CONSTITUTIONAL LAW II

2nd Semester 2017-2018

Atty. Ruben S. Ayson Jr.

Coverage

1. Fundamental powers of the State

2. Due Process Clause
3. Equal Protection Clause
4. Freedom of Speech and Expression
5. Freedom of Religion and Non-establishment of religion
6. Freedom of Association and Assembly
7. Rights of the Accused
8. Searches and Seizure
9. Arrest
10. Writ of Habeas Corpus, Writ of Amparo, Writ of Habeas Data
11. Privacy of Communication and Correspondence
12. Liberty of Abode and Travel
13. Cruel, Degrading or Inhuman Punishment
14. Access to information
15. Academic Freedom
16. Non-impairment of Contracts Clause
17. Ex post Facto Legislation and Bill of Attainder
18. Non-imprisonment for debt and involuntary servitude
19. Free access to courts and quasi-judicial bodies

Course objectives

1. Give the students a firm grasp of the principles of Constitutional Law

2. Foster critical thinking on issues and current events related to the topics under the subject

Course methodology

1. Classes will be conducted using the Socratic Method

2. There will be graded recitations, assignments, and examinations
3. Recitation, assignments, and examinations will cover provisions of the Constitution, relevant
laws, and jurisprudence

Class policies

1. Questions from students relating to the lesson are encouraged

2. The assigned cases must be read for recitation and examination purposes
3. Exams will be in essay form
4. Keep absences and tardiness to a minimum
5. No textbook is required (Students are free to choose the reference they will use)
6. Cellphones and other gadgets must be turned off or put into silent mode during class

Grading system:
25% - Recitation
35% - Midterm Exam
35% - Final Exam
5% - Attendance
Passing grade- 60%

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THE BILL OF RIGHTS

I. INTRODUCTION

Cases: Allado vs. Diokno 232 SCRA 192 (1994)

Ysaruegi vs. Philippine Airlines, 569 SCRA 467 (2008)
SJS vs. Dangerous Drugs Board, 570 SCRA 410 (2008)
Valeroso vs. Court of Appeals, 598 SCRA 41 (2009)

Definition and Hierarchy of rights under the Bill of Rights (Doctrine of Preferred Freedom)

Phil. Blooming Mills Employees vs. Philippine Blooming Mills Co. 50 SCRA 189 (1990)
Ermita Malate Hotel and Motel Operators vs. City of Manila 20 SCRA 849 (1967)
Morfe vs. Mutuc, 22 SCRA 424 (1968)
Social Justice Society vs. Atienza, 545 SCRA 92 (2007) and 545 SCRA 92 (2008)
Diocese of Bacolod vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 205728, January 21, 2015
1 Utak vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 206020, April 14, 2015

II. SCOPE OF CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION

A. Who are entitled to constitutional protection

i. Citizenship and alienage

1987 Constitution Article IV

R.A. No. 8171
R.A. No. 9225

Qua Chee Gan vs. Deportation Board, 9 SCRA 27 (1963)

Harvey vs. Defensor-Santiago, 162 SCRA 840 (1988)
Yu vs. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364 (1989)
Board of commissioner (CID) vs. Dela Rosa et al., 197 SCRA 853 (1991)

ii. Juridical persons

Central Bank vs. Morfe, 20 SCRA 507 (1967)

Stonehill vs. Diokno, 20 SCRA 383 (1967)

B. Who are subject to constitutional prohibitions

State action requirement

People vs. Marti,193 SCRA 57 (1991)

Pruneyard Shopping Center vs. Robins, 447 US 74 (1980)
Serrano vs. NLRC, 323 SCRA 445 (2000)
BPI vs. Casa Montessori Internationale, 430 SCRA 261(2004)

III. FUNDAMENTAL POWERS OF THE STATE

Similarities and Differences

Planters Products Inc. Vs. Fertiphil Corporation, 548 SCRA 485 (2008)
Gerochi vs. Department of Energy 527 SCRA 696 (2007)

a. Police power

Cases: U.S. v. Toribio, 15 Phil. 85 (1910)

US vs. Pompeya 31 Phil 245 (1915)
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 Ichong vs. Hernandez, 101 Phil 115 (1957)
Lutz vs. Araneta, 101 Phil 1155 (1957)
Ermita Malate Motel vs. City Mayor, 20 SCRA 849 (1967)
Agustin vs. Edu, 88 SCRA 195 (1979)
City Government of QC vs. Ericta 207 Phil. 648 (1983)
Lozano vs. Martinez, 146 SCRA 323 (1986)
Ynot vs. IAC, 148 SCRA 659 (1987) PASE vs. Drilon 163 SCRA 386 (1988)
Association of Small Landowners vs. Secretary of Agrarian Reform 175 SCRA 343(1989)
DECS vs San Diego, 180 SCRA 533 (1989)
Carlos Superdrug vs. DSWD, 526 SCRA 130(2007)
Whitelight Corporation vs. City of Manila 576 SCRA 416 (2009)
People vs. Siton, 600 SCRA 476 (2009)
Manila Memorial Park vs. Secretary of DSWD, G.R. No. 175356, December 3, 2013
Aquino vs. Municipality of Malay, Aklan, G.R. No. 211356, September 29, 2014

b. Power of Eminent Domain

(Art. III, Sec. 9)

Cases: City of Manila vs. Chinese Community of Manila, G.R. No. 14355, October 31 1919
People vs. Fajardo, G.R. No. L-12172, August 29, 1958
Republic vs PLDT, 26 SCRA 620 (1969)
Amigable vs. Cuenca, 43 SCRA 360 (1972)
Republic vs. Vda de Castelvii 58 SCRA 336 (1974)
De Knecht vs. Baustista,100 SCRA 660 (1980)
Sumulong vs. Guerrero, 154 SCRA 461(1987)
EPZA vs. Dulay, 149 SCRA 305 (1987)
Philippine Press Institute vs COMELEC, 314 Phil. 131 (1995).
Manosca vs Court of Appeals, 252 SCRA 412 (1996)
Municipality of Paranaque vs. VM Realty Corporation, 292 SCRA 678 (1998)
Dipidio Earth Savers vs. Gozun, 485 SCRA 587 (2006)
Manapat vs. Court of Appeals, 536 SCRA 32 (2007)
OSG vs. Ayala Land Inc., 600 SCRA 617 (2009)
Republic of the Philippines vs Ortigas and Company 717 SCRA 601 (2014)
Republic vs. Heirs of Borbon, G.R. No. 165354, January 12, 2015

c. Power of taxation

Cases: Punzalan vs Municipal Board of Manila, G.R. No. L-4817, May 26, 1954
Pascual vs. Secretary, 110 Phil 331 (1960)
Tolentino vs. Lladoc vs CIR, G.R. No. L-19201, June 16,1965
Abra Valley vs. Aquino, G.R. No. L-39086, June 15, 1988
Secretary of Finance, 235 SCRA 630 (1994)
Tan vs. Del Rosario, 237 SCRA 324 (1994)
John Hay PAC vs. Lim, 414 SCRA 356 (2003)
Lung Center vs. Quezon City, 433 SCRA 119 (2004)
Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Eastern Telecommunications 624 SCRA 340 (2010)
Gulf Air Company vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 681 SCRA 377 (2012)
Smart Communications vs. Municipality of Malvar, 716 SCRA 677 (2014)
Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Stanley Works Sales December 3, 2014

