Engineering Review

1. Entitled as the Civil Engineering Law.
a. RA 455 c. RA 544
b. RA 445 d. RA 554
2. Entitled as the National Building Code of the Philippines.

a. RA 6521 c. RA 6451
b. RA 6541 d. RA 6251
3. It is the main reference in government biddings. Also known as the Government Procurement Reform Act.
a. RA 9545 c. RA 5733
b. RA 9184 d. RA 9101
4. The one who developed the Area-Moment Method.

a. Christian Otto Mohr
c. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
b. Hardy Cross
d. Carlo Alberto Castigliano
5. How many bags are needed for a 75 m3 of concrete if the mixture to be used is 1:2:4?
a. 564 c. 615
b. 603 d. 591
Situation 1: It is required to produce 20 m3 of concrete using 1:2.50:5 design mix. The properties of the materials
to be used are tabulated below.
6. Which of the following most nearly gives the required number of bags of cement?
a. 127 bags c. 117 bags
b. 110 bags d. 104 bags
7. Which of the following most nearly gives the required quantity of sand?
a. 6.59 m3 c. 9.42 m3
b. 7.06 m3 d. 8.28 m3
8. Which of the following most nearly gives the required quantity of gravel?
a. 13.18 m3 c. 14.12 m3
b. 16.56 m3 d. 18.84 m3
Situation 2: A riprap construction job could be finished in 170 days if 50 men are working full time. 60 men
started working on the job and after 20 days, 20 more men were added. After 60 days, 60 men quit
the job.
9. In how many days they could finish the job?

a. 205 days c. 385 days
b. 325 days d. 265 days
10. How much liquidated damage will be paid by the contractor if there will be a charge of P 10,000.00 per day
of delay?
a. P 0.95 M c. P 0.35 M
b. P 2.15 M d. P 1.55 M
11. How much is the labor cost if each worker has a wage of P 400 a day?
a. P 5.6 M c. P 4.7 M
b. P 3.8 M d. P 3.4 M
12. Eleven men can excavate fifty meters of canal in seven hours and four men can backfill thirty meters of canal
in four hours. How long will it take ten men to excavate and backfill a hundred meter of canal?
a. 22.45 hours c. 23.75 hours
b. 21.78 hours d. 20.73 hours
Situation 3: An embankment for a highway 45 m wide and 1.7 m in compacted thickness is to be constructed
from a sandy soil trucked from a borrow pit. The water content of the sandy soil in the borrow pit
is 16% and its void ratio is 0.57. The specification requires the embankment to be compacted to a
dry unit weight of 19 kN/m3 with specific gravity of 2.65. Capacity of 1 truckload is 15 m 3.
13. Compute the volume of the borrow pit soil required to construct a 2-km embankment.
a. 175.56 x 103 m3 c. 87.78 x 103 m3
b. 75.67 x 103 m3 d. 133.34 x 103 m3
14. Compute the weight of water per truckload of the sandy soil.
a. 21.33 kN c. 28.09 kN
b. 39.74 kN d. 14.04 kN
15. Compute the degree of saturation of the sandy soil in situ state.
a. 0% c. 74.39%
b. 75.79% d. 58.21%
Situation 4: A 4-m long pipe having a diameter of 600 mm is to be installed. The installation can be done in one
hour by a group of workers consisting of 1 foreman, 2 skilled workers, and 10 unskilled workers.
The foreman is paid P50.00 per hour, each skilled worker at P40.00 per hour, and each unskilled
worker at P35.00 per hour. A backhoe is to be rented for P800.00 per hour and a plate compactor for
P120.00 per hour. For every meter of pipe, the materials to be used are 0.07 bags of cement at
P130.00 per bag and 0.15 m3 of sand at P300.00 per m3. The cost of pipe is P570.00 per meter. Profit,
overhead, insurance, and miscellaneous expenses is 30% of the labor, material, and equipment cost.
The value added tax is 10% of the labor and material cost.
16. Which of the following most nearly gives the cost of labor and equipment per meter length of pipe?
a. P120.00/m3 c. P1,400.00/m3
b. P350.00/m 3 d. P480.00/m3
17. Which of the following most nearly gives the cost of materials per meter length of pipe?
a. P624.10/m c. P576.10/m
b. P588.10/m d. P602.10/m
18. Which of the following most nearly gives the total cost for installing the pipe per meter length?
a. P1,250.74/m c. P1,290.74/m
b. P1,320.74/m d. P1,340.74/m
Situation 5: A certain project requires 2,000 m3 of concrete. The equipment and labor costs are given in the list
below.
Pump rental = P500.00 per hour

Pump capacity = 100 m3 per day
Pump operating hours = 8 hours per day
1 pump operator = P50.00 per hour
2 masons = P45.00 per hour
4 carpenters = P40.00 per hour
6 helpers = P35.00 per hour
19. Which of the following most nearly gives the number of working hours required to complete the project?
a. 160 hrs c. 320 hrs
b. 20 hrs d. 80 hrs
20. Which of the following most nearly gives the total cost of the project?
a. P145,800 c. P182,600
b. P161,600 d. P129,300
21. Which of the following most nearly gives the unit cost of the project?
a. P64.65/m3 c. P80.80/m3
b. P72.90/m3 d. P91.30/m3
Situation 6: In a concrete work, 2 m3 of concrete is finished in an hour by a group of workers consisting of 1

foreman, 1 skilled worker, and 5 unskilled workers. The foreman is paid P50.00 per hour, skilled
worker at P40.00 per hour, and each unskilled worker at P30.00 per hour. A backhoe is to be rented
for P1,200.00 per hour, a plate compactor for P150.00 per hour, and a water truck for P700.00 per
hour. For every cubic meter of concrete, the materials to be used are 9 bags of cement at P130.00 per
bag, 0.50 m3 of sand at P900 per m3, and 1.00 m3 of gravel at P750.00 per m3. Profit, overhead,
insurance, and miscellaneous expenses is 30% of the labor, material, and equipment cost. The value
added tax is 10% of the labor and equipment rental.
22. Which of the following most nearly gives the cost of labor and equipment per cubic meter of concrete?
a. P1,185.00/m3 c. P2,290.00/m3
b. P1,145.00/m 3 d. P2,370.00/m3
23. Which of the following most nearly gives the cost of materials per cubic meter of concrete?
a. P2,370.00/m3 c. P1,185.00/m3
b. P1,145.00/m3 d. P2,290.00/m3
24. Which of the following most nearly gives the total cost per cubic meter of concrete?
a. P4,684.00/m3 c. P4,648.00/m3
b. P4,864.00/m3 d. P4,468.00/m3
Situation 7: The activities, duration, and cost under normal and accelerated conditions for a network diagram
are shown in the accompanying table.
25. Which of the following gives the critical path of the project?
a. A-B-J-K-M c. A-C-D-J-K-M
b. A-B-G-H-I-L-M d. A-C-D-E-F-I-L-M
26. Which of the following gives the minimum duration of the project?
27. Which of the following gives the minimum cost of the project when the duration is minimum?
a. P132,450 c. P130,450
b. P131,750 d. P132,350
Situation 8: Using the information given below:
28. Which of the following gives the normal duration of the project?
29. Which of the following gives the normal cost of the project?
a. P12,750 c. P10,760
b. P13,850 d. P15,550
30. Which of the following gives the least cost of completing the job in the least possible time?
a. P15,200 c. P13,100
b. P14,100 d. P16,200
Situation 9: A system consists of three components connected in parallel. The reliabilities of the components are
0.18, 0.23, and 0.15.
31. Which of the following most nearly gives the probability that the system will be operating when only one
component survives?
a. 0.373 c. 0.160
b. 0.118 d. 0.318
32. Which of the following most nearly gives the probability that the system will be operating when two
components survive?
a. 0.056 c. 0.084
b. 0.035 d. 0.092
33. Which of the following most nearly gives the probability that the system will be operating when all three
components survive?
a. 0.015 c. 0.009
b. 0.012 d. 0.006
Situation 1: A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 600 mm. It is
reinforced for tension only with 5-32 mm diameter bars. Material strengths are f’c = 21 MPa and fs
= 130 MPa. Assume n = 10. Use Working Stress Design.
1. Which of the following most nearly gives the location of the neutral axis from the extreme compression
concrete?
a. 274.33 mm c. 256.77 mm
b. 288.83 mm d. 189.07 mm
2. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment capacity of the beam?
a. 263.33 kN-m c. 238.16 kN-m
b. 211.03 kN-m d. 206.23 kN-m
3. Which of the following statements is true for the given beam?

a. The beam complies with the Code
b. The concrete fails first before the tension steel yields
c. The tension steel yields first before the concrete fails
d. The concrete fails and the tension steel yields at the same time
4. A 350 mm x 550 mm concrete beam is reinforced with three 28-mm diameter tension bars. The modular ratio
is n = 8. Assume effective depth as 465 mm. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment of inertia
of the uncracked transformed section?
a. 4.89 x 109 mm4 c. 4.33 x 109 mm4
b. 5.29 x 109 mm4 d. 5.71 x 109 mm4
Situation 2: A triangular beam has a length of 12 meters. It has an effective depth of 450 mm and a base of 400
mm. The steel reinforcement is 3,500 mm2. A uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m is acting on
the beam. Use n = 9 and a steel cover of 50 mm.
5. Determine the maximum stress that the concrete experiences.

a. 92.52 MPa c. 98.94 MPa
b. 85.12 MPa d. 82.50 MPa
6. Determine the location of the neutral axis measured from the apex so that balance condition is achieved. Use
f’c = 21 MPa and fs = 120 MPa.
a. 177.23 mm c. 133.08 mm
b. 186.65 mm d. 161.57 mm
7. Determine the balanced moment capacity.

a. 144.72 kN.m c. 110.05 kN.m
b. 138.55 kN.m d. 114.70 kN.m
Situation 3: A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 400 mm and a total depth of 550 mm. The longitudinal
bars at the top are 2 – 28 mm Ø and 4 – 32 mm Ø at the bottom. Concrete strength is f’c = 24 MPa
and steel yield strength fy = 300 MPa. Steel cover is 70 mm.
8. What is the transformed moment of inertia?
a. 3548.65 x 106 mm4
b. 3768.19 x 106 mm4
c. 3535.63 x 106 mm4
d. 3024.58 x 106 mm4
9. What is the moment capacity?

a. 204.11 kN.m c. 284.34 kN.m
b. 215.29 kN.m d. 201.75 kN.m
10. What is the safest uniformly distributed load that the beam can carry if the length of the beam is 8 meters?
a. 35.54 kN/m c. 22.08 kN/m
b. 25.22 kN/m d. 26.91 kN/m
Situation 4: A rectangular concrete beam has a width of 350 mm and an effective depth of 650 mm. It is
reinforced with five 28-mm diameter bars for tension only. Concrete strength is f’c = 24 MPa and
steel yield strength fy= 300 MPa.
11. Which of the following most nearly gives the depth of the rectangular compression stress block?
a. 122.95 mm c. 118.58 mm
b. 129.36 mm d. 111.39 mm
12. Which of the following most nearly gives the distance of the neutral axis from the extreme compression
concrete?
a. 152.19 mm c. 139.51 mm
b. 144.65 mm d. 131.05 mm
13. Which of the following most nearly gives the ultimate moment capacity of the beam?
a. 486.56 kN-m c. 520.57 kN-m
b. 468.51 kN-m d. 542.46 kN-m
Situation 5: A rectangular reinforced concrete beam has a width of 450 mm and an effective depth of 750 mm.
The beam is reinforced with 8-28 mm diameter tension bars. Concrete strength is f’c = 21 MPa and
steel yield strength is fy = 275 MPa.
14. Which of the following most nearly gives the steel ratio?
a. 1.46% c. 1.35%
b. 1.71% d. 1.53%
a. 174.08 mm c. 168.65 mm
b. 198.41 mm d. 132.97 mm
a. 825.40 kN-m c. 850.46 kN-m
b. 811.59 kN-m d. 834.72 kN-m
Situation 6: Given is a rectangular beam having the following parameters;
d = 600 mm f’c = 27.5 MPa

d’ = 63 mm fy = 345 MPa
As = 3265 mm2 As’ = 775 mm2
b = 400 mm
17. Which of the following most nearly gives the depth of compression block?
a. 120.47 mm c. 97.93 mm
b. 115.22 mm d. 91.88 mm
18. Which of the following most nearly gives the compressive strength of concrete?
a. 1126.43 kN c. 1077.28kN
b. 859.05kN d. 915.68kN
19. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment capacity?
a. 608.00kN.m c. 972.77kN.m
b. 555.97kN.m d. 547.20 kN.m
Situation 7: A three-span continuous beam is subjected to 2 kN/m dead load and 3 kN/m live load. The
columns are 500 mm x 500 mm. See figure RCDBMM 51.
PROVISIONS
5.8.3 Methods of Analysis
5.8.3.1 All members of frames or continuous construction shall be designed for the maximum effects of factored loads
as determined by the theory of elastic analysis, except as modified according to Sec. 5.8.4. It is permitted to simplify
design by using the assumptions specified in Sec. 5.8.6through Sec. 5.8.9.
5.8.3.2 Except for prestressed concrete, approximate methods of frame analysis are permitted for building of usual
types of construction, spans, and story heights.
5.8.3.3 In lieu of frame analysis, the following approximate moments and shears are permitted for design of
continuous beams and one-way slabs (slabs reinforced to resist flexural stresses in only one direction), provided:
(a) There are two or more spans,

