CHAPTER 4 SOLUTIONS

2/17/10

4-1) Load:

2Vm Vo 2 2(120) / 
Vo  ; Io   6.0 A.
 R 18
V 120 2 9.43
I o , peak  m   9.43 A.; I o ,rms   6.67 A.
R 18 2

Each diode:

I o 6.0 I
I D ,avg    3.0 A.; I D , peak  I o, peak  9.43 A.; I D, rms  o ,rms  4.71 A.
2 2 2

4-2)

2Vm 2 120  2 Vo 108

bridge : Vo    108 V .; I o 
  4.32 A.
  R 25
PIV  Vm  120 2  170 V .
Center tapped : Vm  120 2, I o  4.32 A.; PIV  2Vm  2(120) 2  340 V .

4-3)

V0 2Vm 200
 I0 
  4.24 A.
R  R  15
2V  1 1  Vn
Vn  m    ; Z n  R  (no L) ; I n 
2 2

  n 1 n 1  Zn
V2  42.4, V4  8.49, ; Z 2  47.7 , Z 4  91.7 
42.4 V
I2   0.890 A., I 4  4  0.0925 A.
47.7 Z4
2
 0.890  (0.0925) 2
I rms   I  4.24  
2
n
2
   4.29 A.
 2  2
1 I
I D  I 0  2.12 A.; I D ,rms  o ,rms  3.03 A.
2 2
I s  0; I s ,rms  I o ,rms  4.29 A.
4-4)

V0 2Vm 340
I0    10.8 A.
R  R  10
2V  1 1  Vn
Vn  m    ; Z n  R  (no L) ; I n 
2 2

  n 1 n 1  Zn
V2  72.2, V4  14.4, ; Z 2  21.3 , Z 4  39.0 
72.2 V
I2   3.38 A., I 4  4  0.37 A.
21.3 Z4
2
 3.38  (0.37) 2
I rms   I  10.8  
2
n
2
   11.1 A.
 2  2
1 I
I D  I 0  5.4 A.; I D ,rms  o ,rms  7.84 A.
2 2
I s  0; I s ,rms  I o ,rms  11.1 A.

4-5)

a) Average load current : R  15 L  30 mH

Vo 2Vm /  2(120) 2 /  108
Io      7.20 A.
R R 15 15

b) Power is determined from the Fourier series. Using Eq. 4-4 and 4-5.

n Vn, V. Zn. Ω In, A.

2 72.0 27.1 2.65
4 14.4 47.7 0.302

2 2
 2.65   0.32 
I rms  7.20  
2
    7.45 A.; P  I rms R  (7.45) 25  832 W .
2 2

 2   2 
P 832
I s ,rms  I o ,rms  7.45 A.; pf    0.93
S (120)(7.45)
4-6

a) Average load current : R  12 L  20 mH

Vo 2Vm /  2(120) 2 /  108
Io      9.0 A.
R R 12 12

b) Power is determined from the Fourier series. Using Eq. 4-4 and 4-5.

n Vn, V. Zn. Ω In, A.

2 72.0 19.3 3.74
4 14.4 32.5 0.444

2 2
 3.74   0.444 
I rms  9.0  
2
    9.39 A.; P  I rms R  (9.39) 12  1, 058 W .
2 2

 2   2 
P 1058
I s ,rms  I o ,rms  9.39 A.; pf    0.94
S (120)(9.39)

4-7)

Vo 2Vm 2 2(40)
a) I o     9.0 A.
R R 4
I V 40
b) I rms  m  o ,rms   10 A.
2 R 4
c) I s ,avg  0
N   40 
d ) I s ,rms  I o ,rms  2   10    1.67 A.
 N1   240 
4-8) Load:

2Vm
Vo  I o R  (10)(15)  150 V 

Vo 150
Vm    2.36 V .
2 2
V 236
Vo ,rms  m   166.6 V . on each sec. tap, 333.2 V . overall
2 2
N V 120
120 V . source : 1  1   0.36:1 or 1:2.78
N 2 V2 333.2
N1 240
240 V . source :   0.72:1 or 1:1.39
N 2 333.2

4-9)

2Vm
V  I o R  (5)(10)  50 V . 

