Math Chapter 8

Application of Integrals
 Chapter 8: Application of Integrals
Area between two curves

CASE – 1:

For finding the Area bounded by the curve y = f(x), x-axis and the lines x = a, x = b let us
consider a very thin vertical strip of length y and width dx. Therefore, Area of the strip (dA) = y
dx [Since, y = f(x)]

Hence the total Area enclosed by the curve y = f(x), x- axis and the lines x = a, x = b:

A=∫badA=∫baydx
Therefore, A = ∫baf(x)dx

CASE – 2:
Similarly the Area bounded by the curve x = g(y), y-axis and the lines y = c, y = d is given by:

A=∫dcdA=∫dcxdy
Therefore, A = ∫dcg(y)dy

CASE – 3:
If the curve lies below x-axis, then the Area bounded by the curve y = f(x), x-axis and the
lines x = a, x = b will come negative.

Since, the area cannot be negative therefore we will neglect the negative sign and considering
its absolute value only.

A=∣∣∫baf(x)dx∣∣

CASE – 4:
As shown above, some portion of the curve lies above the x-axis and some portion of the curve
lies below the x-axis.

Here in this case, Area-1 > 0 and Area-2 < 0

Therefore, total Area bounded by the curve y= f(x), x-axis and the lines x=a, x=b is given
by: A = |A|+B

NOTE:
∫a2−x2−−−−−−−√dx=x2a2−x2−−−−−−−√+a22sin−1xa

Example 1: Find the area enclosed by equation: x2 + y2 = 9

Sol:

Equation x2 + y2 = 32 represents the circle with centre (0,0) and radius 3 units.

Therefore, y = 32−x2−−−−−−√
From the figure, the Area enclosed by the circle = 4 × (Area enclosed by the curve ABOA)

Now, Area enclosed by the curve ABOA:

⇒ ∫30ydx=∫309−x2−−−−−√dx
Since, ∫a2−x2−−−−−−√dx=x2a2−x2−−−−−−√+a22sin−1xa
⇒ ∫3032−x2−−−−−−−√dx=∣∣x29−x2−−−−−−√+92sin−1x3∣∣30
⇒ 329−9−−−−−√+92sin−1(1)–029−0−−−−−√−02sin−103
⇒ 92×π2=9π4 unit2
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the circle = 4 × (area enclosed by curve ABOA)

⇒ 4×9π4=9π
Hence the Area enclosed by the circle = 9π unit2

Example 2: Find the area enclosed by the curve x29+y24=1

Sol:
Equation x29+y24=1 represents an ellipse with major axis = 3 units and minor axis = 2 units

Since, x29+y24=1
⇒ 4x2 + 9y2 = 36
⇒ 9y2 = 62 – (2x)2
Therefore, y=62−(2x)29−−−−−−√
Therefore, the Area of region enclosed by the ellipse = 4 × (Area enclosed by the curve
ABOA)

Now, Area enclosed by the curve ABOA = ∫30ydx

Since, ∫a2−x2−−−−−−√dx=x2a2−x2−−−−−−√+a22sin−1xa
⇒ 13×∫3062−(2x)2−−−−−−−−−√
⇒ 13∫302x262−(2x)2−−−−−−−−−√+362sin−12x6
⇒ 13∣∣2x262−(2x)2−−−−−−−−−√+362sin−12x6∣∣30
⇒ 13[6236−36−−−−−−−√+18sin−1(1)]=3π
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve ABOA = 3π unit2

Hence, the total Area enclosed by an ellipse ABA’B’ = 4×3π = 12π unit2.
 Area of region bounded by the curve and line:

Example 3: Find the area of the region enclosed by the curve y = x2 and the line y = 3.

Sol:

y = x2 represents a parabola, symmetrical about y-axis as shown in the above figure. By

substituting y =9 in equation of parabola y = x2 we will get coordinates of point M.

i.e. x2 = 9

Therefore, x = +3 or -3

Hence the coordinates of point M = (3, 9)

The area of the region bounded by the curve y = x2 and the line y = 9 is the area enclosed by
curve POMP.

Now, Area of region POMP = 2(area of region AOMA)

Since, x2 = y
Therefore, x = y√
Thus, the Area of region bounded by the curve AOMA:

⇒ ∫90xdy = ∫90y√dy
⇒ ∣∣23×(y)32∣∣90=23×(932)
⇒ 23×27=18unit2
Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve AOMA = 18 unit2

Hence, the Area of region bounded by the curve POMP = 2 × (area of region bounded by
curve AOMA) = 36 unit2

Example 4: Find the area enclosed by the curve x2 + y2 = 50, x-axis and the line y = x in the
1stquadrant.

Sol:

Equation x2 + y2 = 50 represents a circle with radius 50−−√ units.

Since y = x

Therefore x2 + x2 = 50 [for points of intersection of both the curves]

Hence, x = +5 and -5

Similarly, y = +5 and -5

Thus the coordinates of point B are (5, 5)

Form the figure, the area of region bounded by the curve x2 + y2 = 50, x = y and x – axis in the
1stquadrant is the Area enclosed by the curve OMABO.

i.e. Area of triangle OMB + Area under the curve MBAM.

Now, the Area of triangle = 12×Base×Altitude

⇒ 12×OM×BM=12×5×5=252 unit2.
Now, the Area under the curve MBAM = ∫52√5ydx
Since, x2 +y2 = 50. Therefore, y2 = 50 – x2

⇒ y=50−x2−−−−−−−√
Therefore, the Area under curve MBAM [x2 + y2 = 50]:

Since, ∫a2−x2−−−−−−√dx=x2a2−x2−−−−−−√+a22sin−1xa
⇒ ∫52√550−x2−−−−−−−√dx=∣∣x250−x2−−−−−−−√+502sin−1x52√∣∣52√5
⇒ [52√2× 50−50−−−−−−−√]+[502sin−1(1)]−[52×50−25−−−−−−−√]−[502×sin−112√
]
⇒ 0+25π2−252−25π4=254(π−2)unit2
Therefore, the Area under the curve MBAM = 254(π−2) unit2
Now, the total Area under the shaded region = Area of triangle OMB + Area under the
curve MBAM

⇒ 252+254(π−2)=252+25π4−252=25π4unit2
Hence, the Area of shaded region OMABO = 25π4unit2

Exercise 8.1

Q.1: Find the area enclosed by the curve y = x2 and the lines y = 2, y = 4 and the y-axis.

Sol:

Equation y = x2 represents a parabola symmetrical about y-axis.

The Area of the region bounded by the curve y = x2, y = 2, and y = 4, is the Area enclosed by the
curve AA’B’BA.

Now, the Area of region AA’B’BA = 2 (Area of region ABNMA)

Since, x2 = y
Therefore, x = y√
Thus, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABNMA [y = x2]:

⇒ ∫42xdy = ∫42y√dy
⇒ ∣∣23×(y)32∣∣42=23×[(432)−(2)32]
⇒ 23×(8−22−−√)=43(4−2−−√) unit2
Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABNMA = 43(4−2−−√)unit2
Hence, the Area of region bounded by the curve AA’B’BA = 2(Area of region bounded by
the curve ABNMA)= 83(4−2−−√)unit2

Q.2: Find the area enclosed by the curve y2 = 4x and lines x = 1, x = 3 and the x- axis in the
first quadrant.

Sol:

Equation y2 = 4x represents a parabola, symmetrical about the x-axis as shown in the above
figure.
The area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = 4x, x = 1, x = 3 and the x-axis is the area
enclosed by the curve ABCDA.

Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABCDA:

Since, y2 = 4x

Therefore, y = 2x−−√
Hence, the area of region bounded by the curve ABCDA [y2 = 4x]:

⇒ ∫31ydx = ∫312x−−√dx
⇒ ∣∣2×23×(x)32∣∣31=43×[(332)−(1)]
⇒ 43×(33−−√−1)=−4+123√3 unit2
Therefore, the area of region bounded by the curve ABCDA =−4+123√3unit2

Q.3: Find the value of k if the line x = k divides the area enclosed by the curve y2 = 9x and
the line x = 4 in to two equal parts.

Sol:
Equation y2 = 9x represents a parabola, symmetrical about the x-axis as shown in the above
figure.

Since, the line x = k divides the Area OCBB’O in to two equal halves and the curve is
symmetrical to x-axis. Therefore, Area of the region OADO = Area of the region ABCDA.

The Area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = 9x and the line x = k is the Area of region
enclosed by the curve OADO.

Since, y2 = 9x

Therefore, y = 3x−−√
Hence, the Area of region bounded by the curve OADO:

⇒ ∫k0ydx = ∫k03x−−√dx
⇒ ∣∣3×23×(x)32∣∣31=2×[(k32)−(0)]
⇒ 2k32unit2
Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve OADO = 2k32unit2
The Area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = 9x and the lines x = k and x = 4 is the Area
under the curve ABCDA
Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABCDA [y2 = 9x]:

⇒ ∫4kydx = ∫4k3x−−√dx
⇒ ∣∣3×23×(x)32∣∣4k=2×[(432)−(k)32]
⇒ (16−2k32) unit2
Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABCDA = ⇒(16−2k32) unit2
Since, the Area of region OADO = Area of region ABCDA [GIVEN]

⇒ (16−2k32)=2k32
⇒ k32=4
⇒ k=423
Therefore, the value of k = 423

Q.4: Find the area enclosed by the curve y2 = 16x, y-axis and the line y = 2.

Sol:
Equation y2 = 16x represents a parabola, symmetrical about the x-axis as shown in the above
figure.

The Area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = 16x, y = 2 and the y-axis is the Area of region
enclosed by the curve OABO.

Now, the Area of region enclosed by the curve OABO:

Since, y2 = 16x

Therefore, x = y216
Thus, the Area of region bounded by the curve OABO:

⇒ ∫20xdy = ∫20y216dy
⇒ ∣∣116×y33∣∣20=116×[83−0]
⇒ 16 unit2
Therefore, Area of region bounded by the curve OABO =16unit2

Q.5: Find the area enclosed by the curve y2 = 25x and the line x = 3

Sol:
Equation y2 = 25x represents a parabola, symmetrical about x-axis as shown in the above
figure.

The area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = 25x and x = 3 is the Area enclosed by the
curve BOCAB.

Now, the Area of region BOCAB = 2(Area of region OABO)

Since, y2 = 25x

Therefore, y = 5x−−√
Hence, the Area of region bounded by the curve OABO:

⇒ ∫30ydx = ∫305x−−√dx
⇒ ∣∣5×23×(x)32∣∣30=103×[(332)−(0)]
⇒ 103×(33−−√)=103−−√unit2
Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve OABO=103−−√ unit2
Now, the Area of region BOCAB = 2 × (Area of region OABO) =203−−√ unit2
Q.6: Find the area enclosed by the curve x2 = 8y, y = 1, y = 9 and the y-axis in the first
quadrant.

Sol:

Equation x2 = 8y represents a parabola, symmetrical about the y-axis as shown in the above
figure.

The area of the region bounded by the curve x2 = 8y, y = 1, y = 9 and the first quadrant is the
area enclosed by the curve ABDCA.

Now, the Area of the region ABDCA:

Since, x2 = 8y

Therefore, x = 22y−−√
Hence, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABDCA:

⇒ ∫91xdy = ∫9122y−−√dy
⇒ ∣∣22−−√×23×(y)32∣∣91=42√3×[(932)−(1)]
⇒ 42√3×(27−1)=104×2√3 unit2
Therefore, Area of region bounded by the curve ABDCA =104×2√3unit2
Q.7: Find the area bounded by the curve whose equation is x2 = 9y and the line x = 6y – 3.

Sol:

Equation x2 = 9y represents a parabola, symmetrical about the y-axis as shown in the above
figure.

The Area of the region bounded by parabola x2 = 9y and the line x =6y – 3 is the Area enclosed
under the curve ABC0A.

Since, the parabola x2 = 9y and the line x = 6y – 3 intersect each other at points A and C, hence
the coordinates of points A and C are given by:

(6y-3)2 = 9y

⇒ 36y2 – 45y + 9 = 0
By Hit and Trial method solutions of this quadratic equation are:
y = 1 and y = 14
Hence, the co-ordinates of point A and point C are (3,1) and (−32,14) respectively
Since, x2 = 9y

Therefore, x = 3y√
The Area of region bounded by the curve ABCOA = [Area of region OBCbO – Area of
region OCbO] + [Area of region ABOaA – Area of region OAaO]

The Area enclosed by the curve OBCbO:

⇒ ∫30ydx=∫30x+36dx
⇒ 16∣∣x22+3x∣∣30
⇒ 16(92+9)=94 unit2
The Area enclosed by the curve ABOaA:

⇒ ∫0−32ydx=∫0−32x+36dx
⇒ 16∣∣x22+3x∣∣0−32
⇒ 16(0−98+92)=916 unit2
The Area enclosed by the curve OAaO:

⇒ ∫0−32ydx=∫0−32x29dx
⇒ 19∣∣x33∣∣0−32
⇒ 127(0−−278)=18unit2
The Area enclosed by the curve OCbO:

⇒ ∫30ydx=∫30x29dx
⇒ 19∣∣x33∣∣30
⇒ 19(273−0)=1 unit2
Since, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABCOA = [Area of region OBCbO – Area
of region OCbO] + [Area of region ABOaA – Area of region OAaO]

⇒ [94−1]+[916−18]=2716
Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABCOA =2716 unit2

Q.8: Find the area enclosed by the curve 4y = x2 and y = |x|

Sol:
Equation x2 = 4y represents a parabola, symmetrical about the y-axis as shown in the above
figure.

The area of the region bounded by the curve x2 = 4y and y = |x| is 2(OAEO) i.e. (area OCFO+
area OAEO)

Now, Area of region OAEO = OABO – OEABO

Since, x2 = 4y

⇒ y=x24
Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve OEABO:

⇒ ∫40ydx=∫40x24dx
⇒ 14∣∣x33∣∣40=163 unit2
Therefore, the area of region bounded by the curve OEABO = =163 unit2
Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve OABO:

⇒ ∫40ydx⇒∫40xdx
⇒ ∣∣x22∣∣40=8 unit2
Therefore, the Area of the region bounded by the curve OABO = 8 unit2
Now, Area of region OAEO = Area of region (OABO – OEABO)

⇒ 8−163 = 83 unit2
Therefore, the total Area of shaded region = 2×83 = 163unit2

Q.9: Find the area enclosed by the curve x24+y29=1

Sol:

Equation x24+y29=1 represents an ellipse.

Since, x24+y29=1
⇒ y29=1−x24
⇒ y=324−x2−−−−−√
Therefore, the Area of region enclosed by the ellipse = 4 × (Area enclosed by the curve ABOA)

Now, the Area enclosed by the curve ABOA:

⇒ ∫20ydx=32×∫2022−(x)2−−−−−−−−√dx
Since, ∫a2−x2−−−−−−√dx=x2a2−x2−−−−−−√+a22sin−1xa
⇒ 32[x222−(x)2−−−−−−−−√+42sin−1x2]20
⇒ 32[224−4−−−−−√+2sin−1(1)−0]=3π2 unit2
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve ABOA =3π2 unit2
Hence, the total Area enclosed by the ellipse ABA’B’ = 4 × 3π2 unit2
= 6π unit2

Q.10: Find the area enclosed by the curve x2 + y2 = 9, line x = 22–√y and the first quadrant.

