWHT in accordance with paragraph 10.2.10 is required for all cold formed bends, all
pressure retaining welds and attachment welds to pressure retaining components in piping
systems referenced in paragraph 10.2.10, and any seal weld or backing weld applied to the
inside surface of a longitudinal, circumferential or branch weld.
 Any areas subject to heating for bending, correction of misalignment etc. shall be re-heated
treated as a separate operation in accordance with paragraph 10.2.10.
 External bolting shall comply with the requirements of NACE MR0103 unless bolting is freely
ventilated.
 Internal attachment welds shall be full penetration. Fillet welds are acceptable for external
attachments but shall be vented with a 6mm vent hole minimum (on the underside of the
attachment wherever possible) to prevent build up of H2 gas.
 For carbon steel valves with welded-in seats, the seat seal-welding qualifications shall include
hardness testing in accordance with the Project Specification3550-8440-SP-0018.
 Repair welds in carbon and alloy steel valve castings or forgings shall be heat-treated in
accordance with paragraph 10.2.11. Any weld repairs in 300 or 400 series stainless or
duplex stainless steels, Ni-base or Cu-base alloys shall be re-heat treated in accordance with
the original heat treatment performed on the material after welding but prior to finish
machining.
10.2.14 Necessary on-site PWHT for carbon steel piping shall also be carried out under the conditions
specified in 10.2.11 for PWHT at manufacturers’ works.
10.2.15 Expansion bellows shall be fabricated from Ni-base alloys, such as UNS N08825 or UNS N06626
and shall be heat-treated after forming the convolutions. 300 series stainless steel bellows are
not permitted.

10.3 Amine Service

10.3.1 Amine service is defined as those service environments which contain lean or rich amine
concentration of 2% or greater.
10.3.2 Where the service environment meets the definitions for either of moderate or severe Wet H2S
services in Section10.2 and amine service, the requirements for both services be specified with
the more stringent requirement governing. The effect of amine concentration on pH shall be
taken into account.
10.3.3 All carbon steel welds and all cold-formed items piping in prefabricated spools from fabrication
shops for amine service shall be heat treated at 620C minimum for 1 hour per 25mm thickness,

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1-hour minimum. On-site PWHT and stress relief for carbon steel piping shall be carried out at
620ºC minimum ± up to 15ºC for 1 hour per 25mm thickness, 1-hour minimum.
10.3.4 The use of Cu-base alloys and screwed connections in all amine services are not permitted.
Socket welded connections are not permitted in contact with rich amine solvents. Instruments
and instrument tubing that are downstream of the final block valve and not in direct contact with
amine solvents, are exempt.
10.3.5 Carbon steel valves with welded-in seats shall be heat-treated after completion of the seat welding.
The seat seal-welding qualifications for Rich Amine Service shall include hardness testing in
accordance with NACE MR0103 as stated in Section 10.2.2.
10.3.6 For butt weld-end valves that are subject to PWHT in accordance with paragraph 10.3.3., pup
pieces shall be welded to the valve and these welds heat treated prior to finish machining of the
valve. Pup piece lengths shall be 250mm or 6D, whichever is the greater and suitable for the line
service classification. The weld between the pup piece and the run pipe shall be subject to
PWHT after installation of the valve in the piping.
10.3.7 Repair welds in carbon steel valve castings or forgings shall be heat-treated in accordance with
paragraph10.3.3.

10.4 Caustic Service

10.4.1 Caustic service shall be defined as those service environments where the concentration of caustic
is 1.5wt% or greater.
10.4.2 The guidelines contained in NACE RP0403 for the application of carbon steels in caustic service
shall be followed. Figure 1 of that specification shall be applied.
10.4.3 Where the service environment meets the definitions for either of moderate or severe Wet H2S
services in Section10.2 and caustic service, the requirements for both services shall be specified
with the more stringent requirement governing. The effect of caustic concentration on pH shall be
taken into account.
10.4.4 All carbon steel welds and all cold-formed items in prefabricated piping spools from fabrication
shops for caustic service shall be heat treated at 620C minimum for 1 hour per 25mm thickness,
1-hour minimum. The use of lower heat treatment temperatures for longer hold times is not
permitted. On-site PWHT and stress relief for carbon steel piping shall be carried out at 620ºC
minimum ± up to 15ºC for 1 hour per 25mm thickness, 1-hour minimum.
10.4.5 Any area subject to heating for bending, correction of misalignment etc. shall be re-heat treated as
a separate operation in accordance with paragraph 10.4.4.
10.4.6 Carbon steel valves with welded-in seats shall be heat treated after completion of the seat
welding.
10.4.7 For butt weld-end valves that are subject to PWHT in accordance with paragraph 10.4.3, pup
pieces shall be welded to the valve and these welds heat treated prior to finish machining of the
valve. Pup piece lengths shall be 250mm or 6D, whichever is the greater and suitable for the line
service classification. The weld between the pup piece and the run pipe shall be subject to
PWHT after installation of the valve in the piping.
10.4.8 Screwed or socket welded connections are not permitted in contact with caustic solutions.
Instruments and instrument tubing, downstream of the block valve, that are not in direct contact
with caustic solutions, are exempt from this requirement.

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10.5 Deaerator Service

10.5.1 All carbon steel welds in deaerator storage vessels shall be heat treated at 620C minimum for 1
hour per 25mm thickness, 1 hour minimum. The use of lower heat treatment temperatures for
longer hold times is not permitted.
10.5.2 All internal attachment fillet welds in deaerator storage vessels shall be ground to a smooth,
concave profile whilst retaining the required throat thickness.

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