You are on page 1of 4

Assignments:

Write a short report on the followings, approximately 1500 word each


Applications where DC servo drives are competitive
Application of AC servo drives
Strengths and weakness and typical application of 3 phase induction motor drives.
Applications of DC servo drives
DC motors and DC servo drives are plays very crucial rolls in automations and its constructions and
control algorithms or methods are varying one application to another. The servo motors are designed for closed-
loop feedback system. DC servo drives and motors have many designs and sizes, which are used in many
applications from computer-controlled lathes to airplane models and cars. The latest DC servo drives and motors
are used in robots, the same type of motors used with advanced AI based DC servo drives for auto pilot airplane
models and drive less cars. The very simplest servo drives use position-only sensing via a potentiometer and
bang-bang control of their motor; the motor always rotates at full speed (or is stopped). This type of servomotor is
not widely used in industrial motion control, but it forms the basis of the simple and cheap servos used for radio-
controlled models.
More sophisticated servo drives measure both the position and also the speed of the motor output shaft.
They may also control the speed of their motor, rather than always running at full speed. Both of these
enhancements, usually in combination with a PID control algorithm, allow the servomotor to be brought to its
commanded position more quickly and more precisely, with less overshooting.
Applications: DC servo drives finds its applications in various domain. Some of them are given below:
For very high voltage power systems, dc motors are preferred because they operate more efficiently than
comparable ac servomotor. It has also find its application in inkjet printers and RC helicopters. To drive
conveyors used in Industrial manufacturing and assembling units to pass an object from one assembly station to
another. It is also used in solar tracking system. DC servomotors are widely used in robots, toy cars and other
position controlled devices. Widely used in radars, computers, robots, machine tools tracking system, process
controllers etc.
Modern day in competitive markets DC servo drives may also include various features which may be
important for certain applications. These include:

1. Regeneration - Method of braking in which the motor is disconnected from the power supply and power
generated from the rotating motor is sent back to the supply.
2. Programmability and configuration - Device can be programmed with routine configurations and
commands for greater functionality and process control.
3. Auto restart - Drive is designed to automatically restart operation after a cycle of work.
As mentioned earlier, due to the advantages of closed loop operation, armature controlled d.c. servomotors are
more preferred than field controlled DC Servo Let us see one or two applications in detail.
a) Servo stabilizer
The supply voltage in practice may vary due to number of reasons. But such variations in the supply voltage
are undesirable for many practical applications. The supply voltage for various appliance is required to be kept
constant.
The stabilizer is a device which keeps the output voltage constant, accepting a variable voltage. In a servo
stabilizer there is a transformer whose secondary can be smoothly tapped using a servomotor drive. The
servomotor drives the shaft and controls the position of tap on the secondary as per the control signal, to keep
output constant.
The armature controlled DC servo drives motor is used for such servo stabilizer. Any change in the secondary
voltage is fed back to the error detector. The error signal is generated, comparing it with a reference input. This is
given to the controller which decides proper controlling action. The signal from the controller is not enough to
drive the servomotor. Hence the signal obtained from the controller is amplified and then given to the armature of
the servomotor, which inturn adjusts the tapping on the secondary to keep voltage constant.
The entire scheme is shown in the Fig. 5.

Fig. 5 Application of d.c. servomotor : Servostabilizer

1.2 Position Control System


In such application, it is required to keep the position of the load constant. Such a system where output
position is kept constant is called as position control system. The output position is sensed and fedback to the
potentiometer used as an error detector. For any change in the output position θL, the potentiometer generates an
error signal proportional to the difference θr and θL. The θr is the reference position corresponding to the ideal
output position. The error signal is given to the amplifier and the output of the amplifier is given to the armature
of a d.c. motor. The d.c. motor maintains the output shaft position constant. The entire scheme is called d.c.
position control system which is shown in the Fig. 6.