Sol:
Equation x2 + y2 = 9 represents a circle with radius equal to 3units.

Since, x = 22–√y
Therefore (22–√y)2 + y2 = 9 (for points of intersection of both the curves)
Hence, the coordinates of point B = (22–√y,1)
Now, the area of region bounded by the curve x2 + y2 = 9, x = 22–√y, and the first quadrant is
the area enclosed by the curve OMABO.
i.e. Area of triangle OMB + Area under the curve MBAM.

Now, the Area of triangle = 12×Base×Altitude

⇒ 12×OM×BM=12×22–√y×1=2–√yunit2
Now, the Area under the curve MBAM:

⇒ ∫322√ydx
Since, x2 +y2 =9

Therefore, y2 = 9 – x2
⇒ y=9−x2−−−−−−√
Since, ∫a2−x2−−−−−−√dx=x2a2−x2−−−−−−√+a22sin−1xa
⇒ ∫322√32−x2−−−−−−−√dx=∣∣x29−x2−−−−−−√+92sin−1x3∣∣322√
⇒ [32× 9−9−−−−−√]+[92sin−1(1)]−[22√2×9−8−−−−−√]−[92×sin−122√3]
⇒ 9π4−2−−√−[92×sin−122√3] unit2
Therefore, the Area under the curve MBAM:

= 9π4−2−−√−[92×sin−122√3]unit2
Now, total Area under the shaded region = Area under the curve MBAM + Area of the
triangle OMB

⇒ 9π4−2−−√−[92×sin−122√3]+2−−√
⇒ 9π4−[92×sin−122√3] unit2
Hence, the required Area is given by the region OMABO:

=9π4−[92×sin−122√3]unit2

Q.11: Find the area of larger part of circle x2 + y2 = 16 cut off by the line x = 42√ in the first
quadrant.

Sol:
Equation x2 + y2 = 16 represents a circle with radius = 4 units.

For coordinates of point B:

⇒ (42√)2+y2=16
⇒ 8 + y2 = 16
⇒ y = 22–√
Hence, the coordinates of point B are: (42√,22−−√)
The required Area is given by the curve OMBCO:

⇒ ∫22√0ydx=∫22√016−x2−−−−−−−√dx
Since, ∫a2−x2−−−−−−√dx=x2a2−x2−−−−−−√+a22sin−1xa
⇒ ∣∣x216−x2−−−−−−−√+162sin−1x4∣∣22√0
⇒ [22√216−8−−−−−−√+8sin−112√]−0
⇒ 2−−√×22−−√+8×π4=[4+2π] unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region OMBCO = [4 + 2π]unit2

Let us assume two curves represented by the equation y = f(x) and y = g(x) in [a, b] as shown in
the above figure. In this case the height of an elementary strip will be [f(x) – g(x)] and its width
will be dx.

Now, Area of the elementary strip (dA) = [f(x) – g(x)] dx

Hence, the total Area of shaded region (A) = ∫ba[f(x)−g(x)]dx

Example – 1: Find the area enclosed between two curves whose equations are: x2 = 4y and
y2 = 4x.

Sol:

The Equation x2 = 4y represents a parabola symmetrical about y-axis and the equation y2 =
4x represents a parabola symmetrical about x-axis.

On solving both the equations:

⇒ (y24)2=4y
⇒ y3 = 64 i.e. y = 4
Which gives x = 4. Hence, the coordinates of point N are (4, 4).
Now, The Area of region enclosed by the curve NAOBN = Area of region enclosed by the
curve OANMO – Area of region enclosed by the curve OBNMO.

⇒ ∫402x−−√dx−∫40x24dx
⇒ [2×23×x32]40−[x312]40
⇒ [43×(4)32−0]−[6412−0]=163 unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region = 163 unit2

EXAMPLE – 2: Find the area enclosed by the sides of a triangle whose vertices have
coordinates (1, 0) (3, 5) and (5, 4).

Sol:

Form the above figure:

Let, A (1, 0), B (3, 5) and C (5, 4) be the vertices of triangle ABC.

Now, the equation of line AB:

Since, (y−y1)=(x−x1)×[y2−y1x2−x1]
⇒ (y−0)=(x−1)×[5−03−1]
⇒ 2y = 5x – 5
⇒ y=5x−52
The Equation of line BC:

Since, (y−y1)=(x−x1)×[y2−y1x2−x1]
⇒ (y−5)=(x−3)×[4−55−3]
⇒ 2y – 10 = 3 – x
⇒ y=13−x2
The Equation of line AC:

Since, (y−y1)=(x−x1)×[y2−y1x2−x1]
⇒ (y−0)=(x−1)×[4−05−1]
⇒ 4y = 4x – 4
⇒ y=x–1
Now, the Area of triangle ABC = Area under the curve ABMA + Area under the curve MBCN
– Area under the curve ACNA.

The Area under the curve ABMA [2y = 5x – 5]:

⇒ ∫31ydx=∫315x−52dx
⇒ [5x24−5x2]31
⇒ 454−152−54+52=5 unit2
Therefore, Area under the curve ABMA = 5 unit2

The Area under the curve MBCN [2y = 13 – x]:

⇒ ∫53ydx=∫5313−x2dx
⇒ [13x2−x24]53
⇒ 652−254−392+94=9 unit2
Therefore, Area under curve MBCN = 9 unit2

The Area under the curve ACNA [y = x – 1]:

⇒ ∫51ydx=∫51(x−1)dx
⇒ [x22−x]51
⇒ 252−5−12+1=8 unit2
Therefore, Area under the curve ACNA = 8 unit2

Now, Area of triangle ABC = Area under curve ABMA + Area under curve MBCN –
Area under curve ACNA.

Therefore, the Area of triangle ABC = 5 + 9 – 8 = 6 unit2

Exercise – 8.2

Q.1: Find the area lying above the x-axis enclosed between two curves whose equations are
given as: x2 + y2 = 6x and y2 = 3x.

Sol:
The Equation y2 = 3x represents a parabola symmetrical about x-axis.

The Equation x2 + y2 = 6x i.e. (x – 3)2 + y2 = 9 represents a circle with centre (3,

0) and radius 3units.

Substituting the equation of parabola in equation of circle:

(x – 3)2 + 3x = 9 ⇒ x2 + 9 – 6x + 3x = 9
⇒ x2 – 3x = 0 i.e. x = 0 or x = 3 which gives y = 0 and y = ± 3
Therefore, the coordinates of point A above the x-axis are (3, 3)

Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve OQABO = Area of region bounded by the
curve OQAMO + Area of region bounded by the curve ABMA

The Area of region bounded by the curve OQAMO [y2 = 3x]:

⇒ ∫30ydx=∫303x−−−√dx
⇒ 3−−√×[2x323]30=3−−√×23×332
⇒ 3−−√×23×33−−√=6 unit2
Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve OQAMO = 6 unit2

Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABMA [(x – 3)2 + y2 = 9)]:

⇒ ∫63ydx=∫639−(x−3)2−−−−−−−−−−−√dx
Since, ∫a2−(x−b)2−−−−−−−−−−√dx=x−b2a2−(x−b)2−−−−−−−−−−√+a22sin−1x−ba
⇒ [x−32(3)2−(x−3)2−−−−−−−−−−−−−√+92sin−1x−33]63
⇒[6−329−(6−3)2−−−−−−−−−−√+92sin−16−33]−[x−329−(3−3)2−−−−−−−−−−√+92si
n−13−33]
⇒ [0+92×sin−11−0]=92×π2
⇒ 9π4 unit2
Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABMA =9π4 unit2
The Area of region bounded by the curve OQABO = Area of region bounded by the curve
OQAMO + Area of region bounded by the curve ABMA

⇒ 6+9π4=24+9π4 unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region (OQABO)=24+9π4 unit2

Q.2: Find the area enclosed between two curves: 9x2 + 9y2 = 4 and (x – 23)2 + y2 = 49

Sol:
Equation 9x2 + 9y2 = 4 . . . . . . . (1), represents a circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 3 units.

