Name : _________________________________________________ Group No.

: _____
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Instructor : _____________________________________________ Date Performed : ___________

Laboratory Experiment No. : 7

THE DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER

OBJECTIVE :

1. To be able to observe the modes of operation of a differential amplifier.

2. To observe the common mode rejection of the unwanted signals.
3. To known the phase of the signal output of the differential amplifier.

BACKGROUND INFORMATIONS :

A differential amplifier is the basic circuit that composed the operational amplifier. It
greatly amplifies signals of the same polarity.

Basically the differential amplifier has two separate inputs ( base terminals of each
transistor ), two separate outputs ( collector of each transistor ) and emitters coupled together.

A number of input signal combinations ( modes of operation ) are possible for a differential
amplifier. If an input signal is applied to either input with the other input connected to ground, the
operation is described as a single-ended input. If two opposite polarity input signals are applied, the
operation is called as double-ended or differential mode. If the same polarity input signals are applied,
the operation is referred to as the common-mode input.

MATERIALS / EQUIPMENT

Power Supply
Function/Signal Generator
Multi-meter ( Analog or Digital )
Oscilloscope
Transistors :
2 2N6772 or equivalent ( npn )
Resistors :
2 47 kΩ ( ½ W)
1 33 kΩ ( ½ W )

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WIRING DIAGRAM :

VCC +

9 V

R1 R2
47kΩ 47kΩ
3 2

6 Q1 Q2

V1
2N6772 2N6772
2 Vrms
60 Hz 0
0° 1
0
R3
33kΩ
4

VEE - 9 V

Figure 1

VCC +

9V

R1 R2
47kΩ 47kΩ
3 2

6 Q1 Q2 7
V1 V2
2N6772 2N6772
2 Vrms
2 Vrms
60 Hz
60 Hz
0° 1 180°
0 0
R3
33kΩ
4

VEE - 9V

Figure 2

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 VCC +

9 V

R1 R2
47kΩ 47kΩ
3 2

6 Q1 Q2

V1
2N6772 2N6772
2 Vrms
60 Hz
0° 1
0
R3
33kΩ
4

VEE - 9 V

Figure 3

LABORATORY PROCEDURES

I. DC Parameters

1. Connect the circuit of Figure 1. Turn off the power and set the signal generator output to minimum.
Turn the unit on.
2. Measure the following DC parameters in Table 1 and record your readings.
3. Connect the circuit of Figure 2 and repeat step 2.
4. Connect the circuit of Figure 3 and repeat step 2.

Modes of operation DC Parameters

IE VC1 VC2 IC1 IC2

Single-ended input

Double-ended input

Common-mode input

Table 1

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II. AC Parameters

1. From the circuits of Figures 1, 2, and 3, record their corresponding inputs in Table 2.
2. Measure their outputs across the collector terminals and record your readings in Table 2.
3. With the readings obtained from step 2, compute their corresponding voltage gains.

AC Parameters
Modes of Operation
Vin Vo AV

Single-ended input

Double-ended input

Common-mode input

Table 2

OBSERVATIONS :

CONCLUSION :

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QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS :

1. Using your experimental results, calculate the CMRR of Figure 2.

2. What would be the expected output if the value of the emitter resistor was bypassed ?

3. In a separate sheet of paper, show the computations of DC Parameters and compute for the percent
error. Also show your computation for the AC Parameters of every figure.

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