Smart Traffic Light For Better Transportation in Jakarta

International Research Journal of Computer Science (IRJCS) ISSN: 2393-9842
Issue 06, Volume 5 (June 2018) www.irjcs.com
SMART TRAFFIC LIGHT FOR BETTER

TRANSPORTATION IN JAKARTA
Puji Catur Siswi praptini*
Informatics, SekolahTinggiTeknik PLN
pujicatur@sttpln.ac.id
Fajar Masya Rosida
Computer Science Faculty, Mercu Buana University,Sekolah, Indonesia
fajar.masya@mercubuana.ac.id
Nur AzizaDian
Informatics, TinggiTeknik PLN
rosida@sttpln.ac.id
Hartanti
Informatics, SekolahTinggiTeknik PLN
dianhartanti@sttpln.ac.id
Manuscript History
Number: IRJCS/RS/Vol.05/Issue06/JNCS10091
Received: 12, June 2018
Final Correction: 19, June 2018
Final Accepted: 21, June 2018
Published: June 2018
Citation: PujiCaturSiswipraptini, FajarMasyaRosida, AzizaDian & Hartanti (2018). SMART TRAFFIC LIGHT FOR
BETTER TRANSPORTATION IN JAKARTA. IRJCS:: International Research Journal of Computer Science, Volume V,
360-367. doi://10.26562/IRJCS.2018.JNCS10091
Editor: Dr.A.Arul L.S, Chief Editor, IRJCS, AM Publications, India
Copyright: ©2018 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License, Which Permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author
and source are credited
Abstract -- Traffic lights currently applied are not considered optimal traffic congestion problem because the system
applied to traffic light only refers to the time while the density level at the crossroads is not always the same. Then
the congestion level at the crossroads can’t be controlled properly. Therefore, we need a Smart Traffic Light system
that is able to optimize the time of change of traffic light based on the length of the queue in real time. This smart
traffic light controller is equipped with several infrared sensors that are used to detect the length of the queue of
vehicles on each track. The detection results with these sensors will be input into the system to adjust traffic light.
Paths that are more crowded vehicle volume will take precedence, so it will reduce the occurrence of congestion. The
optimal setting of the time of change of traffic light based on the length of the queue and also the input of other traffic
lights adjacent information. This smart light traffic control system uses Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller to
process embedded programs and control the sensors and LED lights.
Keywords: Arduino: Traffic Light: Sensor:
I. INTRODUCTION
Traffic lights currently applied are not considered optimal traffic congestion problem because the system applied to
traffic light only refers to the time while the density level at the crossroads is not always the same. Then the
congestion level at the crossroads can’t be controlled properly. Therefore, we need a Smart Traffic Light system that
is able to optimize the time of change of traffic light based on the length of the queue in real time. This smart traffic
light controller is equipped with several infrared sensors that are used to detect the length of the queue of vehicles
on each track. The detection results with these sensors will be input into the system to adjust traffic light. Paths that
are more crowded vehicle volume will take precedence, so it will reduce the occurrence of congestion. The optimal
setting of the time of change of traffic light based on the length of the queue and also the input of other traffic lights
adjacent information.
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A. Research Problems
Based on the above background, the authors try to identify some of the issues that exist among them as follows:
1) How to set the use of infrared sensor to detect the queue length of the motor vehicle?
2) How to Model hardware and software that is implemented on Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller to control the
sensor?
3) How to design process of making physical model of traffic light arrangement based on queue length by using
Arduino Mega 2560 Microcontroller
B. Limitation of Research
The limitation in this research are:
1) The greedy algorithm is applied to the optimum traffic time calculation.
2) The sensor can determine the condition of the congestion level based on the predetermined queue length of the
motor vehicle.
3) Distance, number, and sensor placement have been determined by the researchers (25m, 50m, 100m, 200m,
300m), while the mockets are placed every 10cm from one sensor to the other.
C. Purpose And Objectives
The purpose of this research are:
1) Perform the design of the traffic crossroads and its completeness to fit the actual conditions.