Equation (x – 23 )2 + y2 = 49 . . . . . . . . . . .(2), represents a circle with centre (3, 0) and radius 3

units.
On solving equation (1) and equation (2), we will get:

⇒ (x−23)2+4−9x29=49
⇒ x2+49−4x3+49−x2=49
⇒ 49=43x
⇒ x=13 which gives y=±13√
Therefore, the coordinates of points M and N are: (x=13)(y=±13√)
Now, the Area enclosed by region BMONB = 2 × [Area enclosed by the curve BMOB].

And the Area enclosed by the curve BMOB = Area of region enclosed by the
curve (MOPM+MPBM).

Now, the Area of region enclosed by the curve MPBM [9x2 + 9y2 = 4]:
⇒ ∫2313ydx=∫231349−x2−−−−−−√dx
Since, ∫a2−x2−−−−−−√dx=x2a2−x2−−−−−−√+a22sin−1xa
⇒ [x2(23)2−x2−−−−−−−−−√+42×9sin−13x2]2313
⇒ [13×49−49−−−−−√+29sin−1(1)]−[16×49−19−−−−−√+29sin−112]
⇒ [0+29×π2]−[16×13√+29×π6]=[2π27−163√] unit2
Therefore, area of region enclosed by the curve MPBM =[2π27−163√] unit2
Now, the Area of region enclosed by the curve MOPM [(x−23)2+y2=49] :
⇒ ∫130ydx=∫130(23)2−(x−23)2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√dx
Since, ∫a2−(x−b)2−−−−−−−−−−√dx=x−b2a2−(x−b)2−−−−−−−−−−√+a22sin−1x−ba
⇒ [x−232(23)2−(x−23)2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√+29sin−1x−2323]130
⇒ [13−23249−(13−23)2−−−−−−−−−−−−√+29sin−113−2323]−[0−23249−(0−23)2−−−−−−−−
−−−√+29sin−10−2323]
⇒ [−16×49−19−−−−−√+29×sin−1−12]−[−13×49−49−−−−−√+29×sin−1(−1)]
⇒ [−163√+29×−π6]−[29×−π2]=[2π27−163√] unit2
Therefore, the Area of region enclosed by the curve MOPM =[2π27−163√] unit2
Now, the Area enclosed by the curve BMOB = Area of region enclosed by the
curve (MOPM+MPBM)

⇒ [2π27−163√]+[2π27−163√]
⇒ [4π27−133√] unit2
Now, the Area enclosed by the curve BMONB = 2 [Area enclosed by the
curve BMOB] =2×[4π27−133√] unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region = [8π27−233√] unit2

Q.3: Find the area lying above the x-axis enclosed between two curves whose equations are
given as: 4x2 + 4y2 = 9 and x2 = 4y.

Sol:
The Equation x2 = 4y represents a parabola symmetrical about y-axis.

The Equation 4x2 + 4y2 = 9 i.e. x2 + y2 = 32 represents a circle with centre (0,
0) and radius 32 units.
Now, on substituting the equation of parabola in the equation of circle we will get:

4(4y) + 4y2 =9 i.e. 4y2 + 16y – 9 = 0

From the above quadratic equation: a = 4, b = 16 and c = -9

Substituting the values of a, b and c in quadratic formula:

⇒ y=−16+(16)2−4(4×−9)√2×4andy=−16−(16)2−4(4×−9)√2×4
⇒ y=−16+256+144√8andy=−16−256+144√8
⇒ y=−16+400√8andy=−16−400√8
⇒ y=−16+208andy=−16−208
⇒ y=12andy=−92
Which gives x = ±2–√ [Neglecting y = −92 as it gives absurd results]
Therefore, the coordinates of point B are (2–√,12)
Now, Area of region bounded by the curve ODCBO = 2 × (Area of region bounded by the
curve OBCO)

Now, Area of region bounded by curve OBCO = (Area of region bounded by the
curve OCBMO + Area of region bounded by the curve OBMO)

Area of region bounded by the curve OCBMO [4x 2 + 4y2 = 9]:

⇒ ∫2√0ydx=∫2√0(32)2−x2−−−−−−−−−√dx
Since, ∫a2−b2−−−−−−√dx=x2a2−x2−−−−−−√+a22sin−1xa
⇒ [x294−x2−−−−−−√+92×4sin−12×x3]2√0
⇒ [2√4×94−2−−−−−√+98sin−122√3]−0
⇒ [2−−√×14+98sin−122√3] unit2
Therefore, Area of region bounded by the curve ABMA = [2–√×14+98sin−122√3] unit2
Area of region bounded by the curve OBMO [x2 = 4y]:

⇒ ∫2√0ydx=∫2√0x24dx
⇒ [x312]2√0=22√12−0
⇒ 132√ unit2
Therefore, the area of region bounded by the curve OBMO = 132√ unit2
Now, the Area of region bounded by curve OBCO = [Area of region bounded by the curve
OCBMO – Area of region bounded by the curve OBMO]

⇒ [2–√×14+98sin−122√3]−132√
⇒ [2√12+98sin−122√3] unit2
Therefore, Area of region bounded by the curve OBCO = [2√12+98sin−122√3] unit2
Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve ODCBO = 2 × [Area of region bounded by
the curve OBCO]

⇒ 2×[2√12+98sin−122√3]
Therefore, the Area of shaded region = [122√+94sin−122√3] unit2

Q.4: Find the area enclosed by the sides of a triangle whose vertices have coordinates (-2, 0)
(3, 4) and (5, 2).
Sol:

Form the above figure:

Let, A (1, 0), B (3, 5) and C (5, 4) be the vertices of triangle ABC
Now, the equation of line AB:

Since, (y−y1)=(x−x1)×[y2−y1x2−x1]
⇒ (y−0)=(x+2)×[4−03+2]
⇒ 5y = 4x + 8
⇒ y=4x+85
The Equation of line BC:

Since, (y−y1)=(x−x1)×[y2−y1x2−x1]
⇒ (y−4)=(x−3)×[2−45−3]
⇒ 2y – 8 = 6 – 2x
⇒ y=7–x
The Equation of line AC:

Since, (y−y1)=(x−x1)×[y2−y1x2−x1]
⇒ (y−0)=(x+2)×[2−05+2]
⇒ 7y = 2x + 4
⇒ y=2x+47
Now, the Area of triangle ABC = Area under the curve ABMA + Area under the curve
MBCN – Area under the curve ACNA.

The Area under the curve ABMA:

⇒ ∫3−2ydx=∫3−24x+85dx = [4x210+8x5]3−2
⇒ 3610+245−1610−−165=10 unit2
Therefore, the Area under the curve ABMA = 10 unit2

The Area under the curve MBCN:

⇒ ∫53ydx=∫53=(7−x)dx = [7x−x22]53
⇒ 35−252−21+92=6 unit2
Therefore, the Area under the curve MBCN = 6 unit2

The Area under the curve ACNA:

⇒ ∫5−2ydx=∫5−22x+47dx = [2x214+4x7]5−2
⇒ 257+207−47−−87=7 unit2
Therefore, the Area under the curve ACNA = 7 unit2

Now, Area of triangle ABC = Area under curve ABMA + Area under curve MBCN – Area
under curve ACNA.