(b) Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two adjacent spans not
greater than the shorter by more than 20 percent,
(c) Loads are uniformly distributed,
(d) Unit live load does not exceed three times unit dead load, and
(e) Members are prismatic.
Positive moment
End spans
Discontinuous end unrestrained ………………………………… wuLn2/11
Discontinuous end integral with support ……………………….. w uLn2/14
Interior spans ……………………………………………………… w uLn2/16
Negative moment
Negative moment at exterior face of first interior support
Two spans …………………………………………………………. w uLn2/9
More than two spans ……………………………………………... w uLn2/10
Negative moment at other faces of interior supports ………….. w uLn2/11
Negative moment at face of all supports for:

Slabs with spans not exceeding 3 m, and beams
where ratio of sum of column stiffnesses to beam
stiffness exceeds eight at each end of the span ………………. w uLn2/12
Negative moment at interior face of exterior support for members

built integrally with supports
When support is a spandrel beam ………………………………. w uLn2/24
When support is a column …………………………….………….. wuLn2/16
Shear in end members at face of first interior support ……..1.15wuLn/2
Shear at face of all other supports ……………………………… wuLn/2
where
Ln = clear span for positive moment or shear and average of adjacent clear spans for negative moment
20. Which of the following most nearly gives the factored shear at C?
a. 32.37 kN c. 26.67 kN
b. 29.53 kN d. 30.66 kN
21. Which of the following most nearly gives the factored moment at C?
a. 40.10 kN-m c. 35.99 kN-m
b. 33.38 kN-m d. 38.71 kN-m
22. Which of the following most nearly gives the factored moment at H?
a. 23.84 kN-m c. 27.65 kN-m
b. 35.19 kN-m d. 30.34 kN-m
Situation 8: A one-way slab has a simple span of 3 m. The slab is to carry a uniform live load of 8 kPa. Use f’c =
28 MPa and fy = 275 MPa for main and temperature bars. Provide a clear concrete cover of 20 mm.
Use weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3.
23. Which of the following gives the minimum slab thickness required by the code?
a. 120 mm c. 110 mm
b. 100 mm d. 130 mm
24. Which of the following gives the required spacing of the 12-mm main bars?
a. 150 mm c. 110 mm
b. 135 mm d. 125 mm
25. Which of the following gives the required spacing of the 10-mm temperature bars?
a. 300 mm c. 350 mm
b. 325 mm d. 275 mm
Situation 9: A one way slab of 5 m simple span has a thickness of 200 mm with an effective depth of 170 mm.
Material strengths are fy = 415 MPa and f’c = 22 MPa.
Maximum spacing of Longitudinal bars

According to Section 5.7.6.5, the flexural reinforcement shall not be spaced farther apart than 3 times the slab
thickness, nor 450 mm.
Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement

Concrete shrinks as it hardens. In addition, temperature changes occur that causes expansion and
contraction of concrete. In this effect, Section 5.7.12 requires that one-way slabs, where flexural
reinforcement extends in one direction only, should be reinforced for shrinkage and temperature stresses
perpendicular to flexural reinforcement.
Section 5.7.12.2.1, the area of shrinkage reinforcement shall provide at least the following ratios of gross concrete area
bh, (where h is the slab thickness) but not less than 0.0014.
a.) Where Grade 275 deformed bars are used………………..0.0020
b.) Where Grade 415 deformed bars or welded wire fabric (plain or
deformed) are used…………………………………………..0.0018
c.) Where reinforcement with fy> 415 MPa measured at yield strain of 0.35% are
used………………………………(0.0018 x 400)/fy
Section 5.7.12.2.2, Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement may not be spaced not farther apart than 5 times the
slab thickness, nor 450 mm.
26. What should be the spacing of the 12-mm longitudinal bars based on As(min)?
a. 282.74 mm c. 272.51 mm
b. 369.60 mm d. 314.16 mm
27. What is the maximum spacing of the longitudinal bars?

a. 600 mm c. 300 mm
b. 450 mm d. 350 mm
28. How many 10-mm shrinkage and temperature bars are needed?
a. 20 c. 22
b. 23 d. 26
Situation 10: A reinforced concrete beam having a width of 500 mm and an effective depth of 750 mm is
reinforced with 5 – 25 mm Ø. The beam has a simple span of 10 m. It carries an ultimate uniform
load of 50 kN/m. f’c = 28 MPa, fy = 413MPa.
29. Compute the compressive force resisted by concrete in the beam.

a. 778.23 kN c. 616.33 kN
b. 1,013.65 kN d. 1,089.04 kN
30. Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.

a. 645.36 kN.m c. 518.22 kN.m
b. 433.11 kN.m d. 717.07 kN.m
31. Determine the cut – off point for two of the bars from the support.
a. 1.89 m c. 1.33 m
b. 2.10 m d. 1.98 m
Situation 11: A 380 mm wide 570 mm effective depth beam carries a uniform ultimate load of 150 kN/m. The
beam is simply supported, and the clear distance between supports is 8 m. Use f’c = 20.70 MPa and
fy = 275.80 MPa. Diameter of web reinforcement is 10 mm.
32. Which of the following most nearly gives the required spacing of stirrups at a distance of 1 m from each
support?
a. 55.15 mm c. 74.90 mm
b. 67.62 mm d. 80.33 mm
support?
a. 119.50 mm c. 126.44 mm
b. 141.02 mm d. 130.87 mm
support?
a. 342.03 mm c. 142.48 mm
b. 171.55 mm d. 285.00 mm
Situation 12: A concrete T-beam having a web thickness of 300 mm has a total depth of 700 mm with the slab
thickness of 100 mm. The beam has a spacing of 2.5 m on centers. The beam is subjected to torsion.
f’c = 20.7 MPa.
Section 413.3.4 For monolithic or fully composite construction, a beam includes that portion of slab on each side of
the beam extending a distance equal to the projection of the beam above or below the slab, whichever is greater, but
not greater than four times the slab thickness.
35. What is the effective width of flange if the beam is cast monolithically with the slab? Refer to Section 413.3.4.
a. 1300 mm c. 1500 mm
b. 900 mm d. 1100 mm
36. What is the limiting torque provided by the code so that torsion can be neglected?
a. 8.86 kN.m c. 5.89 kN.m
b. 7.53 kN.m d. 10.34 kN.m
37. What is the required eccentricity of a concentrated load P u = 70 kN so that torsion effects can be neglected?
a. 84.14 mm c. 147.71 mm
b. 126.57 mm d. 107.57 mm
38. What is the value of the torque that will cause diagonal cracks?
a. 30.12 kN.m c. 35.44 kN.m
b. 41.36 kN.m d. 23.56 kN.m
39. A beam with 300 mm width and 425 mm effective depth has concrete strength of 28 MPa and steel strength
of 275 MPa. What is the spacing of 10 mm-stirrups inclined at 50° with the vertical if the shear to be carried
by the shear reinforcements is 220 kN?
a. 60 mm c. 130 mm
b. 110 mm d. 80 mm
Situation 13: A square tied column carries an axial dead load of 560 kN and an axial live load of 750 kN. Assume
f’c = 28 MPa and fy = 275 MPa. Use 20 mm diameter bars.
40. Which of the following gives the factored load that the column will carry?
a. 1,834 kN c. 1,310 kN
b. 2,059 kN d. 2,002 kN
41. Using a reinforcement ratio of 2%, which of the following gives the minimum required dimension of the
column rounded up to the nearest 10 mm?
a. 290 mm c. 360 mm
b. 310 mm d. 340 mm
42. Which of the following gives the required number of 20-mm diameter bars?
a. 6 c. 8
b. 7 d. 9
Situation 14: A spiral column having a diameter of 600 mm is reinforced with 8-28 mm diameter vertical bars
enclosed in a 10 mm spiral. Concrete cover is 40mm. Use f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 415 MPa for main
bars.
43. Which of the following most nearly gives the ultimate axial capacity of the column?
a. 4,464.63 kN c. 4,109.78 kN
b. 4,605.67 kN d. 3,813.41 kN
44. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum spiral ratio in percent? Spiral strength is 275 MPa?
a. 1.25 % c. 1.14 %
b. 1.19 % d. 0.75 %
45. Which of the following most nearly gives the pitch of the spiral?
a. 52.04 mm c. 47.40 mm
b. 79.00 mm d. 49.79 mm
Situation 15: A short circular column, spirally reinforced, is to support a centric load of 3,500 kN. Use f’c = 27
kPa and fy = 345 MPa. Concrete cover is 40 mm. Use 10 mm diameter spiral.
46. Assuming ρ = 0.025, which of the following most nearly gives the diameter of the column rounded up to the
nearest 10 mm?
a. 460 mm c. 470 mm
b. 490 mm d. 480 mm
47. Which of the following gives the required number of 28 mm bars?

a. 7 c. 6
b. 9 d. 8
48. Which of the following most nearly gives the required pitch of the spiral?
a. 49.42 mm c. 57.18 mm
b. 53.61 mm d. 65.44 mm
Situation 16: A rectangular footing supports a square column concentrically.
Given:
Footing dimension = 2.5 m x 4 m x 0.75 m
Column dimension = 0.45 m x 0.45 m
Concrete, f’c = 28 MPa
Steel, fy = 415 MPa
Concrete cover to centroid of steel reinforcement = 100 mm
Unit weight of concrete = 24 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil = 17 KN/m3
Allowable stresses at ultimate loads are as follows:

For beam action = 0.88 MPa
For two way action = 1.76 MPa
49. Determine the concentrated load (KN) that the footing can carry based on beam action. Apply effective soil
pressure only.
a. 4321.78 c. 1944.80
b. 1215.50 d. 3296.53
50. Calculate the concentrated load (KN) that the footing can carry based on two – way action. Apply effective
soil pressure only.
a. 4278.56 c. 3145.09
b. 4867.53 d. 3777.80
51. If the allowable soil pressure at service loads is 192 KPa, what column axial load (unfactored) in KN, can the
footing carry if the depth of earth fill is 2 m. above the footing.
a. 1920 c. 1400
b. 1528 d. 1424
Situation 17: A 300 mm concrete wall supports a dead load of 300kN/m and a live load of 220 kN/m. The
allowable bearing pressure is 240 kPa and the level of the bottom of the footing is 1.2 m. below the
ground surface. Assume concrete weighs 24 kN/m3 and that of soil is 16 kN/m3.Use 28 – mm Ø
reinforcing bars. The thickness of the footing is 600 mm and the steel covering is 100 mm. f’c =28
MPa and fy = 275 MPa.
52. Which of the following most nearly gives the effective soil pressure?
a. 264 KPa c. 233 KPa
b. 256 KPa d. 216 KPa
53. Which of the following most nearly gives the width of the wall footing?
a. 2.41 m. c. 3.68 m.
b. 1.97 m. d. 3.01 m.
54. Which of the following most nearly gives the spacing of bars at the critical section?
a. 300 mm. c. 205 mm
b. 450 mm. d. 408 mm.
Situation 18: A prestressed concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an overall depth of 600 mm. Prestressing
bars are placed at a distance e below the centroidal axis of the beam and a prestressing force of P is
applied on it. Assume a prestress loss of 15%.
55. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of P when the compressive stress in the entire section is
21 MPa?
a. 4,447.06 kN c. 3,286.96 kN
b. 4,158.39 kN d. 3,780.00 kN
56. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of P when the compressive stress at the bottom fiber is
12 MPa and the tensile stress at the top fiber is 2MPa?
a. 1,165.06 kN c. 1,058.82 kN
b. 942.20 kN d. 900.00 kN
57. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of P when the compressive stress at the bottom fiber is
16 MPa and the stress at the top fiber is 0 MPa?
a. 1,386.77 kN c. 1,694.12 kN
b. 1,440.00 kN d. 1,208.60 kN
Situation 19: A rectangular footing supports a square column concentrically.
Given:
Footing dimension = 2.5 m x 4 m x 0.75 m