2) Estimates the number of miniature vehicles that can pass through the traffic lights from the time of the green
light that has been determined by researchers.
3) Designing traffic systems with the detection of queue-length motorized vehicles based on infrared sensors.
4) Designing a greedy algorithm works on a traffic system.
While the benefits of this research are:
1) Optimize traffic light time at each intersection.
2) Reduces vehicle buildup caused by long queues when red lights on traffic are on
II. METHODOLOGY
A. Definition of Traffic lights
There are 3 important parameters in controlling traffic lights:
1) Cycle Time: the time taken for a full cycle of phase signals including red, yellow and green.
2) Green light: the percentage of green light time allocated for each direction in one cycle of the signal.
3) Offset: the relative time difference between green and consecutive phase starts signals
These three important parameters must be controlled, controlled and coordinated in a distributed manner. The
decentralized traffic control architecture using Swarm Self Organizing can provide effective control of complex
network traffic such as those in the city of Jakarta and major cities others. [1]
B. Traffic Light based on Microcontroller
Traffic on programmed through microcontroller using CodeVision AVR software.In addition to using the program,
the method used in this study also simulates one part of the system block that is a single phase full wave rectifier.
This simulation is done to get the result of pure DC wave after through filter C. The pure wave is used to supplay
driver so as not to cause ripple which can make the output of a circuit less good. Software used is Power Simulator
(PSIM) to see the results of input and output waves of a series. Traffic light settings by using a microcontroller are
capable of detecting special signals from special cars such as ambulance or firefighters or police or similar cars that
will automatically turn red light traffic lights green into green by using Xbee Pro and GPS wireless modules, and keep
the traffic lights on while power supply from PLN goes off by using backup battery. Infra red(IR) controls the timer of
light signal bymeasuring the density of traffic and also prevents illegalconvert traffic light such asspecial emergency
vehicles like ambulance etc. [2]
C. Intelligent System Transportation
Intelligent System Transportation (ITS) is a combination of transportation systems with Information and
Communication Technology (ICT). Jakarta's traffic with a very large number of motory bikes creates an unavoidable
congestion problem. The development of technology that allows to track motorcycles using cameras is referred to as
Geometric Remote Particle Filters / Geometric Deep Partical Filters (GDPF) has been done. This tracking process is
inspired by the visual perception of humans that have nonretinotopic properties by using a particle filter approach. A
number of experiments have been conducted for this study, and have found that GDPF has reached the level of
success of motorcycle tracking objects by using geometric computation applied in Fuzzy-based controller logic. ITS
reduces environmental impact and improves transportation safety and mobility, ITS also enhances productivity
through the integration of advanced communications-based information and electronic technologies into the
transportation infrastructure and vehicles. The USDOT has provided leadership of the national ITS Program for more
than two decades. [3]
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D. Smart Traffic Light using Travelling Salesman Problem and Greedy Algorithm
Design of intelligent traffic lights using the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and Greedy algorithm based on the
determination of research variables consisting of volume, speed, time and length of queue. The problem of traffic
smoothness at the intersection using traffic lights service is already a common problem in traffic on the road. By
integrating an automated system whose implementation uses a greedy algorithm, it will find the optimal lamp
timeout solution for each traffic light. With this algorithm, the waiting time in each path will vary depending on the
queue of vehicles of each candidate. The algorithm will also be applied to the greenlight waiting time waiting system
on smart traffic light and will be run continuously and real-time.The quantity can be used as a decision in the
optimization of traffic light control by using greedy algorithm. [4]
III. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SYSTEM

