Professional Documents
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FINAL EXPERIMENT
TITLE: “A study on the Effect of Glutinous Rice Flour on the Compressive Strength of Concrete
as Admixture to Cement”
Objectives:
This study generally aims to analyze the structural performance of glutinous rice flour and
concrete in terms of compressive strength
1. To determine the compressive strength of concrete using glutinous rice flour by
means of split compressive strength test at 7, 14, and 28 curing days.
2. To determine the compressive strength performance of concrete cylinder compared
to concrete cylinder with glutinous rice flour in terms of compressive strength.
3. To determine the mixture that would give the highest compressive strength.
4. To determine the comparative compressive strength of concrete cylinder compared
to concrete cylinder with Glutinous Rice Flour?
5. To determine what percentage of glutinous rice flour will be added in order to know
the effect of glutinous rice flour on the compressive strength as partial replacement
of cement.
Introduction:
Concrete the most widely used construction material in the world due to versality,
strength, durability and its ease to place into forms and shapes. Concreting in the construction
industry to place into forms and shapes. Concreting in the construction industry today is
consuming about 11.5 billion tons of concrete every year and it’s expected that this may reach
18 billion tones in the year 2050. The use of concrete ranges from its utilization in the
construction of buildings to its versatility in highway construction particularly in the construction
Glutinous Rice Flour known as sticky rice, sweet rice or pearl rice, is a form of short-
grain rice that has a higher starch content than its medium- or long-grain cousins and it has a
very low amylose content.
In this study, a concrete cylinder with Glutinous Rice Flour as concrete mixture is tested
for its mechanical properties in terms of compressive strength. Will the added glutinous rice
flour contribute to improve the compressive strength of the concrete cylinder? Is it possible for
the glutinous rice flour to replace cement?
The following questions would be answered according from the glutinous rice flour data and
results of the tests;
What is the compressive strength of concrete cylinder with glutinous rice flour 7, 14 and
28 curing days?
What mixture (0%, 1%, 3%,5%,7% and 10%) would give a significant increase in the
compressive strength?
What mixture of Glutinous Rice Flour filler attains the highest compressive strength?
This study will give a low cost of structure in an allowable strength of loadings:
Economy – it will benefit the economy, by using Glutinous Rice flour as a partial
substitute for cement. Cheaper construction cost without affecting the quality.
Profession – this study will help civil engineering profession advancement by utilizing
new products to be adopted as engineering materials.
Society – it will serve as an informative study that will help in continuing search for new
products in engineering materials and eventually in the field of civil engineering
Conceptual Framework:
wa
This study would focus on the compressive strength of glutinous rice flour as partial
substitute to cement in concrete mixture. The test would be done using Universal Testing
Machine (UTM). The mixture would be an glutinous rice flour with percentages in weight. (0%,
1%, 3%,5%,7% and 10%). Curing days are 7, 14, and 28 days.
Review of Literature
Admixtures are used to alter the properties of concrete. There are numerous benefits
available through the use of admixtures such as: improved quality, coloring, greater concrete
strength, increased flow for the same water-cement ratio, enhanced frost and sulphate
resistance, improved fire resistance, cracking control, acceleration or retardation in setting
time, lower density and improved workability. The specific effects of an admixture generally
vary with the type of cement, mix proportion and dosage. Starch can be used in concrete as
admixture. In this particular study used corn starch. The workability of concrete is tested using
slump test. The starch is added for testing with different percentages of cement. The
workability of concrete/ cement increases with the addition of starch admixtures. Density of
concrete increases in the addition of 1% of corn starch further increase in the addition of starch
admixtures reduces the density. Compressive strength of concrete increases in the addition of
1% of corn starch further increase in the addition of starch admixtures reduces the
compressive strength. The starch admixtures such as corn starch can replace the use of
chemical admixtures. It also reduces the additional cost of using chemical admixtures.
(Suhad M Abd1 , Qasssim Y Hamood1, Alaa S Khamees1 and Zainab H Ali1 Vol. 5, No. 3, August 2016)
http://www.ijerst.com/ijerstadmin/upload/IJEETC_57a1bbd7db349.pdf
Microstructural insights into the lime mortars mixed with sticky rice sol–gel or water: A
comparative study
This paper is dedicated to studying the effect of sticky rice sol–gel on the microstructure
(including pore structure and texture) and properties of lime mortar. Uniaxial compressive
strength tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP)
were utilized to investigate the macroscopic behaviors and microstructure, respectively. Based
on the MIP data, a surface fractal dimension analysis is performed to study the impact of sticky
rice sol–gel on pore structure. The addition of sticky rice sol–gel is demonstrated to improve
the uniaxial compressive strength of lime mortar. The SEM, MIP and surface fractal dimension
analysis results show that the addition of sticky rice sol–gel facilitates the formation of compact
texture, fine pore structure and elevates the bonding strength of the lime mortar. A
microstructrual mechanism is proposed to explain how properties of the lime mortar are
affected by the addition of sticky rice sol–gel. This work presents a comparison study on the
behaviors of the lime mortar mixed with distilled water (WLM) and lime mortar mixed with
sticky rice sol–gel (SLM). The 7-d, 28-d uniaxial compressive strength and uniaxial
compressive strength after 6 freezes–thaw cycles of SLM are higher than those of WLM, which
confirms the favorable effect of sticky rice sol–gel in improving the mechanical behavior of lime
mortar.
