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5/26/15 Design of one way slab
Reinforcement layout:
Reinforcement shall be placed at where tensile stress exist.
ACI 318-99
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U = 1.4D
U = 1.4D+1.7L
U = 1.2D
U = 1.2D+1.6L
2. Spans are approximately equal. The two adjacent spans shall not be more than 20 percent difference in length.
Factored Moments:
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5/26/15 Design of one way slab
Positive moment:
2
Interior span: Mu = Wu ln /16
2
End span (discontinuous end unrestrained): Mu = Wu ln /11
2
End span (discontinuous integral with support): Mu = Wu ln /14
Negative moments:
2
Negative moments at exterior face of first interior support: Mu = Wu ln /10
2
Negative moments at other face of first interior support: Mu = Wu ln /11
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2
Negative moments at interior face of exterior support by spandrel beam: Mu = Wu ln /24
2
Negative moments at interior face of exterior support by column: Mu = Wu ln /16
Two spans
Positive moment:
2
End span (discontinuous end unrestrained): Mu = Wu ln /11
2
End span (discontinuous integral with support): Mu = Wu ln /14
Negative moments:
2
Negative moments at exterior face of interior support: Mu = Wu ln /9
2
Negative moments at interior face of exterior support by spandrel beam: Mu = Wu ln /24
2
Negative moments at interior face of exterior support by column: Mu = Wu ln /16
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5/26/15 Design of one way slab
Factored Shear:
Design assumption:
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5/26/15 Design of one way slab
Therefore, the stress distribution across the section of the beam is as shown below.
At an ultimate strain of 0.003, the stress at extreme fiber of the beam reaches ultimate strength of concrete fc’. The distribution of the
compressive stresses is a complex curve. For calculation purpose, a stress block of 0.85fc’ spread over a depth, a, is used. Therefore, the total
compressive stress in a rectangular beam is
C = 0.85fc’ab
At ultimate stress situation, the concrete at top portion is subjected to compression. The compressive stresses distribute uniformly over a depth
a. The resultant of compressive stress, C is located at a distance, a/2, from the top surface. Tensile force is taken by rebars at an effective
distance, d, from the top surface. By equilibrium, the tensile force is equal to the compression resultant,
T = As fy = C = 0.85f’c ab
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5/26/15 Design of one way slab
where fy is the yield strength of reinforcing steel and As is the area of steel. Therefore,
a = rfy d/0.85f’c
Mu £ f Mn
Where, f = 0.9, is the strength reduction factor for beam design. Let Mu = f Mn , We have Mu = f (As fy d- As fy drm/2)
Divide both side by bd2, we have Mu /fbd = (As /bd)fy -(As /bd) fy rm/2) = rfy - fy r2m/2)
r2(m/2) - r - Rn /fy = 0
Ductile and brittle failures, Balance condition, Maximum and minimum reinforcement ratio
There are two situations when a reinforced concrete beam fails due to bending. One is when the reinforcing steel reaches its yield stress, fy . The
other is when the concrete reach it maximum compressive stress, f’c. When a reinforced concrete beam fails in yielding of steel, the failure is
ductile because the steel can stretch for a long period of time before it actually breaks. When it fails in concrete, the failure is brittle because
concrete breaks when it reach maximum strain.
When concrete reaches its maximum strain at the same time as the steel reach is yielding stress, it is called a balance condition. Using a maximum
strain, 0.003 of concrete and assume a linear distribution of strain across beam section, one can determine the reinforcement ratio at balanced
condition. The reinforcement ratio based on ACI code is
Where b 1 = 0.85 for 4000 psi (30 Mpa) concrete, and reduce 0.05 for each 1000 psi of f’c in excess of 4000 psi.
To ensure a ductile failure of beam, ACI code limits the maximum reinforcement ratio to 0.75rb . On the other hand, when the amount of steel is
too small, the beam will fail when concrete reach its tensile strength. It needs to have a minimum amount of steel to ensure a ductile failure
mode. The minimum reinforcement ratio in ACI code is rmin = 200/fy (psi).
Minimum flexural reinforcement in slab shall be the same as minimum temperature reinforcement: (ACI 318-05 Sec. 10.5.4)
Temperature reinforcement:
Corner reinforcement:
Although the major reinforcement in one way slab span is in the short direction, yet at the corner, the moment is actual supported by beams at
both directions. If the slab is supported in the short direction only, the slab may crack in the long direction until the reinforcement in the short
direction pick up the strength. The corner reinforcement can be arrange in two way as shown below.
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5/26/15 Design of one way slab
where wc is unit weight of concrete between 90 to 155 lb/ft3. fc’ is compression strength of concrete in lb/in2.
4. Moment of inertia
The deflection shall be calculated using effective moment of intertia, Ie instead of gross moment of inertia, Ig .
where Icr is moment of inertia of crack section, Ma is apply moment, and the cracking moment (in-lbs)
Mcr = fr Ig / yt
and the modulus of rapture, fr = 7.5 Ö fc’ (lb/in2 ), yt is the distance from neutral axis to top of slab
For continuous member, Ie can be taken as the average value of calculated from critical positive and negative moment sections.
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For prismatic members, Ie can be taken at mid-span for simple and continuous spans, and at support for contilevers.
For light weight concrete, if slitting tensile strength, fct is specified, use fct/6.7 to substitute Öfc’ but not greater than Öfc’ . If fct is not specified,
fcr shall be multiplied by 0.75 for all light weight concrete, 0.85 for sand light weight concrete.
Design Example
Related Topics
C beam design
RC column design
RC wall design
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