Submitted by Naseem Jan, Amir Badeer and Faisal Ali

Submitted to Sir Ameer Baksh

Department Commerce
Assignment NO# First
Subject Economy of Pakistan
Topic Title Social problems of Pakistan
Date 27/11/2017
Semester 4th
As we all know, Pakistan is a developing country. No doubt, at present, the
country has caught up some serious issues which are causing Pakistan.
Pakistan has been declared Worst County in the world. The country has
been playing in the hands of dictatorship and dishonest so called
parliamentarians since its liberation. Pakistan is facing hundreds of
problems at this time, some of them are mentioned below.

Poverty

Terrorism

Food and water crisis

Population growth

Internal and international migration

Gender discrimination

Foreign loans

Child labor

Inflation

Injustice

Smuggling

Drug abuse

Drug Abuse

Drug abuse is considered a very serious issue in Pakistan where multiple

young and old are victim of it. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and
Crime, Pakistan has 6.7 million drug users. More than 4 million of these are
addicts, amongst the highest number for any country in the world. Abuse
of cannabis and heroin is rife in the country and the drugs are extremely cheap
and easy to get. Most of the drugs come from Afghanistan, the country that
is responsible for at least 75% of the world's heroin.[1] UNODC calculates that
more than 800,000 Pakistanis aged between 15 and 64 use heroin regularly.
It is also estimated that up to 44 tons of processed heroin are consumed
annually in Pakistan - a rate of use twice or thrice that of America's. A
further 110 tons of heroin and morphine from neighboring Afghanistan are
trafficked through Pakistan to international markets. Furthermore,
Pakistan’s illegal drug trade is believed to generate up to $2 billion a year.

Although, the increase in the problem has been alarming, the government
response has been minimal at best. Few programs are active in the country
to help drug addicts and smuggling and availability of the drugs in the
country has gone almost unchecked. Anti-Narcotics Force is the government
agency responsible for tackling drug smuggling and use within Pakistan.
But worryingly its performances are poor and not working seriously on the
matter.

Solution:

All those people and shops should be banned completely selling drugs and
most importantly Drug testing campuses are required in entire country to
make sure to keep the policy of the drug free, to keep the rate of drug
addicts in teenagers and old down and to improve the performance of
people in all sectors.

Smuggling;

As the Pakistan is rapidly growing more and more it is even becoming the
main center of smuggling as well. Smuggling is the illegal transportation of
objects, substances, information or people, such as out of a house or
buildings, into a prison, or across an international border, in violation of
applicable laws or other regulations.

Smuggling is a social problem of Pakistan where things which send to abroad destroy
the economy of Pakistan, it is the violation of code for which the boundary
between the neighboring countries is created. Smuggling is an economic
and social condition which destroy the business and trade of Pakistan. The
smuggling of raw material to other countries is actual problem for Pakistan
which destroys the industries and by this act the labors are becoming
jobless.
 According to a great survey, Pakistan is losing a staggering $2.63 billion
worth of revenue a year, due to smuggling of just 11 goods that are making
their way through porous borders and, more alarmingly, through high sea
and containerized cargo with full support of the state machinery, reveals a
highly confidential official report.

The losses were calculated by aggregating numerous customs duties and

state taxes as were applicable at the time of the study i.e. last year.

Solutions:

There are many possible and effective ways to curb smuggling across the
borders of Pakistan.

Where there is smuggling, deploy forces.

Erect border wires with more mini security check posts

Work on Foreign Policy to thrash out relations with the neighbor countries.

Indulge in giving opportunities relating to what actually is smuggling

through having analysis of why.

Negotiate on porous borders dispute through Table talks with neighbor

countries.

Foreign loans:

Beside other issues foreign loans are also considered a serious issue in
Pakistan. In Pakistan, external debt is a part of the total debt that is owed
to creditors outside the country.. This chart provides - Pakistan External
Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, and economic
calendar.
As per international standards, a country's gross financing need is an
aggregate of current account deficit plus debt servicing of the year. Based
on this standard, Pakistan's gross financing need for 2017-18 is about $18
billion (5.3% of GDP) rather than $31 billion (9% of GDP) as mentioned in
the said report. Thus, foreign debts are taking the country to back.

