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Ties are tensioned reinforcements anchored and lapped mechanically or welded. Types of ties in
building construction, their design and uses are discussed.
Ties are continuous tensioned reinforcements which are completely anchored and sufficiently
lapped mechanically or using weld. There are various types of building ties used for various
purposes. These types of ties are shown in figure-1.
Fig.1: Different Types of Ties Used in Building Illustrated in a Typical Floor Plan
o Peripheral ties
o Internal ties
o Horizontal column and wall ties
o Vertical ties
Peripheral ties must withstand a tensile force equal to the lesser of 60KN or an amount computed
according to the following equation.
Design tie force = 2Ft or (floor to ceiling height in m / 2.5) Ft -> Equation-4
The smaller value is selected from equation-4
Design tie force = Three percent of the total ultimate vertical load in the wall or column at that
level -> Equation-5
Horizontal ties should be provided in two directions at approximately right angle for corner
columns.
Read More:
References:
1. A. ALLEN. Reinforced Concrete Design to BS 8110 Simply Explained. [S.l.]: CRC Press.
2. IS. Indian Standard. [S.l.]. 2011. (15916).
3. O BROOKER. How to design concrete buildings to satisfy disproportionate collapse requirements. The Concrete Centre.
Surrey, p. 3-5. 2008.
4. S.S RAY. Reinforced concrete: analysis and design. Oxford: Blackwell Science , 1995