Vo 50
Vm    78.5 V .
2 2
V 78.5
Vo ,rms  m   55.5 V . on each sec. tap, 111 V . overall
2 2
N V 120
120 V . source : 1  1   1.08:1
N 2 V2 111
N1 240
240 V . source :   2.16:1
N 2 111

4-10)

Vo 2Vm
a) I o  10 A. 

R R
2V 2(120) 2
R m   10.8  total
 Io  10
Rx  10.8  4  6.8 
b) V2  72 Z 2  151
V2 72
I2    0.4764
Z 2 151
I o  2 I 2  2(0.4764)  0.953 A.
4-11)

2Vm 2(120) 2
 Vdc  48
V V
a) I o  o dc      20.0 A.
R R 3
Pdc  I oVdc  (20.0)(48)  961 W .

b) Fourier Series

n Vn, V. Zn. Ω In, A.

2 72.2 11.7 6.16
4 14.4 22.8 0.631

2 2
 6.16   0.631 
I rms  20.0  
2
    20.5 A.
 2   2 
PR  I rms
2
R  (20.5) 2 (3)  1, 259 W .
 170  P 961  1259
c) S  Vrms I rms    (20.5)  2460 VA; pf  S  2460  .90
 2
d ) I o  2 I 2  6.16  12.32 A.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4-12

2Vm 2(340)
 Vdc  96
Vo  Vdc
a) I o       24.1 A.
R R 5
Pdc  I oVdc  (24.1)(96)  2,313 W .

b) Fourier Series

n Vn, V. Zn. Ω In, A.

2 144.3 30.6 4.72
4 28.9 60.5 0.477
 2 2
 4.72   0.477 
I rms  24.1  
2
    24.3 A.
 2   2 
PR  I rms
2
R  (24.1) 2 (5)  1,958 W .
 340  P 2313  1958
c) S  Vrms I rms    (24.3)  5,848 VA; pf  S   .90
 2 5848
d ) I o  2 I 2  4.72  9.44 A.

4-13) I 0  7.03 A. from PSpice

4-14) a) Continuous current; P=474 W.

b) Discontinuous current; P=805 W.

4-15

2Vm 2(120 2)
 Vdc  24
Vo  Vdc
a) I o       21.0 A.
R R 4
Pdc  I oVdc  (21.0)(24)  504 W .

b) Fourier Series

n Vn, V. Zn. Ω In, A.

2 72.0 30.4 2.37
4 14.4 60.5 0.238

2 2
 2.37   0.238 
I rms  212       21.1 A.
 2   2 
PR  I rms
2
R  (21.1) 2 (4)  1, 777 W .
P 504  1777
c) S  Vrms I rms  120  (21.1)  2,529 VA; pf    .90
S 2529
4-16

2Vm 2(120 2)
 Vdc  36
Vo  Vdc
a) I o       14.4 A.
R R 5
Pdc  I oVdc  (14.4)(36)  519 W .

b) Fourier Series

n Vn, V. Zn. Ω In, A.

2 72.0 45.5 1.58
4 14.4 90.6 0.159

2 2
 1.58   0.159 
I rms  14.42       14.45 A.
 2   2 
PR  I rms
2
R  (14.45) 2 (5)  1, 044 W .
P 519  1044
c) S  Vrms I rms  120  (14.45)  1, 734 VA; pf    .90
S 1734

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4-17)

26.5A

100uH

20.0A

40mH

10.0A

0A
150ms 152ms 154ms 156ms 158ms 160ms 162ms 164ms 166ms 168ms 170ms 172ms 174ms
I(L1)
Time
The current with the 100 μH inductor is discontinuous.

4-18)

Vm
V  ; Vo  Vm 120 2  169.7 V .; 0.01Vo  1.7 V .
2 fRC
Vm 169.7
C   4160  F .
2 fRVo 2(60)(200)(1.7)
I o Vo 169.7
ID     0.43 A.
2 2 R 2(200)
I D , peak : from Eq. 4  11,
 Vo  1  1.7 
  sin 1 1    sin 1    81.9
 Vm   169.7 
 sin  
From Eq. 3  48, I D , peak  Vm  C cos   
 R 
 sin 81.9 
 120 2  377(8.32)(10) 3 cos81.9    38.5 A.
 200 

4-19)