Column dimension = 0.45 m x 0.45 m
Concrete, f’c = 28 MPa
Steel, fy = 415 MPa
Concrete cover to centroid of steel reinforcement = 100 mm
Unit weight of concrete = 24 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil = 17 KN/m3
Allowable stresses at ultimate loads are as follows:

For beam action = 0.88 MPa
For two way action = 1.76 MPa
58. Determine the concentrated load (KN) that the footing can carry based on beam action. Apply effective soil
pressure only.
a. 4321.78 c. 1944.80
b. 1215.50 d. 3296.53
59. Calculate the concentrated load (KN) that the footing can carry based on two – way action. Apply effective
soil pressure only.
a. 4278.56 c. 3145.09
b. 4867.53 d. 3777.80
60. If the allowable soil pressure at service loads is 192 KPa, what column axial load (unfactored) in KN, can the
footing carry if the depth of earth fill is 2 m. above the footing.
a. 1920 c. 1400
b. 1528 d. 1424
Situation 20: A reinforced concrete beam having a width of 450 mm and an effective depth of 675 mm is
reinforced with 4 – 25 mm Ø. The beam has a simple span of 9 m. It carries an ultimate uniform
load of 40 KN/m. f’c = 27.6 MPa, fy = 414.7 MPa.
61. Compute the compressive force resisted by concrete in the beam.

a. 778.23 KN c. 616.33 KN
b. 814.26 KN d. 589.04 KN
62. Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.

a. 466.40 KN.m c. 518.22 KN.m
b. 433.11 KN.m d. 589.45 KN.m
63. Determine the cut – off point for two of the bars from the support.
a. 1.89 m c. 1.33 m
b. 2.10 m d. 1.63 m
Situation 21: Five 20 mm diameter bars are reinforced to a beam that will be resisting a hogging moment. It has a
concrete strength of 21 MPa and a steel strength of 270 MPa. The beam has a width of 300 mm and
a total depth of 500 mm. Concrete cover is 90 mm. See figure RCM 10.01.
64. Which of the following gives the location of the neutral axis measured from the extreme tension fiber?
a. 387.37 mm c. 367.49 mm
b. 417.28 mm d. 402.68 mm
65. Which of the following gives the maximum compressive strength of concrete?
a. 424.12 kN c. 853.30 kN
b. 941.74kN d. 556.33 kN
66. Which of the following gives the moment capacity?

a. 152.37 kN.m c. 194.78 kN.m
b. 175.30 kN.m d. 137.13 kN.m
Situation 22: A reinforced concrete beam has a concrete strength of 24 MPa and a steel strength of 400 MPa. The
beam has a radius of 300 mm with area of reinforcement of 5386.27 mm 2. See figure STDQP 45.
67. Which of the following gives the location of the neutral axis measured from the extreme compression fiber?
a. 270.59 mm c. 317.65 mm
b. 294.12 mm d. 282.35 mm
68. Which of the following gives the maximum compressive strength of concrete?
a. 2,154.51 kN c. 1,633.45 kN
b. 1,714.54 kN d. 2,274.83 kN
69. Which of the following gives the moment capacity?

a. 310.85 kN.m c. 155.43 kN.m
b. 601.41 kN.m d. 756.83 kN.m
Situation 23: A 6 m long cantilever beam 250 mm x 600 mm carries a uniformly distributed dead load of 5 kN/m
(including beam weight) and a concentrated live load of 18 kN at the free end. The beam is
pretensioned with 12-mm diameter strands causing a final prestressing force of 540 kN.
70. Which of the following most nearly gives the resulting stress at the bottom fiber at the free end if the
prestressing strands are located at the neutral axis of the beam?
a. 3.00 MPa c. 3.60 MPa
b. 3.30 MPa d. 4.50 MPa
71. Which of the following most nearly gives the resulting stress at the top fiber at the fixed end if the
prestressing strands are located 100 mm above the neutral axis of the beam?
a. 5.00 MPa c. 6.00 MPa
b. 5.40 MPa d. 4.80 MPa
72. Which of the following most nearly gives the distance of the prestressing strands above the neutral axis of
the beam such that the resulting stress at the top fiber at the fixed end is zero?
a. 183.33 mm c. 233.33 mm
b. 206.67 mm d. 266.67 mm
Situation 24: A rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 425 mm with a 75 mm steel
covering. It is reinforced with 3-28 mm Ø bars. The beam has a simple span of 6 m and carries a
service dead load including its own weight of 14 kN/m and a service live load of 10 kN/m. Use f’c
= 20.7 MPa and n = 10.
Section 5.9.5.2.6 Unless stiffness values are obtained by a more comprehensive analysis, immediate deflection shall
be computed with the effective moment of inertia as follows, but not greater than gross moment of
inertia.
I = I + 1− I (9-7)
Where:
Mcr = Cracking Moment = (frIg)/yt

Ma = Maximum moment at stage deflection is computed
Ig = Moment of inertia of gross concrete section about centroidal axis,
neglecting reinforcement
Icr = Moment of inertia of cracked section transformed to concrete;
yt = distance from centroidal axis of gross section, neglecting reinforcement,
to extreme fiber in tension.
73. Which of the following most nearly gives the effective moment of inertia?
a. 2008 x 106 mm4 c. 1690 x 106 mm4
b. 1762 x 10 mm
6 4 d. 1859 x 106 mm4
74. Which of the following most nearly gives the instantaneous deflection for dead load and live load?
a. 10.19 mm c. 9.43 mm
b. 10.75 mm d. 11.21 mm
75. Which of the following most nearly gives the deflection for the same loads after one year assuming that 30%
of the live load is sustained?
a. 20.29 mm c. 22.32 mm
b. 18.78 mm d. 21.40 mm
76. Determine the modulus of elasticity of concrete having a strength of 25 MPa.

a. 23,000 MPa c. 24,000 MPa
b. 24,500 MPa d. 23,500 MPa
Situation 25: A rectangular reinforced concrete beam has a width of 350 mm and an effective depth of 600 mm.
The beam is reinforced with four 36-mmdiameter tension bars and two 28-mm diameter
compression bars with centroid 60 mm from the extreme compression fiber. The compression
strength of concrete is f’c = 20.70 MPa and the steel yield strength is fy =345 MPa.
a. 126.82 mm c. 142.75 mm
b. 138.91 mm d. 159.10 mm
78. Which of the following most nearly gives the distance of the neutral axis from the extreme compression
concrete?
a. 167.94 mm c. 163.42 mm
b. 187.18 mm d. 149.20 mm
a. 624.72 kN-m c. 665.43 kN-m
b. 614.95 kN-m d. 583.65 kN-m
Situation 26: Reinforced concrete beams having width of 300 mm and overall depth of 600 mm are spaced 3 m
on centers and support a slab of thickness 100 mm. The slab carries a superimposed dead load of
3.20 kPa (includes floor finish, ceiling, fixtures, etc.) and live load of 3.60 kPa. The columns E and H
are omitted such that the girder BEHK supports the beams DEF at E and GHI at H. Unit weight of
concrete is 24 kN/m3.
80. Which of the following most nearly gives the factored uniform load on beam GHI?
a. 46.92 kN/m c. 47.93 kN/m
b. 43.19 kN/m d. 49.50 kN/m
81. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear in beam GHI assuming that G and I are fixed
and an internal hinge is placed at H?
a. 232.03 kN c. 224.66 kN
b. 202.45 kN d. 219.94 kN
82. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum positive moment in span GH?
a. 185.57 kN-m c. 195.78 kN-m
b. 170.82 kN-m d. 189.56 kN-m
Situation 27: A prestressed concrete beam 300 mm by 600 mm is 6 m long and carries a uniformly distributed
load of 45 kN/m. Prestressing bars are placed below the centroidal axis of the beam and a force of
1,100 kN is applied on it.
83. Which of the following most nearly gives the flexural compressive stress on the beam due to the given
distributed load?
a. 11.25 MPa c. 13.25 MPa
b. 12.25 MPa d. 14.25 MPa
84. Which of the following most nearly gives the lower kern point at the ends of the beam?
a. 80.09 mm c. 88.08 mm
b. 84.09 mm d. 92.12 mm
85. Using the value of the kern point in the previous problem, which of the following most nearly gives the total
compressive stress on the beam?
a. 11.37 MPa c. 10.05 MPa
b. 10.88 MPa d. 12.22 MPa
Situation 28: A cantilever beam has a cross section of 300 mm x 500 mm. It has a span of 4 m and carries uniform
factored load of 30 kN/m acting at an eccentricity of 250 mm from the center of the cross section of
the beam. The beam has an effective depth of 400 mm. f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. Use 40 mm
concrete cover to 10 mm stirrups.
86. What is the factored torque at the critical section?

a. 27 kN.m c. 23 kN.m
b. 30 kN.m d. 33 kN.m
87. What is the spacing of the transverse reinforcement (stirrups) for shear and torsion?
a. 300 mm c. 150 mm
b. 120 mm d. 100 mm
88. What is the total area of main bars? Assume ρ = 0.012 for flexure.
a. 1440.0 mm2 c. 1320.0 mm2
b. 2135.7 mm2 d. 2088.4 mm2
Situation 29: Given is a rectangular beam having the following parameters;
d = 600 mm f’c = 27.5 MPa

d’ = 63 mm fy = 345 MPa
As = 3265 mm2 As’ = 775 mm2
b = 400 mm
89. Which of the following most nearly gives the depth of compression block?
a. 120.47 mm c. 97.93 mm
b. 115.22 mm d. 91.88 mm
90. Which of the following most nearly gives the compressive strength of concrete?
a. 1126.43 kN c. 1077.28kN
b. 859.05kN d. 915.68kN
91. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment capacity?
a. 608.00kN.m c. 972.77kN.m
b. 555.97kN.m d. 547.20 kN.m
Situation 30: Given is the effective section of a bridge deck. Material properties are f’c = 40 MPa, Fy = 500 MPa.
The center of the void circle is at 450 mm directly below the top edge of the deck. The cracking
moment is not exceeded by the moment due to the applied loads. See figure BDMM 34.34.
92. Which of the following gives the location of the neutral axis of the transformed section measured from the
top?
a. 414.66 mm c. 490.85 mm
b. 409.15 mm d. 485.34 mm
93. Which of the following gives the transformed moment of inertia about the centroid?
a. 79.72 e 09 mm4 c. 67.12 e 09 mm4
b. 53.78 e 09 mm4 d. 81.48 e 09 mm4
94. Which of the following gives the cracking moment of the section?
a. 881.69kN.m c. 851.16 kN.m
b. 727.20kN.m d. 734.94kN.m
Situation 31: A column carries a dead load of 1050kN and a live load of 900 kN. Use f’c = 28 MPa, fy = 420MPa
and ρ = 0.04. See figure RCCLM 30.14. Use the attached NSCP 2001 provision.
NSCP PROVISION
410.10 Limits for reinforcement of Compression Members
410.10.1 Area of longitudinal reinforcements, Ash, for non-composite compression members shall not be less than
0.01 or more than 0.08 times gross are Ag of section.
410.10.2 Minimum number of longitudinal bars in compression members shall be 4 for bars within rectangular or
circular ties, 3 for bars within triangular ties, and 6 for bars enclosed by spiral conforming to Section 410.10.3
410.10.3 Volumetric spiral reinforcement ratio, ρs, shall not be less than the value given by:
′
= . − (410-6)
Where the value of fyt used in Eq. 410-6 shall not exceed 700 MPa. For fyt greater than 415 MPa, lap splices
according to Section 407.11.4.5(1) shall not be used.
410.4.6 Design of axial load strength ØPn of compression members shall not be taken greater than the following:
410.4.6.1 For nonprestressed members with spiral reinforcement conforming to Section 407.11.4 or composite
members conforming to Section 410.17:
ØPN(max) = 0.85Ø[0.85f’c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst] (410-1)
410.4.6 For nonprestressed members with tie reinforcement conforming to Section 407.11.5:
ØPN(max) = 0.80Ø[0.85f’c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst] (410-2)
407.11 Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members

