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Socrates

was a classicalGreek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western


philosophy. He is enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writer
especially the writings of his student Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary
Aristophanes. Plato`s dialogues are among the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive
from antiquity, though it is unclear the degree to which Socrates himself is “hidden hi’best disciple; plato”

Plato

Plato was born in 428-7 B.C.E and died at the age of eighty or eighty-one at 348-7
B.C.E. Plato is one of the world's best known and most widely read and studied philosophers. He was the
student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle, and he wrote in the middle of the fourth century B.C.E.
in ancient Greece. Though influenced primarily by Socrates, to the extent that Socrates is usually the main
character in many of Plato's writings, he was also influenced by Heraclitus, Parmenides, and
the Pythagoreans
Aristotle

Aristotle was born in 384 BCE at Stagirus, a now extinct Greek colony and seaport on
the coast of Thrace. His father Nichomachus was court physician to King Amyntas of Macedonia, and
from this began Aristotle's long association with the Macedonian Court, which considerably influenced
his life. While he was still a boy his father died. At age 17 his guardian, Proxenus, sent him to Athens, the
intellectual center of the world, to complete his education. Aristotle is a towering figure in ancient Greek
philosophy, making contributions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, botany, ethics,
politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre. He was a student of Plato who in turn studied under
Socrates. He was more empirically-minded than Plato or Socrates and is famous for rejecting Plato's
theory of forms.

Jose rizal

Dr. Jose P. Rizal, was born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba, Laguna. Dr.
Jose P. Rizal is the national hero of the Philippines. He was the one who led the Filipinos to start a
revolution against the Spanish Government to attain freedom and to gain control of the country. He is
well-known for being a propagandist and his way of fighting the Spanish Government through his writing
by revealing the inhumane manipulation of the Spanish Government in the Philippines. He chose to have
a silent war and not a bloody war because he thinks that it is the only way to gain freedom. In 1887
Rizal published his first novel, Noli me tangere (The Social Cancer), a passionate
exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines.
A sequel, Elfilibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed), established his reputation as the
leading spokesman of the Philippine reform movement
Parmenides of Elea

Parmenides of Elea was a Presocratic Greek philosopher. As the first philosopher to


inquire into the nature of existence itself, he is incontrovertibly credited as the “Father of Metaphysics.” As
the first to employ deductive, a priori arguments to justify his claims, he competes with Aristotle for the
title “Father of Logic.” He is also commonly thought of as the founder of the “Eleatic School” of thought—
a philosophical label ascribed to Presocratics who purportedly argued that reality is in some sense a unified
and unchanging singular entity. Parmenides’ only written work is a poem entitled, supposedly, but likely
erroneously, On Nature. Only a limited number of “fragments” (more precisely, quotations by later
authors) of his poem are still in existence, which have traditionally been assigned to three main sections—
Proem, Reality(Alétheia), and Opinion (Doxa).

Zeno of elea

In the fifth century B.C.E., Zeno of Elea offered arguments that led to conclusions
contradicting what we all know from our physical experience—that runners run, that arrows fly, and that
there are many different things in the world. The arguments were paradoxes for the ancient Greek
philosophers. Because many of the arguments turn crucially on the notion that space and time are
infinitely divisible, Zeno was the first person to show that the concept of infinity is problematical. This
article explains his ten known paradoxes and considers the treatments that have been offered. In the
Achilles Paradox, Zeno assumed distances and durations can be endlessly divided into (what modern
mathematicians call a transfinite infinity of indivisible) parts, and he assumed there are too many of these
parts for the runner to complete.
Phytagoras

Pythagoras must have been one of the world's greatest persons, but he wrote
nothing, and it is hard to say how much of the doctrine we know as Pythagorean is due to the
founder of the society and how much is later development. It is also hard to say how much of
what we are told about the life of Pythagoras is trustworthy; for a mass of legend gathered
around his name at an early date. Sometimes he is represented as a man of science, and
sometimes as a preacher of mystic doctrines, and we might be tempted to regard one or other of
those characters as alone historical. Pythagoras argued that there are three kinds of men, just as
there are three classes of strangers who come to the Olympic Games. The lowest consists of
those who come to buy and sell, and next above them are those who come to compete. Best of all
are those who simply come to look on. Men may be classified accordingly as lovers of wisdom,
lovers of honor, and lovers of gain.

Heraclitus

Heraclitus goes beyond the natural philosophy of the other Ionian


philosophers to make profound criticisms and develop far-reaching implications of those
criticisms. He suggests the first metaphysical foundation for philosophical speculation,
anticipating process philosophy. And he makes human values a central concern of philosophy
for the first time. His aphoristic manner of expression and his manner of propounding general
truths through concrete examples remained unique. A Greek philosopher of the late 6th century
BCE, Heraclitus criticizes his predecessors and contemporaries for their failure to see the unity
in experience. He claims to announce an everlasting Word (Logos) according to which all things
are one, in some sense. Opposites are necessary for life, but they are unified in a system of
balanced exchanges. The world itself consists of a law-like interchange of elements, symbolized
by fire. Thus the world is not to be identified with any particular substance, but rather with an
ongoing process governed by a law of change. The underlying law of nature also manifests itself
as a moral law for human beings. Heraclitus is the first Western philosopher to go beyond
physical theory in search of metaphysical foundations and moral applications.

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