Professional Documents
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MATERIALS
Chapter 1
General Introduction
• Statics
• Dynamics
• Strength of Materials
Statics & Dynamics
Study of the external effects of forces on rigid bodies.
Deformation of bodies can be neglected.
Example
Example
Engineering Parts
• strength
• small deflections due to imposed loads while in operation
• slender members should not buckle
1.1 Main Objectives of Strength of Materials
Equations of Equilibrium
F 0
Vector
M 0
Fx 0 M x 0
Scalar Fy 0 M y 0
Fz 0 M z 0
Mechanics:
Statics Dynamics
Other Names
1. Strength of Materials
2. Mechanics of Materials
3. Introduction to Solid Mechanics
4. Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Deformable Bodies
Depends on
equilibrium (statics)
materials selection
(e.g. wood, steel, concrete, aluminum)
geometry
Fundamental Concepts
• Force Equilibrium
• Force - Deformation Behavior of
Materials
• Geometry of Deformation
Fundamental Concepts
• Force Equilibrium
• Force –Temperature - Deformation
Behavior of Materials
• Geometry of Deformation
Deformable Body
deformations
Look at the Diving Board
L1 L2
A
W
h
M
c
B
Statics
• Reaction at A
• Reaction at B
Other Types of Questions
1. What weight W would break the board?
2. What is the relationship between dc and W?
3. Would a tapered board be “better” than a
constant thickness board?
4. Would an aluminum board be preferable to a
fiberglass or a wooden board?
Answers
1. Requires us to consider the diving board as a
deformable body
2. Need to consider not only reaction forces but
localized effects of forces (i.e. stress distribution
and strain distribution)
3. Need to consider material behavior (stress-
strain behavior)
Analysis and Design
• Strength Problems
• Stiffness Problems
Strength Problems
1. Consistent units.
2. Significant digits.
3. Identify answers.
Review the Solution
1. Dimensionally correct
2. Reasonable values.
3. Correct algebraic sign.
4. Consistent with assumptions.
5. Presentation neat and orderly.
6. What point did the problem illustrate?
Review of Statics
Equations of Equilibrium
F 0
Vector
M 0
Fx 0 M x 0
Scalar Fy 0 M y 0
Fz 0 M z 0
Free Body Diagrams
1. Determine the extent of the body to be included.
2. Completely isolate the body from supports and
other attached bodies.
3. If internal resultants are desired, pass a
sectioning plane through the member at the
appropriate location.
4. Sketch the outline of the resulting Free Body.
Free Body Diagrams
5. Indicate on the sketch all externally applied
loads.
6. Clearly indicate the location, magnitude and
direction of each load.
Free Body Diagrams
7. At supports, connections and section cuts,
show unknown forces and couples.
8. Assign a symbol to each unknown.
9. Use sign convention to assign positive
sense to unknowns or assign it arbitrarily.
10. Label significant points and dimensions.
11. Show reference axes.
Free Body Diagram of Diving Board
L1 L2
A
W
M h
B
Identify the object
Isolate and sketch.
Show all forces including reactions.
External Loads
1. Concentrated Loads
Point Forces (F)
Couples (F - L)
2. Line Loads (F/L)
3. Surface Loads (F/L2)
4. Body Forces (F/L3)
External Loads
SUPPORT TYPES
Internal Resultants
y
Axial Force
Fx
x
z
Internal Resultants
y
Shear Forces
Vy x
Fx
x
Vz x
z
Internal Resultants
y
Vy x
Fx
x
Tx
Vz x Torque or
z Twisting Moment
Internal Resultants
Torsion
Internal Resultants
y
Bending Moments
Vy x
M y x
Fx
x
Tx
M z x Vz x
z
Internal Resultants
Bending Moment
Internal Resultants
y
Vy x
M y x
Fx
x
Tx
M z x Vz x
z