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MATHEMATICS 1 8
Contents
02 Brief history
Mathematical research 04
10 Graduate studies
16 Math Olympiads
Math education 18
Women in Mathematics 22
Brief history
mathematicians have been giving significant
contributions to the functioning of the Union.
research 2349
1832
1654
Analysis and dynamical systems were areas of mathematical physics, including 1423 1365
1082 1155
1019
among the very first mathematics research gauge theory and string theory. 530
712
837
394 421
fields developed in Brazil. They were soon 253 302 336
followed by differential geometry, calculus IMPA (Rio de Janeiro), the state universities of 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
of variations, which naturally led to partial São Paulo (at São Paulo and São Carlos) and
differential equations, and algebra and Campinas, the federal universities of Rio de
algebraic geometry. Next came statistics, Janeiro, Brasília, Minas Gerais (Belo Horizonte)
control, optimization and probability theory. and Ceará (Fortaleza), and the catholic
More recent additions include discrete university of Rio de Janeiro are considered the A striking consequence of this growth is
mathematics, especially combinatorics, main national mathematics research centers. that the Brazilian contribution to the world’s
and several areas of applications: numerical High profile research groups exist also at the mathematics output has been increasing
analysis, fluid dynamics, computer vision and federal universities of Pernambuco (Recife), rapidly, both in absolute terms and in In 2016 a total of 2349 math
inverse problems, to mention just a few. Paraíba (João Pessoa), Campina Grande, percentage.
Paraná (Curitiba), Rio Grande do Sul (Porto papers were authored by Brazilian
Among the most interesting recent Alegre) and Fluminense (Niterói) and the state For example, in 2006, right after Brazil moved
developments one should highlight the rise of universities of Maringá and São Paulo at Rio to the IMU Group IV, it accounted for 1.53% of
mathematicians, up from 253 in
6
a new generation of mathematicians working Preto. Especially since the late 1990’s, smaller the world’s production (1043 math papers). By 1986, 530 in 1996, and 1155 in 2006 7
in modern trends of geometry (symplectic, yet very productive groups have been installed 2016, that had grown to 2.35% (2076 papers).
(source: MathSciNet).
BRAZILIAN MATHEMATICS 2018
2,35
1,94
1,63 1,66 1,72
1,62 1,53 1,57
1,45
1,31
1,06
0,90 0,91
0,70 0,73 0,79
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
papers papers
Publications Mathématiques de l’IHÉS 5 Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 103 Annales Henri Poincaré 16 Israel Journal of Mathematics 61
Cambridge Journal of Mathematics 1 Journal of Functional Analysis 77 Annals of Applied Statistics 8 Journal of Algebra 244
Annals of Mathematics 17 Annals of Applied Probability 20 Bayesian Analysis 11 Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A 12
Acta Mathematica 6 Mathematisch Annalen 48 Bernoulli (Andover) 7 Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series B 23
Journal of the American Mathematical Society 7 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 5 Biometrics (Washington) 12 Journal of the London Mathematical Society 37
Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics 18 Compositio Mathematica 8 Bulletin de la Societé Mathématique de France 8 Mathematics of Operations Research 7
Inventiones Mathematicae 21 ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 5 Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 160 Mathematische Zeitschrift 78
Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 36 Journal of Algebraic Geometry 3 ESAIM: Control Optimization and Calculus of Variations 18 Nonlinearity 130
Memoires of the American Mathematical Society 1 Journal of the ACM (Association for Computer Machinery) 1 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 56 Physical Review Letters 28
Duke Mathematical Journal 14 SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences 2 IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 4 SIAM Review 6
Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure 7 Mathematics of Computation 22 IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 49 Statistica Sinica 6
Journal of the European Mathematical Society 16 Mathematical Programming 78
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 9 Statistics and Computing 8
Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré - Analyse Non Linéaire 40 Journal of Scientific Computing 13
IEEE Transactions on Reliability 12 The Asian Journal of Mathematics 19
Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 2 Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa – Scienze 14
Indiana University Mathematics Journal 39 The Journal of Geometric Analysis 40
Dissertationes Mathematicae (Rozprawy Matematyczne) 1 Journal of Topology 3
TOTAL = 3279
Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 13 ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis 5
262
Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations 45 Advances in Nonlinear Analysis 7
240
73 109
Analysis and Partial Differential Equations 5 SIAM Journal of Control and Optimization 49 101
57 86
81 84
77 74 72
70
Journal of Differential Equations 274 Communications in Number Theory and Physics 1 58 62 63
39 38
Advances in Mathematics 60 International Mathematical Research Notes (IMRN) 19
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Annals of Statistics 8 Journal d'Analyse Mathématique (Jerusalem) 8
Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik 28 Journal de l'Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu 10
Top 100 MCQ TOTAL
Transactions of the London Mathematical Society 2 Astérisque 23
IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis 14 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh - Section A 35
SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications 14 Communications in Analysis and Geometry 33