Solutions: To reduce the foreign debt, Pakistan needs the structural

changes in its economy. The reliance on external financing has rusted away
the country’s economic potential. To minimize the dependence on the
external hand, it needs to set its economy on the stable basis for growth,
getting off the roller coaster, reducing the imports and balance of payments
and diversifying resources for the export promotion. Hence, the structural
changes in economy will make it stable and reduce the possibility of foreign
debt.

Migration in Pakistan;

Since 1947 different people have migrated in Pakistan and still most of the
people leave the country just because multiple other issues and problems.
No doubt, Net migration rate: -1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016
est.) This entry includes the figure for the difference between the number
of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per 1,000 persons
(based on midyear population). An excess of persons entering the country
is referred to as net immigration (e.g., 3.56 migrants/1,000 population); an
excess of persons leaving the country as net emigration (e.g., -9.26
migrants/1,000 population). The net migration rate indicates the
contribution of migration to the overall level of population change. High
levels of migration can cause problems such as increasing unemployment
and potential ethnic strife (if people are coming in) or a reduction in the
labor force, perhaps in certain key sectors (if people are leaving).

Source: CIA World Factbook - This page was last updated on July 9, 2017

Solution:

The government should do its best to provide the basic rights of all citizens
since this leads people not to migrant internationally and internally.

Gender discrimination:

Gender discrimination is considered one of the biggest problems of

Pakistan where a number of women are being neglected from their basic
rights. The girls are not only facing problems in Pakistan but also they are
in discrimination everywhere in this entire world. But in Pakistan it is also
being increased day by day. Mostly, they are not allowed to go schools, if
they would be allowed to get education after matriculation no chance to go
for higher education. They are not allowed for continuing education as if
they don’t have any rights like boys have. Actually they are totally far from
schooling, getting less food as boys are getting and their ignorance will
certainly beget to forget our cause, which is still fractured in the regions. In
societies where a male child is regarded as more valuable to the family, girls
often are denied the right of life, denied the right to name and nationality.
And by being married off early or forced to stay at home and help in
domestic chores, girls are often denied the right to education and all the
advantages that go with it, the right to associate freely and the rights
accompanying unjustified deprivation of liberty. These all are basic
humiliation from family to girls when boys are regarded as the pillars of
tomorrow.

Women's education in Pakistan is a fundamental right of every female

citizen, according to article thirty-seven of the Constitution of
Pakistan,[1] but gender a secondary education in Pakistan, and public
expenditures on education amount to only 2.7% of the GDP of the country
discrepancies still exist in the educational sector. According to the
2011 Human Development Report of the United Nations Development
Program, approximately twice as many males as females receive a
secondary education in Pakistan, and public expenditures on education
amount to only 2.7% of the GDP of the country. In a survey by the Pakistan
Bureau of Statistics 2013-2014, it was reported that 26% of women are in the
labor force (approximately 15 million).

Solution:

The country should free the females in every sectors and they should be
allowed to get education freely like boys are getting. The 15 million female’s
outdoor working and they should be facilitated as well as they should be
brought in schools for the purpose of development of the country. The
government should make such rules for females must not be neglected, the
one who is doing injustice with them they should be punished.

Child labor:

Child labor is a big issue in Pakistan because a number of children are

working in different shops to get two time food. They have being facing
problem of food and because of poverty today they are compelled to go out
from home and work. Actually the children are considered the future of a
country and they are the lights of tomorrow in place of getting education,
working than how the country can be developed. According to the latest
figures of the survey, the department identified 10,347 brick kilns in Punjab
and a total of 126,779 children were identified at these sites. Out of the total,
the survey identified that 32,727 children were not attending schools.

Solution:

It is being considered the government failure to not bringing the children

in schools. The government should bring those students who are out from
the schools. Actually the children who are in process of working in different
organization, the government makes such rules for those organization,
institution and organization to not take them as employment. If they take
them the punishment from governmental side then the country can be
development by these children who are going to get education.
Increasing, injustice

Increasing injustice is a fully grown dilemma in Pakistan's society. There

are plenty of reasons of this prevailing inequality which is going to be
increasing day by day and because of this people suffered their life specially
the poor peoples and the reason which i want to high spot that the
unavailability of free judiciary system .The judiciary system is a backbone
of any country but in Pakistan the state of affairs is far different. The crime
and rate system is increasing day by day and also other social problems
which are a living example of in justice and the mostly victim of injustice
are women's and adolescent girls. The other fully grown gest problem in
Pakistan is corruption. One could hardly find any proper institution or
governing body which is free from this curse. Pakistan police is for the
protection of their people and to provide justice or to keep up the law and
order in the country but regrettably they are doing opponent things and
consider to be the most corrupt institute in Pakistan.