407.11.1 Lateral reinforcement for compression members shall conform to the provisions of Section 407.11.4 and
407.11.5 and, where shear or torsion reinforcement is required, shall also conform to provisions of Section
411.
407.11.2 Lateral reinforcement requirements for composite compression members shall conform to Section 410.17.
Lateral reinforcement requirements for prestressing tendons shall conform to Section 418.12.
407.11.4 Spirals
Spiral reinforcement for compression members shall conform to Section 410.10.3 and to the following:
407.11.4.1 Spiral shall consist of evenly spaced continuous bar or wire such size and so assembled as to
permit handling and placing without distortion from designed dimensions.
407.11.4.2 For cast-in-place construction, size of spirals shall not be less 10 mm diameter.
407.11.4.3 Clear spacing between spirals shall not exceed 75 mm or be less than 25 mm. See also Section
403.4.2.
407.11.5.2 Vertical spacing of ties shall not exceed 16 longitudinal bar diameters, 48 tie bar or wire diameters,
or least dimension of the compression member.
407.11.5.2 Ties shall be arranged such that every corner and alternate longitudinal bar shall have lateral
support provided by the corner of a tie with an included angle of not more than 135 degrees and a bar shall
be not farther than 150 mm clear on each side along the tie from such a laterally supported bar. Where
longitudinal bars are located around the perimeter of a circle a complete circular tie shall be permitted.
95. Which of the following most nearly gives the diameter of the column?
a. 390 mm c. 370 mm
b. 450 mm d. 415 mm
96. Which of the following most nearly gives the required diameter of main bars?
a. 30 mm c. 27 mm
b. 32 mm d. 28 mm
97. Which of the following most nearly gives the spacing of 10 mm Ø shear reinforcements?
a. 415 mm c. 390 mm
b. 75 mm d. 56 mm
Situation 32: A beam carries a total factored uniform load of 50 kN/m (including its own weight) and spans 8 m
on simple supports. It has a width of 320 mm and an effective depth of 570 mm. f’c = 27.60 MPa
and fy = 344.80 MPa.
98. Which of the following gives the required number of 25 mm tension bars?
a. 5 c. 7
b. 6 d. 8
99. If two bars are to be cut, which of the following most nearly gives the distance of the theoretical cut-off
points from either end of the beam?
a. 1.45 mm c. 2.55 m
b. 1.79 m d. 2.21 m
100. If another two bars are to be cut, which of the following most nearly gives the distance of the theoretical cut-
off points from either end of the beam?
a. 0.95 m c. 1.12 m
b. 0.79 m d. 1.06 m
Situation 1: The equation of the parabolic arch is y = (36 - x2)/6, where x and y are measured in meters.
Consider the section, section 1, that is 4 m horizontally from support A. See figure BPTG 49.
1. Which of the following most nearly gives normal force acting on section 1?
a. 555 N c. 181 N
b. 710 N d. 204 N
2. Which of the following most nearly gives shear force acting on section 1?
a. 313 N c. 179 N
b. 832 N d. 912 N
3. Which of the following most nearly gives internal moment acting on section 1?
a. 2500 kN.m c. 4000 kN.m
b. 3100 kN.m d. 5700 kN.m
Situation 2: An L110x110x8 A40 steel is connected to a plate by 20-mm diameter bolts having shear strength F v
= 280 MPa. The diameter of the hole is 2 mm larger than the diameter of the bolt. Use F u = 415 MPa,
S1 = 50 mm and S2 = 80 mm. See figure STLZX 77.
4. Calculate the allowable tensile load based on shearing of bolts.

a. 425.75 kN c. 351.86 kN
b. 625.81 kN d. 593.60 kN
5. Calculate the allowable tensile load based on bearing on angle bar.

a. 318.72 kN c. 345.28 kN
b. 379.81 kN d. 350.59 kN
6. Calculate the allowable tensile load based on yielding of gross area.

a. 291.23 kN c. 261.89 kN
b. 280.64 kN d. 252.36 kN
7. Calculate the allowable tensile load based on tearing of net area given that Ae = UAn. Use U = 0.85.
a. 315.40 kN c. 351.92 kN
b. 270.91 kN d. 268.09 kN
8. Calculate the allowable tensile load based on shear rupture.

a. 285.52 kN c. 320.45 kN
b. 305.19 kN d. 276.89 kN
Situation 3: A simple beam of 9 m span is subjected to two 42 kN loads applied at the third points. The beam
has cover plates at the top and bottom. The cover plate is 370 mm x 20 mm. See figures STRE 56
and REF – 0.001.
Properties of C400x40: Properties of L300x220x18:
A = 7570 mm2 A = 4500 mm2
d = 400 mm x = 17 mm
bf= 250 mm y = 24 mm
tf = 25 mm Ix = 38 x 106 mm4
tw = 25 mm
x = 40 mm
Ix = 68 x 106 mm4
Iy = 2.8 x 106 mm4
9. Compute the moment of inertia about the centroidal x-axis?

a. 745.06 x 106 mm4
b. 875.22 x 106 mm4
c. 502.17 x 106 mm4
d. 941.56 x 106 mm4
10. Compute the bending stress at the interface of the top plate and channel.
a. 27.43 MPa c. 33.04 MPa
b. 35.92 MPa d. 24.55 MPa
11. Compute the bending stress at the interface of the plate and angle.
a. 33.04 MPa c. 27.43 MPa
b. 24.55 MPa d. 35.92 MPa
Situation 4: The super structure of a bridge consists of ribbed metal deck with 50 mm complete slab on top. The
deck is supported by wide flange steel beams strengthened by cover plate 16 mm x 250 mm one at
top and one at the bottom. It is simply supported on a span of 25 m. Each of the cover-plated steel
beams is subjected to the following data:
DL = 12 kN/m
LL = 17.8 kN from wheel and 71.2 kN rear wheel
Distance between wheel loads = 4.27 m
Impart on live load is 15/(L + 37), with a maximum of 30%.
Properties of W830x175
A = 22,387 mm2 bf = 290 mm
d = 835 mm Ix = 2500 x 106 mm4
tw = 14 mm Iy = 78 x 106 mm4
tf = 19 mm
12. What is the maximum flexural stress in the cover-plated beam due to dead load?
a. 126 MPa c. 78 MPa
b. 99 MPa d. 156 MPa
13. What is the maximum flexural stress in the cover-plated beam due to live load plus impact?
a. 73 MPa c. 81 MPa
b. 68 MPa d. 55 MPa
14. What is the maximum web shear stress in the beam?

a. 5.2 MPa c. 6.1 MPa
b. 7.4 MPa d. 3.9 MPa
15. An axial load of 100 kN is applied to a flat bar 20 mm thick, tapering in width from 120 mm to 40 mm in a
length of 10 m. Assuming E = 200 GPa, determine the total elongation of the bar.
a. 3.43 mm c. 4.33 mm
b. 2.125 mm d. 1.985 mm
Situation 5: The connection consists of a plate connected to a columns flange by five 18 mm diameter rivets. It
carries a load P = 70 kN at a distance of 180 mm from the centroid of the rivet group. The diameter
of the hole is 20 mm. Use a = 100 mm. See figure STFFGH 32.
16. Calculate the maximum direct shear stress.

a. 44.56 MPa c. 68.25 MPa
b. 33.50 MPa d. 55.02 MPa
17. Calculate the minimum direct shear stress.

a. 55.02 MPa c. 33.50 MPa
b. 68.25 MPa d. 44.56 MPa
18. Calculate the maximum torsional shear stress.

a. 89.95 MPa c. 111.05 MPa
b. 126.89 MPa d. 77.45 MPa
19. Calculate the minimum torsional shear stress.

a. 57.13 MPa c. 79.41 MPa
b. 98.04 MPa d. 46.28 MPa
20. Calculate the maximum shear stress.

a. 120.33 MPa c. 109.33 MPa
b. 161.02 MPa d. 148.55 MPa
21. Calculate the minimum shear stress.

a. 4.57 MPa c. 1.71 MPa
b. 2.12 MPa d. 5.33 MPa
Situation 6: The built-up beam is composed of wide flange and channels with cover plates at the top and
bottom. The cover plates are 550 mm x 20 mm. See figures STGP 71 and REF – 0.001.
Properties of C400x40: Properties of L300x220x18:

A = 7570 mm2 A = 4500 mm2
d = 400 mm x = 17 mm
bf= 250 mm y = 24 mm
tf = 25 mm Ix = 38 x 106 mm4
tw = 25 mm
x = 40 mm Properties of W350x40:
Ix = 68 x 106 mm4 A = 6250 mm2
Iy = 2.8 x 106 mm4 d = 350 mm
Ix = 53 x 106 mm4
Iy = 13 x 106 mm4
bf = 550 mm
22. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment of inertia about the strong axis?
a. 1733.04 x 106 mm4
b. 1159.93 x 106 mm4
c. 902.17 x 106 mm4
d. 1596.65 x 106 mm4
23. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum flexural stress if a moment of 910 kN.m is acting
along the centroidal x-axis?
a. 170.98 MPa c. 129.03 MPa
b. 108.34 MPa d. 235.36 MPa
24. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum flexural stress if a moment of 910 kN.m is acting
about the centroidal x-axis?
a. 247.12 MPa c. 111.53 MPa
b. 125.39 MPa d. 172.60 MPa
Situation 7: Two plates are bolted together with six 16-mm diameter bolts forming a lap connection. The hole
diameters are 3 mm larger than the bolt diameters. Plate thickness is 13 mm. Use S1 = 60 mm, S2 =
55 mm and S3 = 100 mm. See figure STLQW 55.
25. Which of the following most nearly gives the cochrane’s value for path 1-6?
a. 45.45 mm c. 30.25 mm
b. 22.73 mm d. 7.56 mm
26. Which of the following most nearly gives the cochrane’s value for path 2-4?
a. 7.56 mm c. 22.73 mm
b. 45.45 mm d. 30.25 mm
27. Which of the following most nearly gives the net area for tension?
a. 2236 mm2 c. 2444 mm2
b. 2314 mm 2 d. 2366 mm2
Situation 8: A steel rod having a cross sectional area of 300 mm2 and a length of 150 m is suspended vertically
from one end. It supports a tensile load of 20 kN at the lower end. The unit mass of steel is 7850
kg/m3 and E = 200 GPa.
28. Which of the following gives the elongation of the rod due to its weight?
a. 8.7 mm c. 4.3 mm
b. 6.3 mm d. 5.4 mm
29. Which of the following gives the elongation of the rod due to the tensile load?
a. 60 mm c. 40 mm
b. 45 mm d. 50 mm
30. Which of the following gives the total elongation of the rod?
a. 58.7 mm c. 54.3 mm
b. 56.3 mm d. 55.4 mm
Situation 9: Two plates each with thickness 20 mm are bolted together with six 20-mm diameter bolts forming a
lap connection. The hole diameters are 2 mm larger than the bolt diameters. Allowable shear stress
on bolts Fv = 120 MPa. The plates used are A36 steel with Fy = 248 MPa and Fu = 400 MPa. Use S 1
= 50 mm, S2 = 100 mm and S3 = 90 mm. See figure STDKO 3.
31. Compute the value of P based on yielding of gross area.