IV. DUE PROCESS CLAUSE

(Art. III, Sec. 1)

a. Meaning
i. Right to life
Burgos vs. Arroyo, G.R. No.183711, June 22, 2010
Balao vs. Arroyo, G.R. No.186050 December 13, 2011
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 In re: Rodriguez vs. Arroyo, G.R. No. 191805, November 15, 2011
Araullo vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 209287, July 1, 2014

ii. Right to liberty

Rubi vs. Provincial board of Mindoro 38 Phil 660 (1919)
People vs Pomar, 46 Phil 440 (1924)
City of Manila, et al. v. Hon. Laguio, Jr., 455 SCRA 308 (2005)
Reyes vs. Gonzales, 606 SCRA 580 (2009)

iii. Right to property

Terrace vs. Thompson, 263 US 197
Adiong v. COMELEC, 207 SCRA 712 (1992)
Chavez vs. Executive Secretary , 431 SCRA 534 (2004)
Carlos Superdrug vs. DSWD, 526 SCRA 130(2007)

iv. Exclusions
Cornejo v. Gabriel, 41 Phil.188 (1920)
Pedro vs. Rizal, G.R. No. 34163 (1931)
Aparri vs. Court of Appeals 127 SCRA 231 (1984)
Crespo vs. Provincial Board, 16 SCRA 66 (1988)
Oposa v. Factoran Jr., 224 SCRA 792 (1993)
Libanan vs. Sandiganbayan, 233 SCRA 163 (1994)
JMM Promotion vs. Court of Appeals, 260 SCRA 319 (1996)
Republic vs. Rosemoor Mining, 426 SCRA 517 (2004)

Preventive suspension
Layno vs. Sandiganbayan, 136 SCRA 536 (1985)
Deloso vs. Sandiganbayan, 173 SCRA 409 (1989)

b. Aspects of Due process

Procedural and Substantive due process

i. Procedural Due Process

Banco Espanol Filipino vs. Palanca, 37 Phil 921 (1918)

Javier vs. COMELEC, 144 SCRA 194 (1986)
Galman vs. Sandiganbayan, 144 SCRA 43 (1986)
Rivera vs. Civil Service, 240 SCRA 43 (1995)
PHILCOMSAT vs. Alcuaz, 180 SCRA 218 (1989)
UP vs. Ligot-Telan, 227 SCRA 342 (1993)
Marcos vs. Sandiganbayan, 285 SCRA 504 (1998)
Estrada vs. Sandiganbayan, 369 SCRA 394 (2001)
Perez vs. PLDT, 584 SCRA 110 (2009)
Reyes vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 207264, October 22, 2013

ii. "Old" Substantive Due Process: Protection of Property Interests

Calder vs. Bull, 3 US (3 Dall) 386 (1973)

Lochner vs. New York, 198 US 48 (1905)
People vs. Pomar, 46 Phil 440 (1924)
Pakistan International Airlines vs. Ople, 190 SCRA 90(1980)
NDC and AGRIX vs. Philippine Veterans, 192 SCRA 257 (1990)
People vs. Nazario, 165 SCRA 132 (1988)
Balacuit vs. CFI, 163 SCRA 182 (1988)
City of Manila, et al. v. Hon. Laguio, Jr., 455 SCRA 308 (2005)

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iii. Protected interests in Property

a. "Regulation" under Due Process Clause vs. "Taking" of Property via the power of
Eminent Domain
Constitution Art. III, Sec. 9
R. A. No. 8974, Villar Law on the Zoning Value of Land

Cases: US vs. Causby, 328 US 256 (1946)

Churchill vs. Rafferty, 32 Phil. 580 (1915)
US vs. Toribio, 15 Phil 85 (1910)
Sangalang vs. IAC, 176 SCR 719 (1988)

b. "Taking" under Eminent Domain vs. "Taking" under the Social Justice Clause

Constitution Art. III, Sec. 1 and 4

R.A. No. 6657, Agrarian Reform Law
R.A. No. 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act

Social justice defined

Calalang vs. Williams 70 Phil 726 (1940)

Cases: De Knecht vs. Baustista, 100 SCRA 660 (1980)

Republic vs. De Knecht, 182 SCRA 441 (1990)
Manotok vs. NHA, 150 SCRA 89 (1987)
Sumulong vs. Guerrero, 154 SCRA 461 (1987)
Cariday vs. Court of Appeals (see Gutierrez dissenting), 176 SCRA 31 (1989)
Luz Farms vs. Secretary, 192 SCRA 51 (1990)

iv. "New" Substantive Due Process: Protection for "Liberty" interests in Privacy
US Cases
Olmstead vs. US (Brandeis Dissent), 277 US 438
Skinner vs. Oklahoma, 316 US 535 (1942)
Griswold vs. Connecticut, 381 US 479 (1965)
Eisenstadt vs. Baird, 405 US 438
Poe vs. Ullman, 367 US 479
Roe vs. Wade, 410 US 113 (1973)
Bowers vs. Hardwick, 106 S. Ct. 2841 (1986)
Lawrence vs. Texas, 02-0102 (26 June 2003)

Philippine Cases
Ople vs. Torres, 141 SCRA 293 (1998)
Bayan Muna vs. Ermita, G.R. No.167930 (2006)
Duncan Assoc. vs. Glaxo Welcome, 438 SCRA 343 (2004)
David vs. Arroyo, 489 SCRA 160 (2006)

v. Cardinal primary requirements of due process in administrative proceedings

Ang Tibay vs. CIR, 69 Phil 635 (1940)

Lumiqued vs. Exevea, 282 SCRA 125 (1997)
Velez vs. De Vera, 496 SCRA 346 (2006)
Montoya vs. Varilla, 574 SCRA 831 (2008)
Republic vs. Pilipinas Shell, 550 SCRA 680 (2008)
Marcelo vs. Bungubung , 552 SCRA 589 (2008)
Demaala vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 173523, February 19, 2014
Basaga vs. SpousesAcosta, G.R. No. 194061, April 20, 2015

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 vi. Due process in Labor Cases

Perez vs. PLDT, 584 SCRA 110 (2009)

White Light Corporation v. City of Manila 576 SCRA 416 (2009)

viii. Due process in criminal cases/Void for Vagueness vs overbreadth doctrine

People vs. Dela Piedra 350 SCRA 163 (2001)

Estrada vs. Sandiganbayan, 369 SCRA 394 (2001)
Southern Hemisphere Engagement Network, Inc. v. ATC, 632 SCRA 146.(2010)

V. EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE

Art. III, Sec. 1
Art. II, Sec. 14 and 22
Art IV
Art. XII, Sec. 2 and 22
US Cases
Bradwell vs. Illinois, 83 US 103 (1873)
Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 US 365 (1886)
Plessy vs. Ferguson, 163 US 537 (1896)
Korematsu vs. US, 323 US 214, (1944)
Goesaert vs. Cleary, 335 US 464 (1948)
Brown vs. Board of Education, 347 US 483 (1954); 349 US 294 (1955)
Geduldig vs. Aiello, 417 US 484 (1974)
University of California vs. Bakke, 438 US 265 (1978)
Personnel Administrator vs. Feeney, 442 US 256 (1979)
Michael M. vs. Superior Court, 450 US 464 (1981)
Mississippi Univ. School for Women vs. Hogan, 458 US 718 (1982)
Board of Directors vs. Rotary Club, 481 US 537 (1987)
Fragante vs. City and County of Honolulu, 888 F. 2d 591 (1989)
Fragante vs. City and County of Honolulu, 110 S. Ct. 1811 (1990)
Boy Scouts of America vs. Dale, No. 99-699 (28 June 2000)
Gratz vs. Bollinger, 539 US 244 (2003)

Philippine Cases
People vs. Cayat, 68 Phil 12 (1939)
Himagan vs. People of the Philippines, 237 SCRA 538 (1994)
International School Alliance vs. Quisumbing, 33 SCRA 14 (2000)
Garcia vs. Drilon, 699 SCRA 352 (2013)
Dumlao vs. COMELEC, 96 SCRA 392 (1980)
Villegas vs. Hiu Chiong Tsai Pao Ho, 86 SCRA 272 (1978)
Ormoc Sugar Central vs. Ormoc City, G.R. No. L-23794 , February 17, 1968
Philippine Judges Association vs. Prado, 227 SCRA 703 (1993)
Biraogo vs. Truth Commission, 637 SCRA 78 (2010)
Quinto v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 189698, Dec. 1, 2009 and Feb. 22, 2010
League of Cities vs. COMELEC, G.R. No.176951, 12 April 2011
Pichay vs. ODESLA, G.R. No. 181973 April 17, 2013
Remman Enterprises vs. Professional Regulatory board of Real Estate, 715 SCRA 293 (2014)

VI. FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSION

Art. III, Sec. 4

Freedom of Speech
Gitlow vs. New York, 268 US 652 (1925)
Chavez vs. Gonzales, 545 SCRA 441 (2008)
Diocese of Bacolod vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 205728, January 21, 2015
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Facial challenge/overbreadth doctrine
Romualdez vs. Sandiganbayan, 435 SCRA 371 (2004)
Romualdez vs. COMELEC, 553 SCRA 370 (2008)
Romualdez vs. COMELEC, 573 SCRA 639 (2008)

Modes of Expression
Fermin vs. People, 550 SCRA 132 (2008)
Tulfo vs. People, 565 SCRA 283 (2008)

a. Prior restraint and Subsequent punishment

Freedom from Censorship

Chavez vs. Gonzales, 545 SCRA 441 (2008)
New Sounds Broadcasting network vs. Dy, 583 SCRA 333 (2009)

Prior restraint
Near vs. Minnesota, 238 US 697 (1931)
Freedman vs. Maryland 380 US 551 (1965)
New York Times vs. US, 403 US 713 (1971)
SWS vs. COMELEC, 357 SCRA 496 (2001)
NBN and CBS vs. Dy, 583 SCRA 333 (2009)

Subsequent punishment
Abrams vs. US, 250 US 616 (1919)
People vs. Perez, 45 Phil 599 (1923)
Dennis vs. US, 341 US 494 (1951)
Eastern Broadcasting vs. Dans, 157 SCRA 647 (1985)

"Speech Plus": Symbolic Speech

US vs. O'Brien, 391 US 367 (1968)
Tinker vs. Des Moines School District, 393 US 503 (1969)
Texas vs. Johnson, 491 US 397 (1989)
Bascon vs. CA, 422 SCRA 122 (2004)

Advocacy of Abstract Doctrine

People vs. Hernandez, 11 SCRA 223 (1964)
People vs. Lava, G.R. No. L-4974, May 16, 1969

Imminent Action/Direct Incitement/National Security

Brandenburg vs. Ohio, 395 US 444 (1969)
Salonga vs. Pano,134 SCRA 438 (1985)
Eastern Broadcasting vs. Dans, 157 SCRA 647 (1985)
Freedom from Punishment

Clear and Present Danger Test

Schenck vs. US, 249 US 47 (1919)
Abrams vs. US, 250 US 616 (1919)
ABS-CBN vs. COMELEC 323 SCRA 811 (2000)
Concerned Boholanos for Law and Order vs. Calibo, 534 SCRA 196 (2007)
IBP vs. Atienza, 612 SCRA 308 (2010)
Marantan vs. Diokno, 716 SCRA 164 (2014)

Dangerous tendency Doctrine

Gitlow vs. New York, 268 US 652 (1925)
Cabansag vs. Fernandez 102 Phil. 152 (1957)

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 Balancing of interest
Gonzales vs. COMELEC, 27 SCRA 835 (1969)
Lagunzad vs. Vda de Gonzales, 92 SCRA 476 (1979)
AKBAYAN vs. Aquino, 558 SCRA 468 (2008)

Grave but improbable danger

Dennis vs. US, 334 US 494 (1951) (Hand's Formulation)

Content Neutral test

US vs. O'Brien, 391 US 367 (1968)
Osmena vs. COMELEC, 288 SCRA 447 (1998)

Free Speech and Suffrage

Gonzales vs. COMELEC, 27 SCRA 835 (1969)
Sanidad vs. COMELEC, 181 SCRA 529 (1990)
National Press Club, COMELEC, 207 SCRA 1 (1992)
Adiong vs. COMELEC, 207 SCRA 712 (1992)
SWS and Pulse Asia vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 208062, April 27, 2015

Use of Private Property as a Forum for other's Speech

Pruneyard Shipping Center vs. Robbins 447 US 74 (1980)

b. Unprotected Speech
1. Obscenity/Pornography
Ginzburg vs. US, 383 US 463 (1966)
Roth vs. US, 354 US 254 (1957)
Miller vs. California, 37 L. Ed. 2d 419 (1973)
Reno vs. ACLU, 521 US 844 (26 June 1997)
Gonzalez vs. Kalaw Katigbak 137 SCRA 717 (1985)
Pita vs. CA, 178 SCRA 362 (1989)
Fernando vs. CA, 510 SCRA 351 (2006)
Soriano vs. Laguardia G.R. No. 164785 April 29, 2009 and March 15, 2010
2. Defamation
Guingging vs. Court of Appeals, 471 SCRA 516 (2005)
Fermin vs. People, 550 SCRA 132 (2008)
Tulfo vs. People, 565 SCRA 283 (2008)

Pre- NY Times vs. Sullivan case in Philippine Jurisprudence

US vs. Bustos, 37 Phil 71 (1917)
Policarpio vs. Manila Times, 5 SCRA 148 (1962)
Lopez vs CA, 34 SCRA 116 (1970)

NY Times vs. Sullivan case - Chilling effect

NY Times vs. Sullivan, 376 US 254 (1964)
Garrison vs. Louisiana, 379 US 64 (1964)
Curtis Publishing Co. vs. Butts, 388 US 130 (1967)
Rosenbloom vs. Metromedia, 403 US 29 (1970)

