Gather and Build Young Researcher’s

Capacity

Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub109@gmail.com 1

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Outline

 Introduction to Questionnaire

 Understanding Your Objectives

 Sources of Information
Capacity

 Data Collection Techniques

 Determining the Content of Individual Question

 Designing the Question to Overcome the

Respondent's Inability to Answer

Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub109@gmail.com

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Outline

 Designing the Question to Overcome the

Respondent's Unwillingness to Answer

 Selecting the Question Structures

 Determining the Question Wording

Capacity

 Arranging the Questions in Proper Oder

 Choosing the Form and Layout

 Pretesting the Questionnaire

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Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
What Is Questionnaire?

A set of printed or written questions with a

choice of answers, devised for the
purposes of a survey or statistical study
Capacity

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Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Capacity
What Is Questionnaire?

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Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Understanding Your Objectives

What are the objectives of

your questionnaire?
Capacity

What do you
want to know
What does the to help you
organization really want better analyze
to know from those and write the
objectives? report?

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Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Sources of Information

From whom do you want to gather the

information?

Consider the followings

Capacity

Age Technology Education

Location Attitudes and beliefs

Language

The questionnaire should be designed based on

type of informant.
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Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Capacity
Data Collection Techniques

Focus Group In-Depth

Discussion Interview
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Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Data Collection Techniques

Experiment
Capacity

Observation

At Field At Lab

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 Designing Questionnaire Based on a
Data Collection Technique
Gather and Build Young Researcher’s

Phone Interview:
I will read to you the names of some telecom companies in Cambodia. Please rate them in terms of
your preference. Use a five-point scale, where 1 denotes not so preferred and 5 denotes greatly
preferred. (READ ONE AT A TIME)

COMPANY Not So Preferred Greatly

Preferred

1 2 3 4 5
Capacity

1. Metfone

2. Mfone

3. Hello
4.Mobitel
5.Smart
6. Beeline
7.StarCell

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 Designing Questionnaire Based on a
Data Collection Technique
Gather and Build Young Researcher’s

Face to Face Interview:

(HAND TELECOM BRAND CARDS TO THE RESPONDENT.) Here is a set of telecom company names
in Cambodia, each written in a separate card. Please examine the card carefully (GIVE
RESPONDENT TIME) Now please examine these cards again and pull out the card that has the name
of the company you like the most. (RECORD THE CARD NAME AND KEEP THIS CARD WITH YOU).
Now, please examine the remaining six cards. Of these remaining six names, what is your most
preferred company? (REPEAT THIS PROCEDURE SEQUENTIALLY UNTIL THE RESPONDENT HAS
ONLY ONE CARD LEFT)

CARD RANK COMPANY NAME

Capacity

1st . ……………………………………………. ………………………………………

2nd . ……………………………………………. ………………………………………

3rd . ……………………………………………. ………………………………………

4th . ……………………………………………. ………………………………………

5th . ……………………………………………. ………………………………………

6th . ……………………………………………. ………………………………………

7th . ……………………………………………. ………………………………………

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 Determining the Content of Individual
Question
Gather and Build Young Researcher’s

1. Is the Question Necessary?

- Some information is nice to know but not necessary

2. Are Several Questions Needed

Instead of One?
Capacity

- In some cases, two questions are better than one.

- But not asking two questions in one
EX.
Do you think Metfone offers better variety and rates
than Mobitel? (INCORRECT)
Do you think Metfone offers better rates than Mobitel?
Do you think Metfone offers better variety than Mobitel?
(CORRECT)
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 Designing the Question to Overcome the
Respondent's Inability to Answer
1. Is the Respondent Informed?
Gather and Build Young Researcher’s

- Husband may not be informed about monthly expenses

- Children might not be informed about family income

2. Can the Respondent Remember?

- What telecom advertisings did see last night on CTN? (NOT
Capacity

RECOMMENDED)
- Which of these telecom companies were advertised last night on CTN
(RECOMMENDED)

3. Can the Respondent Answer Clearly?

- Respondents may be unable to answer certain types of questions
precisely. Ex. How did you feel when you heard that your name was
selected as $10000 winner from Mobitel?
- Visual aids (picture, diagrams, maps) and verbal descriptions should be
provided
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 Designing the Question to Overcome the
Respondent's Unwillingness to Answer
Effort Required of the Respondent –
Gather and Build Young Researcher’s


design it to make participant pay less effort to answer
 Ex..
Please list all the merchandises which you purchased on your most recent shopping
trip to a department store. (Incorrect)

In the list that follows, which of merchandises did you purchase on

Capacity

your most recent shopping trip to a department store (Correct)

1. Women’s Dresses No Yes

2. Men’s Apparel No Yes
3. Children’s Apparel No Yes
4. Cosmetics No Yes
5. Jewelry No Yes
6. Other (please specify) No Yes

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 Designing the Question to Overcome the
Respondent's Unwillingness to Answer
Sensitive Information – included money, family life,
Gather and Build Young Researcher’s


political and religious beliefs, and involvement in accidents or crimes.