There are many cases reported where police imprisons innocent people
while releases the culprits for bribing the money. The target killing in
Karachi and the justice in Muzaffarghar are the major examples of injustice
just because of law and order maintaining institute are failed to cope up the
state of affairs for a thirstier period of time. we have seen so many criminal
acts in our society a lots of people survive their life and facing so many
problems just because of injustice. They are mentally, physically suppressed
and they perpetrate down their rights to get the power or authority. The
middle class people are pissed -off by powerful people they can’t even stood
for their rights because the power has been stolen from them and always
the poor people will be survive.

If we go through in the past history of Pakistan we have seen so many cases related
to in justice, like we see those buried faces of girls who have no place in our society
and they brutally treated. No one is there to listen their rickety voice just because of
being poor or born in a poor family.the innocent people were viciously killed for
nothing or without any reason they are to be victims of terrorists without
any discrimination of age group, thousands, hundreds of women are
murdered, kidnapped in Pakistan every year. No one even noticed or care
aboutit.

Solution:

The government should stop the criminal who are killing the innocent
people in the country and the government should take out those officers
and employees who are terribly doing corruption. The women had better
get good respect in the country because they are being ignored and not
facilitated, the government should being motivating them as shape of gifts
and protect the people in the country.

Pakistan Core Inflation Rate

Core Inflation Rate in Pakistan increased 5.30 percent in October of 2017

over the same month in the previous year. Core Inflation Rate in Pakistan
averaged 7.57 percent from 2010 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 11.40
percent in June of 2012 and a record low of 3.40 percent in September of
2015
Solution:

The inflation increases in Pakistan because of supplying of more

money in market. Simply, in the market money is surplus that’s why the
prices of material changes their prices and the government did not go for
checking the prices in a proper way that’s why the inflation came. The
government stop the supply of more money and bring those surplus money
from market as shape of issue bonds and once again go for chickening the
prices in a proper way.

Terrorism

Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence
as a means to create terror, or fear, to achieve a political, religious or ideological aim.

Terrorism in Pakistan has become a major and highly destructive phenomenon in

recent years Terrorism pakistan plays a key and highly conflicted—role in the global
war or terror.today terrorism is threatening the very roots and fabric of pakistan’s
nationhood . More tragically, trrorism in pakistan draws its justification from the
very faith which provides the country its ideological bases

Fatalities in Terrorist Violence in Pakistan 2003-2017

Civilians Security Terrorists/Insurgents Total

Force
Personnel

2003 140 24 25 189

2004 435 184 244 863

2005 430 81 137 648

2006 608 325 538 1471

2007 1522 597 1479 3598

2008 2155 654 3906 6715

 2009 2324 991 8389 11704

2010 1796 469 5170 7435

2011 2738 765 2800 6303

2012 3007 732 2472 6211

2013 3001 676 1702 5379

2014 1781 533 3182 5496

2015 940 339 2403 3682

2016 612 293 898 1803

2017 483 192 467 1142

Total* 21972 6855 33812 62639

*Data till November 19, 2017

Solutions

1. The real solution is to kill the root of terrorism and systematically change the
attitude of those people’s who are involved in terrorism
2. Military operations against terrorist are also very necessary
3. Education, justice, pour politics can stop the terrorism

The poverty:

The state of being inferior in quality or insufficient in amount.

According to the report, nearly 39 percent of Pakistanis live in multidimensional
poverty, with the highest rates of poverty in FATA and
Baluchistan. Pakistan's MPI showed a strong decline, with national poverty
rates falling from 55% to 39% from 2004 to 2015.
The main reason of poverty in Pakistan is, the citizens are not being equally treated.
Share of Population below the National Poverty Line (%)