a. 455.7 kN c. 565.4 kN
b. 760.0 kN d. 891.0 KN
32. Compute the value of P based on tearing of net area.
a. 584.0 kN c. 864.0 kN
b. 711.6 kN d. 434.5 kN
33. Compute the value of P based on bearing on plates.

a. 1267.2 kN c. 1444.0 kN
b. 1376.5 kN d. 1152.0 kN
34. Compute the value of P based on shearing of bolts.

a. 547.4 kN c. 273.7 kN
b. 226.2 kN d. 452.4 KN
35. Compute the value of P based on block shear.

a. 1248.0 kN c. 771.0 kN
b. 896.0 kN d. 1208.0 kN
Situation 10: Two steel plates, each 400 mm wide and 13 mm thick, are to be joined together by welded lap
splice. The weld used is E80. See figure STMN 10.
36. What is the maximum size of the fillet weld that can be used according to the NSCP?
a. 11.5 mm c. 10.0 mm
b. 12.0 mm d. 10.5 mm
37. What is the effective area of the fillet weld using the maximum size allowed by the NSCP?
a. 5938.8 mm2 c. 6504.4 mm2
b. 6787.2 mm2 d. 5656.0 mm2
38. What is the maximum load that can be resisted by the weld using the maximum size allowed by the NSCP?
a. 1076.31 kN c. 935.92 kN
b. 982.71 kN d. 1123.10 KN
Situation 11: A 200 mm x 350 mm steel beam of 1 m length is subjected to a 10 kN/m load distributed over its
entire length. Poisson’s ratio is 0.3.
39. What is the value of the beam’s flexural rigidity?

a. 163,556 kN.m2 c. 142,917 kN.m2
b. 123,009 kN.m 2 d. 104,889 kN.m2
40. What is the value of the beam’s axial rigidity?

a. 14 GN c. 17 GN
b. 12 GN d. 9 GN
41. What is the value of the beam’s torsional rigidity?

a. 81,556 kN.m2 c. 95,009 kN.m2
b. 72,917 kN.m2 d. 64,889 kN.m2
Situation 12: A C310x44.6 is to be connected to another member by 11-mm E62 fillet welds. Clearance limitations
permit the two members to overlap by only z = 125 mm. Use Fu = 530 MPa and Fy = 300 MPa for
the steel. See figure SDTHHKD 880.
Properties of C310x44.6:
A = 4000 mm2
d = 300 mm
42. Calculate the load P based on yielding of gross area.

a. 590 kN c. 600 kN
b. 720 kN d. 810 kN
43. Calculate the load P based on tearing of net area if the strength reduction coefficient is 0.85.
a. 1060 kN c. 1272 kN
b. 822 kN d. 901 kN
44. Calculate the distance x.

a. 161.34 mm c. 89.32 mm
b. 85.69 mm d. 176.36 mm
Situation 13: A staggered riveted connection is used to connect 400 mm x 12 mm plates. The rivets are of 20 mm
diameter. The diameter of the holes is assumed to be 2 mm larger than that of the rivets. Use Fy =
248 MPa and Fu = 400 MPa. See figure STDS 89.
Dimensions:
a = 50 mm c = 70 mm d = 100 mm
45. Determine the dimension b so that the net area of chain 1-2-3-4 is equal to the net area of chain 1-2-4.
a. 72.10 mm c. 62.66 mm
b. 56.49 mm d. 42.67 mm
46. Determine the net width using the computed b.

a. 340.32 mm c. 329.11 mm
b. 348.32 mm d. 356.07 mm
47. Determine the maximum tensile force P that can be applied if the allowable stress for tension is 0.6Fy.
a. 680.63 kN c. 506.39 kN
b. 607.67 kN d. 816.76 kN
Situation 14: A steel column with an effective length of 8 m is fabricated from two channels laced together with
the flanges outstanding. Use Fy = 250 MPa.
Properties of each channel:

A = 4720 mm2 x = 17.1 mm
Ix = 60 x 106 mm4 Iy = 1.8 x 106 mm4
48. Compute the required back to back distance of the channels if the section must be equally strong in both
axes.
a. 122.56 mm c. 86.89 mm
b. 93.94 mm d. 187.89 mm
49. Compute the slenderness ratio.

a. 70.96 c. 141.92
b. 112.75 d. 56.37
50. Compute the axial load capacity.

a. 534.45 kN c. 566.16 kN
b. 1132.32 kN d. 1068.91 kN
Situation 15: A W shape is to be used as a bridge crane runway girder. The girder is on a simple span of 6 m.
Assume that the crane wheel imparts a vertical load of 80 kN and a lateral load of 8 kN at the
midspan applied at the top flange of the girder. A standard rail weighing 67 kg/m will be used.
Assume that the top flange is not laterally braced between end supports. See figure STBBD 55.
Properties of W section:
Sx = 1280 x 103 mm3 Fbx = 207 MPa
Sy = 361 x 103 mm3 Fby = 238 MPa
51. Compute the bending stress along the x-axis.

a. 96.06 MPa c. 79.41 MPa
b. 93.75 MPa d. 46.28 MPa
52. Compute the bending stress along the y-axis.

a. 120.33 MPa c. 109.33 MPa
b. 161.02 MPa d. 66.48 MPa
53. Compute the ratio of the actual bending stresses to allowable bending stresses.
a. 0.811 c. 0.732
b. 0.743 d. 0.633
Situation 16: Refer to Figures SCM10.02 and ST – 2

A column is built-up from 4 – 300 mm x 16 mm plates, welded to form a box section having a
width of 300 mm along the x – axis and a depth of 332 mm along the y – axis.
Unbraced column length with respect to the x – axis is 12 m.
With respect to the y – axis, the column is braced at third points so that the unbraced length is 4 m.
Assume pinned ends for both axes. Sidesway is prevented.
Steel yield stress, Fy = 249 MPa; E = 200 GPa.
54. Calculate the effective slenderness ratio with respect to the x – axis.
a. 94.2 c. 35.8 b. 53.7 d. 107.0
55. Calculate the effective slenderness ratio with respect to the y – axis.
a. 68.0 c. 34.0
b. 79.7 d. 39.8
56. Calculate the axial load capacity (kN) of the built – up column.
a. 2381 c. 1810
b. 4762 d. 2602
Situation 17: A steel plate of 10-mm thickness is used for the design of a cylindrical tank 3-m in inner diameter.
The longitudinal lap splices are joined by 16-mm bolts. Assume the diameter of holes to be 3 mm
larger than that of the bolts. Use Fu = 440 MPa and Fy = 270 MPa. See figure SSDFFT 44.
Allowable stresses:
Tension on net area = 200 MPa
Tension on gross area = 148 MPa
Shearing of bolts = 93 MPa
Bearing of bolts on plates = 220 MPa
Figure A = Tank
Figure B = 250-mm strip of the tank
57. Calculate the allowable tensile load on the plate based on shearing of bolts.
a. 105.5 kN c. 74.8 kN
b. 96.74 kN d. 66.7 kN
58. Calculate the allowable tensile load on the plate based on bearing stress.
a. 140.8 kN c. 121.4 kN
b. 133.3 kN d. 167.2 kN
59. Calculate the allowable tensile load on the plate based on yielding of gross area.
a. 391 kN c. 405 kN
b. 370 kN d. 330 kN
60. Calculate the allowable tensile load on the plate based on tearing of net area.
a. 372 kN c. 409 kN
b. 383 kN d. 348 kN
61. Calculate the maximum pressure that can be contained by the tank.
a. 375.47 kPa c. 265.69 kPa
b. 146.67 kPa d. 199.45 kPa
Situation 18: Design the welds for connecting an L152x102x9.5, short leg outstanding, to a 12-mm gusset plate.
Use E60 electrodes and A36 steel of Fu = 330 MPa. Consider a strength reduction factor of 0.85. See
figure STMMJ 67.
Properties of L152x102x9.5:
A = 2329 mm2
y = 49.3 mm
62. Determine the length of weld L1 if the size of fillet weld is 8.5 mm.
a. 65.94 mm c. 113.24 mm
b. 102.07 mm d. 74.84 mm
63. Determine the length of weld L2 if the size of fillet weld is 8.5 mm.
a. 238.22 mm c. 294.96 mm
b. 219.69 mm d. 389.21 mm
Situation 19: An axially loaded column W400x150 has its weak axis braced at third points. The column is pinned
at the top and fixed at the bottom. Use Fy = 350 MPa.
Properties of W400x150:
A = 18,000 mm2 rx = 155 mm
ry = 75 mm L = 12 m
64. Calculate the slenderness ratio with respect to y-axis.

a. 74.66 c. 37.33
b. 53.33 d. 106.67
65. Calculate the critical slenderness ratio.

a. 51.61 c. 36.13
b. 77.42 d. 54.19
66. Calculate the allowable capacity.

a. 3317.18 kN c. 3028.55 kN
b. 2975.88 kN d. 2445.62 kN
Situation 20: Refer to Figure SMM10.02

The pin jointed assembly (bracings not shown for simplification) supports a billboard 3 m x 4
m wide on each end. The total weight of the billboard is 30 kN.
Given:
H = 1.5 m
Angle φ = 60 degrees
Wind pressure q = 1.7 kPa
Wind pressure coefficient, c = 1.0
67. Determine the horizontal reaction (kN) at A.
a. 9.1 c. 4.6
b. 7.9 d. 15.8
68. How much is the normal stress (MPa) in strut BC, with cross sectional dimensions of 6 mm x 76 mm?
a. 45.8 c. 22.9
b. 34.6 d. 91.5
69. If the strut AB were replaced by a 16 mm diameter steel cable, determine the normal stress in the cable
(MPa).
a. 78.5 c. 90.6
b. 45.3 d. 156.9
Situation 21: The window washers A and B support themselves and the 15-kg uniform plank CD by pulling
down on the two ropes. See figure SDDMB 10.00.
70. What is the tension in the rope held by A?

a. 463.35 N c. 288.85 N
b. 833.85 N d. 337.90 N
71. What is the tension in the rope held by B?

a. 618.58 N c. 1013.51 N
b. 931.95 N d. 594.05 N
72. What is the vertical force that man A exerts on the plank?
a. 496.0 N c. 370.5 N
b. 337.9 N d. 545.0 N
73. A solid circular steel column is to be design to carry an axial load of 620 kN. If the allowable axial stress is 46
MPa, what diameter of column is required?
a. 151 mm c. 141 mm
b. 121 mm d. 131 mm
74. What force is required to punch a 20-mm diameter hole through a 10-mm thick plate? The ultimate strength
of the plate material is 450 MPa.
a. 241 kN c. 386 kN
b. 283 kN d. 252 kN
75. A metal specimen 36-mm in diameter has a length of 360 mm. A force of 300 kN elongates the length by 1.2
mm. What is the modulus of elasticity?
a. 95.35 GPa c. 99.89 GPa
b. 88.42 GPa d. 100.23 GPa
Situation 22: A mild steel column is hollow and circular in cross section with an external 350 mm and internal
diameter of 300 mm. It carries a compressive axial load of 2000 kN.
76. Which of the following most nearly gives the direct shear stress in the column?
a. 79.3 MPa c. 76.8 MPa
b. 77.5 MPa d. 78.4 MPa
77. Which of the following gives the shortening of the column if its initial height is 5 m?
a. 1.69 mm c. 1.96 mm
b. 1.73 mm d. 1.85 mm
Situation 23: Two uniform rectangular plates each weighing 1200 N are freely hinged about their common edge
and suspended by the central cable and four symmetrical corner cables. See figure HHQL 56.01.
78. Calculate the tension in each of the corner cables.

a. 678 N c. 1200 N
b. 407 N d. 401 N
79. Calculate the tension in the center cable.

