I-OVERVIEW ON LGU PROFILE

A. DEMOGRAPHICS

A.1-PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

A.1.a. Geographical Location, Political and Physical Boundaries

Tinglayan is bounded on the East by the Municipality of Tanudan, Kalinga; on the West, by
the Municipality of Pasil, Kalinga; and Municipality of Boliney, Abra; on the North by the
Municipality of Lubuagan, Kalinga; and on the South by the Municipality of Sadanga, Mountain
Province.

Tinglayan is accessible by land transportation from adjoining Municipalities of Lubugan and

Sadanga. It is 64 Kilometers from Tabuk passing through Lubuagan with a travel time of four
hours only by jeep and Mini-Bus, and from Bontoc Town of Mt. Province, it is only 56 kilometers
with a travel time of three hours only by a public utility jeeps and Mini-bus.

A.1.b. Land Area

The municipality of Tinglayan is composed of twenty barangays with an aggregate area of

326.8 square kilometers or 32,679.94 hectares. It is 10.32 % of the total land area of the province.

Table 1. Land area by Barangay, 2011

Barangay Area SQ. M Hectare Area Sq. Km

Ambato-Legleg 7,540,000 754 7.54
Bangad Centro 3,510,000 351 3.51
Upper Bangad 7,910,000 791 7.91
Lower Bangad 10,050,000 1,005 10.05
Basao 35,490,000 3,549 35.49
Belong–Manubal 7,670,000 767 7.67
Bugnay 26,789,400 2,678.94 26.79
Buscalan 7,960,000 796 7.96
ButBut proper 9,940,000 994 9.94
Dananao 21,800,000 2,180 21.80
Loccong 24,950,000 2,495 24.95
LupLupa 8,300,000 830 8.30
Mallango 11,360,000 1,136 11.36
Ngibat 3,240,000 324 3.24
Old Tinglayan 3,660,000 366 3.66
 Poblacion 4,190,000 419 4.19
Sumadel I 12,400,000 1,240 12.40
Sumadel 2 12,650,000 1,265 12.65
Tulgao East 25,650,000 2,565 25.65
Tulgao West 81,740,000 8,174 81.74
Total 326,799,400 32,679.94 326.80

Source: CADC Map, 2000

A.1.c. Geological

The municipality has five (5) types of rocks formation which are undifferentiated,
oligocene-miocene (Sedimentary and metamorphic rock) Neocene, pliocene-quatenary and
pliocene-pleistocene. Undifferentiated rock has the highest area garnering 14,705.970 hectares
or 45 % of the total land area.

Tables 2. Types of rock formation

Geological Class Area: Square Meter Hectare

Undifferentiated 149,956,431.930 14,996
Oligocene-miocene sedimentary and 109,095,768.036 10,910
metaphorphic rock
Neogene 47,504,518.692 4,750
Pliocene-quaternary 13,608,560.382 1,361
Pliocene –Pleistocene 11,941,831.184 1,194
Total 332,107,110.224 33,211
Source: GIS 2002

A.1.d. Topography and Slope

Land form in the Municipality of Tinglayan varied from rolling to very steep with elevation
ranging from 460 M to 2,525 m above sea level (Refer to Table 2 and Map 6)

Table 3. Slope class Area and Distribution, 2011

Slope Class Slope (%) Area Square meter Hectare

0-3 12,048,225.568 1,205
3-8 0.00 0.00
8-18 7,571,662.331 757
18-30 1,672,454.883 167
30-50 12,021,499.899 1,202
50 and above 298,785.096.880 3,804
Total 332,096,539.805 33,210
 A.1.e. Soil Properties

There are general properties of the soil namely: physical, chemical and biological. These
three properties in relation to environmental factors like climate, relief, management and etc;
influence the soil productive capacity. They interact with each other in such a way that
they serve as control mechanism to soil fertility. The municipality relies on CECAP research for
soils information data. The agency property provides information on various soils physical and
chemical properties and land capabilities.

A.2. DRAINAGE AND SURFACE WATER

The southeast down to northeast portion of the municipality is traversed by approximately

31 kilometers stretch of the Chico River.

The Chico River is fed by the Bunog River which originated from the forest covered Kawitan
Mountain down. A network of creeks and tributaries form part of the locality’s natural drainage.