(Microstructural insights into the lime mortars mixed with sticky rice sol–gel or water: A comparative study
Rongwei Yang, Zhiling Zhang, Meijie Xie, Kefei Li)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061816313836
Corn is a rich source of carbohydrate, starch extracts and a source staple food for majority
of sub-Saharan African population. Starch and its derivatives have been widely described as
rheology-modifying admixtures; in an ongoing research the effect of using corn starch modified
concrete is reported. Its effects on concrete properties such as compressive strength, sorptivity
and permeability were determined on samples with 0, 2.5 and 5 % addition of starch by weight
of cement. The result showed 9 and 3 % increase in strength for 2.5 and 5 % starch additions
respectively when compared with the control after 56 days of curing, while the sorptivity and
permeability tests compared well with the control. At certain proportion, corn starchmodified
cement and concrete exhibit low slump and accelerated setting time. These properties make
them suitable for certain applications such as concrete repairs and pavement design.
https://nijotech.com/index.php/nijotech/article/viewFile/492/451
(Qinglin Ma, Fuwei Yang, Bingjian Zhang Chinese Academy Of Cultural Heritage June 2010)
Organic-inorganic lime mortars were widely used in many ancient buildings due to their
good performance in some fields (such as caking property, water repellency, weather ability,
etc.). However, many ancient buildings and sites are suffering from various degrees of damage
with the development of the economy and society and appropriate conservation and
restoration are needed. The application of traditional construction materials, such as organic-
inorganic lime mortars, attracts more and more attention in the conservation and restoration of
ancient buildings in the recent years. So, the understanding of the components of original lime
mortar which remained in ancient sites is of fundamental significance. In this work a set of
analytical procedures to identify the organic additives in lime mortars by classical chemical
analysis is proposed. The results show that using iodine-potassium iodide reagent, Benedict’s
reagent, reduction phenolphthalein reagent, Coomassie brilliant blue and sodium periodate
oxidation glycerin acetyl acetone method could effectively detect a small amount of starch,
reducing sugar, blood, protein and fatty acid ester that remained in ancient buildings’ lime
mortars, respectively. These analytical methods are easy to operate with low detection limit,
high accuracy and some other advantages. In this work, iodine-potassium iodide reagent,
benedict’s reagent, reducing phenolphthalein, Coomassie brilliant blue and acetylacetone
development process were used to identify starch, reducing sugar, blood, protein and esters
exist in mortar, respectively. The limits of detection of these methods were 0.4 mg/g, 0.087
mg/ml, 0.001 mg/ml, 0.8 mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml, respectively. Comparing with the content of
organics in mortar which were recorded in ancient documents, these limits of detection could
meet the requirement of analyzing the organic additives in mortar.
(The identification of organic additives in traditional lime mortar, Shi Qiang Fang, Hui Zhang, Bing Jian Zhang, Ye Zheng)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1296207413001052
The Effect of Local Brewery Waste and Bitter Cassava Flour on Compressive Strength
and Shrinkage of Plaster Mortar for Eco House
Cement is a major construction material worldwide. However, given the escalating costs
of cement and the environmental hazards associated with the use of cement there is need to
develop alternative, cost-effective, non-conventional, locally available materials, especially
those that can partially or wholly replace cement. This paper presents the results on the study
of the effect of local brewery waste and bitter cassava flour on the compressive strength and
shrinkage of plaster. The test was made with cement replaced by local brewery waste or bitter
cassava (10-50%) and cement/sand mix as a control. The results showed an optimum of 20%
cement replacement with bitter cassava for plaster mortar for high cost houses (18.1Mpa) and
(The Effect of Local Brewery Waste and Bitter Cassava Flour on Compressive Strength and Shrinkage of Plaster Mortar for
Eco House, Okhelo Tomas)
http://www.ijser.in/archives/v4i3/IJSER15705.pdf
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njt/article/view/123403
Definition of Terms:
Methodology
In this chapter the experimental design, materials and methods, treatment of data, and
the decision criteria were discussed. The main objective is to present the methodology and
research design
Technical/Experimental
This study would be using the experimental procedure. All concrete cylinders should be
set at a time. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) will be used in the concrete mixture. The
aggregates used were crushed coarse aggregates and the sand. The main source of the
Glutinous Rice Flour came from the market.
Material Sampling
Cement (g)
Portland cement Arrowroot Sand (g) Gravel (g) Water (g)
powder
100% 0% 1649.84 4950.25 297
(594) (0)
99% 1% 1649.84 4950.25 297
(588.06) (5.94)
98.5% 1.5% 1649.84 4950.25 297
(585.09) (8.91)
98% 2% 1649.84 4950.25 297
(582.12) (11.88)
97.5% 2.5% 1649.84 4950.25 297
(579.15) (14.85)
1 8 4
2 8 4
3 8 4
The concrete proportion will use in this study is mixture class A with 1:2:4 with water-
cement ratio 0.5. The Ordinary Portland Cement weighs 40 kg.
Procedure:
Extraction of arrowroot powder:
1. Gather the arrowroot plants then peel each of these.
2. Wash the peeled arrowroots.
3. Then pound using the mortar and pestle
4. After pounding them, filtrate using strainer then squeeze them to maximize the content
5. Allow to settle for 1 hour
6. Then dewater, and allow to dry for at least 8 hours
7. As it dries, pound them until it was completely in powder form
Specimens:
The amount of glutinous rice flour will be varied as (0%, 1%, 3%,5%,7% and 10%)
.Table B shows the amount in grams.
Tensile Strength
The tensile strength of the concrete mixture specimen will be determine using the
Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The tensile strength is the measured maximum resistance
to axial loading, express as twice the force per unit of cross sectional area in pounds per
square inch (psi).
σx= 2F
πDH
Where :
σx = Tensile stress
F= Tensile load at failure in pounds
D= Diameter of cylinder in inch
H = Height of cylinder in inch