a. 678 N c. 1200 N
b. 407 N d. 401 N
80. A 40 mm diameter bar is used as a simply supported beam 2 m long. Determine the largest uniformly
distributed load which can be applied over the right half of the beam if the flexural stress is limited to 60
MPa.
a. 1340 N/m c. 1040 N/mm
b. 1110 N/m d. 1440 N/mm
Situation 24: A steel beam W600x110 is supported by a bearing plate 300 mm x 200 mm x 25 mm on a concrete
wall with a thickness of 200 mm.
Properties of W600x110
Flange width, bf = 225 mm
Flange thickness, tf = 18 mm
Overall depth, d = 600 mm
Web thickness, tw = 12 mm
k = 36 mm
Concrete strength is fc’ = 24 MPa. Steel yield strength is fy = 248 MPa. The allowable bearing stress on concrete is
0.35fc’. Allowable bending stress of the base plate is 0.75Fy. Allowable web yielding stress is 0.66Fy.
81. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum beam reaction based on bearing on concrete wall?
a. 1,080.00 kN c. 460.00 kN
b. 504.00 kN d. 950.40 kN
82. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum beam reaction based on bending of base plate at a
distance k?
a. 178.90 kN c. 157.43 kN
b. 143.12 kN d. 83.49 kN
83. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum beam reaction based on web yielding at a distance
N + 2.5k?
a. 501.37 kN c. 592.48 kN
b. 534.25 kN d. 569.61 kN
Situation 25: A W10x22 column rests on a base plate and on a 400 mm x 400 mm concrete pedestal. The pedestal
and base plate are of the same dimensions. Yield strength of steel Fy = 248 MPa, effective length of
column Le = 5 m, bf = 146.1 mm, tf= 9.1 mm, d = 258.3 mm, A = 4,187 mm2, and r y = 33.66 mm.
Concrete strength f’c = 21 MPa.
84. Which of the following most nearly gives the axial capacity of the column?
a. 180.46 kN c. 204.35 kN
b. 195.42 kN d. 172.47 Kn
85. Which of the following most nearly gives the bearing capacity of the pedestal?
a. 946.78 kN c. 1,176 kN
b. 900.37 kN d. 1,094 kN
86. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum required thickness of the base plate?
a. 18 mm c. 15 mm
b. 20 mm d. 22 mm
Situation 26: Light-grade steel channel was used as a purlin of a truss. Each truss has a pitch of 1/8 and the
distance between them is 6 meters. The purlin has a weight of 79 N/m and spaced at 1.2 m on
centers. The dead load including the roof materials is 720 Pa, live load of 1000 Pa and wind load of
1440 Pa. Coefficients of pressure at leeward and windward are 0.6 and 0.2 respectively. Assume all
loads pass through the centroid of the section.
Properties of C200x76
Sx = 6.19 x 104 mm3
Sy = 1.38 x 104mm3
w = 79 N/m
Allowable bending stresses

Fbx = Fby = 207 MPa
87. Calculate the bending stress, fbx, for dead load and live lod combination (D+L).
a. 145.57 MPa c. 151.14 MPa
b. 155.79 MPa d. 320.63 MPa
88. Calculate the bending stress, fby, for dead load and live lod combination (D+L).
a. 169.48 MPa c. 698.80 MPa
b. 677.94 MPa d. 188.13 MPa
89. Calculate the maximum ratio of actual to allowable bending stress for load combination 0.75(D + L + W) at
the windward side.
a. 1.08 c. 1.67
b. 1.25 d. 0.96
Situation 27: Given are structures. See figure GGHTI 21.2.
90. Determine whether the structure is unstable, statically determinate or statically indeterminate. If it is
statically indeterminate, state the degree of indeterminacy. Refer to structure a.
a. Statically Determinate
b. Unstable
c. Statically Indeterminate to the 2°
d. Statically Indeterminate to the 3°
statically indeterminate, state the degree of indeterminacy. Refer to structure b.
b. Unstable
statically indeterminate, state the degree of indeterminacy. Refer to structure c.
b. Unstable
statically indeterminate, state the degree of indeterminacy. Refer to structure d.
b. Unstable
Situation 28: See figure KDST 45.0.
94. What is the degree of indeterminacy of frame a?

a. 5° c. 6°
b. 7° d. 8°
95. What is the degree of indeterminacy of frame b?

a. 7° c. 8°
b. 6° d. 5°
96. What is the degree of indeterminacy of frame c?

a. 7° c. 8°
b. 6° d. 5°
97. What is the degree of indeterminacy of frame d?

a. 7° c. 8°
b. 6° d. 5°
98. What is the degree of indeterminacy of frame e?

a. 17° c. 18°
b. 16° d. 15°
Situation 29: See figure QPGE 0.01.

99. Determine whether truss a is unstable, statically determinate or statically indeterminate. If it is statically
indeterminate, state the degree of indeterminacy.
b. Unstable
100. Determine whether truss b is unstable, statically determinate or statically indeterminate. If it is statically
b. Unstable
101. Determine whether truss c is unstable, statically determinate or statically indeterminate. If it is statically
b. Unstable
Situation 1: The hanger for each chandelier in the grand ballroom of a five – star hotel is composed of a 2 m
diameter ring weighing 2.5 kN/m and is supported by 6 rods such that said ring will be 3 m below
the ceiling support.
1. Find the tension in each rod.

a. 8.28 kN c. 2.76 kN
b. 1.33 kN d. 7.62 kN
2. What is the minimum required diameter of each rod without exceeding the allowable stress 124 MPa?
a. 5.32 mm c. 9.22 mm
b. 8.85 mm d. 3.69 mm
3. Which of the following most nearly gives the vertical displacement of the ring if the diameter of each cable
is 10 mm?
a. 0.53 mm c. 0.59 mm
b. 1.76 mm d. 1.58 mm
Situation 2: A steel rod having a cross sectional area of 300 mm 2 and a length of 150 m is suspended vertically
from one end. It supports a tensile load of 20 kN at the lower end. The unit mass of steel is 7850
kg/m3 and E = 200 GPa.
4. Which of the following gives the elongation of the rod due to its weight?
a. 8.7 mm c. 4.3 mm
b. 6.3 mm d. 5.4 mm
5. Which of the following gives the elongation of the rod due to the tensile load?
a. 60 mm c. 40 mm
b. 45 mm d. 50 mm
6. Which of the following gives the total elongation of the rod?

a. 58.7 mm c. 54.3 mm
b. 56.3 mm d. 55.4 mm
7. An object weighing 425 N is held by a rope that passes over a horizontal drum. The coefficient of friction
between the rope and the drum is 0.27. If the angle of contact is 160 degrees, determine the force that will
raise the object?
a. 681 N c. 1054 N
b. 1167 N d. 904 N
Situation 3: The vertical motion of mass A is defined by the relation x =10sin(2t) +15cos(2t) +100, where x and t
are expressed in millimetres and seconds, respectively.
8. Determine the position, velocity, and acceleration of A when t =1 s.

a. 102.9 mm, -35.6 mm/s, -11.4 mm/s2
b. 112.9 mm, 0.741 mm/s, -0.089 mm/s2
c. 125.4 mm, -46.9 mm/s, -9.2 mm/s2
d. 115.3 mm, 0.331 mm/s, -0.019 mm/s2
9. Determine the maximum velocity.

a. 33.28 mm/s c. 36.06 mm/s
b. 20.00 mm/s d. 35.38 mm/s
10. Determine the maximum acceleration.

a. 72.11 mm/s2 c. 52.73 mm/s2
b. 85.55 mm/s 2 d. 60.41 mm/s2
11. While driving around a curve of 150 m radius, an engineer notes that a pendulum in the car hangs at an
angle of 15° to the vertical. What should the speedometer read in kph?
a. 66.09 c. 51.33
b. 71.48 d. 82.54
Situation 4: A solid shaft in a rolling mill transmits 20 kW at 2 revolutions per second. The length of the shaft is
3 m and modulus of rigidity is 83,000 MPa.
12. Which of the following gives the torque carried by the shaft?
a. 1.59 kN.m c. 2.69 kN.m
b. 3.45 kN.m d. 4.81 kN.m
13. Which of the following gives the minimum diameter so that the allowable torsional shearing of 40 MPa will
not be exceeded?
a. 77 mm c. 59 mm
b. 85 mm d. 70 mm
14. Which of the following gives the minimum diameter so that the allowable angle of twist of 6 O will not be
exceeded?
a. 60 mm c. 56 mm
b. 49 mm d. 65 mm
Situation 5: A homogeneous ladder 20 m long weighing 50 N is leaning against a wall makes an angle of 15°
with the wall. Assuming that the coefficient of friction at all contact surfaces is 0.20.
15. What horizontal force (F) acting on the lower third point of the ladder will cause it to slip outward?
a. 4.89 N c. 5.05 N
b. 6.54 N d. 3.45 N
16. What horizontal force (F) acting on the lower third point of the ladder will cause it to slip inward?
a. 27.40 N c. 19.45 N
b. 23.09 N d. 31.67 N
17. A horizontal force F is exerted on a 20 kg box to slide it up a 30 degrees incline. The friction force retarding
the motion is 80 N. How large must F be if the acceleration of the moving box is to be 0.75 m/s 2.
a. 95 N c. 193 N
b. 223 N d. 104 N
18. A beam of rectangular cross section is to be cut from a circular log of diameter D. What should be the ratio
of the depth of the beam to its width for maximum strength in pure bending?
a. 2^0.5 c. 3^1.5
b. 2^1.5 d. 3^0.5
19. A rubber band has an unstretched length of 180 mm. if it is stretched around a pole having a diameter of 60
mm, determine the average normal strain in the band.
a. 0.0849 c. 0.0557
b. 0.0472 d. 0.0341
Situation 6: Refer to Fig. SAN 10.023.

A three – hinged arch carries the following loads:
P1 = 90 kN
P2 = 240 kN
Dimensions are as follows:
H = 12 m
S=4m
20. What is the horizontal reaction (kN) at A?

a. 190 c. 140
b. 250 d. 0
21. What is the horizontal reaction (kN) at the hinge at B towards A?

a. 140 c. 190
b. 250 d. 0
22. What is the horizontal reaction (kN) at C?
a. 0 c. 140
b. 190 d. 250
Situation 7: P = 10 kN and L = 14 m. See figure DSHT 22.1. EI is constant.
23. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at B?

a. 20/3 kN c. 14/3 kN
b. 17/3 kN d. 25/3 kN
24. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at C?

a. 10/3 kN c. 7/3 kN
b. 25/6 kN d. 17/6 kN
25. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at D?

a. 91/3 kN.m c. 70/3 kN.m
b. 35/3 kN.m d. 112/3 kN.m
Situation 8: Refer to Fig. EMN 1014.

