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Enseñado por: Andrew Ng, Associate Professor, Stanford University; Chief

Scientist, Baidu; Chairman and Co-founder, Coursera

What is machine learning? You probably use it dozens of times a day without even
knowing it. Each time you do a web search on Google or Bing, that works so well
because their machine learning software has figured out how to rank what pages.
When Facebook or Apple's photo application recognizes your friends in your
pictures, that's also machine learning. Each time you read your email and a spam
filter saves you from having to wade through tons of spam, again, that's because
your computer has learned to distinguish spam from non-spam email. So, that's
machine learning. There's a science of getting computers to learn without being
explicitly programmed. One of the research projects that I'm working on is getting
robots to tidy up the house. How do you go about doing that? Well what you can do
is have the robot watch you demonstrate the task and learn from that. The robot can
then watch what objects you pick up and where to put them and try to do the same
thing even when you aren't there. For me, one of the reasons I'm excited about this
is the AI, or artificial intelligence problem. Building truly intelligent machines, we can
do just about anything that you or I can do. Many scientists think the best way to
make progress on this is through learning algorithms called neural networks, which
mimic how the human brain works, and I'll teach you about that, too. In this class,
you learn about machine learning and get to implement them yourself. I hope you
sign up on our website and join us.

What is Machine Learning?

Two definitions of Machine Learning are offered. Arthur Samuel described it as: "the
field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly
programmed." This is an older, informal definition.

Tom Mitchell provides a more modern definition: "A computer program is said to
learn from experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and performance
measure P, if its performance at tasks in T, as measured by P, improves with
experience E."

Example: playing checkers.

E = the experience of playing many games of checkers

T = the task of playing checkers.

P = the probability that the program will win the next game.

In general, any machine learning problem can be assigned to one of two broad
classifications:

Supervised learning and Unsupervised learning.

3.

How to Use Discussion Forums

Upvoting Posts

When you enter the discussion forum for your course, you will see an Upvote button
under each post. We encourage you to upvote posts you find thoughtful, interesting,
or helpful. This is the best way to ensure that quality posts will be seen by other
learners in the course. Upvoting will also increase the likelihood that important
questions get addressed and answered.

Report Abuse

Coursera's Code of Conduct prohibits:

Bullying or threatening other users

Posting spam or promotional content
Posting mature content
Posting assignment solutions (or other violations of the Honor Code)
Please report any posts that infringe upon copyright or are abusive, offensive, or that
otherwise violate Coursera’s Honor Code by using the Report this option found under
the menu arrow to the right of each post.

Following

If you find a particular thread interesting, click the Follow button under the original
post of that thread page. When you follow a post, you will receive an email
notification anytime a new post is made.

Improving Your Posts

Course discussion forums are your chance to interact with thousands of like-minded
individuals around the world. Getting their attention is one way to do well in this
course. In any social interaction, certain rules of etiquette are expected and
contribute to more enjoyable and productive communication. The following are tips
for interacting in this course via the forums, adapted from guidelines originally
compiled by AHA! and Chuq Von Rospach & Gene Spafford:

Stay on topic in existing forums and threads. Off-topic posts make it hard for other
learners to find information they need. Post in the most appropriate forum for your
topic, and do not post the same thing in multiple forums.
Use the filters at the top of the forum page (Latest, Top, and Unanswered) to find
active, interesting content.
Upvote posts that are helpful and interesting.
Be civil. If you disagree, explain your position with respect and refrain from any and
all personal attacks.
Stay on topic. In particular, don’t change the subject in the middle of an existing
thread – just start a new topic.
Make sure you’re understood, even by non-native English speakers. Try to write full
sentences, and avoid text-message abbreviations or slang. Be careful when you use
humor and sarcasm as these messages are easy to misinterpret.
If asking a question, provide as much information as possible, what you’ve already
considered, what you’ve already read, etc.
Cite appropriate references when using someone else’s ideas, thoughts, or words.
Do not use a forum to promote your product, service, or business.
Conclude posts by inviting other learners to extend the discussion. For example, you
could say “I would love to understand what others think.”
Do not post personal information about other posters in the forum.
Report spammers.
For more details, refer to Coursera's Forum Code of Conduct.

These tips and tools for interacting in this course via the forums were adapted from
guidelines originally by The University of Illinois.