There are 147 gravitational type of communal irrigation system in the municipality.

A.3. CLIMATE

A.3.a.General Climate

The Municipality has a pronounced dry season. The dry season usually begins from January
end June. Rain is experienced during the month of July, August, September, October, November
and December. Typhoon usually occurs during August, September and October and rarely do
they occur in other months. Prevailing winds blows from North to South following the channel of
the Chico River. Skies are usually clear during the dry season. Flood during typhoons caused
damage to rice paddies along the river banks, soil erosion and silting of fields along the
tributaries.

A.3.b.Temperature

Temperature ranges from 22 degrees Celsius with a maximum of 30 degrees Celsius in the
month of May. The mean temperature is 26 degrees Celsius.

A.3.c. Rainfall

Using the rainfall data from Pinukpuk Agronometric station, the area may receive a mean
annual prescription (map) of 2356.78 mm. In same case, the area encounters a rainfall of <75
mm during the months of January, February, March and April while the rest of the month are
considered wet (>75mm).
A.4. NATURAL HAZARDS

The municipality is erosion prone due to its critical slopes. The major eroded area is found
in the barangays of Bangad, Luplupa, Tulgao East, Dananao, and Sumadel area. It is also a flood
prone due to several bodies of water found which the element of flooding is. This hazard being
experienced during Typhon is overflowing of the river, brooks and creeks. The barangays
experiencing this flood is on the Chico riverside barangays Bugnay, Basao, Poblacion, Old
Tinglayan, Ambato- Legleg and Lower Bangad. On the Bunog brooks side barangays, Tulgao East
and West and Dananao.

The municipality has also natural environmental hazards. The dormant volcano at
mountain Sogo-oc located in the tribal boundary between Sumadel and Dananao near to the
Tulgao village overlooking the volcano and also located in the designated earthquake fault line
by the Philippine volcanology and Seismology (PHILVOCS).

A.5. POPULATION

A.5.a Total population size and historical growth

No legal records are in existence that documents the creation of the municipality and
municipal districts covered by early census. On June 25, 1963, Executive Order No. 42 converted
the district Tinglayan into regular municipality. However, it is believed the population size of
Tinglayan had been gradually increasing from time to time so with its population growth. It was
in the years 1980’s and 2000 that there was a slight increase in population and growth rate due
to trend of immigration of resident in the municipality of Tabuk (now Tabuk City) to look for
better opportunities. And in year 2007 the population decrease due to during the time of census,
criteria for inclusion was not favorable to those who temporarily emigrated/immigrated at their
job site and censual year 2010 increase again.

The average increase of population in percent maintained 1 % from 1970 to 2000. There
was a big decrease for censual year 2007 and again increase for year 2010 according to
enumeration conducted by NSO DepEd.

A.5.b. Population Composition and Distribution

A.5.b.1Urban/ Rural population distribution

For the year 2000, 2007 and 2010, it registered urban population of 804,865 and 833,
respectively. It reflects an increase trend in terms of its percentage to population, which is 1.07
% decrease in the last censual year to 1.03%. This may be attributed to the decreasing trend of
average household size of 5 per household due to reproductive health program.

Table 4. Population per Barangay

 2010
BARANGAY 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020
(Base Year)
Urban-
835 835 837 839 841 843 854
Poblacion
Sub-Total 835 835 837 839 841 843 854
Rural
Ambato-Legleg 434 444 454 464 475 486 544
Bangad Centro 610 612 614 616 618 620 630
Basao 1196 1201 1206 1211 1216 1221 1246
Belong Manubal 469 471 473 475 477 479 490
Bugnay 992 997 1002 1007 1012 1017 1043
Buscalan 703 715 727 739 751 763 829
Butbut Proper 580 582 584 586 588 592 601
Dananao 719 738 758 778 799 820 842
Loccong 495 496 497 498 499 500 510
Lower Bangad 879 882 885 888 891 894 910
Luplupa 521 522 523 524 525 526 536
Mallango 799 802 805 808 811 814 829
Ngibat 288 289 290 291 292 293 298
Old Tinglayan 306 307 308 309 310 311 316
Poblacion 833 835 837 839 841 843 854
Sumadel I 551 552 553 554 555 556 561
Sumadel II 535 536 537 538 539 540 545
Tulgao East 535 536 537 538 539 540 545
Tulgao West 556 556 581 597 613 629 718
Upper Bangad 556 557 559 561 563 565 576

Sub-Total 12557 12630 12730 12821 12914 12483 13423

Total
The Municipality is purely rural in terms of population density per square kilometer;
Poblacion is classified as urban being the center seat of government, commercial and education
center beside its established infrastructure support facilities.

