Modelling and measurement of AC loss in a superconducting transformer 2LPo2C-01: 128

1 2 2 3 2
Enric Pardo , Mike Staines , Zhenan Jiang , Neil Glasson , Bob Buckley
1 Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
2 Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
3 Callaghan Innovation, Christchurch, New Zealand

AC loss in superconducting windings: 1 MVA 11 kV/415 V 3-phase transformer 40 MVA 110 kV/11 kV 3-phase transformer
Reduces efficiency modelling and measurement modelling
Increases cost of cooling system Transformer concept AC loss modelling with constant Jc
Full transformer parameters Air-core transformer for testing (1 phase)
Reduces thermal stability One phase cross-section
HV LV Jc taken from cable
Voltage rms [V]
Rated current amplitude [A]
110000 6350 critical current
HV LV 171.4 2969
Same superconducting windings Ic=3500A at 70 K
IS YOUR TRANSFORMER Voltage rms [V]
Rated current amplitude [A]
11000
42.9
240
1964
as full transformer
Internal diameter [mm]
No. turns axial direction
880
114
830
64

DESIGN FEASIBLE? Internal diameter [mm]

No. turns axial direction
345
48
310
20
No. turns radial direction
Total turns
10
1140
1
64 Critical current
No. turns radial direction 19 1 Conductor width [mm] 4 10 obtained by load line
Total turns 912 20 Total AC loss measured by Axial gap between turns [mm] 2.2 1
Conductor width [mm] with present Fujikura tape
Modelling required Axial gap between turns [mm]
4
2.130
12.1
2.1
electrical means
(lock-in amplifier technique)
Roebel strand number
Strand width [mm]
-
-
16
4.5
Roebel strand number - 15 Gap between Roebel stacks [mm] - 1
Strand width [mm] - 5 Superconducting layer thickness [µm] - 1.4
Gap between Roebel stacks [mm] - 2.1
HV winding dominates
Superconducting layer thickness [µm] - 1.4 superconducting LV superconducting HV AC loss
Roebel cable in LV winding superconducting HV winding winding
winding
M. Staines et al. 2012 SuST 25 104002
superconducting LV
M. D. Glasson et al. 2013 IEEE TAS 23 5500206
winding Loss distribution in the axial direction Transformer modelling results:
Loss at central turns or pancakes is not negligible
comparison between 1 MVA and 40 MVA

LV winding modelling for constant Jc Modelling of complete one phase for J c(B,θ) Assumed same Ic
for both transformers
Strands Ic present low anisotropy 1 MVA transformer
Jc taken from measured stand-alone coil prototype has lower Ic
(no current in SuperPower tape
cable critical current
HV winding) 3 groups of strands:
Ic=2350 A at 70 K
high Ic, mid Ic and low Ic
High magnetization
currents at top turns
Roebel cable contains:
4 high Ic
7 mid Ic
AC loss only around
Numerical model coil in transformer
3 low Ic 12 times higher
(LV in short circuit) for 40 times rating
Minimum Magnetic Energy Variation LV winding as part of transformer
Suppressed Assume isotropic Jc and take Jc(B)
creates lower loss than Model agrees with measurements Tape requirements for transformer feasibility
Assumes critical-state magnetization currents
as stand-alone coil of most typical strands (mid Ic sample #1) with short-circuit LV
E(J) relation
at perpendicular applied field. 1.5 kW AC loss goal
Interaction of magnetization
currents taken into account
application to coils:
Top turn
(upper half
per phase
equivalent to 135 kW
CONCLUSION
of Roebel cable) 3-phase conductor loss
E. Pardo 2008 SuST 21 065014 assuming 30x cooling penalty
J. Souc et al. 2009 SuST 22 015006
E. Pardo et al 2012 SuST 25 035003 Model agrees with measurements
Central turn
E. Pardo 2013 SuST 26 105017 (lower half
of Roebel cable)
Required critical current of 1 MVA transformer
Axi-symmetrical model of coil made 656 A/cm
at 65 K and 400 mT
of Roebel cable 40 MVA transformer will have efficiency better
Assumed cable cross-section: Fujikura projecting
than conventional transformers
We approximate Roebel cable 700 A/cm 77K s.f.
as two stacks of tapes production Ic for 2015 Critical current required to surpass
Jc(B=0) scaled to average Jc of strands Discrepancies mainly due to Ic(77K,s.f) ~ Ic(65K,400mT) efficiency of conventional transformers
at self-field approximated Jc(B)
[Iijima, ISIS22, 2013] is achievable