Measat 3a

MEASAT-3a is a communications satellite which MEASAT intends to operate in

geosynchronous orbit at 91.5 degrees East longitude. It was built by Orbital Sciences
Corporation, based on the STAR-2 spacecraft platform. Orbital completed the satellite and all of
its contractual requirements, and shipped the satellite to its Baikonur, Kazakhstan launch site in
July 2008. The satellite was mated to the Block DM upper stage of the Zenit-3SLB rocket when
it was struck by the operator cab of the overhead crane. The hazardous propellants were
successfully offloaded and the spacecraft was decontaminated and returned to the United
States for repair work, with a projected launch date of Spring/Summer 2009.

The satellite carries 12 Ku-band and 12 C-band active transponders along with three antennas.
MEASAT-3a serves C-band markets throughout the region with a global beam, and Ku-band
beams serve direct-to-home broadcasting markets on Malaysia and Indonesia. The satellite is
located at an orbital slot at 91.5 degrees East Longitude over Southeast Asia and generates
approximately 3.6 kilowatts of payload power.
Spacecraft

Orbital GEO communications satellites are based on Orbital’s STAR™-2 spacecraft platform,
lightweight geosynchronous buses that provide high reliability, performance and capacity in a
relatively low-cost system. These platforms can accommodate up to 42 transponders, provide
up to 7.5 kilowatts of payload power and operate over a 15-year life – ideal for telephony, data
and broadcasting applications. STAR GEO satellites are smaller and less costly to build and
launch than those offered by the industry’s traditional suppliers.

Coverage:

Asia, the Middle East and Africa

Mission:

C-band Fixed Satellite Services (FSS)

and Ku-band Direct-To-Home (DTH)

television broadcasting

Customer:

MEASAT Satellite Systems - Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia
Specifications

Spacecraft

Launch Mass: 2,417 kg (4,448 lb.)

Solar Arrays: Three panels per array, UTJ Gallium Arsenide cells

Stabilization: 3-axis stabilized

Propulsion: Monopropellant (hydrazine) on-orbit system

Batteries: Two 4248 W-Hr

Mission Life: 15 years

Orbit: 91.5 degrees East Longitude

Hybrid Payload

C-band

Repeater: 12 active transponders with 15-for-12 linearized 60 W TWTA's

TWTA Power: 60 W RF

Antenna: 2.3 m dual gridded shaped deployable reflector; 1.2 m deck-mounted antenna

Ku-band

Repeater: 12 active transponders with 15-for-12 linearized TWTA's

TWTA Power: 120 W RF

Antenna: 2.3 m dual gridded shaped deployable reflector

Launch

Launch Vehicle: Zenit

Site: Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan

Date: June 21, 2009

Measat 3
MEASAT-3 was successfully launched on December 12, 2006, 7.35 am (Malaysian Time,
GMT +8.00 HRS) from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan.

In March 2003, MEASAT Satellite Systems Sdn. Bhd. of Malaysia ordered a Boeing 601HP
satellite, giving it the designation MEASAT-3 at that time. MEASAT-3 joined the existing Boeing-
built MEASAT-1 and MEASAT-2 spacecraft in the Malaysia-East Asia Satellite (MEASAT)
system.

International Launch Services (ILS) was contracted as the launch provider. Boeing was
specified to also provide an upgrade to the MEASAT ground facilities in Malaysia, as well as
training and launch support services.

The MEASAT-3 was launched on board an ILS service vehicle Proton M/Breeze M with a
'five-burn to orbit' sequence. It entered commercial service on January 25, 2007 at a
geostationary orbit of 91.5 degrees East (co-located with MEASAT-1). The C band and Ku band
now covers geographically remote areas such as Sabah, Sarawak, and North India and
expands the MEASAT fleet's coverage to more than 100 countries embracing Australia, Middle
East, Eastern Europe and Africa.