A.5.b. 2. Population Density and Growth Rate

The Municipality population size of 14,164 as of May 1, 2000 has a population density of
43.34 person per square kilometer.

The high population densities are found in Bangad Centro and Poblacion. This is the
results of concentration of houses of the tribes before the division of Bangad into Three (3)
separate and distinct barangays, and the Poblacion being the growth center of the municipality.
 Table 5. Land area, population, density and growth rate (20)

Barangay Land Population 2000 Density Growth rate

area Sq.
Km
2000 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010
1.Ambato-Legleg 7.54 341 320 434 42.44 57.56 (.90) 2.4
2.Bangad Centro 3.51 676 601 610 171.22 173.79 (1.6) (1.02)
3.Upper Bangad 7.91 997 397 879 50.18 111.12 (12.3) (1.25)
4. Lower Bangad 10.05 556 848 556 84.37 55.32 6.2 0
5. Basao 35.49 1139 1236 1196 34.82 33.69 1.17 .48

6.Belong-Manubal 7.67 448 432 469 56.32 61.14 (.51) .45

7.Bugnay 26.79 936 917 992 34.22 37.03 (2.9) .58
8.Buscalan 7.96 592 640 703 80.40 88.31 1.12 1.73
9.ButBut proper 9.94 867 481 580 48.39 58.35 (8.07) (3.9)
10.Dananao 21.80 549 585 719 26.83 32.98 .91 2.73
11.Locong 24.95 822 497 495 19.91 19.83 (6.9) (4.9)
12.LupLupa 8.30 707 597 521 71.92 62.77 (2.3) (3.0)
13.Mallango 11.36 770 759 799 6681 70.33 (.20) .37
14.Ngibat 3.24 496 248 288 76.54 88.88 (9.4) (5.2)
15.Old Tinglayan 3.66 480 270 306 73.77 83.60 (7.8) (4.40)
16.Poblacion 4.19 804 865 833 206.44 198.80 1.05 .35
17.Sumadel I 12.40 961 444 551 35.80 44.43 (10.4) (5.41)
18.Sumadel II 12.65 874 498 535 39.36 42.92 (7.72) (4.78)
19.Tulgao East 25.65 699 533 535 20.77 20.85 (3.79) (2.6)
20.Tulgao West 81.74 450 451 551 5.51 6.74 .03 2.0
Total 326.80 14,164 11,619 12,552
Source: NSO 2000, 2007and 2010
Graph 9b. POPULATION DENSITY BY BARANGAY
6 Year
5
People / Sq. Km.

4
3
2
1
0
1.Ambato-Legleg

8.Buscalan
5. Basao

9.ButBut proper

14.Ngibat

15.Old Tinglayan

18.Sumadel II
10.Dananao

12.LupLupa

13.Mallango

19.Tulgao East
2.Bangad Centro

7.Bugnay

11.Locong

17.Sumadel I
4.Bangad Lower

6.Belong-Manubal

16.Poblacion

Barangay
 II- RISK PROFILE
A. DISASTER SITUATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TINGLAYAN, KALINGA

Tinglayan is prone to disasters, be they natural or man-made. Some causes of disaster are
related to geography, geology, climate or other factors related to social and culture.

1. Factors Contributing to Disaster

Disasters may be caused by nature (natural disaster) or human induce disaster. Following
are factors that may interact to cause disasters:

(a) Natural and human induce hazards, which the United Nations International Strategy
for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) classifies into geological hazards, hydro-meteorological hazards,
biological hazards, technological hazards and environmental degradation.