NY Times vs. Sullivan case in Philippine Jurisprudence

Soliven vs. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 394 (1998)
Ayer Production vs. Judge Capulong, 160 SCRA 865 (1988)
Borjal vs. CA, 301 SCRA 1 (1999)
Vasquez vs. CA, 314 SCRA 460 (1999)
Guingging vs. Court of Appeals 471 SCRA 196 (2005)
GMA vs. Bustos, 504 SCRA 638 (2006)

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 Reversion to Pre-Sullivan in Philippine Jurisprudence
Fermin vs. People, 550 SCRA 132 (2008)
Diaz vs. People, G.R. No. 159787 (2007)

Supreme Court and Freedom of Speech

In re Lozano, 54 Phil 801 (1930)
In re Jurado, 243 SCRA 288 (1995)

Cyberspace
Disini vs. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 203335, February 11, 2014

3. Infringes upon right to privacy

Public Figure Doctrine
Ayer Production vs. Judge Capulong, 160 SCRA 865 (1988)
Yuchengco vs. Manila Chronicle, G.R. No. 184315, November 25, 2009
Fortune vs. Quinsayas, G.R. No. 194578, February 13, 2013

4. Fighting Words, Offensive Words

Chaplinsky vs. New Hampshire, 315 US 568 (1942)
Cohen vs. California, 403 US 15 (1971)

5. Hate speech
MVRS vs. Islamic Da'wah of the Philippines, 178 SCRA 178 (1989)

6. Seditious Speech
People of the Philippines vs. Perez, G.R. No. L-21049 December 22, 1923
Guingging vs. Court of Appeals 471 SCRA 196 (2005)
Chavez vs. Gonzales, 545 SCRA 441 (2008)

7. Advertising
Pharmaceutical and Health Care Association of the Philippines v. Duque III, 535 SCRA 265
(2007)
.
8. Speech in special Places
US vs. Bustos, 37 Phil. 731 (1918)
Mutuc vs. COMELEC, 36 SCRA 228 (1970)

Freedom of the Press

Near vs. Minnesota, 283 US 697
Grosjean vs. American Press Co., 297 US 233
NY Times vs. US, 403 US 713
NY Times vs. Sullivan, 376 US 254
Newsweek Inc. vs. IAC, 142 SCRA 171 (1986)
ABS-CBN vs. COMELEC, 323 SCRA 811 (2000)
MTRCB vs. ABS-CBN, 448 SCRA 575 (2005)
In the Matter of the Allegations Contained in the Columns of Mr. Amado P. Macasaet 561
SCRA 39 (2008)
Re: Letter of the UP Law Faculty, A.M. no. 10-10-4-SC, 7 June 2011
GMA vs. COMELEC, 734 SCRA 88 (2014)

Freedom of Assembly and Petition

Batas Pambansa Blg. 880

Cases:
Primicias vs. Fuguso, 80 Phil. 71 (1948)
Navarro vs. Villegas, 31 SCRA 731 (1970)
JBL Reyes vs. Bagatsing, 125 SCRA 553 (1983)
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 Malabanan vs. Ramento, 129 SCRA 359 (1984)
Phil. Blooming Mills Employees vs. Philippine Blooming Mills Co. 50 SCRA 189 (1990)
Bayan vs. Ermita, 488 SCRA 1 (2006)
Toyota Workers Association vs. Toyota Motors Phils. 537 SCRA 171 (2007)
IBP Cadiz, Roque, Butuyan vs. Atienza, 613 SCRA 510 (2010)
Freedom of Association
Yates vs. US, 354 US 298 (1957)
NAACP vs. Alabama, 357 US 449 (1958)
People vs. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972)
In the matter of the Integration of the Bar of the Philippines. January 9, 1973

VII. PRIVACY OF COMMUNICATION AND CORRESPONDENCE

Art. III, Sec. 3
R. A. No. 4200, Anti-Wire tapping Law
R. A. No. 10173, Data Privacy Act of 2012
R. A. No. 9995, Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism act of 2009
R. A. No. 9372, Human Security Act
A.M. No. 08-1-16-SC, Rule on the Writ of Habeas Data
Lagunzad vs. Soto vda. de Gonzalez, 92 SCRA 476 (1979)
Ayer vs. Capulong, 160 SCRA 861 (1988)
Zulueta vs. Court of Appeals, 253 SCRA 667 (1996)
Sabio vs. Gordon, 504 SCRA 704 (2006)
Standard Chartered vs. Senate Committee, 541 SCRA 456 (2007)
Republic vs. Eugenio, 545 SCRA 384 (2008)
Office of the Court administrator vs. Reyes, 621 SCRA 511 (2010)
Nacague vs. Sulpicio Lines, 627 SCRA 254 (2010)
Pollo vs. Chairperson Karina Constantino-David, 659 SCRA 189 (2011)
Marynette R. Gamboa vs. P/Ssupt. Marlou Chan, 677 SCRA 385 (2012)

National ID cases
Ople vs. Torres, 141 SCRA 293 (1998)
KMU vs. Director General NEDA, 487 SCRA 623 (2006)
Writ of Habeas Data
Manila Electric Company vs. Lim, G. R. No. 185769, 5 October 2010
Gamboa vs. Chan, G. R. No. 193636, 24 July 2012
Saez vs. Arroyo, G. R. No. 183533, 25 September 2012
Vivares vs. St. Theresa's College, G.R. No. 202666, September 29, 2014

VIII. FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND NON-ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION

Art.III, Sec. 5
Art. II, Sec. 6
Art. VI, Sec. 29 (2)
Separation of Church and State
Cases: Estrada vs. Escritor, A.M. No. P-0201651, August 4, 2003
Estrada vs. Escritor, A.M. No. P-0201651, June 22, 2006
Ang Ladlad LGBT Party v. Commission on Elections, 618 SCRA 32 (2010)
UCCP vs. Bradford United Church of Christ, G.R. No. 171905, June 20, 2012
Imbong vs. Ochoa, G.R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014
Free Exercise of Religion
Cantwell vs. Connecticut, 310 US 133 (1940)
Cassius Clay vs. US, 403 US 698 (1971)
McDaniel vs. Paty,435 US 618 (1978)
Swaggart Ministries vs. Board of Equalization, 493 US 378 (1990)
Commonwealth vs. Twitchell, 416 Mass 114 (1990)
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 American Bible Society vs. City of Manila, 101 Phil 386 (1957)
Gerona vs. Secretary of Education, 106 Phil 2 (1959)
Pamil vs. Teleron, 86 SCRA 413 (1978)
Anucension vs. NLU, 80 SCRA 350 (1977)
German vs. Barangan, 135 SCRA 514 (1985)
Iglesia ni Cristo vs. Court of Appeals, 259 SCRA 529 (1996)

Non-Establishment Clause

Everson vs. Board of Education 330 US 1 (1947)

Engel vs. Vitale, 370 US 421 (1962)
School District vs. Schempp, 374 US 203 (1963)
Epperson vs. Arkansas, 393 US 97 (1968)
Board of Education vs. Allen 392 US 236 (1968)
Lemon vs. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971)
Tilton vs. Richardson, 403 US 672 (1971)
Lynch vs. Donnely, 465 US 668 (1984)
County of Allegheny vs. ACLU, 492 U.S. 573 (1989)

Aglipay vs. Ruiz, 64 Phil. 201 (1937)

Garces vs. Estenzo, 104 SCRA 510 (1981)
Bro. Mike Velarde vs. SJS, 428 SCRA 283 (2004)

Unusual Religious Beliefs and Practices

Wisconsin vs. Yoder, 406 US 205 (1972)
US vs. Ballard, 380 US 163 (1965)
US vs. Seeger, 322 US 78 (1944)
Ebralinag v. Division of Schools, 219 SCRA 256 (1993)

IX. SEARCHES AND SEIZURES

Art. III, Sec. 2
Rules of Court, Rule 126, Sec 1, 13.