Given:
Force A = 6.0 kN
Force B = 2.4 kN
Angle β =30°
26. If the resultant of the three forces A, B and C is 3.6 kN and it acts along the y – axis, what is the angle, θ
(degrees)?
a. 14.7 c. 11.5
b. 23.6 d. 36.9
27. If the resultant of the three forces A, B, and C is 5.4 kN and it acts along the y – axis, what is the force C (kN)
if the angle θ is 45°?
a. 4.24 c. 5.82
b. 3.20 d. 2.16
28. If the angle, θ = 60° and the force, C = 3 kN, how much is the resultant pulling force on the eyebolt?
a. 6.7 c. 5.4
b. 2.1 d. 3.6
Situation 9: The pole is subjected to the force Q which has components Qx = 1.5 kN and Qz = 1.25 kN. If β = 75°.
See figure MECH 3.09.
29. Determine the magnitude of Q.
a. 2.02 kN c. 2.24 kN
b. 2.10 kN d. 2.21 kN
30. Determine the magnitude of Qy.

a. 1.033 kN c. 1.089 kN
b. 0.781 kN d. 0.523 kN
Situation 10: A 200 mm x 350 mm steel beam of 1 m length is subjected to a 10 kN/m load distributed over its
entire length. Poisson’s ratio is 0.3.

a. 163,556 kN.m2 c. 142,917 kN.m2
b. 123,009 kN.m2 d. 104,889 kN.m2

a. 14 GN c. 17 GN
b. 12 GN d. 9 GN

a. 81,556 kN.m2 c. 95,009 kN.m2
b. 72,917 kN.m 2 d. 64,889 kN.m2
Situation 11: Refer to Fig. SAM 10.020

Given: q = 15 kN/m
L = 10 m
34. Find the moment (kN.m) at the midspan if x1 = 2 m.

a. 0 c. 187.5
b. 75.0 d. 37.5
35. Determine x1 (m) if the midspan moment = 0.

a. 1.5 c. 3.0
b. 2.5 d. 5.0
36. Determine x2 (m) so that the maximum moment in the beam is the least possible value.
a. 3.35 c. 5.86
b. 1.20 d. 2.07
Situation 12: Refer to Figure SAM10.05 – CD and DE of the gable frame shown are subjected to vertical loads
only along their lengths.
Given:
DL = 5.0 kN/m
LL = 3.5 kN/m
P=0
C1, C2, C3, C4 = 0
H1 = 3 m
H2 = 6 m
L1 = L2 = 4 m
37. Solve for the axial force (kN) at AC.

a. 34.0 c. 67.5
b. 85.0 d. 42.5
38. Determine the maximum shear at CD in kN.

a. 42.5 c. 25.5
b. 68.0 d. 34.0
39. What is the maximum moment at CDE in kN.m?

a. 106 c. 68
b. 85 d. 170
Situation 13: A rectangular beam 350 mm x 500 mm is used as a 10 m simple beam that will support a uniform
load. It is observed that the maximum moment acting on the beam is 401 kN.m.
40. What is the maximum shear stress?

a. 1.37 MPa c. 1.56 MPa
b. 1.44 MPa d. 1.22 MPa
41. What is the maximum flexural stress?

a. 18.56 MPa c. 27.50 MPa
b. 23.77 MPa d. 15.89 MPa
42. What is the shear stress at the point that is 100 mm above the centroid of the beam?
a. 1.15 MPa c. 1.32 MPa
b. 0.23 MPa d. 0.49 MPa
Situation 14: A solid shaft in a rolling mill transmits 20 kW at 2 revolutions per second. The length of the shaft is
3 m and modulus of rigidity is 83,000 MPa.
43. Which of the following gives the torque carried by the shaft?
a. 1.59 kN-m c. 2.69 kN-m
b. 3.45 kN-m d. 4.81 kN-m
44. Which of the following gives the minimum diameter so that the allowable torsional shearing of 40 MPa will
not be exceeded?
a. 88 mm c. 59 mm
b. 45 mm d. 76 mm
45. Which of the following gives the minimum diameter so that the allowable angle of twist of 6O will not be
exceeded?
a. 29 mm c. 35 mm
b. 49 mm d. 55 mm
46. A shaft is made from a tube 25 mm outer diameter and 20 mm diameter. The shear stress must not exceed
150 MPa. Calculate the maximum power that should be transmitted at 500 rpm.
a. 12.435 kW c. 14.226 kW
b. 15.323 kW d. 17.812 kW
Situation 15: A water tank 3 m in diameter and 6 m high is made from steel having a thickness of 12 mm.
47. When the tank is filled with water, determine the circumferential stress.
a. 4.54 MPa c. 9.84 MPa
b. 7.36 MPa d. 10.21 MPa
48. Determine the longitudinal stress at the bottom of the tank when it is filled with water.
a. 2.76 MPa c. 3.68 MPa
b. 4.64 MPa d. 8.59 MPa
49. If the circumferential stress is 5 MPa, what is the maximum height of water to which the tank maybe filled?
a. 4.08 m c. 3.86 m
b. 4.25 m d. 3.97 m
50. A spherical pressure vessel 400-mm in diameter has a uniform thickness of 6 mm. The vessel contains gas
under a pressure of 8000 kPa. If the ultimate tensile stress of the material is 420 MPa, what is the factor of
safety with respect to tensile failure?
a. 3.15 c. 2.15
b. 3.55 d. 2.55
Situation 16: A 1-m long cantilever beam of 300 mm diameter is to support a 70kN load acting at the free end.
The maximum defection is recorded to be 0.289 mm. Use poisson’s ratio of 0.22.

a. 70,125.03 kN.m2 c. 63,718.92 kN.m2
b. 80,738.18 kN.m2 d. 101,004.56 kN.m2

a. 18.42 GN c. 21.07 GN
b. 10.89 GN d. 14.35 GN

a. 66,178.83 kN.m2 c. 88,101.45 kN.m2
b. 44,991.45 kN.m d.
2 75,840.00 kN.m2
Situation 17: A connection consists of five steel plates, each 17 mm thick, joined by a single 10-mm diameter bolt.
The total load transferred between the plates is 1200 lb, distributed among the plates. See figure
SMAT 991.
54. Calculate the largest shear stress in the bolt, disregarding
friction between the plates.
a. 7.64 MPa c. 3.06 MPa
b. 4.58 MPa d. 6.11 MPa
55. Calculate the largest bearing stress acting against the bolt.
a. 2.12 MPa c. 1.41 MPa
b. 2.82 MPa d. 3.53 MPa
Situation 18: A 4-m tapered steel column has a diameter at the top of 300 mm and 500 mm at the bottom. It is
subjected to a compressive force of 20,000 kN.
56. Determine how much the shortening of the column is.

a. 1.92 mm c. 3.18 mm
b. 3.79 mm d. 1.63 mm
57. Determine the maximum stress experienced by the column.

a. 159.15 MPa c. 302.06 MPa
b. 282.94 MPa d. 189.41 MPa
58. Determine the minimum stress experienced by the column.

a. 122.67 MPa c. 101.86 MPa
b. 233.50 MPa d. 261.00 MPa
59. Determine the stress at a point that is 1 m from the top.

a. 211.89 MPa c. 189.41 MPa
b. 159.15 MPa d. 207.86 MPa
Situation 19: The two pieces of 150 mm x 200 mm wood are glued together along the plane that is at an angle Ø
with the cross-sectional area. Allowable shear stress is 16.654 kPa while for the allowable normal
stress it is 66.331 kPa. Use Ø = 18°. See figure TDHJK 45.
60. Compute the load capacity Q if shearing on the glued joint governs.
a. 552 N c. 5232 N
b. 1700 N d. 2700 N
61. Compute the load capacity Q if normal stress on the glued joint is to be considered.
a. 2200 N c. 7810 N
b. 6770 N d. 1800 N
62. Compute the value of angle Ø so that the normal stress is maximum.
a. 90° c. 45°
b. 0° d. 60°
Situation 20: The beam is supported by a pin at A, a spring having a stiffness of k at B, and a roller at C. See
figure GHIL 77.8.
Properties:
L = 12 m
w = 30 kN/m
k = 20 kN/m
EI = 500 x 1010 mm4
63. Determine the maximum deflection if there is no spring at the midspan.

a. 1134 mm c. 1620 mm
b. 1575 mm d. 1201 mm
64. Determine the force on the spring.

a. 31.78 kN c. 37.12 kN
b. 28.32 kN d. 24.55 kN
65. Determine the actual deflection at B.

a. 1217 mm c. 956 mm
b. 981 mm d. 1416 mm
Situation 21: A concrete pad is placed horizontal. It is subjected to a downward force Q = 300 kN acting
eccentrically with a = 0.7 m and b = 0.4 m. The pad is 4 m x 3 m being the longer side as the parallel
one to x-axis. See figure DKPO 57.
66. Which of the following gives the maximum pressure acting on the pad?
a. 91.7 kPa c. 45.0 kPa
b. 75.0 kPa d. 71.3 kPa
67. Which of the following gives the minimum pressure acting on the pad?
a. 25.0 kPa c. 5.0 kPa
b. 3.7 kPa d. 18.8 kPa
68. Which of the following gives the pressure acting on the center of the pad?
a. 35 kPa c. 15 kPa
b. 25 kPa d. 40 kPa
69. Which of the following gives the pressure acting on the location of force Q?
a. 38.33 kPa c. 39.52 kPa
b. 44.33 kPa d. 28.85 kPa
Situation 22: A cantilever beam is loaded as shown in the figure GKPQ 5.5.
70. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at the support?
a. 9.42 kN.m c. 4.71 kN.m
b. 2.16 kN.m d. 13.67 kN.m
71. Which of the following most nearly gives the deflection at the free end?
a. 108.83/EI c. 252.05/EI
b. 234.70/EI d. 133.45/EI
72. Which of the following most nearly gives the slope at the free end?
a. 34.01/EI c. 17.33/EI
b. 50.91/EI d. 29.61/EI
Situation 23: A fix-ended steel beam is subjected to a load w = 13e SIN(X) kN/m. Use I = 500 x 106 mm4. See figure
TOSHF 011.
73. Calculate the moment reaction at A.

a. 116.23 kN.m c. 97.65 kN.m
b. 173.50 kN.m d. 141.99 kN.m
74. Calculate the moment reaction at B.

a. 146.82 kN.m c. 106.75 kN.m
b. 188.09 kN.m d. 120.34 kN.m
75. Calculate the midspan deflection.

a. 7.40 mm c. 29.58 mm
b. 39.55 mm d. 9.89 mm
Situation 24: During a stress-strain test, the unit deformation at a stress of 78 MPa was observed to be 189 x 10 -6
and at a stress of 165 MPa, the unit deformation was observed to be 650 x 10 -6.
76. What is the modulus of elasticity?

a. 529.89 GPa c. 188.72 GPa
b. 199.99 GPa d. 431.67 GPa
77. What is the strain corresponding to a stress of 91 MPa

a. 257.89 x 10-6 c. 412.34 x 10-6
b. 339.45 x 10 -6 d. 501.76 x 10-6
78. What is the length of a member that elongates 300 mm when subjected to a stress of 100 MPa
a. 1163.31 m c. 981.76 m
b. 461.54 m d. 1587.30 m
Situation 25: A pressurized cylindrical vessel has a thickness of 14 mm and an outer diameter of 400 mm. It is
subjected to internal and external pressures of 10 MPa and 7 MPa, respectively.
79. What is the stress at the longitudinal joint?

a. 19.93 MPa c. 41.36 MPa
b. 39.86 MPa d. 20.68 MPa
80. What is the girth stress?

a. 41.36 MPa c. 20.68 MPa
b. 19.93 MPa d. 39.86 MPa
81. What is the stress at the transverse joint?

a. 20.68 MPa c. 39.86 MPa
b. 41.36 MPa d. 19.93 MPa
82. A solid circular shaft is required to transmit 200 kW while turning at 1.5 rev/s. The allowable shearing stress
is 42MPa. Find the required diameter of the shaft.
a. 183 mm c. 198 mm
b. 189 mm d. 138 mm
Situation 26: The bending moment acting on the triangular cross section of a beam with b=60 mm and h=120
mm is 3.60 kN-m.
83. Determine the maximum tensile stress acting on the cross section.
b. 100 MPa d. 175 MPa
84. Determine the maximum compressive bending stress acting on the cross section.
b. 100 MPa d. 175 MPa
85. The laminated beam is composed of five 6-in by 2-in planks that are glued together. The beam carries a
uniformly distributed load of intensity w over its 8 ft simply supported span. If the working stresses are 80
psi for shear in glue, 110 psi for shear in wood, and 1100 psi for bending in wood, determine the allowable
value of w.
a. 338 lb/ft c. 833 lb/ft
b. 803 lb/ft d. 308 lb/ft
Situation 27: A simply supported steel girder spans 9 m and carries 2 beams. Each beam subjects the girder to a
load P at third points of the span. The girder also carries a uniformly distributed load of 4.5 kN/m
throughout its length.
Given: Girder properties