(b) High vulnerability of communities, infrastructure and elements in barangays at

disaster-prone areas

(c) Low capacity of elements within the community geographically. Tinglayan is a

Mountainous areas traversed by one fault line (see Kalinga hazard map Tinglayan grid).
Technically the Municipality located in the Luzon grid 121° 55’ longtitude and 17° 20’ latitude
approximately 69 kms. North-East of Tabuk City capital of the Kalinga province, and the
headwater of the Bonog River also traversed by the mighty Chico River, bounded by:

North: Municipality of Lubuagan, Kalinga Province

West : Municipality of Pasil, Kalinga and Boliney, Abra Province
South: Municipality of Sadanga, Mt. Province
East : Municipality of TanudanKalinga

There is no threat for a volcanic eruption of the Sogo-oc Volcano as it was a dormant
volcano ever since according to the Philippine Volcanologist and Seismologist (Philvolcs)
representative who visited the area during 1987, 7.2 intensity magnitude tectonic earthquake
that largely devastated Tinglayan which claim two lives of people and huge damage of properties.
Tinglayan is generally mountainous, characterized of slopes gradients ranging from 0-50 above
% with elevation ranging from 460 to 2,525 meters above sea level (masl).

Having 82% of the total land area as Mountain Soil with lush vegetation of varied species
of trees, grasses and other plants the effect of any natural calamities is lessened due to its balance
ecology.
 Two main natural bodies of water traversed the municipality and influencing
development, the Bonog River and the Chico River. Approximately 45 kilometers of these rivers
run through Tinglayan. In addition, numerous creeks and tributaries are presents in the
municipality. The Chico River links the provinces of Mt. Province, Kalinga Province and Cagayan
Province while the Bonog River originates from the Kawitan mountain system and drains its water
into the Chico River within Tinglayan territory. In addition 149 manmade Communal irrigation
System formed part as body of water of the municipality. This body of water during typhoon
storms contributes to the flooding and siltation of irrigations of the low lying areas and river
banks along the rivers.

In terms of land use, Tinglayan is still predominantly agricultural. Residential settlement

areas are located in the center of the villages within the ancestral domain of the sub-tribes. In
terms of land to population density, there is no high population density in all the villages except
that the houses are concentrated in the flat to undulating portion of the land due to limited space
and terrain factor and cultural barrier. This attributes considered as vulnerable to fire hazards
considering that high percentage of housing materials are made up of light materials.

Commercial areas are found in the Poblacion and dominant along barangays traversed by
the national road and terminal road end of barangay roads. The possible hazardous are posed by
transportation accident considering the road systems that are narrow and high elevations.

TOTAL ROAD NETWORK traversing the Municipality of Tinglayan is approximately 63.680 kms,
including Farm-To-Markets, Provincial road and National road, of which 33 % is national road (or
31 kms.) provincial road 0.006% (600 meters) and FMR is 34% (32.08 kms.). Roads are made of
26% concrete, 55% gravel and 19% earth. With rising economy however, it has given rise to
technological failure with often fatal consequences, e.g. transportation accidents and threat of
epidemics facilitated by increasingly easier movement of people.

2. Disaster Threats in the Municipality of Tinglayan

Disaster threat in the municipality varies from Typhoon storm signal 1-4, vehicular
accidents, fire incidents, landslides, earthquake and man-made disasters.

-Typhoon /Tropical Storm signals 1-4

There were numbers of typhoon storms struck the municipality since the 1970s to the
2000s but according to the old folks its only typhoon Illiang in October 15, 1997 that claims 15
lives of peoples in brgy. Bangad when the location of their shanties on their Sweden farm eroded
and went down to the Chico River and the swift current swelling water drown them to as far as
Faire Cagayan, and huge damaged of private and public facilities, utilities and houses of individual
persons blown away. This repeated occurrences yearly calamity every typhoon month during
August to November of the year is not true at present even December to January up to July the
municipality experienced typhoon storms in the municipality for the past decades. This is
attributed maybe to the so called climate change.

-Vehicular Accident

There were vehicular incidents that happened in the territorial jurisdiction of the
municipality, in the1960s at sitio Suyo, brgy. Poblacion which claims lives of people and many
injured passengers, 1970s at brgy. Bugnay which claims less than ten (10) lives of peoples and
injured many passengers, 1990s which almost all passengers of the Ford Fierra Jeep fell down to
the narrow road at the Piyas section brgy. Luplupa and many were dead and only few survived.