Search Warrant
People vs. Aruta, 288 SCRA 626 (1998)
Manalili vs. CA, 280 SCRA 400 (1997)
World Wide Web Corporation vs. People, G.R. No. 161106, January 13, 2014

Requisites for issuance of a Search Warrant

Rule 126, Sec 1
PICOP vs. Asuncion, 307 SCRA 253 (1999)
Abuan v. People, 505 SCRA 799 (2006)
People vs, Mamaril, 632 SCRA 369 (2010)

Exclusionary Rule/ "Fruit of the poisonous tree"

Stonehill vs. Diokno, 20 SCRA 383 (1967)
People vs. Mengote, 210 SCRA 174 (1992)
People vs. Valdez, 341 SCRA 25 (2000)
People vs. Racho, 626 SCRA 633 (2010)
People vs. Cogaed, 731 SCRA 427 (2014)

Inevitable Discovery
People vs. Alicando, 251 SCRA 293 (1995)

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Private Searches
Governmental interference
People vs. Marti 193 SCRA 57 (1991)
Vessel Security Officer
People vs. Bongcarawan, 384 SCRA 525 (2002)

Nature of the Right Protected; waiver of protected right

Villanueva vs. Querubin, 48 SCRA 349 (1972)
Guanzon vs. De Villa, 181 SCRA 623 (1990)
People vs. Cogaed, 731 SCRA 427 (2014)
Oga Yon vs. People, G.R. No. 188794 September 2, 2015

Scope of Protection
Katz vs. US, 394 US 347 (1967)
Burgos Sr. vs. Chief of Staff, 133 SCRA 800(1984)

Enhanced Senses and Reasonable expectation of privacy

Kyllo vs. US, 533 US 27 (2001) - Thermal imaging device
California vs. Ciraolo, 476 US 207, (1986) - Aerial "naked eye" observation
United States vs. Place, 462 US 696 (1983) - Sniff dog
Hoffa vs. US, 385 US 293 (1966) - "Plant"
California vs. Greenwood, 486 US 35 (1988)- Garbage search

R.A. No. 4200

Gaanan vs. IAC, G.R. No. L-69809 October 16, 1986
Probable Cause
a. Concept of Probable Cause in search warrants
Burgos Sr. vs. Chief of Staff, 133 SCRA 800(1984)
People vs. Aruta, 288 SCRA 626 (1998)
People vs. Estrada, 296 SCRA 383 (1998)
Microsoft vs. Maxicorp, 483 SCRA 224 (2004)
Laud vs. People, G.R. No. 199032, November 19, 2014

b. Determining Probable Cause

Person Authorized
Rule 126, Sec. 4
Bache and Co. vs. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 823 (1971)
Kho vs. Makalintal, 306 SCRA 70 (1999)
People vs. Mamaril, 420 SCRA 662 (2004)
Tan vs. Sy Tiong Gue, 613 SCRA 98 (2010)
People vs. Tuan, G.R. No. 176066, August 11, 2010
Mendoza vs. People, G.R. No. 197293, April 21, 2014

c. How is it determined
Personal examination by searching complainant and witnesses
Bache and Co. vs. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 823 (1971)
Kho vs. Makalintal, 306 SCRA 70 (1999)
Roan vs. Gonzales 145 SCRA 687 (1986)
Lim vs. Felix, 194 SCRA 292 (1991)
Nala vs. Barroso Jr., 408 SCRA 529 (2003)
People vs. Tuan, 628 SCRA 226 (2010)

d. Description of the things to be seized

Bache and Co. vs. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 823 (1971)
Vallejo v. Court of Appeals, 427 SCRA 658 (2004)
Hon Ne Chan v. Honda Motor Co., Ltd., 565 Phil. 545 (2007)
12
 e. Description of the place to be searched
People vs. Estrada, 296 SCRA 383 (1998)
Roan vs. Gonzales 145 SCRA 687 (1986)
PICOP vs. Asuncion, 307 SCRA 253 (1999)
People vs. Tuan, 628 SCRA 226 (2010)

f. Things that may be seized

Rule 126, Sec. 3
Burgos Sr. vs. Chief of Staff, 133 SCRA 800(1984)
People v. Salanguit, 356 SCRA 683 (2001)
California vs. Greenwood, 486 US 35 (1988)- Garbage search

g. Form and content of warrant; lifetime

Bache and Co. vs. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 823 (1971)
Mustang Lumber vs. CA, 257 SCRA 430 (1996)

h. Validity of Warrant
People vs. Estrada, 296 SCRA 383 (1998)

i. Rules on DNA Evidence AM No. 06-11-5-SC

People vs. Umamito, G.R. No. 172607, October 26, 2007 and April 16, 2009

Warrantless search and seizure

a. Search incident to a lawful arrest
Rule 126, Sec. 13
People vs. Molina, 352 SCRA 174 (2001)
People vs. Padilla, 269 SCRA 402 (1997)
People vs. Chua Ho San 308 SCRA 432 (1999)
People vs. Binad Chua, 396 SCRA 657 (2003)
OCA vs. Barron, 297 SCRA 376 (1998)
Nolasco vs. Pano, 139 SCRA 152 (1985); 147 SCRA 509 (1987)
Posadas vs. CA, 188 SCRA 288 (1990)
Malacat vs. CA, 283 SCRA 159 (1997)
Ong vs People G.R. No. 197788, February 29, 2012
People vs. Calantiao, G.R. No. 203984, June 18, 2014
b. Warrantless Searches
Computers
US vs. Hill, 459 F.3d 966 (2006)
US vs. Zeigler, 474 F.3d 1184 (9th Cir., January 30, 2007)
Pollo vs. David, G.R. No. 181881, October 18, 2011
Cellphones
US vs. Finley, 477 F.3d 250
State vs. Smith, 124 Ohio St.3d 163 (2009)
Consented Search/ Written Consent
People vs. Malasigui, 63 Phil 221 (1936)
Alvarez vs. CFI, 64 Phil 48 (1937)
Roan vs. Gonzales 145 SCRA 687 (1986)
People vs. Cuizon, 265 SCRA 325 (1994)
Caballes vs. CA, 373 SCRA 221 (2002)
Peaceful submission not consent to search
Garcia vs. Locsin, 65 Phil 689 (1938)
People vs, Barros 231 SCRA 557 (1994).