Therefore, the Area of triangle ABC = 10 + 6 – 7 = 9 unit2

Q.5: Find the area enclosed by the sides of a triangle whose equations are: y = 4x + 2, y = 3x
+ 2 and x = 5.

Sol:
From the above figure,

The Equation of side AC: y = 4x + 2 . . . . . . (1)

The Equation of side BC: y =3x + 2 . . . . . . (2)

And, x = 5 . . . . . . . . . . (3)

From equation (1) and equation (3):

y = 4(5) + 2 = 22 [Since, x = 5]

Therefore, the coordinates of point A are (5, 22).

From equation (2) and equation (3):

y = 3(5) + 2 = 17 [Since, x = 5]

Therefore, the coordinates of point B are (5, 17).

Now, substituting equation (1) in equation (2):

3x + 2 = 4x + 2 i.e. x = 0 and y = 2
Therefore, the coordinates of point C are (0, 2).

Now, the Area of triangle ABC = Area enclosed by the curve ACOMA – Area enclosed by the
curve COMBC.

The Area under the curve ACOMA [y = 4x + 2]:

⇒ ∫50ydx=∫50(4x+2)dx
⇒ [4x22+2x]50
⇒ 50+10−0=60 unit2
Therefore, the Area under the curve ABMA = 60 unit2.

The Area under the curve MBCN [y = 3x + 2]:

⇒ ∫50ydx=∫50(3x+2)dx
⇒ [3x22+2x]50
⇒ 752+10−0=47.5 unit2
Therefore, the Area under the curve MBCN = 47.5 unit2.

Now, the Area of triangle ABC = Area enclosed by the curve ACOMA – Area enclosed by
the curve COMBC

⇒ 60 – 47.5 = 12.5 unit2

Therefore, the Area of triangle ABC = 12.5 unit2

Q.6: Find the area enclosed by the curves y = x2 + 3, y = 2x, x = 2 and x =0.

Sol:
The Equation y = x2 + 3 represents a parabola symmetrical about y-axis.

On substituting equation of line x = 2 in the equation of parabola we will get

the coordinates of pointC i.e. (2, 7).

On substituting x = 2 in the equation of line y = 2x we will get the coordinates of point B i.e. (2,
4).

From the above figure,

The Area of region enclosed by the curve ODCBO = Area of region enclosed by the
curve ODCAO – Area of region enclosed by the curve OBAO

Now, the Area of region enclosed by the curve ODCAO [y = x2 + 3]:

⇒ ∫20ydx=∫20(x2+3)dx
⇒ [x33+3x]20=83+6=263unit2
Therefore, the Area of region enclosed by the curve ODCAO = 263 unit2
Now, the Area of region enclosed by the curve OBAO [y = 2x]:
⇒ ∫20ydx=∫20(2x)dx
⇒ [x2]20=4 unit2
Therefore, the Area of region enclosed by the curve OBAO = 4 unit2

Now, the Area of region enclosed by the curve ODCBO = Area of region enclosed by the curve
ODCAO – Area of region enclosed by the curve OBAO

⇒263−4=23 unit2
Therefore, The Area of shaded region (ODCBO) = 23unit2

Q.7: Find the area enclosed between the curve y2 = 6x and line y = 3x.

Sol:
Equation y2 = 6x represents a parabola, symmetrical about x-axis.

Now, substituting the Equation of line y = 3x in the equation of parabola:

(3x)2 = 6x ⇒x=23 which gives y = 2

Hence the coordinates of point A are (23,2)
The area of region enclosed by the curve OABO = Area enclosed by the curve OMABO –
Area enclosed by the curve OAMO

Now, the Area enclosed by the curve OMABO [y2 = 6x]:

Since, y2 = 6x

Therefore, y = 6x−−√
⇒ ∫230ydx=∫2306x−−−√dx
⇒ 6−−√[23×x32]230=6−−√×23×(23)32
⇒ 2−−√×3−−√×23×22−−√×133√=89 unit2
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve OMABO = 89 unit2
Now, the Area enclosed by the curve OAMO [y = 3x]:

⇒ ∫230ydx⇒∫2303xdx
⇒ 3[x22]230=32×(23)2 = 23 unit2
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve OAMO = 23 unit2
Now, the area of region enclosed by the curve OABO = Area enclosed by the curve
OMABO – Area enclosed by the curve OAMO

⇒ 89−23=29 unit2
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve OABO = 29 unit2
Miscellaneous Exercise

Q.1: Find the area enclosed by the curve whose equations are: y = 2x2, x = 2, x = 3 and x-
axis.

Sol:
The equation y = 2x2 represents a parabola symmetrical about y-axis.

Now, the Area of region enclosed by the curve ABCDA [y = 2x2]:

⇒ ∫32ydx=∫322x2dx
⇒ [2x33]32=[18−163]=383 unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region =383 unit2

Q.2: Find the area enclosed by the curve whose equations are: y = 5x4, x = 3, x = 7 and x-
axis.

Sol:
The equation y = 2x2 represents a quartic parabola symmetrical about y-axis.

Now, the Area of region enclosed by the curve ABCDA [y = 5x4]:

⇒ ∫73ydx=∫735x4dx
⇒ [5x55]73=[16807−243]=16564 unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region = 16807 unit2

Q.3: Find the area enclosed between the curve y2 = 3x and line y = 6x.

Sol:
Equation y2 = 3x represents a parabola, symmetrical about x-axis.

Now, substituting the Equation of line y = 6x in the equation of parabola:

(6x)2 = 3x ⇒x=112 which gives y = 12

Hence the coordinates of point A are (112,12)
The Area of region enclosed by the curve OABO = Area enclosed by the curve OMABO –
Area enclosed by the curve OAMO

Now, the Area enclosed by the curve, OMABO [y2 = 3x]:

Since, y2 = 3x

Therefore, y = 3x−−√
⇒ ∫1120ydx=∫11203x−−−√dx
⇒ 3−−√[23×x32]1120=3−−√×23×(112)32
⇒ 3−−√×23×1243√=136 unit2
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve OMABO = 136unit2
Now, the Area enclosed by the curve OAMO [y = 6x]:

⇒ AreaofΔOAM=12×Base×Altitude
⇒ 12×|OM|×|AM|=12×112×12
⇒ 148unit2
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve OAMO = 148unit2
Now, the area of region enclosed by the curve OABO = Area enclosed by the curve
OMABO – Area enclosed by the curve OAMO

⇒ 136−148=1144unit2
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve OABO = 1144unit2

Q.4 Find the area enclosed by the curve y = 2x2 and the lines y = 1, y = 3 and the y-axis.

Sol:
Equation y = 2x2 represents a parabola symmetrical about y-axis.

The Area of the region bounded by the curve y = 2x2, y = 1, and y = 3, is the Area enclosed by
the curve AA’B’BA.

Now, the Area of region AA’B’BA = 2 (Area of region ABNMA)

Since, 2x2 = y

Therefore, x = y2−−√
Thus, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABNMA [y = 2x2]:

⇒ ∫31xdy=∫31y2−−√dx
⇒ 12√×∣∣23×(y)32∣∣31=2√3×[(332)−(1)32]
⇒ 2√3×(33−−√−1)=2√3(33−−√−1)unit2
Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABNMA = 2√3(33–√−1)unit2
Hence, the Area of region bounded by the curve AA’B’BA = 2(Area of region bounded by
the curve ABNMA)=22√3(33–√−1)unit2
Q.5: Find the area enclosed between the curve y2 = 9ax and line y = mx.

