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2016’da Neler Yaşadık?


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Kaos GL'den
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2016 geride kaldı. Zor bir yıldı. Kayıplarımız oldu. Zaman çıldırdı.
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*UD¿N7DVDUÕP li bekledi de bekledi. Geçmedi.
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Kimsenin söz geçiremediği zaman 2016’yı da bitirdi. Önümüzde
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2017 var. Militarizme karşı, “Kahrol düşman al sana bomba” espri-
sinin Zeki Müren’i değil de; Arkadaş Özger’in Zeki Müreni’yle tüm
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.DSDN çıkar. Yeter ki biz Zeki Müren’i sevmeye devam edelim.
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8PXP Walter Benjamin, Parıltılar’da Angelus Novus’un tarih meleğine bakar.


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Gözleri, ağzı ve kanatları açık; yüzünü geçmişe çevirmiş tarih meleği,
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olanı yeniden bir araya getirmek isteğinden bahseder.
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7/75
kaz gibi görünenden sızan parıltının peşine düşmek için. Parıltıyı bir
86'75
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araya gelişlerde, birbirimizin gözüne bakışlarda aradık. Almanak sayı-
mızda bir yılı hatırlamaya çağırırken, deli divane dönüp duran zaman-
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2016’da bulmayı umduğumuz o parıltıyı 2017’de çoğaltmak dileğiyle!
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2016 ALMANAK

ǯʹͲͳ͸;