MEASAT-3 transponders' specifications:

C BAND TRANSPONDERS

EIRP (dBW) 41 (Global beam), 45 (Asia beam)

G/T (dB/K) +0.5 (Global beam), +2.8 (Asia beam)

TWTA power 65 Watts

Transponder
24x36 MHz
bandwidth

Channel polarization Linear

Uplink: 5,925-6,725 MHz

Frequency band
Downlink: 3,400-4,200 MHz
 Ku BAND TRANSPONDERS

EIRP (dBW) 57 (Maximum)

G/T (dB/K) +14 (Maximum)

TWTA power 120 Watts

Transponder
24x36 MHz
bandwidth

Channel polarization Linear

Uplink: 13.75-14.5 GHz

Frequency band
Downlink: 10.95-12.75 GHz
Tiungsat
TiungSAT-1 or MySat (Malaysian Satellite) is the first microsatellite for the Astronautic
Technology (M) SDN. BHD. Company (ATSB) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was built by SSTL,
at the Surrey Space Centre under a UKP8.4m contract (1997), within a Know- How Technology
Transfer Programme between the UK and Malaysia, including the installation of a satellite
control centre in Malaysia. Communications

The mission objectives of the satellite are: advanced remote sensing and digital store and
forward communications. Other payloads include a digital data transfer experiment, positioning
using an on-board GPS receiver and a cosmic ray detection TiungSAT-1 uses Radio Amateur
Frequencies, thereby giving the Radio Amateur Society access to its Earth images and
communications capabilities. TiungSAT was launched on a DNEPR launch vehicle into a 650km
orbit in September 2000 under the auspices of the Russian Space Agency. The first images
from its Earth imaging cameras were obtained within just one week of launch.

Payloads

• Technology Demonstration

• Space Science

• Amateur Radio Access

• Earth Imaging System

• GPS Navigation & Attitude

• Data Transfer Experiment (DTE

• Digital Signal Processing

• Cosmic Ray Detection Experiment (CEDEX)

• Momentum Wheel

The mission objectives of the satellite are:

 advanced remote sensing and

 digital store and forward communications.
Mission

Customer = ATSB (Malaysia

Contract= UKP8.4m (1997), including spacecraft, payloads, ground-segment,

production license and training.

Design life= 5 years nominal, expectancy > 10 years.

Schedule= 18 months to launch readiness

Launch= 26 Sep. 2000 into a 650 km altitude, 64° inclination orbit.

Earth Imaging System

Wide Angle Camera (WAC)= 1200m GSD; Field of View 1200 x1200 km.

Narrow Angle Camera (NAC)= 3 cameras (R, G, B); 80 m GSD; FOV 80 x 80 km.

NAC Optics= 100 mm aperture diameter, 75 mm focal length.

WAC and NAC= sensors Staring array, 1024 x 1024 pixel CCD.

CEDEX Multichannel Analyser= 512 channels, 0.05pC charge resolution

Instrument Charge Range= 0.2 pC to 24 pC equivalent to a normal incidence particle Linear

Energy Transfer of ~60 MeV cm2 g-1 to ~7500 MeV cm2 g-1

CEDEX

Multichannel Analyser= 512 channels, 0.05pC charge resolution

Instrument Charge Range= 0.2 pC to 24 pC equivalent to a normal incidence particle Linear

Energy Transfer of ~60 MeV cm2 g-1 to ~7500 MeV cm2 g-1

Maximum Count= 200,000 particles per second.

Directional Resolution= Coincidence detector & associated logic.

Momentum Wheel

Characteristics= 1 kg mass, 5 mN-m torque, 0.22 nms storage

GPS Experimental Microsatellite
Description= SSTL GPS Rx, developed with ESA, for on-board orbit determination
Two GPS RX patch antennas and reference source for attitude.

Physical

Dimensions= 360 x 360 x 690 mm, deployables stowed.

Mass= 50 kg

Power

Solar Panels= Four body mounted GaAs cell panels @36W each; Peak 50 W.

Battery= 10cell 7Ah NiCd battery.

Dual Redundancy= BCR, Power conditioning & distribution modules.

ADCS

Stabilisation= Gravity gradient stabilised with magnetorquer contro.l

Sensors= 2-axis analogue Sun sensors (x2), 3-axis magnetometers (x2), Earth underneath /
Sun overhead (UED/SOD) detector.

Actuators= Gravity gradient boom, 3- axis magnetorquers (x2), momentum wheel

Attitude= Nadir pointing with yaw control. GPS attitude experiment.

Pointing knowledge= ±1° roll & pitch (3s); ±3° yaw (3s).

Pointing Capability= ±5° of nadir roll, pitch & yaw.