In May 5, 2003, the car that was driven by ABC Federation President Suplay at the Bugnay
to Buscalan road junction fell down to the Chico River, two of the passengers died while Hon.
Suplay Alunday was severely injured. The causes of the paralyzed body of Supply according to
Physician at St. Luke Medical Center, Quezon City is attributed to lack of skills among the
Municipal Disaster Coordinating Council responders in proper management of rescue and
retrieval operation / first aid and proper transportation of injured persons to hospitals for proper
management.

Last February 13, 2012, a vehicular accident that resulted to the death of Mr. Manuel Y.
Apil, a resident of Mabaay Sinto Mountain Province and caused the injury of Mr. Francis B.
Bodcan, the owner of the Elf- a vegetable dealer plying from Mountain Province to Tabuk Kalinga
and Mr. Alfonso Abod, the driver from Kabakad mankayan Benguet. The incident happened at
around 2:30 AM at Maswa, Basao Tinglayan. The responders from the PNP-Tinglayan brought
the victims to the Main Health Center where Mr. Manuel Apil was declared dead-on-arrival by
the attending physician. It was noted that the cause of accident was due to one lane and sharp
curve road.

Another road accident happened last March 28, 2012 when a motorcycle crashed in
Ngilin, Amabato Tinglayan. Mr. Ronando L. Gerardo and Mrs. Nelie Gerardo from Supang Bauko
Mt. Province were severely injured. Respondents from the PNP-Tinglayan led by SPO1 Ralph
Agod referred the victims to the Tinglayan Main Health Station for proper case management.
The accident was due to slippery road.

The latest incident happened last April 27, 2012 at Sitio Ampatingan Bangad, Tinglayan
when a motorcycle owned by Mr. Rolly Mamma of Tulgao West accidentally collided with the
Frontier Nissan pick-up driven by PS Joseph P. Bayangosan of the Provincial Headquarters. The
motorcycle was totally damaged and the driver, Mr. Rolly Mamma was referred to the Main
Health Station- Tinglayan and was brought to Tabuk Provincial Hospital for proper management.
The accident again is because of slippery road.

-Landslides
 Landslides in the municipality is widely scattered in all the surface of the municipality due
to susceptibility to erosion. Wide erosion is present in the road slopes especially the national
road triggered by SONA project. Erosion slides pose hazard risk to passer-by of the numerous trail
ways crisscrossing the municipality from farm to the settlement areas and outside the villages. It
is only in October 15, 1997 that 15 people died because of erosion/ landslides triggered by
typhoon Illiang in brgy. Bangad. Land slide triggered by typhoon storm yearly along the national
road exits made the Municipality of Tinglayan isolated from the rest of the world not only in days,
weeks but sometimes month, likewise inbound movement of vehicles within the municipality is
hampered also of this threats.

-Residential Fires

Fires are common threats during summer in the villages especially to those settlement
areas that are concentrated in a clustered manner due to limited space and customary practice
of tribal conflicts for safety purposes. There were no large catastrophe of fire happened for
almost three decade now. It is from 1980s back that fire incidents happened for some barangays
and at present, we can’t discount the probability of fire incidents because of the electrification
of all the barangays of the municipality.

-Earthquakes

Earthquakes with high intensity felt according to memory of those old folks only occur in
1949 and in 1987, in 1987 two people were dead one is buried on the ground covered by big
landslide at barangay Tulgao east and huge damaged of properties is recorded, this earthquake
is a tectonic earthquake identified by the representative of the Philvolcs who visited the area
after math of the earthquake. There is the probability of earthquake occurrence with high
intensity magnitude every after thirty eight year if timeline experience is to be believed.

-Epidemics Disease Outbreaks

Epidemics, disease outbreaks and extraordinary events are hazards caused by the spread
of communicable diseases in a certain areas. On a large scale, these may cause fatalities and
increase the number of infected persons. Diseases that are currently being watched in the
Municipality are dengue fever, measles, Poor environmental conditions, and climatic changes are
some of the contributing factors.

-Tribal Conflict

1980s to 2000s numerous tribal conflicts occurred, the intra tribal-inter tribal conflict
claim lives of peoples in the area. The worst is economic dislocation of the whole populace of the
affected sub-tribe during the period of the conflict especially if it is worsen to tribal war.