PRESENTATION ON

“BASICS OF A TRACTOR”

BASICS OF A TRACTOR
 INTRODUCTION
The “Presentation on Basics of A Tractor” has been
made for Easy Understanding of the Basic Functions &
Operation of Major Components in a Tractor . The Data
has been collected from various sources and may not
pertain to Mahindra Tractor. This data has been taken
for explaining the concept and function of the
respective Component. Where ever Possible Part Nos.
are Provided for better Understanding and may differ
from Tractor to Tractor.

BASICS OF A TRACTOR
 INDEX
S.NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.
1. Introduction of a Tractor 01-04
2. Engine 05-07
3. Basic Principle of an Engine 08-11
4. Components, Functions & Systems of an Engine 12-60
5. Transmission ( Gear Box, Differential & Rear Axle) 61-90
6. Clutch & Clutch Components 91-92
7. Brake & Brake Components 93-94
8. Hydraulics - Components of Hydraulic Circuit 95-102
9. H2 Hydraulics - Circuits 103-105
10. H1 Hydraulics - Parts & Circuits 106-109
11. Hydraulics - Linkages & Other Components 110-114
12. Steering & Front Axle 115-119
BASICS OF A TRACTOR
 TRACTOR
The Term Tractor has been derived from
“Traction Motor”.As the name suggests the
Tractor is an Motor which uses Traction to
Pull Implements or Loads. It has two Big
Rear Wheels which give it traction to enable
it to work in the fields, where other vehicles
with higher power cannot function.

The Front wheels are small to enable

Maneuverability.
BASICS OF A TRACTOR 1
 Applications of an Tractor
Tractor is a multi Purpose Vehicle
which can be invariably used for almost
all Farming Operations.The major
Applications are :
• Field Implements
• Haulage
• Special Applications

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 2
 IMPLEMENTS
• Lifting Implements :
• Sub Soilers
• Tillers / Cultivators
• Ploughs
• Levellers
• Seed Drills
• Trailing Implements :
• Harrows

OTHER APPLICATIONS
• Puddling
• Threshing
• Rotavator
• Post Hole Digger
• Loader
• Dozer
BASICS OF A TRACTOR 3
 Aggregates of an Tractor

The major aggregates of an Tractor are :

 Engine

• Transmission
• Brakes & Clutch
• Hydraulic
• Front Axle & Steering

BASICS OF A TRACTOR 4
ENGINE

BASICS OF A TRACTOR 5
Types of Heat Engines :

External Combustion Engine

Internal Combustion Engines

Classes of I.C. Engines :

Reciprocating
Rotary ( Gas Turbines )
BASICS OF A TRACTOR 6
Types of Reciprocating Engines :

• Compression Ignition Engines

• Spark Ignition Engines

BASICS OF A TRACTOR 7
 BASIC PRINCIPLE OF 4 – STROKE COMPRESSION
IGNITION RECIPROCATING ENGINE

INTAKE / SUCTION STROKE

Air is sucked in to the cylinder

due to the vaccum created by
the down ward movement of
the Piston ( T.D.C. to B.D.C. )
through the Inlet Valve, which
is open through out this stroke.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 8
 COMPRESSION STROKE

The Piston rises from B.D.C. to

T.D.C, in a Compression
Stroke.At this point both the
valves are closed.Thus the Air
which entered the Cylinder
During Suction gets compressed
to Pressures around 30 – 40 Kg
/ Cm2 and simultaneously the
Temperature Rises to around 650
– 800 Degree Centigrade.

BASICS OF A TRACTOR 9
 EXPANSION / POWER
STROKE
As the piston reaches T.D.C. the
Injector sprays Diesel in to the
Cylinder (Combustion Chamber
). The high temperature of the
Air Ignites the fuel and
combustion takes place, which
will further boost up the
pressure and pushes the Piston
Downwards.Since Power is
generated during this stroke this
stroke is termed as Power
Stroke.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 10
 EXHAUST STROKE
The Exhaust valve Opens and
and Combustion Gas is
discharged through the Exhaust
Valve as the Piston Moves from
B.D.C to T.D.C. thus completing
one whole cycle of four
strokes.Thus this is termed as
“Four Stroke Engine”.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 11
 TYPES OF COMBUSTION CHAMBER.