Sol:

Equation y2 = 9ax represents a parabola, symmetrical about x-axis.

Now, substituting the Equation of line y = mx in the equation of parabola:

9ax = (mx)2 i.e x = 9am2 which gives y = 9am

Hence the co-ordinates of point A are (9am2,9am)
The Area of region enclosed by the curve OABO = Area enclosed by the curve OMABO –
Area enclosed by the curve OAMO

Now, the Area enclosed by the curve OMABO [y2 = 9ax]:

Since, y2 = 9ax

Therefore, y = 3ax−−√
⇒ ∫9am20ydx=∫9am203ax−−−√dx
⇒ 3a−−√[23×x32]9am20=3a−−√×23×(9am2)32
⇒ 2a−−√×27×aa−−√×1m3=54a2m3 unit2
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve OMABO =54a2m3 unit2
Now, the Area enclosed by the curve OAMO [y = mx]:

⇒ AreaofΔOAM=12×Base×Altitude
⇒ 12×|OM|×|AM|=12×9am2×9am
⇒ 81a22m3 unit2
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve OAMO =81a22m3 unit2
Now, the Area of region enclosed by the curve OABO = Area enclosed by the curve
OMABO – Area enclosed by the curve OAMO

i.e. 54a2m3−81a22m3=27a22m3 unit2

Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve OABO = 27a22m3unit2

Q.6: Find the area bounded by the curve whose equation is 3x2 = 4y and the line 2y – 12 =
3x.

Sol:
Equation 3x2 = 4y represents a parabola, symmetrical about the y-axis as shown in the above
figure.

The Area of the region bounded by parabola 3x2 = 4y and the line 2y -12 = 3x is
the Area enclosed under the curve ABC0A.

Since, the parabola 3x2 = 4y and the line 3x = 2y – 12 intersect each other at points A and C,
hence the coordinates of points A and C are given by:

Since, x=2y−123
⇒ 3(2y−123)2=4yi.e.(2y−12)2=12y
⇒ 4y2 +144 – 48y – 12 y = 0
⇒ y2 – 15y + 36 = 0
By splitting the middle term Method solutions of this quadratic equation are:

y2 – (12+3)y + 36 = 0 ⇒ y(y – 12) –3(y – 12) = 0

⇒ (y – 3) (y – 12) = 0
Therefore, y = 12 and y = 3 which gives x = 4 and x = -2 respectively.

Hence, the co-ordinates of point A and point C are (-2, 3) and (4, 12) respectively.

Since, 3x2 = 4y

Therefore, y = 3x24
The Area of region bounded by the curve ABCOA = [Area of region aACba] – [Area of
region OCbO + Area of region OAaO ]

The Area enclosed by the curve aACBa [2y – 12 = 3x]:

⇒ ∫4−2ydx⇒∫4−23x+122dx
⇒ 12∣∣3x22+12x∣∣4−2
⇒ 12[24+48−6−(−24)]=45 unit2
The Area enclosed by the curve OAaO [3x2 = 4y]:

⇒ ∫0−2ydx⇒∫0−23x24dx
⇒ 34∣∣x33∣∣0−2
⇒ ∣∣34(0−−83)∣∣=2 unit2
The Area enclosed by the curve OCbO [3x2 = 4y]:

⇒ ∫40ydx⇒∫403x24dx
⇒ 34∣∣x33∣∣40
⇒ ∣∣34(643−0)∣∣=16 unit2
Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABCOA = [ Area of region aACba ] – [ Area
of region OCbO + Area of region OAaO ]

⇒ 45 – [2 + 16] = 27 unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region ABCOA = 27 unit2

Q.7: Find the area enclosed by the curves {(x , y) : 6y ≥ x2 and y = |x|}

Sol:
Equation x2 = 6y represents a parabola, symmetrical about the y-axis as shown in the above
figure.

The Area of the region bounded by the curve x2 = 6y and y = |x| is 2(OAEO) i.e. (area OCFO+
area OAEO)

Now, Area of region OAEO = OABO – OEABO

Since, x2 = 6y

Therefore, y=x26
Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve OEABO:

⇒ ∫60ydx⇒∫60x26dx
⇒ 16∣∣x33∣∣60=12 unit2
Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve OEABO = 12 unit2

Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve OABO:

⇒ ∫60ydx⇒∫60xdx
⇒ ∣∣x22∣∣60=18 unit2
Therefore, the Area of the region bounded by the curve OABO = 18 unit2

Now, Area of region OAEO = Area of region (OABO – OEABO)

⇒ 18 – 12 = 6 unit2
Therefore, the total Area of shaded region = 2 × 6 = 12 unit2

Q.8: Find the area enclosed by the sides of a triangle whose vertices have coordinates (3, 0)
(5, 8) and (7, 5).

Sol:

Form the above figure:

Let, A (3, 0), B (5, 8) and C (7, 5) be the vertices of triangle ABC.
Now, the equation of line AB:

Since, (y−y1)=(x−x1)×(y2−y1x2−x1)
⇒ (y−0)=(x−3)×(8−05−3)
⇒ 2y = 8x – 24
⇒ y=4x-12
The Equation of line BC:

Since, (y−y1)=(x−x1)×(y2−y1x2−x1)
⇒ (y−8)=(x−5)×(5−87−5)
⇒ 2y – 16 = -3x + 15
⇒ ⇒y=31−3x2
The Equation of line AC:

Since, (y−y1)=(x−x1)×(y2−y1x2−x1)
⇒ (y−0)=(x−3)×(5−07−3)
⇒ 4y=5x-15
⇒ ⇒y=5x−154
Now, the Area of triangle ABC = Area under the curve ABMA + Area under the curve
MBCN – Area under the curve ACNA.

The Area under the curve ABMA [y = 4x – 12]:

⇒ ∫53ydx=∫53(4x−12)dx
⇒ [4x22−12x]53
⇒ [50−60]−[18−36]=8unit2
Therefore, Area under the curve ABMA = 8 unit2

The Area under the curve MBCN [2y + 3x = 31]:

⇒ ∫75ydx=∫7531−3x2dx
⇒ 12×[31x−3x22]75
⇒ [2172−1474]−[1552−754]=13 unit2
Therefore, Area under the curve MBCN = 13 unit2

The Area under the curve ACNA [4y = 5x – 15]:

⇒ ∫73ydx=∫73(5x−154)dx
⇒ [5x28−15x4]73
⇒ [2458−1054]−[458−454]=10 unit2
Therefore, Area under the curve ACNA = 10 unit2
Now, Area of triangle ABC = Area under curve ABMA + Area under curve MBCN – Area
under curve ACNA.

Therefore, the Area of triangle ABC = 8 + 13 – 10 = 11 unit2

Q.9: Find the area enclosed by the sides of a triangle whose equations are: 2x – 4 = y, – 2y =
-3x + 6 and x – 3y = -5.

Sol:

From the above figure:

The Equation of line AB: 3y = x + 5 . . . . . . (1)

The Equation of line BC: y = 4 – 2x . . . . . . (2)

The Equation of line AC: 2y = 3x – 6 . . . . . . (3)

From equation (1) and equation (2):

3(4 – 2x) = x + 5 i.e. x = 1, which gives y = 2

Therefore, the coordinates of point B are (1, 2)

From equation (2) and equation (3):

2(4 – 2x) = 3x – 6 i.e. x = 2 which gives y = 0

Therefore, the coordinates of point C are (2, 0).