Vo 100
Req    200 ; Vm  100  Vo ; Vo  1 V .
I o 0.5
Vm 100
C   4167  F .
2 fRC Vo 2(60)(200)(1)
Io
ID   0.2 A.
2
 V 
From Eq. 4  11,   sin 1 1  o   sin 1 (0.99)  81.9
 Vo 
 sin  
From Eq. 3  48, I D , peak  Vm   C cos   
 R 
 sin 81.9 
 100  377(4167)(10) 6 cos81.9    22.6 A.
 200 

4-20) C ≈ 3333/2 = 1667 µF. Peak diode currents are the same. Fullwave circuit has
advantages of zero average source current, smaller capacitor, and average diode current ½ that
for the halfwave. The halfwave circuit has fewer diodes, and has only one diode voltage drop
rather than two.

4-21)

3 L 3(377)(.01)
a) R  7  :   1.62
R 7
> 1  continuous current
2Vm
Vo   108 V .


3 L 3(377)(.01)
b) R  20  :   0.57
R 20
From Fig . 4  8, Vo  0.7Vm  0.7(120) 2  119 V .
V   119 
(1) Eq. 4  18 :   sin 1  o   sin 1    0.777 rad .
 Vm   120 2 
1
(2) Eq. 4  20 : I L (t )  [V (cos   cos t )  Vo (t   )] < 1 
L m
iL (  )  0  Vm (cos   cos  )  Vo (    )
 120 2(cos(.777)  cos  )  119(   .777)    3.216 rad .

1
(3) I L 
  i (t )d (t )  6.14 A.

L

(4) Vo  I L R  (6.14)(20)  122.9 V .  119 V .

Calculated Vo is slightly larger than initial estimate. Try Vo=120 V.:

(1) Vo  120 V . From Eq. 4  18,   0.785

(2) From Eq. 4  20,
i (  )  0  120 2[cos(.785)  cos  ]  120(   .785)    3.197 rad .

1
(3) I L 
  i(t )d (t )  5.895 A.
(4) Vo  I L R  (5.895)(20)  117.9 V .  120

Therefore, 119 < Vo < 120 V. (Vo=119.6 with more iterations.)

c) PSpice results:

127

R=20

R=7
100

50

R=7

R=20
0
559ms 560ms 561ms 562ms 563ms 564ms 565ms 566ms 567ms 568ms 569ms 570ms
V(OUT+,OUT-) I(L1)
Time

R = 7 results in continuous current with Vo = 108 V. R = 20 results in discontinuous current with Vo =

120 V. The simulation was done with C = 10,000 μF.

4-22) PSpice results with a 0.5 Ω resistance in series with the inductance: For Rload = 5 Ω,
Vo=56.6 V. (compared to 63.7 volts with an ideal inductor); for Rload = 50 Ω, Vo=82.7 V.
(compared to 84.1 volts with an ideal inductor).

4-23)

Vm 120 2
a) I o  (1  cos  )  (1  cos 45)  4.61 A.
R  20
V 1  sin  120 2 1 45( /180) sin 90
b) I rms  m       5.72 A.
R 2 2 4 20 2 2 4
c) I s ,rms  I o ,rms  5.72 A.
d ) P  I rms
2
R  (5.72) 2 20  655 W .; S  Vrms I rms  (120)(5.72)  686 VA.
P 655
pf    0.954
S 686
4-24)

Vm 1  sin 2
I rms   
R 2 2 4
V 
S  Vrms I rms   m  ; P  I rms
2
R
 2
Vm 1  sin 2
2  
2 2 4
2
P I R 2 I rms R R
pf   rms
 
S  Vm  Vm Vm
  I rms
 2
1  sin 2  sin 2
 2    1 
2 2 4  2

4-25) a) α = 15° : Check for continuous current. First period:

Vm
i (t )  sin((t )   )  Ae t /  10.84sin(t  0.646)  5.75e t /.754
Z
i (  )  0    217;   180  37    continuous current
Or
L 377(0.050)
  tan 1  tan 1  37    continuous current
R 25
2V V 208.7
Vo  m cos   208.7 V .; I o  o   8.35 A.
 R 25

b) α = 75° Check for continuous current. First period:

  37 from part a,   75 discontinuous current

Vm
i (t )  sin((t )   )  Ae t /  10.84sin(t  0.646)  37.9e t /0.754
Z
i (  )  0    216 ;   180  36    discontinuous current

