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Consulting-Specifying Engineer, as a publication of CFE Media, is
registered provider 70118100 with The American Institute of
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manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material
or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will
be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Learning objectives
Presenter:
Kenneth Lovorn, PE
President, Chief Engineer
Lovorn Engineering Associates Inc., Pittsburgh
Moderator:
Jack Smith
Content Manager
Consulting-Specifying Engineer
Evolution of codes and standards
Federal legislation acts as the catalyst for energy codes and efficiency standards. The
conservation of energy is considered a national security issue. Federal legislation is updated at
fairly regular intervals but key game changer milestones related to equipment efficiency are:
Energy codes and standards help ensure the public health and welfare by:
• Reduced dependence of foreign energy by increasing efficiency and promoting
alternate sources of energy.
• Protecting consumers through adoption of consistent standards.
• More reliable electrical utility grid.
• Promoting economic development.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that electric motor driven systems
account for 43% to 46% of global electricity consumption (7,108 TWh/year). Most of
this is in the industrial sector. However, commercial usage still accounts for 1,412
TWh/year.
Example: Although motors less than 1 hp represent the majority of motors in use,
these motors only account for about 9% of total motor electrical use. Does it make
sense to regulate these as tightly as large polyphase induction motors?
Note that in the 2013 code revision cycle, motors for fans 1/12 to 1 hp have minimum
efficiency requirements (IECC 2015: C403.4.4.4 ECM or 70% efficient).
Why aren’t we following the most current
version of the energy codes?
Federal statutory authority under Title 42 of the United States Code (Public
Health)
• Both ASHRAE 90.1 and IECC are recognized by the federal government as the
benchmarks.
• U.S. Department of Energy requires by federal legislation to determine no more
than 12 months after revision to the applicable standard (IECC and ASHRAE
90.1) if the revised code/standard would cost-effectively improve energy
efficiency.
• After determination is made, each state is required to certify within 2 years that
its commercial code is in compliance with the revised standard. Compliance
must include a demonstration that its commercial code meets or exceeds the
revised standard.
• This is a worst-case scenario under the federal code. Many states will adopt
early (e.g. Vermont, Maryland).
• Note: The U.S. does not have a national energy code or standard. Codes and
standards are adopted on the state level.
• Motor manufacturers are bound by standards, not energy codes.
• For further reading: U.S. Department of Energy Building Energy Codes
Program.
Standards for motors/VFDs
• NEMA MG-1 is the federally recognized manufacturers’ standard for general-
purpose small and medium squirrel-cage induction motors.
• Applicable to most motors from 1 to 500 hp, less than 600 V.
• Updated on a regular basis.
• Last major revision is attributed to EISA 2007, which became effective Dec. 19,
2010.
• EISA 2007 expanded the motor efficiency requirements from that in EPAct1992.
• EISA 2007 mandated NEMA Premium efficiency levels.
• NEMA Premium motors represent low to mid-single digit efficiency
improvements over pre-EPAct motors.
• New minimum full-load motor efficiency tables in IECC 2015 and ASHRAE 90.1-
2013 are from MG-1-2009 (incorporated by reference into DOE 10 CFR 431
Code of Federal Regulations).
• There is no corresponding manufacturers’ efficiency standard for VFDs (sort of).
• European standard for efficiency in 2013 (IEC 60034-2-3).
Energy codes for motors and VFDs
• NEMA MG-1 minimum motor efficiency requirements
are now in the energy code starting with ASHRAE
90.1-2013 and IECC-2015.
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Speakers
Presenter:
John Yoon, PE, LEED AP ID+C
Senior Electrical Engineer
McGuire Engineers Inc., Chicago
Presenter:
Kenneth Lovorn, PE
President, Chief Engineer
Lovorn Engineering Associates Inc., Pittsburgh
Moderator:
Jack Smith
Content Manager
Consulting-Specifying Engineer
Critical power: Motors, variable
frequency drives (VFDs), and
variable speed drives (VSDs)
#CSEmotordrive
John Yoon, PE, LEED AP ID+C
McGuire Engineers, Chicago
Ken Lovorn, PE
Lovorn Engineering Associates, Pittsburgh
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