A. Business Process Analysis
Fig. 1 Design Process
Here's how each component works:

1) The car component is an object that will be detected by the infrared sensor.
2) Infrared components consisting of receivers and transmitters emitting infrared light, if the beam is blocked by
an object, the infrared component as the receiver will detect the object, then the signal shown if it detects the
object is the indicator light will live all.
3) The Arduino mega 2560 microcontroller component as its controller will process the input received from the
infrared sensor, which will then be processed and applied with a greedy algorithm to be forwarded to the LED
lighting component.
4) In the LED light circuit components, will receive the process from Arduino mega 2560 with the added
application of the greedy algorithm and made the output. This output will be arranged by the researcher by
the time indicated by the green LED lights are on.
B. Hardware Design
Fig.2 Traffic Light Prototype

TABLE I - PROTOTYPE REQUIREMENT
Tool name Function
Plywood - Used to make miniature
Acrylic - Used to coat wood plywood
Decal - Used to change the look of the model
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Epotec glue - Used to embed between devices

Glue Gun (Lem Shoot) - Used to adhere the sensor with acrylic
Cutter - Used to create a model
Electric Drill - Used for punching holes
Masking tape - Used to attach between jumper cables
TABLE II - HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
NamaPerangkat Fungsi
Laptop with specifications: - For writing the program to be embedded into Arduino
 Intel® Core™ i5-2450M CPU microcontroller.
@ 2.50GHz (4CPUs)
 RAM 4.00 GB
Arduino Mega 2560 - To process embedded programs and control sensors and
LED lights
LED light - As the output of the algorithm that has been applied to
arduino
Infrared Sensor - As the input data to the Arduino of the detected object
Cable Jumper - Used as a medium to connect between components
Character LCD 20x04 - Used to display output data
I2C Module - Used to reduce cable and pin requirement of 20x04
character LCD
Solder - Used to melt lead wire
Wire Tin - Used to connect jumper cable with other components
Protoboard - Used for jumper cable connecting media with arduino
TABLE III - PIN LED LAMP WITH ARDUINO COMMUNICATION

Intersection LED Lamp (PIN)
Intersection 1.A (Matraman Red 8
Raya Street) Yellow 9 GND
Green 10
Intersection 1.B Red 11
(BuswayMatraman) Yellow 12 GND
Green 13
Intersection 2 (Salemba Raya Red 7
Street) Yellow 6 GND
Green 5
Intersection 3 (Pramuka- Red 4
Tambak Street) Yellow 3 GND
Green 2
Intersection 4 (Pramuka Red 16
Street) Yellow 15 GND
Green 14
Fig. 3 Sensor Design for Intersection 1
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TABLE IV - PIN LED LAMP WITH ARDUINO COMMUNICATION IN INTERSECTION 1

Intersection Sensor (PIN)
Sensor Level 1 Out = 40, VCC= +, GND = -
Intersection 1.A (Matraman Sensor Level 2 Out = 38, VCC= +, GND = -
Raya Street) Sensor Level 3 Out = 36, VCC= +, GND = -
IV. IMPLEMENTATION
Fig. 4 Smart Traffic Light Miniature

This miniature is equipped with hardware devices including led lights used as traffic lights, infrared sensors on each
lane to detect the length of the queue of vehicle model, Arduino Mega 2560 as its microcontroller, and 20x04
Character LCD to show the traffic condition. At the intersection has a length of 50 cm, then the length of the middle
path is 37 cm, the total size of the model is 137 cm x 137 cm.
Fig.5 Infrared Sensor

The design of infrared is done by arranging in line with each of the five sensors, except the sensor on line one where
there are two additional sensors for the busway line. Sensors are arranged on the main path of five sensors whose
distance between sensors is 10cm, where each sensor represents a certain distance as shown in the following table:
Sensor ON Distance on Miniature Real Distance Sensor Level LED Light ON Mode
- - - Level 0 Red Light
Sensor 1 0 cm – 10 cm 0 m – 25 m Level 1 Green Light 5s
Sensor 1 - 2 0 cm – 20 cm 0 m – 50 m Level 2 Green Light 10s
Sensor 1 - 3 0 cm – 30 cm 0 m – 100 m Level 3 Green Light 15s
Sensor 1 - 4 0 cm – 40 cm 0 m – 200 m Level 4 LampuHijau20s
Sensor 1 - 5 0 cm – 50 cm 0 m – 300 m Level 5 LampuHijau 25s
Sensor busway1 0 cm – 10 cm 0 m – 25 m Level 1 LampuHijau 10s
Sensor busway2 0 cm – 25 cm 0 m – 100 m Level 2 LampuHijau 20s
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From the table above can be spelled out, if no sensor detects the object or lights up, it is called level 0 and the red
light will light up. If only one sensor is on, on a distance of 0 cm to 10 cm which represents the distance of 0 m - 25 m,
is called level one and the green light will hold for 5 seconds. If one is a one and two sensors, on a distance of 0 cm -
20 cm, representing a distance of 0 m - 50 m then the green light will be on for 10 seconds. If the one is a one and
three sensors, on a distance of 0 cm - 30 cm, representing a distance of 0 m - 100 m, the green light will last for 15
seconds. If the illuminated one is a sensor and a sensor four, on a distance of 0 cm - 40 cm, representing a distance of
0 m - 200 m then the green light will light for 20 seconds. If the illuminated one is sensor one and sensor five, on the
distance model 0 cm - 50 cm, representing distance 0 m - 300 m then green light will light for 25 second. On the
busway lane if one sensor is located 0 cm - 10 cm distance representing distance 0 m - 25 m is level one and green
light will live for 10 second. If the busway lane on two sensors that is at a distance of 0 cm - 25 cm representing a
distance of 0 m - 100 m it will live the green light for 20 seconds. Traffic lights on the model are used red, yellow,
green LED lights that resemble the color of the actual traffic lights. This LED lamp is also the output of
microcontroller processing with infrared sensor. At intersection one has two sets of LED lights, one LED on the main
road, and one LED circuit on the Busway Line. As for the other intersection, at intersection of four Matraman East
Jakarta traffic lights Busway lane combined with traffic lights of the main line, hence each intersection on the model
has a series of LED lights.
Fig.6 LED Lamp