1
Io 
 
 i(t )d (t )  2.32 A.
4-26)a) α = 20°: Check for continuous current. First period:

Vm
i (t )  sin((t )   )  Ae t /  4.12sin(t  0.756)  2.36e t /0.943
Z
i (  )  0    224,   180  42    continuous current
L 377(0.075)
  tan 1  tan 1  43    continuous current
R 30
2V V 101.5
Vo  m cos   101.5 V .; I o  o   3.38 A.
 R 30

b) α = 80°: Check for continuous current. First period:

Vm
i (t )  sin((t )   )  Ae t /  4.12sin(t  0.756)  10.8e t /0.943
Z
i (  )  0    221;   180  41    discontinuous current
L
  tan 1  37    discontinuous current
R

1
I o   i (t )d t   0.838 A.
 

4-27) The source current is a square wave of ±Io.

Vo 2Vm
P  I rms
2
R  I o2 R; I o  
pf R R
2 2
 2V   2V  1
P m  R m 
 R     R
Vm  2Vm  2Vm2
S  Vs ,rms I s ,rms  Vs ,rms I o    
2  R  R
2
 2Vm  1
P    R 2 2
pf   
S 2Vm2 
R
4-28)

I o  4.5 A.  Vo  I o R  4.5(20)  90 V .

I o  8 A.  Vo  I o R  8(20)  160 V .
Vm 160
Eq. 4  23 : Vo  (1  cos  ): forVo  160 V . and   0, Vm   251 V .
 2
V    90 
forVm  251 and Vo  90,   cos 1  o  1  cos 1   1  82.7
 Vm   251 
Vm' 120 2
turns ratio    0.68 :1 or 1:148
Vm 251

Note that the turns ratio could be lower (higher secondary voltage) and α adjusted accordingly.

4-29)

Vo  I o R  10(5)  50 V .; from Eq. 4  30,

 Vo   50 
  cos 1  1
  cos    62.5
 m
2V 2 2 120  
 
 L  1  377(.1) 
check for continuous current : tan 1    tan    82.4
 R   5 
62.5  82.4  continuous
V2  132 V . Z 2  75.6  I 2  1.75 A.
I o  2(1.75)  3.5 A.
4-30)

2Vm 2 2(240)
Vo  cos   cos105  56 V .
 
100  56
Io   4.4 A.; Pdc  I oVdc  (4.4)(100)  440 W .
10
Pac  Pbridge  I oVo  (4.4)(56)  246 W .
PR  Pdc  Pac  440  246  194 W .
V2
From Fig . 4  12,  0.83 for   105
Vm
V2  0.83 Vm  0.83 2(240)  281 V .
Z 2  R  j 2 L  10  j 2(377)(.8)  603  R
V2 281
I2    0.47 A.; I o  2 I 2  0.94 A. p  p
Z 2 603
4-31)

Vo  Vdc
a) I o 
R
 V V  1
Pbridge (absorbed )  I o (Vo )   o dc  (Vo )     (Vo2  VoVdc )
 R  R
Vo  VoVdc  Pbr R  0
2

Vo2  100Vo  2000(0.8)  0

Vo  20 V or  80 V .
2000 2000
with Vo  20, I o   100 A.; with Vo  80, I o   25 A.
20 80
choose Vo  80 V . to minimize losses
 Vo  1  80 
 =cos 1    cos  137.8
 2Vm   2 2(120 
V2
b) at   137.8, from Fig. 4  12,  0.65  V2  0.65 2(120)  110 V .
Vm
I o  (.1) I o  (.1)(25)  2.5 A.
I o
I2   1.25 A.
2
V 110
Z2  2   88   R  j 2o L  2o L
I 2 1.25
Z2 88
L   0.117 H  117 mH
2o 2(377)

Choose L somewhat larger, say 120 mH, to allow for approximations.

4-32) In Fig. 4-14, Pac = Pbridge = -VoIo = 1000 W. Using Vdc = -96 V gives this solution:

Kirchhoff ' s voltage law gives  Vo  (1) I o  96  0

1000
Vo 
Io

1000
 I o  96  0
Io

I o2  96 I o  1000  0

I o  84.11 or 11.89 A. Use11.89 A.

then Vo  84.11V .

