Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Th i i globalisation
Theorising l b li i
The World-Economyy Theoryy (=hyperglobalisationism):
( yp g )
– globalisation is a natural process of dispersion of capitalism, the world
is a market and labour force pool
– there exist core- , semi-peripheric-
p p and p
peripheric
p countries
The Regional Bloc Theory (=Global Scepticism):
– globalisation is a strategy of development of capitalism
– the rich get richer and the poor get poorer
The Third Way Theory (=Transformationalism):
– globalisation is an objectively existing process
– there is a need to protect diversity against homogenisation
– nation-states should be transformed to be able to face competition on
the world market
The World-Culture
World Culture Theory (=Homogenism):
– creation of a world culture is a part of globalisation, not its side-effect
– cultural homogenisation started in colonial times (exploration, trade,
evangelisation economic and cultural expansion)
evangelisation,
– European culture as a world norm (point of reference)
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What is globalisation?
„An English princess and her Egyptian lover perish in a car
crash inside a French tunnel while traveling in a German vehicle
with a Dutch engine driven by a Belgian, who had earlier had a sip
of Scottish whisky and was trying to elude their Italian paparazzi
pursuers driving
d i i a Japanese
J motorbike.
bik She
Sh is
i subsequently
b l
administered CPR by an American paramedic using Brazilian
pharmaceuticals.
And this text was written by a Filipino operating on technology
patented by Bill Gates, who had borrowed it from the Japanese. And
you're
you re probably sitting there reading this on a clone of the American
IBM that depends heavily on Taiwanese hardware and has a Korean
monitor assembled by Bangladeshi workers at a Singaporean
factory transported by truck by Indians,
factory, Indians stolen in an ambush
orchestrated by Indonesians and finally sold to your country of
residence by the Chinese.
THAT is globalization!”
☺ 4
B i i
Beginnings off globalisation
l b li i
5
3 i
3-minute phone
h call
ll New
N York
Y k – London
L d [$]
6
P
Passenger fli
flights
h
7
Tanzania 2004, A. Martinka 8
9
M li
Mali
11
E
Expansion
i off consumption
i culture
l
12
Gl b li i = Americanisation?
Globalisation A i i i ?
13
„The
The Americanisation of the world is a fact,
fact disregarded only by the
most adamant idealists who stand firm in their boat-rocking dream. [...]
America has prevailed, regardless of who or what appears on the
chessboard of the world in the coming centuries.
centuries It has prevailed and
prospered, perhaps not in the vein of Ancient Greece, but rather as an
entity more akin to a Rome Greek in spirit, but better organized in
practice.
i [...]
[ ] Even
E after
f Rome
R had
h d lost
l its
i youthful
hf l freshness
f h andd vigor,
i
the world continued to strive for a Roman way of life. [...]
Our ancestors undoubtedlyy bemoaned the cultural shallowness or
remoteness of Athens and, later on, Italia. Or the putridity of Paris. These
paradigms set the standard for the worlds of yesteryear and molded them
into their image not due to their own superiority or preeminence
preeminence, but
rather - and most importantly - because they were strong, able,
resourceful and because they looked toward the distant horizon with
determination Just like America.
determination. America ”
J. Surdykowski: McDonald’s, czyli wszędzie ta sama nuda?
(McDonald's, or: Same Old Thing, Everywhere?)
R
Rzeczpospolita
li 198,
198 25-26.08.2001r.,
25 26 08 2001 p.44
14
M D ldi i off the
McDonaldisation h world?
ld?
(S.Codrington,
Planet Geography) 15
The Big Mac Index
16
Kenya 2004, A. Martinka 17
Fez, Morocco
18
(S.Codrington, Planet Geography
World?
19
W ld - TNCs
World TNC
20
Gl b li i – global
Globalisation l b l process??
which of these brands originate
g from
– Africa?
– South America?
– Asia
A i (b(besides
id JJapan and dS
Southth K
Korea)?
)?
21
E
Economic
i powers off the
h world,
ld 2001
22
41.
23
A i l b li
Antiglobalists
24
25
(S.Codrington, Planet Geography)
26
Internet users – the world
27
Internet users – world regions
g
28
Mobile phones per 1000 inh. – world regions
29
Foreign aid - Uganda
30
Foreign „aid
aid” - Chad
33
Ad
Advantages off globalisation
l b li i
34
Disadvantages
g of globalisation
g
free movement of people
– f.e.
f e mass tourism and its negative consequences
– free exchange of people (migration: brain drain)
free (?) exchange of goods
– protection of EU farmers (300 bln $/year; 16x more than aid for Africa)
– weaker countries cannot successfully compete
local economic crises strike the whole world
diseases easily disperse
increase of crime, terrorism, smuggling of drugs and arms
economic neocolonialism
– commonwealths
lth
– subordination of weaker countries
– marginalisation of local companies by TNCs
offshoring
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Perspectives and evaluation
globalisation should be strengthened through:
– increase of information flows
– elimination of stereotypes and prejudices
– changeg of approach
pp to ‘the others’ ((competitor,
p , not enemy) y)
*******************************************************
globalisation should be limited and subordinated to a set of priorities:
– social
– cultural
– ecological
*******************************************************
an alternative to globalisation should be found:
– glocalisation
– alterglobalisation
– sustainable development
– some rules of globalisation should be adopted and the process should
further develop in a „golden straightjacket” (after T. Friedman)
36