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I don't think there is a more beautiful line in the world than the
curve described above.
Zeising
went so far as to claim for the Golden ratio that;
"... [It is] the universal law in which is contained the ground-
principle of all formative striving for beauty and completeness
in the realms of both nature and art, and which permeates, as
a paramount spiritual ideal, all structures, forms and
proportions, whether cosmic or individual, organic or
inorganic, acoustic or optical; which finds its fullest
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Well actually the nautilus shell is not a true Phi-spiral, but it's
pretty close so we'll go with Zeising's effusiveness for now.
This is Part IV in the
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Erechtheum
through it's beautiful illustrations. Historian
Calder Loth
points out that "The Erechtheum’s volutes are the most
complex of all Greek Ionic capitals, having a series of tightly
spaced creases or canals resembling fine drapery. The
central swag in the canals, a characteristic feature of Greek
Ionic capitals, emphasizes the drapery-like character."
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The volute made it's way into the Corinthian order too.
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Islamic architecture
, or as a mathematical design principle adopted by the likes of
Le Corbusier
. It seems we should probably learn how to draw one of these
things then, right?
Another source
follows a ratio of 6.5 : 5.5 : 4.5. [Though I am strictly a
layman, these ratios seem like approximations to me; 7 : 6 is
surely not the same as 6 : 5, nor is 6.5 : 5.5 as 5.5 : 4.5 (but
please feel free to enlighten me). A more accurate Ionic ratio
would be 7 : 6 : 5.143, which is what I will use here].
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The point is that although the ratios may change, our method
for constructing the volute remains the same. We could
substitute 7 : 5.5 : 4.321 (which would describe a different
curve) just as easily, but for now we will concentrate on
drawing the distinctive ram's horn shape of the scrolls of an
Ionic capital as described by Spooner's ratio.
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Fig. 1
Step 1:
I decided arbitrarily to start with a rectangle 3.5cm wide and
6cm tall [Fig. 1], and to start the convolutions of the curve at
A
, 3.5cm from the base of the volute.
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Fig. 2
Step 2:
So, according to the traditional ratio of 7 : 6 : 5.143, we divide
the length of
AB
by 1.1666666666 to give us the length of
BC
. [In the case of the ratio 6.5 : 5.5 : 4.5, we would divide by
1.1818181818].
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Fig. 3
Step 3:
Next, draw lines through the points
ABCD
at 45º [Fig. 3] to where they intersect to form a rectangle in
the middle.
Fig. 4
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Step 4: See that little rectangle that you just made? You'll
have to find the midpoints of each of those sides. Let's call
them 1,2,3, and 4. Now draw lines perpendicularly from those
midpoints to intersect AB, BC, and CD [Fig.4].
Fig. 5
Step 5:
Using
1
as the center of the first arc, describe the curve connecting
the top of the volute to
AB
[Fig.5]. Similarly; using
2
as the center of the second arc, we describe the curve
connecting
AB
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to
BC
, use
3
as the center to describe the curve from
BC
to
CD
, and
4
as the center to describe the curve from
CD
back around for the first full rotation of the spiral
Fig. 6
Step 6:
Let's now draw the second, inner rectangle
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EFGH
which we will use to draw the second revolution of the spiral
[Fig. 6].
EF = DE ÷ 1.16666666 = 1.9cm.
FG = EF ÷ 1.16666666 = 1.6cm.
GH = FG ÷ 1.16666666 = 1.37cm
Fig. 7
Step 7:
As in Step 3, draw lines from points
E,F,G,H
, at 45º to where they intersect in the middle to form a
rectangle [Fig. 7].
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Fig. 8
Step 8:
Draw lines perpendicularly from points 5,6,7 and 8 to connect
with
DE, EF
,
FG
, and
GH
[Fig. 8].
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Fig. 9
Step 9: Connect the dots (as in Step 5), using points 5,6, and
7 as the centers of our arcs [Fig. 9].
Fig. 10
Step 10: If you wished, you could repeat Step 6 through 9, to
give you a third inner curve to the spiral, but I'm going to stop
here. From the last point (8), instead of describing a short arc,
we continue around and draw a full circle [Fig. 10], which is
the central circle of our newly completed volute. So there you
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have it.
Fig. 11
Step 11:
I could have just stopped at
Step 10
, but I'm going to add two more steps. I want to extend and
soften the curve at the top (or the "thread", to borrow a term
from a stair-makers lexicon). This will make it look more like
the acanthus scroll. In order to do that, take the line that
passed through
Point 6
and
Point 1
[
Fig. 11
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a'
. You can position that line wherever you want.
Now draw an arc centered on Point a', that goes from Point 1
and stops where it intersects the 45º line.
Fig. 12
Step 12:
Now we're going to finish it off. Using a point (
b'
) further down the 45º line as a new center point for the last
section of the arc, connect
Point 2
and
Point 3
[Fig. 12].
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