at ICMs
Brazilian
1982 Invited: P. Schweitzer. Foundation, Italy) for Jacob Palis and the 2016
Grand Prix Scientifique Louis D. (Institut de
1986 Invited: R. Mañé. France) for Marcelo Viana.
1998
Invited: R. Mañé and M. Viana.
Plenary: C. G. Moreira. Invited: C. Araújo, R. Exel, V. Futorny, L. J. Díaz, U. Hryniewicz, A. A small sample of math meetings held in Brazil
2018
Koropecki, C. Landim, H. N. Lopes, R. Morris, T. Roque, C. Sagastizábal and P. Salomão.
International Congress of Mathematical Physics, 2006
10 11
International Congress on Minimal and Constant Mean Curvatures Surfaces, 2007
BRAZILIAN MATHEMATICS 2018
Graduate
1373
1342
1278
of that decade, and National Programs for 1119
1172
1109
1147 1138
1074
Graduate Studies have been formulated by 1038 1040
studies
949 931 946 939
901 874
the federal government since 1975. The fifth 740
796
2011-2020.
The history of graduate studies in Brazil is closely
related to that of the two main agencies for The first graduate program in mathematics
the promotion of science, CNPq and Capes, started at IMPA in 1962. By the end of that 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
both created by the federal government in decade, doctoral programs were still scarce and M.Sc. students Ph.D. students
1951. CNPq provides support to individual mostly concentrated around Rio de Janeiro and Number of students enrolled in graduate programs in mathematics, probability
and statistics.
[PROFMAT not included]. By 2016 there were 1373 doctoral
researchers and research groups, whereas 57 students, up from677 in 2007. The number of master’s students has grown more 1206
1244
1169
slowly: 1138 in 2016, up from 901 in 2007.
CAPES both funds and evaluates graduate 51
source: CAPES 1019
1062 1088
794 815
704
The origin of graduate programs goes back to 33 There are currently six professional master’s
programs in mathematics, in such areas as
30
the so-called University 28
would be very damaging for the nation’s alienation between teachers’ pre-service and
In this way, this program is also helping bring
development prospects: on the one hand, the in-service training, on the one hand, and the
university and school together for a dialogue
level of mathematical literacy of the society classroom practice, on the other hand, has
that had been missing for decades, and is
as a whole is clearly inadequate; in addition, been widely denounced.
crucial for dealing with the challenges of
there is a lack of professionals to occupy key In response to this scenario, various institutions
education. This has materialized, in particular,
positions in mathematics-based professions. and organizations, including the scientific
in the creation of the National Association of
societies SBM, SBEM and SBMAC, have been
Mathematics Teachers (ANPMat) which is led
Additional official data about the performance actively promoting initiatives whose goal is
by PROFMAT alumni and aims to provide new
of students just released by the Ministry of aim to improve the training of school teachers,
opportunities for the training of mathematics
Education show that progress has stalled at the both pre-service and in-service. A highlight is
teachers, in collaboration with the universities PROFMAT, the professional master’s program
high school level, while there has been some the nationwide professional master´s program 100 campuses,
and the scientific societies. for school teachers operates on
meaningful improvement at the elementary PROFMAT. in all 26 Brazilian states plus the Federal District
(Brasília).
Regional and international The Brazilian mathematical community has been very active in promoting mathematics in Latin America
center of mathematicians from neighboring countries such as Peru, Venezuela and Paraguay. Brazilian mathematics and a honorary researcher of IMPA.
