SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM

A mini project report submitted

In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the Award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

AWARDED BY

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

KAKINADA

BY

M.GIRIJA VANI (08H41A0435) K.VENKATESWARA RAO (08H41A0430)

K.NAVEEN (08H41A0427) N.VENU GOPAL NAIDU (08H41A0445)

Under the esteemed guidance of

Ms. CH VIJAYA SREE, M. Tech,

Assistant Professor
Department of ECE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

BVC INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

AMALAPURAM
2011-12
 SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM
A mini project report submitted
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the Award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

AWARDED BY

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

KAKINADA

BY

M.GIRIJA VANI (08H41A0435) K.VENKATESWARA RAO (08H41A0430)

K.NAVEEN (08H41A0427) N.VENU GOPAL NAIDU (08H41A0445)

Under the esteemed guidance of

Ms. CH VIJAYA SREE, M. Tech.

Assistant Professor
Department of ECE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

BVC INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

AMALAPURAM
2011-12
 B V C INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
AMALAPURAM-533201

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the mini project work “SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM” submitted
by M.GIRIJA VANI, K.VENKATESWARA RAO, K.NAVEEN, N.VENU GOPAL NAIDU
is examined and adjudged as sufficient as a partial requirement For the BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERI
-NG at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological university, kakinada is a bonafide record of the
work done by group of students under my guidance and supervision.
 Project Guide Head of the Department
MS. CH VIJAYA SREE, M TECH, MR.B V RAMANA, B E, MTECH, MISTE
DEPARTMENT OF ECE DEPARTMENT OF ECE

B V C INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

AMALAPURAM-533201

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the mini project work “SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM” submitted
by M.GIRIJA VANI, K.VENKATESWARA RAO, K.NAVEEN, N.VENU GOPAL NAIDU
is examined and adjudged as sufficient as a partial requirement For the BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERI
-NG at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological university, kakinada is a bonafide record of the
work done by group of students under my guidance and supervision.
Project External Examiner………………………………..

Project Internal Examiner………………………………..

Head of the Department…………………………………

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us immense pleasure to acknowledge all those who helped us throughout in

making this mini project a great success.

With profound gratitude we thank Dr.G.M.V.Prasad BE, M.Tech, Ph.D, FIE, FIETE, MIEEE,
Principal, B.V.C.I.T.S, for his timely suggestions which helped us to complete this project
work successfully.

We found great pleasure in expressing our gratitude to our Head of the Department Mr.
B.V. Ramana, M.Tech, MISTE, E.C.E department, for his valuable and inspiring guidance,
comments, suggestions and encouragement throughout the course of this project.

We express a great pleasure to acknowledge my profound sense of gratitude to our

project guide Ms. Ch Vijaya Sree, M.Tech, Assistant professor of ECE department
for her valuable and inspiring guidance, comments, suggestions and encouragement
throughout the course of this project.

We are thankful to both teaching and technical staff members of E.C.E department for
their kind cooperation and all sorts of help bringing out this project work successfully.
 M.GIRIJA VANI
K. VENKATESWARA RAO
N.VENU GOPAL NAIDU
K.NAVEEN

ABSTACT

The main aim of this project is increasing power collection efficiency by developing a
device that tracks the sun to keep the panel at a right angle to its rays.

This is a power generating method from sunlight. This method of power generation is
simple and is taken from natural resource. This need only maximum sunlight to generate
power. This project helps for power generation by setting the equipment to get maximum
sunlight automatically. This system is tracking for maximum intensity of light. When
there is decrease in intensity of light, this system automatically changes its direction to
get maximum intensity of light.

They are beneficial as the sun's position in the sky will change gradually over the course
of a day and over the seasons throughout the year. The output from the solar panel, the
electric energy it-self is used to control the direction of rotation of the panel. This solar tracking
system simply a ‘Closed loop control system’.
 INDEX
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1: AIM OF THE PROJECT 2

1.2: LITERATURE SURVEY 2

1.3: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT 3
1.4: SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 3
1.5: PRINCIPLE 4
1.6: APPLICATIONS 4
1.7: TYPES OF SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM 5
1.8: ADVANTAGES 6
1.9: ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS 6
CHAPTER 2: THEORY RELAVENT
2.1: INTRODUCTION 8
2.2: BLOCK DIAGRAM 8
2.3: BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 8
2.4: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 11
2.5: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM EXPLANATION 11

CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

3.1: INTRODUCTION 14
3.2: COMPONENTS USED AND THEIR DESCRIPTION 14
3.2.1: SOLAR PANEL 14
3.2.2: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS (IC-741) 17
3.2.3: DECODER (74LS138) 18
3.2.4: NAND GATE (IC-74H00) 19

3.2.5: OPTOCOUPLERS (MCT2E) 21

 3.2.6: SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER 22
3.2.7: TRANSFORMER 23
3.2.8: RECTIFIER 24
3.2.9: RESISTOR 26
3.2.10: DC MOTOR 27
3.2.11: POWER SUPPLY 29
CHAPTER 4:
4.1: RESULTS 31
4.2: CONCLUSIONS 31
4.3: FUTURE EXPANSION 31
CHAPTER 5:
5.1: BIBLIOGRAY 33