 Vo   84.11 
  cos 1  1
  cos    141.1
 2 120  2 
 2Vm  

From Fig .4  14,

V2
Vm
 0.64 gives  
V2  0.64 120 2  109 V .

1.189
I o  2 I 2  0.10  I o   1.189 A. I2   0.595 A
2
V2 109
Z2    183  R  j L  1  j L
I 2 0.595

183 183
 L  183 L   0.48 H .
 377

_____________________________________________________________________________________
4-33)

a ) Pdc  5000 W . absorbed  I oVdc  5000

5000
Io   33.3 A.
150
Vo  150  0.6 I o  150  0.6(33.3)  130 V .
2Vm V    130 
Vo  cos     cos 1  o   cos 1    127
  2Vm   2 2(240) 
b) Pbridge  I o (Vo )  (33.3)(130)  4329 W .
V2
c) From Fig . 4  12, at 127,  0.73  V2  0.73(240) 2  248 V .
Vm
I o
I o  0.1I o  0.1(33.3) A.; I 2   1.67 A.
2
V2 248
Z2    149   2o L
I 2 1.67
149
L  0.197 H  200 mH
2(377)

4-34)

3Vm 3 2(480)
a ) Vo    648 V .
 
Vo 648
Io    12.96 A.
R 50
V 480 2  2
b) io (t )  m sin t  sin t  13.6sin t for  t 
R 50 3 3
2 /3
1
I rms 
 /3 
 /3
(13.6sin t ) 2 d (t )  12.98 A.

2
I s ,rms  (12.98)  10.6 A.
3
c) P  I rms
2
R  (12.98) 2 50  8419 W .
S  3VI  3(480)(10.6)  8808 VA
P 8419
pf    0.956
S 8808
4-35)

3Vm 3 2(240) Vo 324

a) Vo    324 V .; I o    4.05 A.
  R 80
6Vm
b) V6   0.055Vm  0.055 2(240)  18.5 V .
 (62  1)
Z 6  R  80
V6 18.5
I6    0.23 A.
Z6 80
2
 0.23 
I rms  I o2  I 6 rms  4.052     4.06 A.
 2 
I 4.04
c) I D  o   2.02 A.
2 2
I 4.05
d ) I D ,rms  o ,rms   2.87 A.
2 2
I o ,rms 2 4.06 2
e) I s ,rms    3.31 A.
3 3
f) PI 2
o , rms R  (4.06) 2 80  1315 W .; S  3VI  3(240)(3.31)  1376 VA
P 1315
pf    0.956
S 1376
4-36)

3Vm 3 2(480) Vo 649

a) Vo    649 V .; I o    6.49 A.
  R 100
6Vm
b) V6   0.055Vm  0.055 2(480)  37.1 V .
 (62  1)
Z 6  R  j 6o L  100  j 6(377)(.015)  100  j 37.9  106 
V6 37.1
I6    0.35 A.
Z 6 106
2
 0.35 
I rms  I  I 6 rms  6.49  
2
o
2
  6.49 A.
 2 
I 6.49
c) I D  o   3.25 A.
2 2
I 6.49
d ) I D ,rms  o ,rms   4.59 A.
2 2
I o ,rms 2 6.49 2
e) I s ,rms    5.3 A.
3 3
f) PI 2
o , rms R  (6.49) 2100  4212 W .; S  3VI  3(480)(5.3)  4406 VA
P 4212
pf    0.956
S 4406

4-37)

There are no differences between the calculations in Problem 4.36 and the PSpice results. The
power absorbed by each diode ia approximately 1.9 W.

4-38)Equation (4-46) gives values of of I1 = 28.6 A, I5 = 5.71 A, I7 = 4.08 A, I11 = 2.60 A, and I13
= 2.20 A. All compare well with the PSpice results. The total harmonic distortion (THD) is
27.2% when including harmonics through n = 13.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
4-39)

a ) Vo  I o R  (25)(120)  3000 V .
  Vo  1   3000 
  cos 1    cos    57.7
 3Vm   3 2(4160) 
V6
b) From Fig. 4  21,  0.28  V6  0.28 2(4160)  1640 V .
Vm
V12
 0.135  V12  794 V .
Vm
V18
 0.09  V18  525 V .
Vm

c)

50A

0A Load

-50A
I(R)