2016 hepimiz için zor bir yıldı. Neler yaşamadık ki? Bir yan- Karşıtlığı Günü dolayısıyla Ankara’da 11. Uluslararası Ho-
da bombalı saldırılar, diğer yanda darbe girişimi ve ardından mofobi Karşıtı Buluşma yapıldı. Her yıl geleneksel olarak
ilan edilen OHAL… Yeni yılın ilk sayısında gündelik hayatı buluşma sonunda yapılan yürüyüşü ise Ankara Valiliği en-
süreklileştirilmiş bir olağanüstü hal olan LGBTİ’ler açısın- gelledi.
dan 2016 nasıl geçti, sorusunun peşine takıldık.
Haziran ayına Mersin, Denizli, İzmir, Antep ve İstanbul’daki
2016’yı hep olumsuzluklarla, mutsuzlukla hatırlamak iste- onur haftaları ve yürüyüşleri coşku ve gökkuşağı kattı. İz-
mediğimizden olsa gerek güzel haberleri de ön plana çıkar- mir’de Onur Yürüyüşü yasak dinlemedi. İstanbul’daki Trans
dık. Malum; hafızamız, hatıralarımız, anılarımız, hikayeleri- ve LGBTİ+ Onur Haftaları ise tehditlere rağmen yapıldı.
miz kadar varız. Ve yaşadığımız müddetçe kötülüklerin yanı Her iki yürüyüş de Valilik tarafından yasaklandı, LGBTİ’ler
sıra iyilikler de bizle birlikte. Kötü zamanlarda bu iyiliklere, sokağa çıktı. Polis yürüyüşlere saldırdı. Ancak hafızalarda
birbirimize tutunmak belki de en kıymetli umut dedik ve kalan “Ne de güzel dağıldık” cümlesi oldu.
KaosGL.org’ta yayınlanan haberlerin penceresinden 2016’ya
Temmuz’da darbe girişimi yaşandı. 15-16 Temmuz günle-
baktık.
rinde çok sayıda kişi hayatını kaybetti. Darbenin ardından
Ocak ayına Pembe Hayat’ın beşincisini düzenlediği Kuirfest halen devam eden OHAL ilan edildi. OHAL koşulları insan
ve Homofobi Karşıtı Yerel Buluşmalar’ın 7 şehre gitmesi haklarını tehdit etmeye devam ediyor.
damgasını vurdu. Kaos GL'nin yirminci kuruluş yılında
Ağustos ayında ise iki üzücü haber LGBTİ toplumunu
kazanılan nefes alanlarını hatırlamak ve genişletmek için
derinden etkiledi. Suriyeli eşcinsel mülteci Wisam Sankari
kurulan ev sergisi ‘Gelecek Queer’ sergisi de İstanbul’daydı.
ve trans kadın Hande Kader öldürüldü. LGBTİ’ler şiddete
Ocak bir yandan da Barış İçin Akademisyenler’in hedef gös-
karşı sokağa çıktı.
terildiği ay oldu.
Eylül ayında LGBTİ örgütlerinin Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği
Şubat ayı, ilerleyen aylarda yasalaşacak Türkiye İnsan Hakla-
İlerleme Raporu’na ilişkin raporu yayınlandı. Raporda, 2015
rı ve Eşitlik Kurumu Kanunu tasarısına ilişkin tartışmalarla
yılında LGBTİ haklarının geriye gittiği vurgulandı.
geçti. Tasarı, cinsel yönelim ve cinsiyet kimliğini görmezden
geldiği için eleştirildi. Şubat’ın iç ısıtan etkinliği ise Siyah Ekim ayında, Kaos GL’nin 2016 ilk yarıyılına ilişkin insan
Pembe Üçgen’in Baki Koşar Festivali idi. hakları ihlalleri raporu yayınlandı. KaosGL.org yeni tasa-
rımıyla bir kez daha merhaba dedi. Diyarbakır Büyükşehir
Mor ve gökkuşağı Mart ayında daha bir coşkulu dalgalandı.
Belediyesi eş başkanları Gültan Kışanak ve Fırat Anlı tutuk-
3 Mart Dünya Seks İşçileri günü ve 8 Mart Dünya Kadınlar
landı.
günü dolayısıyla ülke genelinde etkinlik ve yürüyüşler yapıl-
dı. Uluslararası Feminist Forum ise “Beden” temasıyla beşin- Kasım ayına ise çok sayıda derneğin kapatılması damga vur-
ci kez Ankara’da yapıldı. Mart ayında maalesef Ankara’da bir du. HDP eş başkanları ve milletvekilleri tutuklandı. LGBTİ
patlama daha gerçekleşti. Güvenpark patlaması Ankara’yı ve aktivisti Levent Pişkin gözaltına alındı, ardından serbest
ülkeyi yasa boğdu. bırakıldı. Kasım’ın olumlu gelişmesi ise AİHM’in Kaos GL
dergisinin toplatılmasına ilişkin verdiği “ifade özgürlüğü
Nisan ayı Kaos GL ve LGBTİ hareketi açısından zor bir
ihlali” kararı oldu.
aydı. IŞİD’in Kaos GL’yi hedef alacağına ilişkin istihbarat
belgesi dolaşıma girdi. Yetkililer Kaos GL’yi korumayı red- Senenin son ayı Aralık’ta Ankara’da 5. Ayrımcılık Karşıtı
detti. Tehditlere rağmen Kaos GL Derneği 2006 yılından Sempozyum yapıldı. Sosyal hizmet temasıyla yapılan sem-
beri sürdürdüğü Homofobi Karşıtı Buluşma kapsamında pozyuma ilgi yoğundu. Sene, ayrımcılığın olmadığı bir dün-
Nisan ayında 13 şehirde etkinlik yaptı. ya hayaliyle sonlandı.

LGBTİ’ler; 1 Mayıs’ta Mersin, Adana, İstanbul, Ankara, Daha iyi, daha güzel, daha umutlu, bir dönem için Hepinize
Kocaeli, İzmir, Diyarbakır, Denizli, Çanakkale ve Antakya’da mutlu ve barış dolu yıllar diliyoruz efen’im!
sokağa çıktı. 17 Mayıs Uluslararası Homofobi ve Transfobi
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58
59
6. PEMBE HAYAT KUİRFEST
6TH PINK LIFE QUEERFEST

ANKARA 12-19 OCAK/JANUARY


ÇAĞDAŞ SANATLAR MERKEZİ
ALMAN KÜLTÜR MERKEZİ

İSTANBUL 26-28 OCAK/JANUARY


PERA MÜZESİ
FRANSIZ KÜLTÜR MERKEZİ

www.pembehayatkuirfest.org

60 ȱ ,G

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