In miniature smart traffic light system is used microcontroller mega 2560 which has 54 pins, use this Arduino
because of the need for the use of a lot of pins on this model.
Fig.1Arduino Mega 2560 as a Microcontroller]

A. User Interface of Traffic Light Control
Fig. 2 User Interface of Traffic Light Control

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Fig.9 3User Interface of Traffic Light Control-2
Fig.40 User Interface of Traffic Light Control-3
Fig. 11User Interface of Traffic Light Control-5

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V. CONCLUSION
After the analysis and discussion, we can get a conclusion that can solve the problem of this research and from that
conclusion. The conclusions, among others:
1) The design of maket intersection 4 Matraman East Jakarta can be built East Jakarta can be built in accordance
with the actual form, and equipped with various electronic components to operate the traffic system on the
model.
2) Infrared sensors can be used to detect the length of miniature vehicle queues on the model
3) The Greedy algorithm can work on the traffic system in the case of this study by accelerating or increasing the
green light time at each intersection from a certain level limit.
REFERENCES
1. W. Jatmiko, A. Azurat, A. Wibowo, H. Marihot, and M. Wicaksana, “SELF-ORGANIZING URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL
ARCHITECTURE WITH SWARM-SELF ORGANIZING MAP IN JAKARTA : SIGNAL CONTROL SYSTEM AND
SIMULATOR,” vol. 3, no. 3, 2010.
2. M. Deepti, L. Dash, J. Arun, and Y. Kumar, “Smart Traffic Light Signals,” vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1919–1921, 2016.
3. I. Transportation, S. Its, J. Program, and O. Jpo, “USDOT’s Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Strategic Plan
2015-2019,” 2019.
4. P. C. Siswipraptini, W. H. Martono, and D. Hartanti, “Reducing a congestion with introduce the greedy algorithm
on traffic light control,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2018.
5. Yaya Sudarya, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ONLINE ORDERING SYSTEM OF PADANG CUISINE, Vol. 7 Issue
5,https://ijcsmc.com/docs/papers/May2018/V7I5201804.pdf
6. FajarMasya, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LECTURER EVALUATION SYSTEM USING ELECTRE METHOD
IN WEB-BASED APPLICATION, Vol. 4 Issue 5, http://www.irjcs.com/volumes/vol4/iss05/53.MYCS10083.pdf
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International Research Journal of Computer Science (IRJCS) ISSN: 2393-9842

Issue 06, Volume 5 (June 2018) www.irjcs.com

SMART TRAFFIC LIGHT FOR BETTER

III. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SYSTEM

Fig. 1 Design Process

Here's how each component works:

Fig.2 Traffic Light Prototype

Epotec glue - Used to embed between devices

TABLE III - PIN LED LAMP WITH ARDUINO COMMUNICATION

Fig. 3 Sensor Design for Intersection 1

TABLE IV - PIN LED LAMP WITH ARDUINO COMMUNICATION IN INTERSECTION 1

Fig. 4 Smart Traffic Light Miniature

Fig.5 Infrared Sensor

Fig.6 LED Lamp

Fig.1Arduino Mega 2560 as a Microcontroller]

Fig. 2 User Interface of Traffic Light Control

Fig.9 3User Interface of Traffic Light Control-2

Fig.40 User Interface of Traffic Light Control-3

Fig. 11User Interface of Traffic Light Control-5

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