Direct Combustion Chambers

In this type The Injector Sprays Diesel Directly in to the

Combustion Chamber ( Hemispheric Type , Reentrant Type
Etc., ) on the Piston

In Direct Combustion Chambers

In this type The Injector Sprays Diesel in to the Pre-

Combustion Chamber where the Diesel is mixed with Air.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 12
 CYLINDER HEAD
The Cylinder Head is located
over the Cylinder Block. This
forms the Top Cover of the
Cylinder and Holds Valves,
Injector, Water Jackets for CYLINDER HEAD - 0022125RD
Cooling.
CRANKCASE / BLOCK
The Cylinder Block ( Top
Portion ) along with Crank
Case ( Bottom Portion ) forms
the main Body of the Engine.
Cylinder Block houses the
Cylinder Liners, The
Crankcase Holds the Crank
Shaft & Cam Shaft by means
of Bearings & Bushes. CRANKCASE - 5552979R91
5553061R91 / 5552981R91
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 13
 CYLINDER LINER

WET LINER
A Wet Liner forms a complete
Cylinder.It is provided with a
flange which fits in to the groove
in the cylinder Block.At the
bottom of the Liner grooves are
provided for Rubber “O” Rings
for sealing the water Leak.The
liner is in direct contact with
cooling water, hence this is
known as wet Liner.
.
CYLINDER SLEEVE
5555531R1 / 1099443R2
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 14
 DRY LINER
A Dry Liner is made in the
shape of a barrel having a
flange at the Top which keeps in
position in to the Cylinder
Block.This type of liner is
inserted in the Worn Cylinder
Bore after Machining thus it
does not come in direct contact
with Cooling Water.Hence is
known as Dry Liner.
.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 15
 PISTON
Piston receives the force from
the Combustion with in the
Cylinders. When piston is
forced downward.It transmits
the motion through a
Connecting Rod to the Crank
Shaft.Piston has Grooves in
which Piston Rings are
Mounted.Ring Carrier cast Iron
Inserts in Top Piston Grooves
are provided to avoid Groove PISTON ASSLY
Damage due to High 5554074R91 / 5554075R91
Temperatures.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 16
 PISTON RINGS
Piston Rings are used to
maintain a tight seal in the
Combustion Chamber during
the combustion and Power
Strokes.It also scrapes the Oil
from the Cylinder Wall and
prevents it from entering in to
the Combustion Chamber and
also helps to transmit the
greater portion of Piston Heat to
Cylinder Walls.
PISTON RING SET
There are two Types of
5551030R91 / 5551993
Piston Rings :
• Compression Rings.
• Oil Control Ring.
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 17
 COMPRESSION RINGS

The function of compression

rings is to prevent gas Leakage
during Compression and Power
Strokes.These rings are
installed in the grooves at upper
part of the Piston.The Piston
Rings are provided with Butt
Joints, hence the rings should
be placed 120 Degrees apart in
order to prevent Compression
Leak.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 18
 OIL CONTROL RINGS

The Oil Control Ring serves to

scrape excess oil from the cylinder
Wall so as to prevent it from entering
in to the Combustion Chamber. A
channel is cut around the oil ring and
slots provided at equal distances in
the channel for Oil Return.Holes are
provided in the piston Groove to
enable the scrapped Oil to pass
through the ring and piston Hole and
return to the crankcase.A self
tensioning Coil Spring is provided in
the Piston Ring for higher surface
specific pressure and better
conformability with even worn and
distorted Cylinder Bores.
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 19
 GUDGEON PIN ( PISTON PIN)

The purpose of a Gudgeon Pin

is to connect the Piston with the
Upper End of the Connecting
Rod ( Small End ).Each end of
the Gudgeon Pin fits in to the
Piston Bosses.The centre of
the Pin fits through the Upper
End of the Connecting Rod.This
arrangement allows the
Connecting Rod to move back
and forth on the Piston Pin.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 20
 CONNECTING ROD
The Connecting Rod attached to the Piston by the Piston Pin,
converts reciprocating Motion of the piston to a rotary motion of the
crankshaft. The connecting Rod is continuously subjected to
repeated compressive and tensile Loads, therefore is made of
forged steel and is made in to I-Section to with stand these
Loads.The part of Connecting Rod that is joined to the Piston Pin is
called the Small End. And the part that is joined to the Crank Shaft
is called Big End.
Types :
• Oblique Split.
• Straight Split.

CON ROD ASSLY – 22159RD

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 21
 CAMSHAFT

The Opening and closing of the Valves are performed by the

rotational motion of the Cams provided on the Cam Shaft at
a predetermined timings.Tappets located on top of each cam
moves Up & Down by following the shapes of the Cam.Push
Rods which are seated in the Tappet are pushed by Cam
Shaft to open each Valve against the Tension of the Valve
Springs for the required Interval.Once released the Valves
will close against the Valve Spring Tension.