Ex. What is your household’s exact annual income? (incorrect)

Capacity

(Correction) Which one of the following categories best describes your

household’s annual income?

1. Under $2500 2. $2501 - $5000

3. $ 5001 - $7500 4. Over $7500

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Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Choosing Question Structure

Specify the set of responses as well as their format. It refers to

multiple choice, two options, or a scale.

1- Multiple-Choice Questions: Provides a choice of answers, respondent

Capacity

is asked to select one or more of the given alternatives.

Ex. Which of the following organizations are working in Education

Sector?
1. BBC Media Action 2. Save the Children
3. MSIC 4. VSO
5. VVOB 6. CCC

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Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Choosing Question Structure

2- Two-Option Questions: Provides with only two response alternatives

such as yes and no, male and female.

Ex. Do you intend to use our new product?

1. Yes 0. No
Capacity

3- Scale Questions: Provides a scale of alternatives to the respondent

to select.

Ex. How much do you like our new product? Scaling from 0 to 10.
where 0 denotes not so like and 10 denotes greatly like.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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 Determining the Question Wording

1. Define the Issue – Questions should always define

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s

clearly.

Ex. Which brand of toothpaste do you use? (Not clear)

WHO – The Respondent (It is not clear whether this question related to the individual
respondent or the respondent’s total household)

WHAT– The Brand of Toothpaste (It is not clear how the respondent is to answer this
Capacity

question if more than one brand is used)

WHEN – Unclear (The time frame is not specified in this question. The respondent could
interpret it as meaning the toothpaste used this morning, this week, or over the past year)

WHERE – Not Specified (At home, at the gym, on the road)

(Correction) Which brand or brands of toothpaste have you personally

used at home during the past month? In case of more than one
brand, please list all the brands that apply.

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Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Determining the Question Wording

2- Use Simple Words --- Avoid using technical

word as possible
Ex. Is the distribution of Angkor Beer adequate? (Incorrect- some people
might not know the word “Adequate”)

(Correction) – Is Angkor Beer readily available when you want to buy it?
Capacity

3- Use Unambiguous Words --- Select any word

that has only one meaning. Ambiguous words included “Usually, normally,
often, regularly, occasionally, and sometimes.

Ex. In a typical month, how often do you make call to your family?
1. Never 2. Occasionally 3. Sometimes 4. Often 5. Regularly

1. Less than once 2. 1 or 2 times 3. 3 or 4 times 4. More than 4 times

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Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Determining the Question Wording

4- Avoid Producing Leading or Biasing

Questions – Giving a clue for respondent to answer
Ex. Do you think that America should provide financial aid to poor
foreign countries when it is not our responsibility to do so?
1. Yes 0. No 99. Don’t Know
Capacity

Is Hello your favorite telecom company?

1. Yes 0. No 99. Don’t Know
Do you think that America should provide financial aid to poor
foreign countries?
1. Yes 0. No 99. Don’t Know
What is your favorite telecom company?
1. Mobitel 2. Hello 3. Metfone
4. Other…………….

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Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Arranging the Questions in Proper Oder

Should start with general questions

Ex. Angkor Beer Company designed a questionnaire to
determine its consumers’ motivations for buying the
products. Here is the order of its questionnaire
1. Awareness of the company (Angkor Beer)
Capacity

2. Perceptions of the company

3. Communication with company
4. Consumption experiences
5. Demographic information

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 Choosing the Form and Layout

 The format, spacing, and positioning can have a significant

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s

effect on the result.

 Thus, make sure the format is simple and easy to understand

Q1. Does your household currently own a TV?

Capacity

0- No 1- Yes (IF YES, GO TO Q2, IF NO GO TO Qx)

Q2. Is it a black and white or color one?

1- Black and White 2- Color

Q3. How often do you watch it per week?

1. Less than once 2. 1 or 2 times 3. 3 or 4 times 4. More than 4 times

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Gather and Build Young Researcher’s
Pretesting the Questionnaire

 Pretesting refers to testing the questionnaire on a

small sample of respondents

 Usually 15 to 30 participants are recommended

Capacity

 It should be conducted with a similar group

 It should be done by personal interviews even the

actual survey is to be conducted by telephone

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