Country 2015

Afghanistan 39.1

Armenia 29.8

Azerbaijan 4.9

Georgia 20.1

Kazakhstan 2.7

Kyrgyz Republic 32.1

Pakistan 29.5

 Govt shares provisional summary results from recently-concluded sixth

Housing and Population Census Pakistan’s current total population has
soared to 207.744520 million with an average annual growth rate of 2.4 percent
from calendar year 1998, as recorded in recently-concluded sixth Housing and
Population Census. According to provisional summary results of the census which
 were presented in the Council of Common Interests on Friday, this population
number included 132,189,531 rural and 75,584,989 urban population, showing an
overall population growth at 57 percent during the period 1998-2017.The figures
recorded in the census also showed 2.23 percent growth in rural areas and 2.7
percent in urban areas during these years as the male population at present
stands at 106,449,322 with the female population at 101,314,780, and the
population of transgender at 10,418.As per the provincial break-up, Punjab has
population of 110,012,442 individuals with annual growth of 2.13 percent from
the period 1998-2017. The rural population of Punjab stands at 69,625,144 and
urban 40,387,298, showing annual average growth of 1.81 percent and 2.74
percent.

The total population of Sindh province stands at 47,886,051, a growth of 2.41 percent,
with 22,975,593 rural population and 24,910,485 urban population, indicating a
growth rate of 2.36 percent and 2.46 percent respectively. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has
population of 30,523,371, showing average growth rate of 2.89 percent over a period
from 1998-2017.

Solutions:

• The problem has now reached a critical decision-making stage. There

should be population control according to resources. State and people
should seriously plan to resolve this issue without any delay.

Beggars in Pakistan:

Pakistan is facing street begging at an alarming ratio and is flooded with all varieties
of beggars. They can be seen easily everywhere either at public parks, at signals, at
streets, on roads even on sea-fronts. The reason behind begging is poverty and
joblessness. Our country is suffering from poverty which has forced people to beg.
Hundreds of people commit suicide and hundreds of people kill their children. Many
people have adopted it as a profession and can earn money easily than a normal
person. Due to this reason people, who are physically fit, are usually seen begging on
the streets. This profession now has become an industry in which men, women and
children are involved and trained as well. They can easily earn 1000 to 1500 rupees
per day and have to handover their earnings to mafia.
Some people beg at their own risk. Due to joblessness and poverty they begin to beg.
By considering this we have to plan Zakat funds for these needy people and must stop
them to adopt it as a profession. There are many needy people who are forced to turn
to begging but in many cases the beggar mafia uses children for squeezing money
from people in the name of Charity. As there is no separate act for stopping begging,
the mafia ?are encouraged to earn money by using disabled children. This profession
is increasing day by day and behind this reason our people are also responsible.
People instead of bringing beggars on the right path feel pity on them and give money.
As begging starts with poverty and unemployment, govt should? Address the issue
through education and implementation of laws. It is government duty to make some
policies for street begging and provide job opportunities to those who are not well
educated. According to the United Nations, around 49 percent of the estimated 180
million population of Pakistan live in poverty….

Solutions.

Providing basic rights and needs etc.

Govt concentration.

Water and food crisis:

The major threat that Pakistan faces today is not Islamist terrorism but water
scarcity. While the former makes headlines all over the world, the latter is an issue
that is hardly discussed in the national and international media or by policymakers.
But a recent UNDP draft report on the water crisis in Pakistan sheds light on a
serious, albeit much-neglected, conflict the South Asian country is grappling with.

Climate change and poor management

Pakistan has the world's fourth highest rate of water use. Its water intensity rate -
the amount of water, in cubic meters, used per unit of GDP - is the worlds highest.
This suggests that no country's economy is more water-intensive than Pakistan's.
According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Pakistan is already the third
most water-stressed country in the world. Its per capita annual water availability is
1,017 cubic meters - perilously close to the scarcity threshold of 1,000 cubic meters.
Back in 2009, Pakistan's water availability was about 1,500 cubic meters
Yet, Pakistan blames India for its water crisis. The country's authorities say that
New Delhi is not fulfilling its responsibilities under the Indus Waters Treaty -
brokered by the World Bank in 1960 - as they voice concerns over India's construction
of new dams. Like militancy, a water crisis could threaten the legitimacy of the
government and state
Recently, Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif took up the dams issue with the
World Bank. Sharif urged the Bank to play a "lead role" in resolving the water
disputes between Pakistan and India by establishing a Court of Arbitration. But the
international community, as well as the UNDP, holds Pakistan responsible for the
dispute.

Conclusion;

Thus the country is still in war due to these issues where it is ranked in the world a
very backward country. The leaders and politicians are working seriously to solve the
issues for a peaceful and a bright country.

References;
Internet (various websites)

Book (Pakistan affairs)

Senior friends etc.