CAM SHAFT - 22104RD

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 22
 VALVES
The Valves which allows air to enter inside the cylinder is
known as Inlet Valve and the valve which allows the
Exhaust Gases to escape is known as the Exhaust Valve.
The Upper part of the Valve is known as the Head.Its
face is ground at an angle at the Outer Edge as specified
by the Manufacturers.When valve is closed it sits closely
on its seat.The seats are either cut in the cylinder head or
steel inserts are pressed in the cylinder head.The seats
are machined at an angle to match the angle of the valve
for proper tight sealing.The inlet valve usually has larger
diameter head than the exhaust valve for good
Volumetric efficiency.
The longer part of the valve is known as valve stem
which moves in the guide.At the end of the stem grooves
are provided for collets for Locking.Oil Seals are provided
on top of the guide to prevent oil leakage through the
Guides.

VALVE – 5555185R91
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 23
 VALVE TIMING
Theoretically the Inlet Valve should open at T.D.C. and close at
B.D.C.Similarly the exhaust valve should open instantaneously
at B.D.C. and should remain open till the piston reaches T.D.C.,
where it must close.But in practice due to inertia the valves
cannot open instantaneously and time has to be allowed for the
intake and exhaust processes to complete.Hence Inlet Valve
opens before T.D.C (Called Valve Lead) and close after B.D.C. (
Called Valve Lag ).Similarly exhaust Valve Opens before B.D.C.
and closes After T.D.C. Hence both Inlet & Exhaust Valve are
simultaneously open for certain period called Valve Over Lap.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 24
FIP TIMING TDC VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM
13 – 20 Deg
BTDC
1. EXHAUST VALVE CLOSES
AT 10 Deg ATDC

4. INLET VALVE OPENS AT

9 Deg BTDC

2. INLET VALVE CLOSES AT

35 Deg ABDC

3. EXHAUST VALVE OPENS

AT 42 Deg BBDC

BDC
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 25
 VALVE MECHANISM

The Valves are opened and closed

according to the valve timing
Diagram.The cam shaft which is
run through timing gear rotates at
one half the number of rotations to
that of the Crankshaft.The Cam
Lobe pushes the Tappet which in
turn pushes the Push Rod which
lifts one end of Rocker Arm.The
other end pushes down the valve
and causes it to open.when the
cam turns further the valve is
closed by spring tension.
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 26
 CRANK SHAFT
The crank shaft receives power
from the piston through connecting
Rod in Power stroke and transmits
the power to the drive train of the
Equipment.It uses some of the
power to return the piston to the top
of the cylinder in the other stroke to
produce continuous motion.The
Crank rotates on the Journals
mounted in the Crank Case in the
Bearings.Crank Pins are offset on
which the Connecting Rods are
mounted.Since Crank shaft pins are
offset, Excessive vibrations are
generated to eliminate these
vibrations Crank shaft is provided CRANK SHAFT – 15602RD /
with Balance / Counter Weights ( 22121RD / 5553039R11
either integral or Separate )
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 27
 CRANK SHAFT
The crank shaft has drilled oil passage through which oil
can flow from the main bearing to the big end bearings.The
front end of the shaft has gear, that drives the cam shaft &
Fuel Pump through idler gear.Pulley is provided on the
crank shaft to drive Water Pump & Dynamo.The rear end of
the Crank Shaft has a Fly wheel which tends to keep the
crankshaft turning at constant speed.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 28
 BEARINGS
The Bearings are used in the
main journals & Crank pins to
allow forming a suitable oil film to
reduce losses due to friction.

The Bearings which are used on

the main journals are known as
Main Bearings, the bearings
used on the Crank Pin are termed
as Big End Bearings.These MAIN BEARING SET

bearings are split type and are

made very thin alloy lining applied
on copper or steel backed
surface hence are termed as
Bimetal Bearings.
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 29
 FLYWHEEL
The Purpose of a fly wheel which is
made of cast Iron and is bolted on the
rear end of the crankshaft is to store
up energy necessary to carry the
Engine over the points at which it is
not receiving the power Impulse from
the combustion.
The size of flywheel varies with the
No. of cylinders and general
construction of the Engine.
The flywheel is connected to the self FLYWHEEL ASSLY
starter by a ring gear for cranking.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 30
 SECTIONAL VIEWS OF AN ENGINE