From equation (1) and equation (3):

2y = 3(3y – 5) – 6 i.e. y = 3 which gives x = 4

Therefore, the coordinates of point A are (4, 3).

Now, the Area of triangle ABC = Area enclosed by the curve ABMNA – Area enclosed by the
curve BMCB – Area enclosed by the curve ACNA

The Area under the curve ABMNA [3y = x + 5]:

⇒ ∫41ydx=∫41x+53dx
⇒ [x26+5x3]41
⇒ 166+203−16−53=152 unit2
Therefore, the Area under the curve ABMNA =152 unit2
The Area under the curve BMCB [y = 4 – 2x]:

⇒ ∫21ydx=∫21(4−2x)dx
⇒ [4x−x2]21
⇒ [8 – 4] – [4 – 1] =1 unit2
Therefore, the Area under the curve MBCN = 1 unit2

The Area under the curve ACNA [2y = 3x – 6]:

⇒ ∫42ydx=∫423x−62dx
⇒ [3x24−6x2]42
⇒ [3×164−6×42]−[3×44−6×22]=3 unit2
Therefore, the Area under the curve ACNA = 3 unit2

The Area of triangle ABC = Area enclosed by the curve ABMNA – Area enclosed by the
curve BMCB – Area enclosed by the curve ACNA

⇒ 152−1−3=3.5 unit2
Therefore, the Area of triangle ABC = 3.5 unit2

Q.10: Find the area enclosed by the curve 2x2 = y and the line y = 2x + 12 and x – axis.

Sol:

Equation 2x2 = y represents a parabola, symmetrical about the y-axis as shown in the above
figure.
The Area of the region bounded by parabola 2x2 = y and the line y = 2x + 12 and x-axis is
the Areaenclosed under the curve ABCOA.

Since, the parabola 2x2 = y and the line y = 2x + 12 intersect each other at points A and C,
hence the coordinates of points A and C are given by:

Since, y = 2x + 12

⇒ 2x2 = (2x+12)
⇒ x2 – x – 6 = 0
By splitting the middle term Method solutions of this quadratic equation are:

x2 – (3 – 2)x – 6 = 0 ⇒ x(x – 3) +2(x – 3) = 0

⇒ (x – 3) (x + 2) = 0
Therefore, x = 3 and x = -2 which gives y = 18 and y = 8 respectively.

Hence, the co-ordinates of point E and point A are (3, 18) and (-2, 8) respectively.

Since, 2x2 = y

Therefore, y = 2x2

The Area of region bounded by the curve ABCOA = [Area of region ACOA] + [Area of
region ABC]

The Area enclosed by the curve ACOA [ 2x2 = y ]:

⇒ ∫0−2ydx⇒∫0−22x2dx
⇒ ∣∣2x33∣∣0−2
⇒ ∣∣(0−−163)∣∣=163 unit2
The Area enclosed by the curve ABC [ y = 2x + 12 ] :

⇒ AreaofΔABC=12×Base×Altitude
⇒ 12×|BC|×|AC|=12×|4|×|8|=16 unit2
The Area of region bounded by the curve ABCOA = [Area of region ACOA] + [Area of
region ABC]

⇒163+16=643 unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region ABCOA =643unit2

Q.11: Plot the curve y = |x + 4| and hence evaluate ∫0−9|x+4|dx

Sol:

From the given equation the corresponding values of x and y are given in the following table.

X -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Y 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Now, on using these values of x and y, we will plot the graph of y = |x + 4|

From the above graph, the required Area = the Area enclosed by the curve ABCA + the Area
enclosed by the curve CDOC

⇒ ∫0−9|x+4|dx+∫−4−9(x+4)dx+∫0−4(x+4)dx
⇒ [∣∣x22+4x∣∣]−4−9+[∣∣x22+4x∣∣]0−4
⇒ ∣∣8−16−812+36∣∣+|0−(8−16)|=∣∣−252∣∣+8
⇒ 412 unit2
Therefore, the area of shaded region = 412 unit2
Q.12: Find the area enclosed by the curve y = sin x between 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π

Sol:

From the above figure, the required Area is represented by the curve OABCD.

Now, the Area bounded by the curve OABCD = the Area bounded by the curve OABO +
the Area bounded by the curve BCDB

⇒ ∫π0sin(x)dx+∣∣∫2ππsin(x)dx∣∣
⇒ [−cos(x)]π0+∣∣[−cos(x)]2ππ∣∣
⇒ [−cos(π)+cos(0)]+|[−cos(2π)+cos(π)]|
⇒ [1+1] + [ |– 1 – 1| ] unit2
Therefore, the area of shaded region = 4 unit2
Q.13: Find the area of smaller region enclosed by the curve x24+y29=1 and the
line x2+y3=1

Sol:

The Equation x24+y29=1 represents an ellipse.

The Equation x2+y3=1 represents a line with x and y intercepts as 2 and 3 respectively.

Since, x24+y29=1
⇒ y29=1−x24
⇒ y=324−x2−−−−−√
Therefore, the Area of smaller region enclosed by the Ellipse x24+y29=1 and the
line x2+y3=1is represented by curve ACBA
Now, the Area enclosed by the curve ACBA = Area enclosed by the curve ACBOA – Area
enclosed by the curve ABOA

Now, the Area enclosed by the curve ACBOA:

∫20ydx⇒32×∫2022−(x)2−−−−−−−−√dx
∫a2−x2−−−−−−√dx=x2a2−x2−−−−−−√+a22sin−1xa
Since,
⇒ 32[x222−(x)2−−−−−−−−√+42sin−1x2]20
⇒ 32[224−4−−−−−√+2sin−1(1)−0]=3π2 unit2
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve ACBOA = 3π2unit2
Now, the Area enclosed by the curve ABOA:

⇒ AreaofΔABO=12×AO×BO
⇒ 12×2×3=3 unit2
Therefore, the Area enclosed by the curve ABOA = 3 unit2

Since, the Area enclosed by the curve ACBA = Area enclosed by the curve ACBOA – the
Area enclosed by the curve ABOA

⇒ 3π2−3=32(π−2)unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region =32(π−2) unit2

Q.14: Find the area enclosed by the curve |x| + |y| = 2, by using the method of integration.

Sol:
Equation |x| + |y| = 2 represent a region bounded by the lines:

x + y = 2 . . . . . . (1)

x – y = 2 . . . . . . (2)

-x + y = 2 . . . . . . (3)

-x – y = 2 . . . . . . (4)

From equations (1), (2), (3) and (4) we conclude that the curve intersects x-axis and y-axis axis
at points A (0, 2), B (2, 0), C (0, -2) and D (-2, 0) respectively.

From the above figure:

Since, the curve is symmetrical to x-axis and y-axis. Therefore, the Area of region bounded by
the curve ABCDA = 4 × Area of region bounded by the curve ABOA

Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABOA:

⇒ ∫20ydx=4∫20(2−x)dx
⇒ [2x−x22]20=(4−2)=2 unit2
Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABOA = 2unit2

Since, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABCDA = 4 × Area of region bounded by
the curve ABOA

Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve ABCDA = (2 × 4) = 8 unit2

Therefore, the Area of shaded region = 8 unit2

Q.15: Find the area which is exterior to curve x2 = 2y and interior to curve x2 + y2 = 15.

Sol:

The Equation x2 = 2y represents a parabola symmetrical about y-axis.