40A
S1

0A
I(S1)
80A

S4
SEL>>
0A
I(S4)
50A
Ia
0A

-50A
65ms 70ms 75ms 80ms 85ms 90ms 95ms 100ms
-I(VAN)
Time
4-40)

a ) Vo  I o R  (10)(50)  500 V .
  Vo  1   500 
  cos 1    cos    39.5
 3Vm   3 2(480) 
V6
b) From Fig. 4  21,  0.21  V6  0.21 2(480)  143 V .
Vm
V12
 0.1  V12  68 V .
Vm
V18
 0.07  V18  48 V .
Vm

c)

20A

SEL>> Load
-20A
I(R)

S1
10A

0A
I(S1)

10A S4

0A
I(S4)

10A
0A Ia

-10A

65ms 70ms 75ms 80ms 85ms 90ms 95ms 100ms

-I(VAN)
Time

_____________________________________________________________________________________
4-41)

3Vm 3 2(480)
a) Vo  cos   cos 35  531 V .
 
Vo 531
Io    10.6 A.
R 50
V
b) 6  0.19  V6  0.19 2(480)  130 V .
Vm
Z 6  R  j 60 L  50  j 6(377)(0.05)  124 
V6 130
I6    1.05 A.
Z 6 124
2 2
 I   1.05 
I o ,rms  i   6   10.62  
2
o   10.65 A.
 2  2 
 2  2
I s ,rms    I o ,rms   10.65  8.6 A.
 3  3

4-42)

3Vm 3 2(480)
a ) Vo  cos   cos 50  417 V .
 
Vo 417
Io    41.7 A.
R 10
V
b) 6  0.25  V6  0.25 2(480)  170 V .
Vm
Z 6  R  j 60 L  10  j 6(377)(0.01)  24.7 
V6 170
I6    6.9 A.
Z 6 24.7
2 2
 I   6.9 
I o ,rms  i   6   41.7 2  
2
o   42.3 A.
 2  2
 2  2
I s ,rms    I o ,rms  
  41.7  34 A.
 3  3
4-43)

a ) Vo  I o R  (20)(20)  400 V .

 V    400 
a  cos 1  o   cos 1    52
 3Vm   3 2(480) 
V
b) From Fig . 4  21, 6  0.25  V6  0.25( 2)(480)  170 V .
Vm
2 2 2
 I 6   I12   I18 
       0.02 I o or I 62  I122  I182  0.02 2 I o
 2  2  2
Z 6  R  j 6 L
V6
 I 6  0.02 I o  0.02(20)  0.4 A.
Z6
V6 170
Z6    425   R  j 6 L  20  j 6(377) L
I 6 0.4
6(377) L  425
425
L  0.188 H
6(377)
L  190 mH

4-44)

 Vo   280 
  cos 1  1
  cos    149.8
 3 2  280  
 3Vm  

300V  280V
Io   40 A
0.5
Pdc  Vdc I o   300  40   12,000 W supplied

PR  I o2 R  402  0.5   800 W absorbed

PBridge  Pac   280  40   11, 200 W absorbed

_____________________________________________________________________________________
4-45)

 1.5(10)6 W . 
Pbridge  1.5 MW .; Vo     1500 V .
 1000 A. 
 V    (1500) 
  cos 1  o   cos 1    105.5
 3Vm   3 2(4160) 
 2
I s ,rms   1000  816 A.
 3 

4-46)

100,000
With Pac  Pbridge  100 kW absorbed, - Vo I o  100,000 or Vo 
Io

Kirchhoff's voltage law gives - Vo   I o   0.1   1000V  0

100,000
Substituting for Vo ,   0.1I o  1000  0
Io

0.1I o2  1000 I o  100,000  0 yields the two roots Io  9,890 A or 101 A

Choose Io  101 A because this solution results in lower I o2 losses.

Vo  1000V  I o  0.1   1000   0.1101  989.9 V

3Vm
Vo  cos  , where Vm  2 12,500  N 2 / N1  


 Vo   989.9 
  cos 1    cos 1
 
 3Vm   3 2 12,500  N 2 / N1   
   
N 2 / N1  1 will theoretically work, but  = 93.36, but the harmonic content will be large.