ENGINE ASSLY – 5554114R91 / 6002230A91

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 31
 OPERATING SYSTEMS OF AN ENGINE

• Lubrication System
• Cooling System
• Air Filtration System
• Fuel Injection System

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 32
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM
The basic purpose of an lubrication system is to reduce wear
and friction between moving parts. The other functions of an
lubricant are :
• Lubricate moving parts to minimise Wear & Power loss
from friction.
• Remove heat from Engine Parts by acting as a cooling
Agent.
• Absorbs shocks between Moving parts to reduce Engine
Noise.
• Forms a good seal between Piston Rings and cylinder
Walls.
• Acts as a Cleaning Agent.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 33
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM (CONTD..,)
Types of Lubricating Systems :
• Force Feed
• Splash

Force Feed : In this system, the Engine parts are

lubricated by Oil fed under pressure from Oil Pump.The
Oil pump delivers Oil to the main gallery.The oil from the
main gallery goes to the main bearings having grooves
that feed oil in to drilled holes in the crank shaft.The oil
flows through these holes to the connecting Rod
Bearings.In O.H.V. Engines, oil is fed under pressure to
the valve mechanisms in the cylinder Head.
Cylinder Walls are lubricated by splashing Oil thrown off
by Connecting rod Bearings.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 34
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM (CONTD..,)

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 35
 SUMP OIL PUMP

FILTER

MAIN GALLERY

1ST MB 2ND MB 3RD MB 4TH MB 5TH MB

• 1ST CB 2ND CAM BUSH

• CAM BUSH
4TH CB
• IDLER GEAR 2ND CB CYLINDER HEAD 3RD CB
CAM BUSH
& GEAR TRAIN
ROCKER SHAFT

SUMP

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 36
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM (CONTD..,)
Splash System : In this system oil is splashed
from the oil pan in to the Lower part of the
crankcase.Usually the connecting rod has a
dipper that dips in to the oil sump each time
the piston reaches the B.D.C.this splashes the
Oil ( this system is prevalent in Smaller
Engines – Especially 2 Wheeler Engines ).In
most of the Engines the Oil is splashed by
crankshaft webs.The piston , Cylinder Liners
etc., are lubricated by this system.
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 37
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM
(CONTD..,)

Engine Oil Pump :

The Engine Oil Pump draws Oil
from the Oil Sump pressurises
it and feeds it to the Main
Gallery from where the oil
circulates to other parts of the
Engine.

The most common types of

Engine Oil Pumps are :
• Gear Type
• Rotor Type OIL PUMP ASSLY – 1127750R93

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 38
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM (CONTD..,)
Gear Type :
This type of Pump uses a pair of meshing
Gears.As gears rotate , the space
between the gear teeth are filled with Oil
from the Oil Inlet.As the teeth meshes,
the oil is forced out through the Oil Outlet.

Rotor Type :
This type of pump uses an inner Rotor
and an outer Rotor.The inner Rotor is
driven and it makes the outer rotor to run
with it.During this process the spaces
between the rotor lobes are filled with
oil.When lobes of then inner rotor move
in to the spaces in the Outer Rotor, the oil
is squeezed out through the Out Let.
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 39
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM (CONTD..,)
Relief Valve
The relief valve maintains the pressure of the Oil system.This
helps in avoiding the Excessive pressure in the system.The
relief valve in simple form is a spring loaded Ball / Plunger.
When the pressure increases above the optimum, the ball or
plunger is moved against its spring, this opens up a passage
through which oil can flow back to the Oil Sump.Once the
pressure is reduced the Plunger or Ball comes back to its
original position.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 40
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM (CONTD..,)
Oil Filter
In all Automotive Engine lubricating
System, filter is used to clean the Oil
and prevent the Foreign material from
entering in between the moving parts,
which may damage them.The filter
which cleans all the oil in circulation is
known as full flow Filters.This has a
spring loaded By Pass Valve.This
protects the Engine against Starvation
in case filter is clogged.When this
happens, the valve is opened and the
Oil by Passes the filter.The Engine thus
receives sufficient Oil.How ever this
situation is not safe as this will allow
unfiltered oil in to the system, which
may damage the internal Parts of the
Engine. SPIN ON FILTER – 5557147R91
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 41
 COOLING SYSTEM
All the heat generated by the combustion of fuel in the cylinder
of an Engine is not converted in to useful
Power.Approximately 25 % is utilised effectively – which is
the Thermal efficiency of an Engine.About 45 % is lost in
exhaust gases and friction and 30 % is absorbed by the
Engine.
The heat absorbed by the Engine if not dissipated will lead
Over Heating and result in burning of the lubricant there by
causing seizure ( Piston, Bearing etc.,) Excessive heat may
damage other parts as well.
Cooling system is provided to dissipate the excess heat from
the cylinder wall, in order to maintain the temperature below
certain limits.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 42
 COOLING SYSTEM (Contd..,)