13
Effect of Voluntary Surrender
People vs. Agbot, 106 SCRA 325 (1981)
"Stop and Frisk"
Terry vs. Ohio, 392 US 1 (1968)
Minnesota vs. Dickerson, 508 US 366 (1993)
People vs. Binad Chua, G.R. Nos. 136066-67 February 4, 2003
Malacat vs. CA, 283 SCRA 159 (1997)
Esquillo vs. People, 629 SCRA 370 (2010)
Sanchez vs. People, G.R. No. 204589, November 19, 201
Comerciante vs. People, G.R. No. 205926, July 22, 2015
Airport Searches and disembarking from vessels
People vs. Canton, 394 SCRA 478 (2002)
People vs. Aminudin, 163 SCRA 402 (1988)
Sales vs. People, G.R. No. 191023 February 06, 2013
Dela Cruz vs. People, G.R. No. 209837 January 16, 2016

Customs officers
Papa vs. Mago, 22 SCRA 657 (1968)
Roadblocks and Checkpoints
Delaware vs. Proust, 440 US 648 (1979)
Caballes vs. CA, 373 SCRA 221 (2002)
People vs. Lacerna, 278 SCRA 561 (1997)
People vs. Solayao, 262 SCRA 255 (1996)
People vs. Malmstedt, 198 SCRA 401 (1991)
People vs. Encinada, G.R. No. 116720, October 2 1997

Checkpoints
Valmonte vs. De Villa, 178 SCRA 211 (1989); 185 SCRA 665 (199)
People vs. Vinecario, 420 SCRA 280 (2004)
Aniag vs. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 424 (1994)
People vs. Escano, 323 SCRA 754 (2000)

Moving vehicles/hot pursuit

Papa vs. Mago, 22 SCRA 657 (1968)
Caballes vs. CA, 373 SCRA 221 (2002)
Asuncion vs. CA, 302 SCRA 490 (1999)
Roldan vs. Arca, 65 SCRA 336 (1975)
People vs. Lo Ho Wing 193 SCRA 122 (1990)
People vs. Balingan, 241 SCRA 277 (1995)
Obra vs. CA, 317 SCRA 594 (1999)

Plain View Doctrine

Harris vs. US, 390 US 234 (1966)
People vs. Bolasa, 321 SCRA 459 (1999)
People vs. Valdez, 341 SCRA 24 (2000)
People vs. Salanguit, 356 SCRA 683( 2001)
People vs.Calantiao, G.R. No. 203984, June 18, 2014

Private Searches and State expansion of Private Search

People vs. Marti, 193 SCRA 57 (1991)
Zulueta vs. CA, 253 SCRA 699 (1996)
People vs. Bongcawaran, 384 SCRA 525 (2002)

Extraordinary circumstances
People vs. De Gracia, 233 SCRA 716 (1994)
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X. RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED
(Art. III, Secs. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21)

A. Arrest
Definition
Rule 113, Sec. 1, 2;
Sanchez vs. Demetriou, 227 SCRA 627 (1993)
People vs. Sequino, 264 SCRA 79 (1996)
Defensor Santiago vs. Vasquez, 217 SCRA 663 (1993)
With a warrant -
Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 2
Rule 112, Sec. 6
Ong vs. Genio, 609 SCRA 188 (2009)

Requirements in the issuance of an arrest warrant

Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 2
Rule 112, Sec. 6(a)
Rule 112 Sec. 8

Probable Cause
Hao vs. People, G.R. No. 183345, September 17, 2014
Mendoza vs. People, G.R. No. 197293, April 21, 2014

By a Regional Trial Court

Lim vs. Felix, 194 SCRA 292 (1991)
Allado vs. Diokno, 232 SCRA 192 (1994)
Webb vs. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652 (1995)
Roberts vs. CA, 254 SCRA 307 (1996)
Ho vs. People, 280 SCRA 285 (1997)
Cojuanco vs. Sandiganbayan, 300 SCRA 367 (1998)
Soliven vs. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 394 (1998)
People vs. Court of Appeals, 301 SCRA 475 (1999)
Okabe vs. Gutierrez, 429 SCRA 685 (2004)
AAA vs. Carbonell, 524 SCRA 496 (2007)
People vs. Grey, 625 SCRA 523 (2010)

Inferior Courts
Rule 112, Sec. 6 (b)

Examine complainant and witnesses

Tabujara III vs. People, 570 SCRA 229 (2008)

Not mandatory to issue warrant

Gutierrez vs. Hernandez, A.M. No. MTJ-06-1628, June 8, 2007

B. Warrantless Arrest

Old Rule
Rule 113, Sec. 5, 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure

New Rule
Rule 113, Sec. 5, Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure
Umil vs. Ramos, 187 SCRA 311 (1990)
Umil vs. Ramos, 202 SCRA 251 (1991)
Go vs. Court of Appeals, 206 SCRA 138 (1992)
People vs. Jayson, 282 SCRA 166 (1997)
15
 Padilla vs. CA, 269 SCRA 40 (1997)
People vs. Montilla, 285 SCRA 703 (1998)
People vs. Mendez, G.R. No. 147671, November 21, 2002
People vs. Racho, 626 SCRA 633 (2010)
Pestilos vs Generoso G.R. No. 182601, November 10, 2014

John Doe Warrants

People vs. Veloso, 48 Phil 169
Pangandaman vs. Casar, 159 SCRA 599 (1988)

Special Rule for Juveniles in Conflict with Law

Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with the Law, Secs. 6-7
R.A. No. 9344, Secs. 21-22

Invitations
People vs. Sequino, 264 SCRA 79 (1996)
People vs. Del Rosario,305 SCRA 740 (1999)

C. Rights of the accused

Criminal Due Process

People vs. Taruc, G.R. No.185202, February 18 2009
Cruz vs. People, G.R. No. 176504, September 3, 2008
Villarin vs. People, G.R. No. 175289, August 23, 2011
Judge Angeles vs. Gutierrez, G.R. No. 189161, March 21, 2012
Arroyo vs. DOJ, G.R. No. 199082, September 18 2012

Custodial Investigation
People vs. Pasudag, G.R. No.128822, May 4 2001
People vs. Zuela, 323 SCRA 589 (2000)
People vs. Valdez, 341 SCRA 25 (2000)
People vs. Rodriguez, 341 SCRA 645 (2000)
People vs. Del Rosario, 305 SCRA 740 (1999)

Duty of Police during custodial investigation

ART. III, Sec. 12
R.A.No 7438, Sec. 2b,c,d,
Miranda vs. Arizona, 384 US 436 (1966)
People vs. Duero, 104 SCRA 379 (1981)

Rights of the accused under custodial investigation

Art.III, Sec. 12(1), (2)
R.A.No 7438, Sec. 2 a-f
People vs. Obrero, 332 SCRA 190 (2000)
People vs. Mojello, G.R. No. 145566, March 9, 2004
People vs. Ayson, 175 SCRA 216 (1989)
Consequences of violation
Art. III, Sec. 12 (3)
R.A.No 7438, Sec. 4
People vs. Duero, 104 SCRA 379 (1981)
People vs. Figueroa, 335 SCRA 299 (2000)
Gumabon vs. Director of Prisons, 37 SCRA 429 (1971)
Wai Pang vs. People, G.R. No. 176229, October 19, 2011
Right to be heard
Villareal vs. People, G.R. No. 151258, February 1, 2012