Navigation

NORAD= GPS RX option for on-board generation of Keplerian orbit elements

Command and data handling

Processor= 80186 with 768 kB program memory and 14MB RAMDisk; 80386EX & 387 co-
processor, 4MB program memory, 128 MB RAM.

Distribution= One Data Sharing (DASH) Network and Two Control Area Networks.

TTC= Telecommand and telemetry systems.

Operating System= In-orbit reprogrammable

Communications

Uplink =Three receivers at 9.6 kbps; Rx1 operates at 144.46 MHz Rx2 and Rx3 operate at
145.85, 145.925 selectable.

Downlink= Dual redundant. 2.5 to 10 W output power; 9.6, 38.4, 76.8 kbps selectable, 437.300,
437.325, 437.350, 437.375 MHz selectable.

Antennas= One per downlink antennas on +Z face; On +Z & -Z faces per uplink.
Razaksat

This satellite is Malaysia's second remote sensing satellite after TiungSAT-1. Originally called
MACSAT, RazakSAT's payload is mainly electro-optical, carrying a Medium-sized Aperture
Camera (MAC) which is a pushbroom camera with five linear detectors (one panchromatic, four
multi-spectral) weighing approximately 50 kg. The entire satellite weighs at about 180 kg.

Lounch

SpaceX launched RazakSAT at 03:35 UTC on July 14, 2009 using a Falcon 1 rocket. This
was the fifth flight of a Falcon 1, and like the previous flights lift-off was from Omelek Island in
the Kwajalein Atoll. At 05:25 UTC Elon Musk, founder and CEO of SpaceX, told a reporter the
launch had been a success. "We nailed the orbit to well within target parameters...pretty much a
bullseye." Musk said.
Operations

RazakSAT's mission plan will be carried out by engineers from ATSB. Control operations will
be conducted through Malaysian National Space Agency 's Ground Station in Banting, Selangor
and ATSB's ground station in Shah Alam, Selangor consisting of a Mission Control Station
(MCS) and Image Receiving and Processing Station (IRPS). Another Malaysian ground station
which would be able to receive images from the satellite is the Remote Sensing Malaysia
groundstation in Temerloh, Pahang. The IRPS will receive and archive images for post
processing and distribution to the users.[citation needed]

This is especially important because Malaysia is usually covered by the equatorial cloud
bands. Normal sun-synchronous optical satellites, which may re-visit an area only once every
14 days, will almost never be able to see the ground during their pass. As a result, much optical
imagery of Malaysia is years out of date.[citation needed]

Razaksat, on the other hand, will revisit some part of Malaysian territory every 90 minutes,
maximising its ability to exploit gaps in the clouds, and substantially improving coverage of the
country as a result
SpecificationsSubsystems
Altitude
Inclination
Payload (MAC)
Attitude Determination & Control
Subsystem (ADCS)
Electrical Power Subsystem (EPS)
Command & Data Handling Subsystem
(C&DH)
Telecommunication Subsystem (TS)
Payload Data Management
Structure & Thermal
Mission Lifetime
Specifications
685 km
9°
GSD : 2.5 m (PAN), 5 m (MS)
Swathwidth : 20 km @ 685 km
Three-axis stabilization based on four (reaction
wheels)
Pointing Accuracy : < 0.2° (2 s)
Pointing Knowledge : 1 arcmin (2 s
GaAs/Ge solar cells on honeycomb substrate
NiCd batteries (18 Ahr)
Peak Power Tracking (PPT) & constant current control
Solar Power : >300 W @ EOL
Two on-board computers
Telemetry and command interface modules
Analog Telemetry channels : up to 90
Digital Telemetry channels : up to 120
9,600 bit/s / 1,200 bit/s S-brand TT&C uplink
38.4 kbs / 9,600 bit/s / 1,200 bit/s S-brand TT&C
downlink
32 Gbit On-board solid-state memory
30 Mbit/s X band payload data downlink
Ø1,200 x 1,200 mm Hexagonal shape
Mass : 180 kg
Modular structure
Passive & Active thermal control
> 3 Years
 FACULTY OF INFORMATION SCIENCES & ENGINEERING

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
(TEL2044)
ASSIGNMENT 3

NAME: ASWIN KUMAR A/L KRISHNAN

ID: 0120001375

LECTURER: PN NURUL FAZILAWATI