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PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION

DIAGRAM
SYMBOLS IN PI&D
BY : NOR HATINI BINTI BAHARIN

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 One of the basic plant drawings largely

used in oil refining and other process
industries.
 Its shows the engineering details of the
equipment, instruments, piping, valves
and fitting and their arrangement.
What is P&ID ?  The term “piping” means not only
“pipe” but fitting, valves, flanges, and
other items which form part of the
overall piping system.
 Instrumentation is shown by symbols on
the flow diagram and piping drawing.

PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (PI&D)

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SYMBOLS IN P&ID

Symbol is the basic notation to describe or

represent a P&ID.
In general all the symbols used in P&ID are
as per ISA or ANSI standard.
But any organization may have their own
standard which is derived from
international standard

Equipment symbols

SYMBOLS Piping symbols

IN PIPE
FLOW
DIAGRAM Instrument symbols

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EQUIPMENT SYMBOLS

 Separators
 Storage vessels
 Process pressure vessels
 Material Handling Equipment
 Pump
 Compressor & Blower
 Drivers / Agitators/ Mixer
 Heat Exchanger
 Furnace

Separators
Device for the separation process of solid/liquid/gas particles into several
fractions
centrifuge
Symbol Name Function
➢Particles are separated from a fluid by
gravitational forces acting on the particles.
Centrifuge Drum
➢The particles were solid,gas,liquid and the fluid was settler
a liquid or a gas

➢To remove the particles from liquid stream so that

Drum the fluid is free of particles contaminants
Settler

➢Settling device in which the outward force on the

particles at high tangential velocities is many times
the force gravity.
➢ For separation of small solid particles or mist from
Cyclone gases.
➢The gas-solid particle mixture enter the cyclone cyclone
and enter in a rotating motion.
➢Gas and solid will separate because of the forces.

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Open
settling
tank

Symbol Name Function

➢To remove the particles from liquid
stream so that the fluid is free of
Open Settling particles contaminants.
Tank
➢Sedimentation

Electrical ➢To separate solid/liquid mixture

precipitator Electrical
Precipitator ➢Sedimentation

STORAGE VESSELS
-A container, usually for holding liquids, sometimes for compressed
gases
Symbol Name Function
An atmospheric tank is
Atmospheric tank (cone a container for holding
roof) a liquid at atmospheric
pressure.
-To gain storage and
ease of unloading.
Cone bottom bin
(bulk storage)
-Used for liquid, solid,
slurry and silo

Cone roof Bulk storage

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Symbol Name Function

A storage tank commonly used to store
large quantities of petroleum products such
as crude oil or condensate.
• roof will floats on the surface of the stored
liquid.
Floating roof tank
• roof rises and falls with the liquid level in
the tank.
• eliminates breathing losses and greatly
reduces the evaporative loss of the
Floating roof tank stored.

Use for collection systems, temporary

Open top bulk liquid storage or as secondary
storage (non- containment for vertical tanks in indoor or
pressure) outdoor installations.

Symbol Name Function

Use for collection systems, temporary
liquid storage or as secondary
Close top bulk containment for vertical tanks in indoor or
storage (non- outdoor installations.
pressure)

Close top bulk storage (non-pressure)

Pressure storage A pressure vessel is a closed container

(sphere or designed to hold gases or liquids at
spheroid) a pressure substantially different from the
ambient pressure.

Pressure
storage

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PROCESS PRESSURE VESSEL

To store the material with pressure and at the same time, other process
occur in the vessel, example distillation, separation

Symbols Name Function

-as a storage vessel
Horizontal Drums -handling the material
with pressure
-as a storage vessel
-handling the material
Jacketed vessel (partial)
with high pressure

-as a storage vessel

-handling the material
Vertical Drums with pressure

-consist of multi-stage
trays in vessel
Packeted plate section -process in vessel
columns (tower) *adsorption,distillation
(separate multi
components)

MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT

Symbols Name Function

Mixer -to mix two or more difference
component until it reach
homogenous state

Settler -Use to separate the material

from unwanted material
-The unwanted material will
precipitate at the bottom of
settler

Feeder & Hopper Mixer Settler

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Rotary Feeder

Screener

Jacketed Vessel (Partial)

Horizontal
Drums

Vertical
Packeted Plate Section Columns
Drums
(Tower)

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 What is the name of equipment for a symbol shown here?

a b c

Centrifugal pump is
used mainly in constant
pressure / variable
volume service

PUMP

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COMPRESSOR
& BLOWER

COMPRESSOR
& BLOWER

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HEAT
EXCHANGER
Equipment which is specifically
designed to exchange heat
between two substances.
They will be called coolers,
heaters, chiller, reboilers etc
depending upon their function

DISTILLATION
TOWER

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REACTOR

What are the type of the symbol shown

here
Which one is the compressor ?

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Drivers /
Agitators/
Mixer

Furnace & Boiler

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EQUIPMENT ABBREVIATIONS LETTER

PIPING SYMBOLS

 Piping Line Symbol

 Piping Special Symbol
 Piping Fitting Symbol

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PIPING LINE SYMBOL

Piping carries its own set of symbols

PIPING SPECIAL SYMBOL

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PIPING SPECIAL SYMBOL

PIPING

Y Type Strainer Blindable flange Reducer Reducer

Concerntric Encerntric
Spectacle blind

Steam Trap

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PIPING FITTING SYMBOL

Piping systems require fittings in order to change direction and connect to all
of the equipment and devices required to make them function

PIPING FITTING SYMBOL

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PIPING FITTING SYMBOL

PIPING FITTING SYMBOL

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Identify the equipment in this drawing

a. Describe briefly the function of

equipment below
i. Dryers
ii. Pump and Compressors
iii. Heat Exchangers
iv. Furnace and Boilers
v. Drivers
b. List and sketch standard equipment
symbols in (a). Refer your answers to
standard references used in plant

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