A better solution would be to choose N 2 / N1 to be perhaps 1/10 (step-down). Then  = 125.9

 V6
From Fig. 4-21,  0.3
Vm

Vm  2 12,500  N 2 / N1    2 12,500 / 10   1768 V

V6  0.3Vm  0.3 1768   530V

I o  2 I 6  0.5I o  0.5 101  5.05 A  I 6  2.525 A

V6 530
Z6    210   R  j L  0.1  j 377 L  377 L
I 6 2.525

210
L  0.56 H
377

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4-47)

a) Vo1 
3Vm, L  L
cos(1 ) 

3 230 2  cos(45)  329.5 kV
 

Vo 2 
3Vm, L  L
cos( 2 ) 

3 230 2  cos(134.4)  326 kV
 
Vo1  Vo 2 329.5kV  326kV
Io    231 A
R 15
P1  Vo1 I o  76.17 MW

P2  Vo 2 I o  75.37 MW

b) Pline  I o2 R  800 kW

_____________________________________________________________________________________
4-48)

3Vm
a ) Vm  230 2 kV ; Vo  cos( )


Vo,max 
3Vm


3 230 2   325.3 kV
 
V  
Let Vo 2  300 kV (arbitrarily ); Then  2  cos 1  o 2   164.98
 3Vm 
P2 80MW
Io    267 A (linecurrent )
Vo 2 300kW

Vo1  I o R  Vo 2  267(12)  (300kV )  303.2 kV

Pline  I o2 R  853 kW

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4-49)

3Vm
a) Vm  345 2 kV ; Vo  cos( )


Vo,max 
3Vm


3 345 2   465.9 kV
 
V  
Let Vo 2  425kV (arbitrarily ); Then  2  cos 1  o 2   155.8
 3Vm 
P2 300MW
Io    706 A (linecurrent )
Vo 2 425kW

Vo1  I o R  Vo 2  706(20)  (425kV )  439.1kV

Pline  I o2 R  9.97 MW

_____________________________________________________________________________________
4-50)

8 A.  I o  12 A.
 2V 
Vo   m  cos   I o R; Vo1  8(8)  64 V .; Vo 2  12(8)  96 V .
  
 64 
120  volt source : 1  cos 1    53.7
 2 2(120) 
V
From Fig . 4  12, 2  0.73  V2  124 V .
Vm
 96 
 2  cos 1    27.3
 2 2(120) 
V
From Fig . 4  12, 2  0.54  V2  92 V .
Vm
V2 124
using V2  124 V . for 1 and I o  2.5 A., Z 2    99 
I 2 2.5 / 2
Z2 99
Z 2  R  j 20 L  L    0.13 H
20 2(377)
For the 240  volt source,
 64 
1  cos 1    72.8
 2 2(240) 
V
From Fig . 4  12, 2  0.83  V2  280 V .
Vm
 96 
 2  cos 1    63.6
 2 2  240  
 
V
From Fig . 4  12, 2  0.78  V2  265 V .
Vm
V2 280
using V2  280 V . for 1 and I o  2.5 A., Z 2    224 
I 2 2.5 / 2
Z2 244
Z 2  R  j 20 L  20 L  L    0.3 H
20 2(377)
The 120-volt source requires a smaller filter inductor.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
4-51)

Io =15A in a 20- resistor. Io = 0.1(Io ) = 1.5 A.

First solution using the single-phase 480-V source with a controlled bridge rectifier:

 Vo 
  cos 1    46
 2Vm 
I o  2 I 2  I 2  1.5 / 2  0.75 A

From Fig. 4-12, V2 /Vm  0.71  V2  0.71 2  480   482V

V2 482
Z2    643   R  jn L  20  j 2  377  L
I 2 0.75

642
2  377  L  643  L   851 mH
2  377 

Second solution using the three-phase 480-V source with a controlled 6-pulse bridge rectifier:

 Vo   300 
  cos 1  1
  cos    62.4
 3V  3 2  480  
 m, L  L   
I o  2 I 6  I 6  1.5 / 2  0.75 A

From Fig. 4-12, V6 /Vm  0.28  V6  0.28 2  480   190V

V6 190
Z6    253   R  jn L  20  j  6  377 L
I 6 0.75

253
6  377  L  253  L   112 mH
6  377 

Uncontrolled rectifiers with additional resistances added can also satisfy the specifications.
However, adding resistance would increase power loss and decrease efficiency.

_____________________________________________________________________________________