Types of Cooling Systems :

• Air Cooling
• Water Cooling
Air Cooling

In Air Cooling the Cylinders and Heads are made of

Aluminum Alloys ( For faster heat dissipation ) & are
provided with Fins ( for higher contact Area ).In bigger
Engines Blowers are provided to Blow Air through
specially designed Ducts.The air absorbs the heat from
the Fins and is pushed out in to the atmosphere thus
cooling the Engine.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 43
 COOLING SYSTEM (Contd..,)
Water Cooling
In Water cooling systems the cylinders are surrounded by
water Jackets through which the cooling water flows.The
water absorbs the heat from the Engine and gets
heated.The hot water is cooled by means of an radiator.
The Water Cooling system consists of Water Pump,
Radiator, Thermostat, Fan & Hoses.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 44
 COOLING SYSTEM (Contd..,)
Water Pump
Centrifugal Type Water Pumps are generally used for
Engine Cooling.The Pump is mounted at the front
end in between the Block and the Radiator. The
pump consists of a housing with a water inlet, Outlet
& Impeller.The impeller is a flat plate mounted on the
pump shaft with a series of Blades.When the
Impeller rotates, the Water between the blades is
thrown outward by centrifugal force.The Water is
forced through the pump Outlet and in to the cylinder
Block.The pump inlet is connected by a hose to the
bottom of the radiator.Water from the radiator is
drawn in to the pump to replace the water forced
through the Outlet.
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 45
 COOLING SYSTEM (Contd..,)

Water Pump
The Impeller shaft is supported on one or more
bearings, A Seal prevents coolant from leaking out
around the bearing.The pump is driven by a belt
through the drive pulley mounted on the Crank Shaft.

WATER PUMP ASSLY – 5554716R93

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 46
 COOLING SYSTEM (Contd..,)
RADIATOR
Radiator cools the water which gets
hot by absorbing the Heat from the
Engine.The Radiator consists of
Upper Tank, the Lower Tank & the
Core in between.The Hot water
enters the Upper Tank from the
Upper Hose.The upper tank is also
provided with a radiator cap for
adding fresh water in case of
loss.The core consists of many
tubes through which water water
passes as it goes from upper tank to
lower tank, dissipating heat to the
fins provided around the tubes.The
fins are cooled by means of Air
forced on to them by the Fan which
RADIATOR ASSLY
is driven by the water pump pulley. 5551475R91 / 5551940R92
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 47
 COOLING SYSTEM (Contd..,)
RADIATOR PRESSURE CAP
To improve efficiency and prevent
evaporation, radiators are provided
with Pressure Caps.The use of this
caps increases the system
pressure thus increasing the RADIATOR CAP
6001118R91 / 20867E05
Boiling point of water.The Radiator
Cap works as a pressure Valve
cum Vaccum Valve.If the pressure
rises above the optimum, the Valve
Opens and the pressure is
released. In case of drop in
pressure the vaccum valve opens
and air is sucked in.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 48
 COOLING SYSTEM (Contd..,)

THERMOSTAT
The Efficiency of an Engine is highest when the
temperature is approximately 86 to 100 Degree
Centigrade.Therefore it is important to reach this
temperature as soon as possible after the Engine is
started.The thermostat is designed to maintain the
temperature of the coolant with in desired range.The
thermostat opens and closes according to the coolant
temperature.When the Water temp. is low ( below 85
deg.) the thermostat prevents the water from entering
the Radiator, thus the water circulates with in the
Engine and gets heated.Once the temp of 85 Deg is
reached the Thermostat is opened and the water flows
to the radiator for getting cooled.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 49
 COOLING SYSTEM (Contd..,)
THERMOSTAT
There are 2 types of thermostat valves
Bellow Type : Wax Type:
In this type a volatile liquid such as The wax type is
ethyl or methyl Alcohol is taken in a commonly used, which
brass Bowl, when temperature is low utilises the
the bellow contracts and closes the temperature expansion
valve.At high temperatures the liquid property of Wax to
volatizes, thus expanding the Bellows open and close the
which opens the valve Valve

THERMOSTAT VALVE
5556450R91 (82 DEG.)