16
Right to counsel; waiver
People vs. Caguioa, 141 SCRA 289 (1980)
People vs. Galit, 135 SCRA 465 (1985)
People vs. Continente, 339 SCRA 1 (2000)

Competent and independent counsel; Counsel of choice

People vs. Labtan, 320 SCRA 140 (1999)
People vs. Samulde, 336 SCRA 632 (2000)
People vs. Gallardo, 323 SCRA 218 (2000)
Nature and Cause of Accusation
People vs. Valdez, G.R. No. 175602, January 18, 2012
Jaca vs. People, G.R. No. 166967, January 28, 2013
Pielago vs. People, G.R. No. 202020, March 13, 2013
People vs. Manansala, G.R. No. 175939, April 3, 2013
Compliance with requirement to inform person detained of rights
People vs. Canoy, 328 SCRA 385 (2000)
People vs. Sapal, 328 SCRA 417 (2000)
People vs. Jara, 144 SCRA 517 (1986)
People vs. Nicandro, 339 SCRA 1 (2000)
Police line-up
US vs. Wade, 388 US 218 (1967)
Gamboa vs Cruz, 162 SCRA 642 (1988)
People v. Padua, 215 SCRA 266 (1990)
People vs. Pavillare, 329 SCRA 684 (2000)
People v. Amestuzo 413 Phil. 500 (2001)
Proof of voluntariness of confession
People vs. Jara, 144 SCRA 517 (1986)
People vs. Burgos, 144 SCRA 1 (1986)
Exceptional cases on uncounseled confessions not held to be excluded
People vs. Andan, 269 SCRA 95 (1997)
People vs. Domantay, 307 SCRA 1 (1999)
People vs. Morada, 307 SCRA 362 (1999)

Right to Trial
Trial
Mari vs. Hon. Gonzales, G.R. No. 187728, September 12, 2011
Philippine Coconut Producers vs. Republic, G.R. Nos. 177857-58, January 24, 2012
Villareal vs. People, G.R. No. 151258, February 1, 2012

Trial in Absentia
Ivler vs. Modesto-San Pedro, G.R. No. 172716, November 17, 2010
Concept of speedy trial
Republic Act No. 8493 "Speedy Trial Act of 1998."

People vs. Anonas G.R. No. 156847, January 31, 2007

Tan vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 173637, April 21, 2009
Coscolluela vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 191411, July 15, 2013
Perez vs. People, G.R. No. 164763, February 12, 2008
Jacob v. Sandiganbayan 635 SCRA 94 (2010)
Mari v. Gonzales, 657 SCRA 414 (2011)

17
Concept of public trial
Re: Request Radio-TV Coverage of the Trial in the Sandiganbayan of the Plunder Cases Against
the Former President Joseph E. Estrada, 360 SCRA 248(2001)
RE: Petition for radio and television coverage of the multiple murder cases against Maguindanao
Governor Zaldy Ampatuan, et al., A.M. No. 10-11-5-SC, June 14, 2011
Right of confrontation
Bangayan vs. RCBC, G.R. No. 149193, April 4, 2011
People vs. Ng Yik Bun, G.R. No. 180452, January 10, 2011
People vs. Awid, G.R. No. 185388, June 16, 2010
Go vs. People, G.R. No. 185527, July 18, 2012
Right to be presumed innocent
People vs. Alivio, G.R. No. 177771, May 30, 2011
People vs. Maraorao, G.R. No. 174369, June 18, 2012
Ligot vs. Republic, G.R. No. 176944, March 6, 2013
People vs. Mendoza, G.R. No. 192432, June 23, 2014
Right against self-incrimination
US vs. Navarro, 3 Phil 143 (1904)
Villaflor vs. Summers, 41 Phil 62 (1920)
Beltran vs. Samson, 53 Phil 570 (1929)
Cabal vs. Kapunan, 6 SCRA 1059 (1962)
Bengzon vs. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, 203 SCRA 767 (1991)
Galman vs. Pamaran, 138 SCRA 294 (1985)
Dela Cruz vs. People, G.R. No. 200748, July 23, 2014
De Castro vs. People, G.R. No. 171672, February 2, 2015

Bail

Definition
Rule 114 Secs. 1, 3

Feliciano vs. Pasicolan, 2 SCRA 888(1961)

Villaseñor vs. Abano, 21 SCRA 312 (1967)
People vs. Nitcha, 240 SCRA 283 (1995)
Cortes vs. Catral, 279 SCRA 1 (1997)
Obosa v. Court of Appeals, 266 SCRA 281 (1997)
Yap v. Court of Appeals, 358 SCRA 564 (2001).
People vs. Manallo, 400 SCRA 129 (2003)
Miranda vs. Tuliao, 486 SCRA 377 (2006)
People vs. Fitzgerald 505 SCRA 573 (2006)
Leviste vs. Court of Appeals 615 SCRA 619 (2010)

Right to bail (when a matter or right and when discretionary)

Matter of Right
Art. III, Sec. 13
Rule 114, Sec. 4

People vs. Donato, 198 SCRA 130 (1991)

Lavides vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 129670 Feb 1, 2000
Serapio vs. Sandiganbayan, 396 SCRA443 (2003)

Matter of discretion
Art. III, Sec. 13
Rule 114, Sec. 5, 6, 7, 8, 24

18
 Teehankee vs. Director of Prisons, 76 Phil. 756 (1946)
People vs. San Diego, 26 SCRA 522 (1988)
Ocampo vs. Bernabe, 77 Phil. 55 (1946)
Siazon vs. Judge, 4 SCRA 184 (1971)
Mamolo vs. Narisima, 252 SCRA 613 (1995)
Leviste vs. Court of Appeals 615 SCRA 619 (2010).

Double jeopardy
Cayao-Lasam vs. Ramolet, G.R. No. 159132, December 18, 2008
Herrera vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 11966061,February 13, 2009
Pacoy vs.Cajigal, G.R. No. 157472, September 28, 2007
Honrales vs. Honrales, G.R. No.182651, August 25, 2010
Garcia vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No.198554, July 30, 2012
Los Banos vs. Pedro, G.R. No. 173588, April 22, 2009
People vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 153304-05, February7, 2012
People vs. Judge Lagos, G.R. No. 184658, March 6, 2013
Madrigal vs. People, G.R. No. 182694, August 13, 2008
People vs. Rellota, G.R. No. 168103, August 3, 2010

XI. WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS AND WRIT OF AMPARO

(Art. III, Sec. 15, Art, VII, Sec. 18)

Writ of Habeas Corpus

Caballes vs, CA, 452 SCRA 312 (2005).
Barcelon vs. Baker, 5 Phil 87 (1905)
In Re Umil et al vs. Ramos, 187 SCRA 311 (1990)
Lansang vs. Garcia, 42 SCRA 448 (1971)
Gumabon vs. Director of Prisons, 37 SCRA 420 (1971)
Velasco vs. Court of Appeals, 246 SCRA 677 (1995)
Sombong vs. Court of Appeals, 252 SCRA 663 (1996)
Manalo vs. Calderon, G. R. No. 178920, 15 October 2007
In Re Eufemia Rodriguez, G. R. No. 169482, 29 January 2008
Tapuz v. Del rosario, G. R. No.182484, 17 June 2008
Ampatuan vs. Macaraig, G. R. No. 182497, 29 June 2010
Salcedo vs. Bollozos, AM No. RTJ-10-2236, 5 July 2010

