Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Response to
Housing Needs
in Myanmar
Shigehiko Sugita
Deputy Director
Southeast Asia Division 4
Southeast Asia and Pacific Department
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Contents
1. Overview of Myanmar
5. Way forward
2
1. Overview of Myanmar
Population: 51.41 million people
(Population census in 2014)
Land: 677,000km2
(1.8times bigger than Japan)
GDP per capita: 868 USD
(FY2012/13, IMF)
6
2. Basic Data of Yangon City Development
Population (10,000 people)
1,400 11.73 million
1,200
1,000
800
600 5.57 million
400
2.47 million*
200
0
1993 2011 2040(予測)
2040
*1993: Data of Yangon city Source: SUDP, JICA 2013
Industrial Structure
in Myanmar and
Yangon Region
2. Basic Data of Yangon City Development
Land use in
2002 Transition of Land Use (2002⇒2012)
Source: SUDP. JICA 2013
Year old
25% Monthly Income Band Volume Zone (60%) :
20%
15% 100,000 -300,000 kyats/month
10% Kyats per month Average household expenditure :
5%
0% 216,000 kyats/month
Below…
25,000 ~…
50,001 ~…
75,001 ~…
Above…
100,001 ~…
150,001 ~…
200,001 ~…
300,001 ~…
400,001 ~…
500,001 ~…
600,001 ~…
700,001 ~…
800,001 ~…
900,001 ~…
Education Band
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
0.6%
男性
Male 12.2% 23.0% 32.0% 13.6% 17.5% 1.1%
0.3%
女性
Female 16.8% 24.2% 26.9% 10.0% 20.8% 1.1%
幼稚園
Kinder Elemen
小学校 Jr HS
中学校 高校HS Vocational
専門学校 Under
大学 Gradu
大学院
garten tary gradu
ate
ate
10
2. Basic Data of Yangon City Development
Housing
Individual housing
Water
Toilet, None
Vault 5.8% 0.6%
汲取り,
Toilet
11.0%
Water
注水式
Flush
トイレ,
Toilet
Clean water 82.6%
access: 40%
Peri-urban housing
Toilet facilities
Clean-water access coverage 12
Source: SUDP. JICA 2013
2. Basic Data of Yangon City Development
Public Bus Yangon Circular Railway Yangon BRT
One Ride - 0.05-0.2 One Ride - 0.2 USD/person One Ride - 0.3 USD
USD/person 3 hrs (Ave.15km/h) Started in Feb 2016
Some air-con car 46.0 km (circle line)
88% usage Only 7% usage
14
2. Housing Issue in Yangon
15
2. Housing Issue in Yangon
High case
Middle case
Law case
16
2. Housing Issue in Yangon
Stakeholders
State
Department of Urban and Housing Development(DUHD),
Ministry of Construction (MOC)
Region
Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC)
Others
National Housing Board (NHB) (est. 1951)
Construction Housing Development Bank (CHDB)
(est. 2013)
17
2. Housing Issue in Yangon
20
Source: SUDP, JICA 2013
2. Housing Issue in Yangon
21
2. Housing Issue in Yangon
Relocation issue
- Registration
- Compensation
Ownership Issue
- sub-letting
Purchase of private land
- land price evaluation http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-
news/yangon/19000-unofficial-hlaing-tharyar-renters-
fear-looming-eviction.html
2. Housing Issue in Yangon
Finance Issue
- Insufficient Housing Loan scheme
Establishment of Construction Housing
Development Bank (CHDB)
Fixed interest rate: 12%
Down payment: 30%
Interest rate: 12%
Repayment: 8 years
Default period: 4 month
- under experienced capability of examination
24
3. Housing Issue to be addressed
25
4. Recent Development Case
Urban Development and Management
For effective land use, there is a need to allow a special incentive in land
use, namely higher building height limit, only when a development
activity satisfies all required conditions under the building application
/permission procedure by YCDC.
Conditions f0r approval
recommendable to allow
a special incentive
may include
open space
parking lots
setback
4. Recent Development Case
Compensation Compensation
Number of
(Temporary (Relocation)
Units
House)
Introduction of Zoning
System
5. Various Aspects of Yangon’s Townscape
Administrative buildings Religious buildings Ethnic area
Colonial style buildings Buddhism, Christianity, Moslem, etc. China town, Indian town etc.
Source:DHSHD
Contacts:
Shigehiko Sugita
E-mail:sugita.shigehiko@jica.go.jp