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 50
 AIR FILTRATION SYSTEM
The purpose of an Air filtration system is to send dust free air
in to the Combustion Chamber.
The main Components of an Air Filtration System are :
1.Pre Cleaner
2.Air Cleaner
Pre-cleaner : Pre-cleaner is mounted on
the Extension Pipe above the Air Cleaner
assembly which is located in front of
Radiator Assly.Vanes on the base of the
pre-cleaner induce rotary motion to the air
stream as the air enters the inlet at high
Speed.Centrifugal Forces cause the
heavier dust and other foreign matter to be
thrown in to the space between the inner
and Outer Shells.The pre-cleaned air then
passes to the Oil bath Air Cleaner. PRE CLEANER ASSLY – 6000267R91
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 51
 AIR FILTRATION SYSTEM Contd..,
Air cleaner : There are two types of Air Cleaners :
• Oil Bath Type
• Dry Type
Oil Bath Type : Air Enters at the top of the Air Cleaner through a duct
to the surface of the Oil Bath Bowl where it is deflected Upward after
Ramming with inner Cup.
The dust and foreign material is caught in
the Bowl at this point due to velocity and
abrupt change in direction of Air Flow.The
air passes upward through the filter carrying
Oil Droplets with it.As the air passes
through this mesh, most of the remaining
dust adheres to the Oil wetted surface and
drains back in to the Bowl.The air Outlet is
provided on the side and the removable
bowl fitted to the Bottom permits convenient
cleaning and servicing. AIR CLEANER ASSLY – 5556008R91
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 52
 AIR FILTRATION SYSTEM Contd..,

Dry Air Filter : The filtered air from the Oil Bath type Air
Cleaner is passed through the Dry Paper Filter element to
remove the finer particles from the air which cannot be
removed by the pre-cleaner or the Oil Bath type Air
Cleaner.

AIR FILTER ELEMENT

5555890R91

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 53
 FUEL SYSTEM
Fuel System Consists
of the Following :
1.Fuel Tank
2.Pre Filter
3.Fuel Feed Pump
4.Water Separator
5.Dual Fuel Filter
6.Fuel Injection Pump
7.Injectors
8.Over Flow Valve
9.Leak Off Pipe
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 54
 FUEL SYSTEM Contd.,

1. Pre-Filter : This Filter is

attached to the Feed
Pump.The function of the
preliminary Filter is to prevent
the Coarser impurities from
reaching the filter to avoid
early chocking of the Filter.

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 55
 FUEL SYSTEM Contd..,
Feed Pump : The Feed Pump
Draws the fuel from the Fuel
Tank and Pumps it Under
Pressure through the Fuel filter
in to the Fuel Gallery of the
Injection Pump. The Feed Pump
is a mechanical Piston Type
Pump and is normally Mounted
on the Injection Pump.The Feed
Pump is driven by the Cam Shaft
of the Injection Pump.A hand
primer is also fitted on the Feed
Pump and is used for filling and
bleeding the suction side of the
injection system when starting or
after maintenance Work.
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 56
 FUEL SYSTEM Contd..,

Fuel Filters : Effective Fuel

filtration is absolutely essential for
trouble free Operation of the Fuel
Injection Equipment.In our
Tractors Two Stage filtration
system is used for Diesel Filtering.
Fuel Filter Elements :
There are two Filter Elements the
Primary Made of Cloth and
secondary made of Paper.These
filters ensure that the fuel is free
from any foreign material which
may damage fuel Injection PRIMARY FILTER – 1233525R91

equipment. SECONDARY FILTER – 1233526R91

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 57
 FUEL SYSTEM Contd..,
Fuel Injection Pump : The
function of an Fuel Injection
Pump is to pump diesel at a
high pressure to the
Injector.During this process it
has to be ensured that the
Timing & Quantity is as per the
requirement.
Governor is provided in the FIP
for varying the fuel quantity as
per the load requirements.
Lubrication of the Pump is
done by providing an Oil
Chamber or through Main Oil
Gallery of the Engine.
AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 58
 FUEL SYSTEM Contd..,

Injectors :The performance of

an Engine depends on the
proper functioning of the Fuel
Injection System.Hence along
with proper Quality,Quantity &
Timing, it is very important that
each charge of fuel is in such a
condition that it is completely
consumed.This function is
done by the Injector by
spraying the fuel in semi
gaseous form to enable
complete burning.
INJECTOR – 5558371R1

AM BASICS OF A TRACTOR 59