IEC CDV 62232 © IEC 2016 – 115 –

of 12.5 kg was used, whereas for the large box-shaped phantom a mass of 46 kg was used.

2859

2860 B.3.2.3.3 Maximum peak spatial-average SAR measurement description

2861 For each of the measurement configurations required in Annex B.3.2.2.3, the maximum
2862 peak spatial-average SAR shall be evaluated in four steps:

2863 hh) Use the measurement procedures specified in IEC 62209-2:2010 subclause 6.3 to determine an
2864 initial measured peak spatial-average SAR, SAR m (d), using the relevant phantom (see
2865 Annex B.3.2.2.2). If location of the maximum peak spatial average SAR ends up within 50 mm from
2866 any phantom side wall, the EUT position shall be slightly adjusted and the measurements repeated.
2867 ii) Determine the correction factor, CF 1 (d), to be applied to take into account a possible increase in
2868 maximum peak spatial-average SAR due to a tissue layering effect using the following formula:

1 d < 200 mm

 d
CF1( d ) =  200 mm ≤ d < 400 mm
 200
2 400 mm ≤ d ≤ 1 000 mm
2869 (3)

2870 NOTE 1 For EUT distances above 200 mm, the maximum peak SAR in an actual human body may exceed the maximum
2871 SAR obtained from measurements in the specified flat phantom. At 400 mm distance or above, the real SAR can be up to a
2872 factor of 2 higher than the phantom SAR. The correction factor has been introduced to account for this effect.

2873 jj) Determine the correction factor, CF2 ( d ) , to account for a possible increase in maximum peak
2874 spatial-average SAR for small phantom-antenna separations related to effects of varying antenna
2875 element load conditions using the following formula:

 λ
2 d≤
4
AND N e > 1

2876  4d 15 λ (4)
CF2 (d ) = − + < d < 2λ AND N e > 1
 7λ 7 4
1 d ≥ 2λ OR N e = 1



2877 NOTE 2 For example, CF2 ( d ) has a value of 1 for single element antennas.
2878 NOTE 3 In the interpolation function in equation (4), d and λ shall both be measured in the same units (e.g. mm or m).

2879 kk) Determine maximum peak spatial-average SAR using the following formula

2880 SARpsa (d ) = SARm (d ) × CF1 (d ) × CF2 (d ) (5)

2881 where

2882 d is the EUT distance (mm) measured from the liquid surface

2883 Ne is the number of elements in the antenna array

 IEC CDV 62232 © IEC 2016 – 116 –
2884 SAR m (d) is the uncorrected measured peak spatial-average SAR averaged over either 1 g (SAR 1g )
2885 or 10 g (SAR 10g )

2886 SAR psa (d) is the evaluated maximum peak spatial-average SAR over either 1 g (SAR 1g ) or
2887 10 g (SAR 10g ) according to the averaging used in step a) for the measurement
2888 configuration

2889 B.3.2.3.4 Whole-body SAR measurement description

2890 For each of the measurement configurations required in Annex B.3.2.2.3, the whole-body SAR
2891 measurement is performed in two steps:

2892 ll) For a given separation distance from the antenna, determine the absorbed power, PA , by measuring
2893 the electric field strength in the relevant measurement volume defined by the considered exposure
2894 configuration and used phantom, see Table B.12 and Figure B.14. The measurement procedures in
2895 subclause 6.3 of IEC 62209-2:2010 shall be applied whenever applicable using the following grid
2896 spacing:
2897 • The maximum horizontal grid spacing shall be 20 mm for frequencies below 3 GHz and (60/f GHz )
2898 mm for frequencies of 3 GHz and greater.
2899 • The grid step in the vertical direction for a uniform spacing shall be (8 - f GHz ) mm or less but not
2900 more than 5 mm (IEC 62209-2:2010).
2901 • If a variable spacing is used in the vertical direction, the maximum spacing between the two
2902 closest measured points to the phantom shell shall be (12/ f GHz ) mm or less but not more than 4
2903 mm. The spacing between farther points shall increase by a factor not exceeding 1,5
2904 (IEC 62209-2:2010). When variable spacing is used, extrapolation routines shall be tested with
2905 the same spacing as used in measurements.
2906 To reduce the time needed to perform whole-body SAR measurements, procedures based on
2907 measurements in one or more planes may be used in combination with various techniques for
2908 numerical field propagation (e.g. [75]), provided that:
2909 • the procedure has been thoroughly verified with volumetric measurements, and
2910 • the uncertainty has been quantified.
2911 mm) Evaluate the whole body SAR, SARwb , using the following formula:

PA (d ) × CF3 (d ) × CF4 ( f )
SAR wb (d ) =
2912 M (6)

2913 where:

2914 P A (d) is the average temporal absorbed power (watts) in the phantom measured at a distance d, the
2915 EUT distance (mm) measured from the liquid surface
2916 M is the mass of the body measured in kilograms. For the assessment of workers exposure or
2917 general public exposure when the lowest part of the EUT antenna is installed at 2.2 m or more
2918 above level realistically accessible by the general public, a mass of 46 kg representing adults
2919 ([50], [72]) shall be used. For the assessment of general public exposure when the lowest part
2920 of the EUT antenna is installed less than 2.2 m above level realistically accessible by the
2921 general public, a mass of 12.5 kg representing the 3rd percentile body weight data for a 4-year
th
2922 old girl [74]shall be used. This weight is slightly smaller than the WHO data [96]for a 5
2923 percentile 4-year-old child and leads to a conservative whole-body SAR for the general public.
 IEC CDV 62232 © IEC 2016 – 117 –
2924 CF3 (d ) is a correction factor to account for a possible increase in whole-body SAR due to a tissue
2925 layering effect [50] [72] defined by:

 0,8d
1 + d < 400 mm
CF3 (d ) =  400
1,8 d ≥ 400 mm
2926  (7)

2927 CF4 ( f ) is a correction factor to compensate for a possible bias in the obtained general public whole-
2928 body SAR when assessed using the large box-shaped phantom for child exposure
2929 configurations according to Table B.13. For frequencies between the data points provided in the
2930 table, a linear interpolation shall be used. For other exposure configurations and phantom type
2931 combinations. CF4 ( f ) = 1 .

2932 Table B.12 – Phantom liquid volume and measurement volume used for whole-body SAR
2933 measurements [50] [72], and see Figure B.14

Exposure Phantom type Phantom liquid volume (m 3 ) Measurement volume (m 3 )

configuration or

Large box-shaped phantom 1,54 × 0,339× ≥ 0,15 1,54 × 0,339 × 0,09

Occupational (preferred choice)
and General
Public (adults Small box-shaped phantom 0,96 × 0,233× ≥ 0,15 0,96 × 0,233 × 0,09
only)
Elliptical phantom 0,19× ≥ 0,15 0,19 × 0.09

Small box-shaped phantom 0,96 × 0,233× ≥ 0,15 0,96 × 0,233 × 0,06

General Public (preferred choice)

(including Large box-shaped phantom 1,54 × 0,339× ≥ 0,15 0,96 × 0,233 × 0,06
children)
Elliptical phantom 0,19× ≥ 0,15 0,19 × 0.06

2934

2935 Table B.13 – Correction factor to compensate for a possible bias in the obtained general public
2936 whole-body SAR when assessed using the large box-shaped phantom for child exposure
2937 configurations [79]

Frequency 300 450 900 1800 2600 3500 6000

(MHz)

CF4 ( f ) 2,4 2,3 1,5 1,3 1,2 1,2 1,2

2938
 IEC CDV 62232 © IEC 2016 – 118 –

2939

2940 Figure B.14 – Phantom liquid volume and measurement volume used for whole-body SAR
2941 measurements with the box-shaped phantoms, cf. Table B.11. For general public (including
2942 children) exposure assessments using the large box-shaped phantom, the smaller measurement
2943 volume shall be centred at the bottom of the phantom.

2944 B.3.2.4 SAR measurement uncertainty

2945 SAR measurement uncertainty shall be estimated using the specifications in Clause 7 of IEC 62209-
2946 2:2010. For whole-body SAR, the templates defined in Table B.14 and Table B.15 shall be used. The
2947 uncertainty associated with many of the influence quantities listed in IEC 62209-2:2010 and the way it is
2948 assessed is applicable also for SAR measurements using the box-shaped phantoms. For some
2949 influence quantities, such as those related to the box phantom, the description in IEC 62209-2:2010 is
2950 not applicable. Details on how to assess the uncertainty for these influence quantities is given in Annex
2951 E.9. The SAR measurement procedure has been designed to produce results which are located on the
2952 conservative side of the probability distribution.

2953 The expanded uncertainty with a confidence interval of 95% shall not exceed 30% for peak spatial-
2954 average and whole-body SAR. If the uncertainty is larger than 30% the difference shall be added to the
2955 evaluation result before comparison with the applicable exposure limit according to the procedure in
2956 IEC 62311.

2957 Table B.14 – Measurement uncertainty evaluation template

2958 for EUT whole-body SAR test

Source of Description Prob. Uncertainty Div. Sens. Standard νI

uncertainty distrb. or semi d coeff. uncertainty
type span, a c u=a×c/d
(± %)

Probe Calibration IEC 62209-2 N 1,96 1 ∞

Isotropy IEC 62209-2 R √3 1 ∞

Linearity IEC 62209-2 R √3 1 ∞

Probe modulation IEC 62209-2 R √3 1 ∞

resp.

Detection Limits IEC 62209-2 R √3 1 ∞

Boundary Effect IEC 62209-2 R √3 1 ∞

Readout IEC 62209-2 N 1,96 1 ∞

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