The Equation x2 + y2 = 15 represents a circle with centre (0, 0) and radius units.
Now, on substituting the equation of parabola in the equation of circle we will get:

(2y) + y2 = 15 i.e. y2 + 2y – 15 = 0

Now, by splitting the middle term method solutions of this quadratic equation are:

y2 + (5 – 3)y – 15 = 0 ⇒ y(y + 5) – 3(y +5) = 0

⇒ (y – 3) (y + 5) = 0
Neglecting y = -5 [gives absurd values of x]

Therefore, y = 3 which gives x = ±6–√

Hence, the coordinates of point B and point D are (6–√, 3) (−6–√, 3) respectively.
Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve BAC’A’DOB = 2 × (Area of region bounded
by the curve OBMO + Area of region bounded by the curve BAMB+ Area of region
bounded by the curve OAC’O)

Area of region bounded by the curve BAMB [ x 2 + y2 = 15 ]:

⇒ ∫15√6√ydx=∫15√6√(15−−√)2−x2−−−−−−−−−−−√dx
Since, ∫a2−b2−−−−−−√dx=x2a2−x2−−−−−−√+a22sin−1xa
⇒ [x215−x2−−−−−−−√+152sin−1x15√]15√6√
⇒ [15√2×15−15−−−−−−−√+152sin−115√15√]− [6√2×15−6−−−−−−√+152sin−16√15√]
⇒ [0+15π4]−[36√2+152sin−110√5]
⇒ [15π4=36√2−152sin−110√5]unit2
Area of region bounded by the curve OBMO [ x2 = 2y ]:

⇒ ∫6√0ydx=∫6√0x22dx
⇒ [x36]6√0=66√6−0 = 6−−√ unit2
Area of region bounded by the curve OAC’O:

⇒ Areaofcircle4=π×(15√)24 = 15π4unit2
Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve BAC’A’DOB = 2 × (Area of region bounded by
the curve OBMO + Area of region bounded by the curve BAMB + Area of region bounded by
the curve OAC’O)

Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve BAC’A’DOB:

⇒ 2[15π4−36√2−152sin−110√5+6–√+15π4]
⇒ [15π−6−−√−15(sin−110√5)]unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region: [15π−6−−√−15(sin−110√5)]unit2
Q.16: Find the area enclosed by the curve y = x3, x-axis and the lines x = -2 and x = 2.

Sol.

The Equation y = x3 represents a cubic parabola which intersects the line x = 2 and x = -
2 at points Aand D respectively

From the above figure, the required Area = Area enclosed by the curve ABOA + Area
enclosed by the curve CODC

⇒ ∫20x3dx+∣∣∫0−2x3dx∣∣
⇒ [x44]20+∣∣∣[x44]0−2∣∣∣
⇒ 4 – 0 + 0 + 4 =16 unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region = 16 unit2
Q.17: Find the area enclosed by the curve y = x|x|, y – axis and the lines y = -1 and y = 3.

Sol:

Now, y = x|x| is equal to [y = x2] when x > o

And y = x|x| is equal to [y = -x2] when x < o

From the above figure, the required Area = Area enclosed by the curve ABOA + Area
enclosed by the curve CODC

⇒ ∫30x2dx+∣∣∫0−1−x2dx∣∣
⇒ [x33]30+∣∣∣[x33]0−1∣∣∣
⇒ 9+13=283unit2
Therefore, the area of shaded region =283unit2
Q.18: Find the area bounded by the curve y = Cos (x) and y = Sin (x) and y – axis, when
[0 ≤ x ≤ π2].

Sol:

y = Cos(x) . . . . . . . . (1)

y = Sin(x) . . . . . . . . . (2)

Now, from equation (1) and equation (2):

Cos (x) = Sin (x) ⇒ Cos (x) = Cos [π2−x]

⇒ x = [π2−x] ⇒ x = π4
Therefore, the coordinates of point A are: (π4,12√)

Now, from the above figure:

The required Area = Area enclosed by the curve ADMA + Area enclosed by the curve
AMOA

⇒ ∫12√0sin−1ydy+∫112√cos−1ydy
Since, ∫sin−1ydy=ysin−1y+1−y2−−−−−√
And, ∫cos−1ydy=ycos−1y−1−y2−−−−−√
⇒ ∫12√0sin−1ydy+∫112√cos−1ydy
⇒ [ysin−1y+1−y2−−−−−−√]12√0+[ycos−1y−1−y2−−−−−−√]112√
⇒ [12√×π4+12√−(0+1)]+[0−(12√×π4−12√)]
⇒ [2−−√−1]unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region = [2–√−1]unit2

Q.20: Find the area which is exterior to curve y2 = 6x and interior to curve x2 + y2 = 16.

Sol:
The Equation y2 = 6x represents a parabola symmetrical about x – axis.

The Equation x2 + y2 = 16 represents a circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 4 units.

Now, on substituting the equation of parabola in the equation of circle we will get:

x2 + (6x) = 16 i.e. x2 + 6x – 16 = 0

Now, by splitting of middle term method solutions of this quadratic equation are:

x2 + (8 – 2)x – 16 = 0 ⇒ x(x + 8) – 2(x + 8) = 0

⇒ (x – 2) (x + 8) = 0
Neglecting x = -8 [gives absurd values of y]

Therefore, x = 2 which gives y = ±23–√

Hence, the coordinates of point B and point D are (2, 23–√) (2, −23–√) respectively.
Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve PBA’B’NOP = 2 × (Area of region bounded
by the curve BPMOB – Area of region bounded by the curve POMP + Area of region bounded
by the curve BOA’B)

Area of region bounded by the curve BPMOB [x 2 + y2 = 16]:

⇒ ∫20ydx=∫20(4)2−x2−−−−−−−−√dx
Since, ∫a2−b2−−−−−−√dx=x2a2−x2−−−−−−√+a22sin−1xa
⇒ [x216−x2−−−−−−−√+162sin−1x4]20
⇒ [22×16−4−−−−−−√+8×sin−112]−0
⇒ [23−−√+8×π6]=[23−−√+4π3]unit2
Therefore, Area of region bounded by the curve BPMOB = [23–√+4π3]unit2
Area of region bounded by the curve POMP [y2 = 6x]:

⇒ ∫20ydx=∫206x−−−√dx
⇒ [6√×23×x32]20=26√3×22–√−0
⇒ 83√3unit2
Therefore, Area of region bounded by the curve POMP : 83√3unit2
Area of region bounded by the curve BOA’B:

⇒Areaofcircle4=π×(4)24
⇒ 4π unit2
Therefore, Area of region bounded by the curve BOA’B = 4π unit2

Now, the Area of region bounded by the curve PBA’B’NOP = 2 × (Area of region bounded by
the curve BPMOB – Area of region bounded by the curve POMP + Area of region bounded by
the curve BOA’B)

Therefore, the Area of region bounded by the curve PBA’B’NOP:

⇒ 2[23–√+4π3−83√3+4π]
⇒ [32π3−43√3]=43×[8π−3−−√]unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region = 43×[8π−3–√]unit2

Q.21: Find the area bounded by the curve y = Cos (x) and y = Sin (x) and x – axis, when
[0 ≤ x ≤ ].

Sol:

y = Cos(x) . . . . . . . . (1)

y = Sin(x) . . . . . . . . . (2)
Now, from equation (1) and equation (2):

Cos (x) = Sin (x) ⇒ Cos (x) = Cos [π2−x]

⇒ x = [π2−x] ⇒ x = π4
Therefore, the coordinates of point A are: (π4,12√)

Now, from the above figure:

The required Area = Area enclosed by the curve AONA + Area enclosed by the curve ANBA

⇒ [−cos(x)]π40+[sin(x)]π2π4
⇒ [−cosπ4+cos(0)+sinπ2−sinπ4]
⇒ [−12√+1+1−12√]=[2−2−−√]unit2
Therefore, the Area of shaded region =[2−2–√]unit2