Fig. 6 Application of d.c. servomotor : D.C. position control system


The other applications of d.c. servomotors are,
1. Air craft control systems
2. Electromechanical actuators
3. Process controllers
4. Robotics
5. Machine Tools
Industrial standard on servo drives
IEC 61800-1:1997: -
Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems - Part 1: General Requirements - Rating specifications
for low voltage adjustable speed DC power drive systems
ISO 13849-1:2015
SO 13849-1:2015 provides safety requirements and guidance on the principles for the design and integration of
safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS), including the design of software. Provides safety requirements
and guidance on the principles for the design and integration of safety-related parts of control systems ISO 13849-
1:2006 provides specific requirements for SRP/CS using programmable electronic system
BS EN 61508-1:2010
Functional safety of electrical/electronic/ programmable electronic safety-related systems. General
requirements
IEC 61131-1 General information
establishes the definitions and identify the principal characteristics relevant to the selection and
application of programmable controllers and their associated peripherals. Current version is 2.0 from 2003.

Four-quadrant current-regulated DC servo drive using a fuzzy logic-based controller


High performance servo applications require the motor drive to follow speed commands with minimal steady-
state error and overshoots. Such drive systems must have fast acceleration and deceleration capabilities so that the
desired speed command profile is always followed, even under load torque disturbances [1], [2]. Voltage source
switch mode dc-dc converters drive most dc servos, where the use of high switching frequencies reduces torque
ripples on the motor shaft. Moreover, such converters require both current and voltage reversing capability to
match rapidly changing speed references and compensate for step load disturbances

A novel four quadrant DC series motor control drive for traction applications

The most used strategy for DC series motors control is the application of a variable voltage according some
specific current control scheme. In the past this voltage variation was obtained by variable additional resistances.
That means a very low efficiency and a non-smooth current and torque. At present, using IGBT technology it is
possible to improve the control and efficiency of DC drives by the design of appropriate DC/DC converters. In
this paper a novel four quadrant control is presented. This solution shows the following characteristics: 100%
solid state DC drive, control in 4 quadrants, regenerative braking, it does not use neither electromechanical
contactors nor additional resistances, soft control of current and torque and low maintenance cost. Fig 1 shows a
simplified diagram of the proposed solution. Armature and field windings are connected to an IGBT H bridge.
Field winding is connected to a diode rectifier, in order to have always the same direction of current. Armature
current and field current are not identical, due to a freewheeling diode effect in the field winding. However, both
currents have the same average value
Position control of DC servo drive using fuzzy logic controller

This paper presents the position control scheme of DC servo motor drive. The fuzzy PI controller is developed for
controlling the position of DC servo motor drive. The DC servo motors are highly preferred because of high
power rating and speed of the motor. The proposed technique is a closed loop real time control scheme where the
position control is obtained through position sensor, it is coupled with the motor shaft for provide a feedback
position signal. The position control scheme of DC servo motor drive incorporating the fuzzy logic control which
is experimentally implemented using a digital signal peripheral interface controller dspic 30F2010. The
performances of the proposed fuzzy logic controller based DC servo motor drive were investigated and it is
compared with conventional PI controller based drive. The simulated and experimental results of conventional
and fuzzy controller is compared and results illustrates that the FLC gives better dynamic performance also it is
more robust for industrial position control drive applications.
In recent years DC motors are used in high performance drive system because of its advantages. A DC servo
motor which is usually a DC motor of low power rating is used as an actuator to drive a load. It is having high
ratio of starting torque to inertia and faster dynamic response. Because of their high reliability, flexibility and low
cost, DC servo motors are widely used in industrial applications, robot manipulators and home appliances where
speed and position control of motor are required [1]–[4]. It is a common actuator in control system, it is directly
provides the rotary and transitional motion. In this paper permanent magnet DC motor is preferred.

Followings list DC servo drives applications are currently competitive.


Marine Applications.
DC drives offer several advantages in marine applications. Compact sizing is one of the biggest advantages. DC
drives also adapt well from generator supplies such as found in the marine industry.
Crane/Hoist
DC servo offers several advantages in applications that operate at low speed, such as cranes and hoists.
Advantages include low speed accuracy, short-time overload capability, size, torque proving control, and load
sharing.
Mining/Drilling
DC is often preferred in the high horsepower applications required in the mining and drilling industry. DC drives
offer advantages in size and cost. They are rugged, dependable, and proven in the industry.

You might also like