Writ of Amparo
Secretary of National Defense vs. Manalo, G. R. No. 180906, 7 October 2008
Roxas vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G. R. No. 189155, 7 September 2010
Burgos vs. Arroyo, G. R. No. 183711, 22 June 2010
Boac vs. Cadapan, G. R. No. 184461, 31 May 2011
So vs. Tacla, G. R. No. 190108, 19 October 2010
Rodriguez vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G. R. No. 191805, 15 November 2011
Balao vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G. R. No. 186050, 13 December 2011
Tapuz, et al. v. Del Rosario, et al., G.R. No. 182424, prom. June 17, 2008.
De Lima vs. Gatdula, G.R. No. 204528, February 19, 2013
Yusa vs. Segui, G.R. No. 193652, August 5, 2014
Rubrico vs. Arroyo, G.R. No. 183871, February 18, 2010

XII. LIBERTY OF ABODE AND TRAVEL

(Art. III, Sec. 6)

Rubi vs. Provincial Board of Mindoro, 39 Phil. 660 (1919)

Villavicencio vs. Lukban, 39 Phil 778 (1919)
Lorenzo vs. Director of Health, 50 Phil 595 (1927)
Salonga vs. Hermosa, 97 SCRA 121 (1980)
19
 Manotoc vs. Court of Appeals, 142 SCRA 149 (1986)
Marcos vs. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668 (1989)
Arroyo vs. De Lima, G.R. No. 199034, November 15, 2011
League Division vs. Heusdens, AM No. P-11-2927, 13 December 2011
Office of Administrative Services vs. Judge Macaring, AM No.MTJ-10-1770 July 18, 2012

XIII. CRUEL, DEGRADING OR INHUMAN PUNISHMENT

R. A. No. 9745, Anti-Torture Act of 2009

R. A. No. 10368, Human Rights Victims Reparation and Recognition Act of 2013
Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment-Entered into
force on 26 June 1987

Echegaray vs. Secretary of Justice, 267 SCRA 652 (1997); 297 SCRA 754 (1998)
People vs. Mercado, 346 SCRA 256 (2000)
People vs. Tongko, 290 SCRA 595 (1998)
Perez vs. People, 544 SCRA 532 (2008)

XIV. ACCESS TO INFORMATION

Right to be informed
Matters of Public Concern
Access to official records
Subido vs. Ozaeta, 80 Phil 383 (1948)
Gonzales vs. Narvasa, 337 SCRA 733 (2000)
Baldoza vs. Dimaano, 71 SCRA 14 (1976)
Legaspi vs. CSC, 150 SCRA 530 (1987)
Valmonte vs. Belmonte, 170 SCRA 256 (1989)
Garcia vs. Board of Investments 191 SCRA 288 (1990)
Chavez vs. PCGG, 299 SCRA 744 (1998)
Neri vs. Senate Committee, G.R. No. 180643, March 2008
Sabio vs. Gordon, 504 SCRA 704 (2006)
AKBAYAN vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 170516, July 16, 2008
IDEALS vs. PSALM, G.R. No. 192088, October 9, 2012
Bantay Republic vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 177271, May 4, 2007
Province of North Cotabato v. GRP Peace Panel G. R. No. 183591, October 14, 2008
Antolin vs. Domondon, G.R. No. 165036, July 5, 2010

XV. ACADEMIC FREEDOM

Art. XIV, Sec. 1 and 5(2)
Alcuaz vs. PSBA, 161 SCRA 7 (1988)
Non vs. Judge Dames, 185 SCRA 523 (1990)
Garcia vs. Loyola, 68 SCRA 277(1975)
Garcia vs. Faculty Admission Committee, 68 SCRA 277 (1977)
Isabelo vs. Perpetual Help, 227 SCRA 591 (1993)
Reyes vs. Court of Appeals, 194 SCRA 402 (1991)
UP vs. Court of Appeals, 218 SCRA 728 (1993)
DECS vs. San Diego, 180 SCRA 534 (1989)
Tablarin vs. Gutierrez, 154 SCRA 730 (1987)
UP vs. Ayson, 176 SCRA 571 (1989)
Mercado vs. AMA, 618 SCRA 218 (2010)
Calawag vs. UP Visayas, G.R. No. 207412, August 7, 2013
PTA St. Mathew Christian Academy vs. Metrobank, G.R. No. 176518, March 2, 2010
Cudia vs. Superintendent PMA, G.R. No. 211362, February 24, 2015

20
XVI. NON-IMPAIRMENT OF CONTRACTS CLAUSE
Art. III, Sec. 10
Civil Code Art. 1306
Home Builders and Loan Association vs. Blaisdell, 290 US 398
Rutter vs. Esteban, 93 Phil 68 (1953)
Ortigas vs. FEATI, 94 SCRA 533 (1989)
Juarez vs. CA, 214 SCRA 475 (1992)
Caleon vs. Agus, 207 SCRA 748 (1992)
Republic vs. Pagadian City Timber co. Inc., G.R. No.159308, 16 September 2008
Landbank vs. Republic, G.R. No.150824, 4 February 2008
PAGCOR vs. BIR, G.R. No. 172087, 15 March 2011
Surigao del Norte Electric Cooperative vs. ERC, G.R. No. 183626, 4 October 2010
The Learning Child Inc. Ayala Alabang Village, G.R. No.134269, 7 July 2010

XVII. EX POST FACTO LEGISLATION AND BILL OF ATTAINDER

Ex Post Facto Law
People vs. Sandiganbayan, 211 SCRA 236 (1992)
Lacson vs. Executive Secretary, 301 SCRA 298 (1999)
People vs. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972)
FFCBL vs. Desierto, G.R. No. 145184, March 14, 2008
People vs. Montecalvo, G.R. No. 193507, January 30, 2013
Dacudao vs. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 188056, January 8, 2013
Bill of attainder
Misolas vs. Panga, 181 SCRA 648 (1990)
Bureau of Customs Employees vs. Teves, G.R. No. 181704, December 6, 2011

XVIII. NON-IMPRISONMENT FOR POLITICAL BELIEFS AND DEBT

Political Freedom
Non-imprisonment for debt

Ajeno vs. Inserto, 71 SCRA 166 (1976)

In re Habeas Corpus Benjamin Vergara, G.R. No.154037, 30 April 2003
Hur Tin Yang vs. People, G.R. No.195117, 14 August 2013
Lozano vs. Martinez, 146 SCRA 323 (1986)

XIX. INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE

Involuntary servitude

Ganaway vs. Guillen, 42 Phil 805 (1922)

Serafin vs. Lindayag, 87 SCRA 166 (1978)
US vs. Cara, 41Phil 826 (1920)
Lozano vs. Martinez, 146 SCRA 323 (1986)
US vs. Pompeya, 31 Phil 245 (1915)
Caunca vs. Salazar, 82 Phil 851 (1948)
Kaisahan vs. Gotamco, 80 Phil 521 (1948)

XX. FREE ACCESS TO COURT AND QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES

Access to justice
Access to courts
Adequate legal assistance

21