Members of the Brazilian mathematical community are very active in assisting with the aims of the Mathematical
Brazil has played an important role for the development of mathematics in Mexico and in the region. For Council of the Americas: to highlight the excellence of mathematics in the Americas and to foster scientific
instance, the research groups in dynamical systems that exist in various countries all have their origin in Brazil. integration between all mathematical communities in the Continent. Brazilian mathematicians played an essential
From the viewpoint of the Latin American cooperation, Brazil has always played a key role. That cooperation role in establishing the MCofA in 2010 and have been fully committed to regional cooperation.
started decades ago, mostly through the Latin American Schools of Mathematics, ELAM, which were started Activities sponsored by the MCofA include the quadrennial Mathematical Congress of the Americas where
in Brazil. That cooperation paved the way for the creation of UMALCA and the organization of the first the Brazil plays a very important role. MCA2017 takes place in July 2017 in Montreal, and Brazil is one of the
Latin American Congress of Mathematics, which was held in 2000 in Rio de Janeiro. leading supporting countries including Canada, the USA and Mexico. The international stature of the Brazilian
José Seade (director), mathematical community informs the bid of Brazil to join Group 5 of the IMU.
Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México Susan Friedlander (chair),
Mathematical Council of the Americas
Women in Mathematics
Groups of women mathematicians, both
[1] [2]
professors and students, established at
several universities promote debates on
the subject, aiming at identifying the issues
faced by women in the field, as well as at
helping find solutions, pointing out how to
improve the presence of women at all levels
of the career.
The history of women in mathematics research
In addition to specific meetings, such as the
in Brazil had its start around 70 years ago. The
Paulista meeting of women in mathematics,
first woman to obtain a doctoral degree in [1]
and round tables held around the country
mathematics was Marília Chaves Peixoto, in
on various occasions, we have witnessed
1948, followed by two other pioneers in the actions to bring out female mathematicians
field, Maria Laura Mouzinho Leite Lopes and as role models, such as the exhibit Women:
[3] [4]
Elza Furtado Gomide, who graduated in 1949. Brazilian mathematical expressions, featured
in 2017 at universities, public open spaces
Despite this late start, the country’s current and the Bienal de Matemática.
statistics about women in mathematics are
quite reasonable when compared with those The years 2017 and 2018 will be special
of many European or North American countries. when it comes to women in mathematics in
Women constitute about 42% of the starting Brazil, with a countrywide cycle of debates
and round tables, entitled Mathematics: a
undergraduate students in mathematics and
feminine noun, planned to take place at
around 48% of those who finish the degree.
several federal and state universities. This was
When it comes to graduate studies, around [2]
24 partly sparked by - and may be thought of 25
27% of the degrees are obtained by women. as a build-up to - the coming World Meeting
BRAZILIAN MATHEMATICS 2018
At the proposal of IMPA, the Brazilian national including prime time television news.
BRAZILIAN MATHEMATICS 2018
The first Brazilian Math Festival, held in April 2017, attracted 18,000 visitors, of
all ages, curious to check the organizers claim that “Math is fun!” The lectures
of Adrián Paenza, winner of the 2014 Leelavati Prize, were among the highlights.
Substantial effort is devoted to enhancing
the presence of mathematics in the Brazilian
media, from major newspapers and television
chains to the social networks.
A series of four 6+ minutes episodes
about mathematics broadcast by
Globo TV with Marcelo Viana as the
main character. Jornal Nacional is a
multiple Emmy-winning program and
the leading national TV news evening
show, with an audience of around 20
million viewers.
November, 2017.
Over 35 national media outlets reported on the Marcelo Viana writes a weekly column The Math Festival was announced in
the International Mathematical Olympiad. Five in Folha de S.Paulo, the best-selling various media, from radio channels
TV networks, including two Globo news shows, newspaper in Brazil. The Folha de São and news magazines to outdoor
also broadcast stories about it. Paulo website monthly audience reaches adds all over Rio de Janeiro.
July 17-23, 2017 30 million people. April, 2017.
Since March 3, 2017.
30 31
BRAZILIAN MATHEMATICS 2018