Society for Underwater Technology

SUBSEA AWARENESS COURSE

Lauchlan Wallace
Subsea Engineer, Production Manager
Woodside Energy Ltd.
 Disclaimer and Important Notice

This presentation contains forward looking statements that are subject to risk
factors associated with oil and gas businesses. It is believed that the expectations
reflected in these statements are reasonable but they may be affected by a variety
of variables and changes in underlying assumptions which could cause actual
results or trends to differ materially, including but not limited to: price
fluctuations, actual demand, currency fluctuations, drilling and production results,
reserve estimates, loss of market, industry competition, environmental risks,
physical risks, legislative, fiscal and regulatory developments, economic and
financial market conditions in various countries and regions, political risks,
project delay or advancement, approvals and cost estimates.

All references to dollars, cents or $ in this presentation are to Australian currency,

unless otherwise stated.

References to “Woodside” may be references to Woodside Petroleum Ltd. or its

applicable subsidiaries

1
Scope of Presentation

• The evolution of Subsea Systems.

• External Influencing Factors.
• Internal Influencing Factors.
• What does the future look like.

Subsea Awareness
 History & Evolution of Subsea Developments

• First “offshore” wells installed

1890 in California

• First Subsea Tree installed GoM 1961

• First ‘Pilot’ Subsea System (SPS) GoM

late 70’s
Subsea Awareness
 History & Evolution of Subsea Developments

1980’s
1980 1983
Bonito Piraúna 1985
RJS-39 RJS-232 Marimbá
1988
RJS-284 1992
189m 293m Marimbá
1988 Marlim
383m RJS-376D
Placid MRL-9 1994
492m Marlim
Green 781m
Canyon 31 MRL-4
1027m 1997
684m Mensa 1990’s
1618m 1997
Marlim
Sul
• Subsea trees within 2 – 5 km of host – control MLS-3
1709m
system limitations 1999
Roncador
RJS-436
• Subsea manifolded systems within 5 – 10km of host 2000
2002
1853m Roncador
• Subsea to beach, 100 to 200km from host Camden
Hills
2003 2009
1877m Shell
2000’s 2197m Na Kika Perdido
2316m
2400m

Subsea Awareness
 Indicative ‘field proven’ design envelope for Subsea
Distance from Host (km)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
0
Water Depth (m)

PoG Wanaea Cossack

Russian
Vincent Western Flank Corrib (gas)
Tieback
Jahal
Laminaria 600km
500
Scarab Saffron (gas) Snøhvit (gas)
Enfield Browse
Popeye (gas)
Chinguetti
Pluto
1000 Pluto (gas)
Gemini
Malampaya (gas) Ormen Lange (gas)
Nile (gas)
1500 Mica (oil)

Diana (gas) Mensa (gas)

Thunder Horse (oil)

2000

Canyon Express (oil)

2500 Na Kika (oil)

3000

Subsea Awareness
Forecast Demand for Subsea Equipment

Subsea Awareness
Typical Subsea Development (Building Blocks)
FPSO

Riser

Umbilical

Manifold

Flowline

Flowline Jumper

Well Jumper

Pipeline End Manifold Xmas Tree

(PLEM)

Subsea Awareness
Subsea System Definition – External Factors
Subsurface Engineering
Reservoir Fluid Properties Reservoir Volumes
Structure • Composition • Economic Recovery Factors
• Temperature (Recovery factors – Norway
• Drainage Plan • Pressure 50%, GoM 10%.)
• Field Development Plan • Contaminants

Drilling Flow Assurance Facilities

•Top hole locations
• Line Sizing • Stand alone or Tie Back
•No. of wells
• Hydrate Management • Subsea to Beach
•Well Layout – Distributed or
clustered

Field Layout Functional Interfaces

• Manifolds or Daisy Chain
Specification • Control System
• Flowlines and Risers • Power Requirements
• Water Depth • Subsea Processing
• Metocean • Hydrate management philosophy
• Geophysics and Geotechnical • Instalability
• Availability and reliability

Subsea Engineering – Cost Reduction and Value Enhancement

Subsea Awareness
Subsea System Definition – Internal Factors
Most of the new oil and gas fields will be located in ultra-deep water at remote locations hundreds of
kilometres from shore. This will create challenges for both surface and subsea development, typically :

Geographical Remoteness
• Long distances from a mature industry centre
Environmental Conditions
• Meteorological and Environmental conditions (wave heights, cyclones, water temperature, current)
• Water Depth

Seabed Conditions
• Seabed Bathymetry
• Seabed material properties (Geotechnics)
• Geohazards (canyons, seismic activity, mass transportation systems)

New Technology
• Lack of Qualified Equipment
• Reservoir pressures and temperatures
• Hydrostatic pressure
• Pipeline costs
• Control System
• Power Systems

Installation and Operational Support

• Installability – Large Heavy Structures
• Inspection, Repair and Maintenance Philosophies

Subsea Awareness
Subsea Processing – The Future
Statoil Vision: Subsea “Factory” by 2020
FPSO

Riser

Umbilical

Manifold

Flowline

Flowline Jumper

Well Jumper

Pipeline End Manifold Xmas Tree

(PLEM)

Subsea Awareness
 Concluding Remarks

Enjoy the Course…….

• Look out for the external influencing factors

• Always look to optimise the subsea system, it has to

be economically viable