Area, A = 12,320 mm2
Depth, d = 465 mm
Flange Width, bf = 193 mm
Flange Thickness, tf = 19 mm
Web Thickness, tw = 11 mm
Moment of Inertia, Ix = 445 x 106 mm4
Moment of Inertia, Iy = 23 x 106 mm4
Modulus of Elasticity = 200 x 103MPa
Allowable Bending Stress, Fb = 164 MPa
Allowable shear Stress, Fv = 99 MPa
Apply loads and bending about the x – axis.
86. What is the safe load, P (kN), based on the allowable flexural capacity of the girder?
a. 139 c. 120
b. 89 d. 104
87. What is the safe load, P (kN), based on web shear capacity?
a. 1200 c. 508
b. 343 d. 486
88. The allowable deflection at midspan of the girder is 25 mm. How much load, P (kN), can the girder carry in
addition to the uniformly distributed load so that the allowable deflection is not exceeded?
a. 202 c. 86
b. 121 d. 71
Situation 28: A 9 m high cantilever retaining wall is subjected to active earth pressure, increasing from 3 kN/m
at the top (free end) to 54 kN/m at the base (fixed end), per meter strip of the length of the wall
along its longitudinal axis.
89. Calculate the maximum shear (kN).

a. 128.5 c. 54.0
b. 243.0 d. 256.5
90. Calculate the maximum moment (kN.m).

a. 385 c. 770
b. 729 d. 810
91. If the wall were laterally supported at the free end, determine the moment (kN.m) at the base. For increasing
triangular load, Fem at the top = wL2/30; FEM at the base = wL2/20.
a. 138 c. 306
b. 158 d. 227
Situation 29: A cylindrical steel pressure vessel 400 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 20 mm is subjected
to an internal pressure of 4.5 MPa. Allowable stress is 120 MPa
92. What is the tangential stress in the steel?

a. 40.5 MPa c. 20.3 MPa
b. 21.4 MPa d. 42.8 MPa
93. What is the longitudinal stress in the steel?

a. 40.5 MPa c. 20.3 MPa
b. 21.4 MPa d. 42.8 MPa
94. What is the maximum pressure that can be applied?

a. 12.63 MPa c. 13.33 MPa
b. 26.67 MPa d. 25.26 MPa
Situation 30: A water tank 3 m in diameter and 6 m high is made from a steel having a thickness of 12 mm.
95. When the tank is filled with water, determine the circumferential stress.
a. 5.9 MPa c. 7.3 MPa
b. 3.6 MPa d. 4.1 MPa
96. Determine the longitudinal stress at the bottom of the tank when it is filled with water.
a. 5.9 MPa c. 7.3 MPa
b. 3.6 MPa d. 4.1 MPa
97. If the circumferential stress is limited to 5 MPa, what is the maximum height of water to which the tank may
be filled?
a. 3.98 m c. 4.11 m
b. 5.20 m d. 3.47 m
Situation 31: A steel cable is used to lift a load, W.
Given:
W (Total load including weight of cable) = 175 kN
Properties of the Steel Cable:
Diameter = 30 mm
Length = 12 m
Modulus of Elasticity = 200 GPa
98. Find the elongation (mm) of the cable as it lifts the load W.
a. 12 c. 20
b. 15 d. 18
99. What is the resulting strain (mm/mm) in the cable as it lifts the load W?
a. 0.00300 c. 0.00207
b. 0.00085 d. 0.00124
100. Due to a very heavy load, the steel cable breaks. The recorded diameter at failure is 27.5 mm. Calculate the
ductility (%) of the material.
a. 18 c. 16
b. 24 d. 20
Situation 1: A built-up wooden beam is formed by three planks nailed as shown. The section carries a shear
force of 5 kN.
1. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment of inertia about the neutral axis?
a. 1.0875 x 109 mm4 c. 1.0625 x 109 mm4
b. 1.0125 x 10 mm d.
9 4 1.0375 x 109 mm4
2. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear that the section can carry if the allowable
shear stress for wood is 2.45 MPa?
a. 40.83 kN c. 39.87 kN
b. 38.91 kN d. 41.79 kN
3. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum spacing between the nails if each nail can carry a
shear force of 1,200 N?
a. 94.86 mm c. 97.14 mm
b. 99.43 mm d. 92.57 mm
4. A rectangular wooden beam 200 mm wide and 300 mm deep is simply supported over a span of 8 m. The
beam is reinforced with straight tendons situated 75 mm above the bottom of the beam under a prestressing
force of 130 KN. Concrete weighs 24 KN/m3 with modulus of elasticity of 13,800 MPa. Assuming tension
concrete does not crack. Determine the midspan deflection.
a. 2 mm (downward)
b. 2 mm (upward)
c. 0.2 mm (upward)
d. 0.2 mm (downward)
Situation 2: The beam is subjected to an elliptical load distribution and the point loads shown. The reaction at B
should be zero.
5. Determine the value of force P.

a. 6.96 KN c. 15.71 KN
b. 3.21 KN d. 8.43 KN
6. Determine the reaction at A.

a. 7.11 KN c. 6.25 KN
b. 9.49 KN d. 8.74 KN
Situation 3: Refer to Fig. TDM10.01.

The timber truss shown is subjected to a concentrated load P = 20 kN. The truss members are of 100
mm x 150 mm guijo with the following allowable working stresses:
Shear parallel to grain = 1.0 MPa

Shear longitudinal to grain = 1.45 MPa
Compression parallel to the grain = 11 MPa
Compression perpendicular to the grain = 5 MPa
Dimensions are:
h = 0.75 m
L1 = L2 = 1.2 m
a = b = 150 mm
7. Calculate the minimum length, x (mm), required is the truss,
a. 200 c. 110
b. 138 d. 160
8. Calculate the minimum length, y (mm), required,

a. 10.5 c. 18
b. 14.5 d. 32
9. Calculate the axial stress in member AC (MPa).

a. 1.45 c. 1.12
b. 0.89 d. 1.26
Situation 4: A simply supported beam is 3 m long. It carries a uniformly distributed load of 6 kN/m
throughout its span and a concentrated load of 15 kN at a point 2 m from the left support.
10. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear developed in the beam?
a. 19 kN c. 33 kN
b. 14 kN d. 36 kN
11. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum moment developed in the beam?
a. 14 kN.m c. 16 kN.m
b. 19 kN.m d. 18 kN.m
12. Assuming that the beam has a rectangular shape whose width and depth are 150mm and 250 mm,
respectively, which of the following most nearly gives the maximum flexural stress developed in the beam?
a. 10.24 MPa c. 12.60 MPa
b. 11.25 MPa d. 9.61 MPa
Situation 5: The support consists of three rigid plates, which are connected together using two symmetrically
placed rubber pads. Each pad has cross-sectional dimensions of 30 mm and 20 mm. Use G = 0.20
MPa. See figure DHTQP 75.
13. Determine the approximate vertical displacement of this plate due to shear strains in the rubber.
a. 0.416 mm c. 0.626 mm
b. 1.667 mm d. 0.833 mm
14. Determine the shear stress between the plate and the rubber.
a. 4.17 kPa c. 3.13kPa
b. 2.08kPa d. 8.33kPa
15. Determine the shear strain in the rubber.

a. 0.02083 c. 0.04165
b. 0.01565 d. 0.01040
Situation 6: A beam is strengthened by adding a short post CD, supported by steelcable ADB, as shown in the
figure.
16. If the tensile capacity of the cable is 2 kN, which of the following most nearly givesthe maximum weight W
that the beam can carry?
a. 1.53 kN c. 1.26 kN
b. 1.35 kN d. 1.62 kN
17. If the area of the cable is 120 mm2, which of the following most nearly gives theelongation of the cable due
to the maximum tension of 2 kN?
a. 0.47 mm c. 0.83 mm
b. 0.26 mm d. 0.62 mm
18. If W = 850 N, which of the following most nearly gives the force in member CD?
a. 0.63 kN c. 1.08 kN
b. 0.85 kN d. 1.34 kN
Situation 7: The barge shown supports the loads ω1 and ω2.
19. Which of the following most nearly gives the total length L so that the upwardpressure is uniform and that
the barge remains horizontal?
a. 20 m c. 16 m
b. 18 m d. 15 m
20. Which of the following most nearly gives the shear at 3 m from the left end?
a. -174.00 kN c. -217.50 kN
b. -190.31 kN d. -239.25 kN
21. Which of the following most nearly gives the distance from the left end where theshear is zero?
a. 6.00 m c. 6.67 m
b. 5.00 m d. 5.33 m
Situation 8: Two uniform loads of 112 kN/m acting downward are supported by auniform upward pressure of
ω as shown in the figure.
22. Which of the following most nearly gives the uniform base pressure?
a. 96 kN/m c. 36 kN/m
b. 24 kN/m d. 48 kN/m
23. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear?
a. 48 kN c. 24 kN
b. 36 kN d. 96 kN
Situation 9: A boom supports a 100 N load as shown in the figure.
24. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the angle α?
a. 36.89° c. 18.47°
b. 25.33° d. 21.47°
25. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the angle θ?
a. 42.94° c. 73.78°
b. 36.94° d. 50.66°
26. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the axial force in the boom?
a. 258.11 N c. 255.98 N
b. 249.80 N d. 254.25 N
Situation 10: A circular timber beam 250 mm in diameter has a simple span of 4 m. The allowable stresses are
16.50 MPa for bending and 1.73 MPa for shear parallel to grain. The allowable deflection is 1/240 of
the span. The modulus of elasticity of the wood is 7.31 GPa. The National Structural Code of the
Philippines states that a beam of circular cross section may be assumed to have the same strength
in flexure as a square beam having the same cross-sectional area.
27. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum uniform load that the beam can carry so that the
allowable bending stress is not exceeded?
a. 13.48 kN/m c. 14.22 kN/m
b. 12.66 kN/m d. 14.95 kN/m
allowable shearing stress is not exceeded?
a. 31.85 kN/m c. 28.31 kN/m
b. 32.17 kN/m d. 33.40 kN/m
allowable deflection is not exceeded?
a. 7.34 kN/m c. 7.25 kN/m
b. 7.01 kN/m d. 6.83 kN/m
Situation 11: A square tube is made of Apitong having an outer dimension of 50 mm x 50 mm with a thickness
of 5 mm. The length is 600 mm. Its stress–strain diagram which can be approximated is shown in
figure TYHD. 22.01.
30. Determine the elongation of the square hollow tube when it is subjected to the axial force P = 100 kN.
a. 0.33 mm c. 0.25 mm
b. 0.19 mm d. 0.38 mm
31. If this axial force is increased to P = 360 kN and released, find the permanent elongation of the bar.
a. 17.1 mm c. 18.3 mm
b. 12.1 mm d. 21.3 mm
Situation 12: A 4-m simple span beam having a cross section of 150 mm x 300 mm carries a uniformly
distributed load throughout its span. Allowable deflection is 1/240 of the span. The wood used is
80% stress grade Apitong whose properties relevant to this problem are depicted below.
Bending and tension parallel to grain = 16.50 MPa

Modulus of elasticity = 7,310 MPa
Shear parallel to grain = 1.73 MPa
32. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum uniformly distributed load that the beam can carry
without exceeding the allowable bending stress?
a. 17.08 kN/m c. 18.56 kN/m
b. 16.37 kN/m d. 17.73 kN/m
without exceeding the allowable shearing stress?
a. 25.59 kN/m c. 29.95 kN/m
b. 25.95 kN/m d. 29.55 kN/m
without exceeding the allowable deflection?
a. 12.34 kN/m c. 14.23 kN/m
b. 13.42 kN/m d. 21.43 kN/m
Situation 13: A wooden frame is subjected to a uniformly distributed load w = 30 kN/m and a suction load P =
45 kN. Assume support at A as pin and fix at G. Connections at B and F are considered as hinges.
See figure STDDH 66.66.
Dimensions:
a=3m b=3m
c=2m d=8m
35. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at A?

a. 45.21kN c. 39.88kN
b. 36.18 kN d. 43.77 kN
36. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at D?

a. 140.50 kN.m c. 109.67 kN.m
b. 166.20 kN.m d. 116.90 kN.m
37. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at G?

a. 209.91 kN.m c. 240.37 kN.m
b. 213.58 kN.m d. 234.16 kN.m
38. A hollow circular tube has an outer diameter of 75 mm and a wall thickness of 5 mm. It is supported at one
end and carries a torque of 3 kN-m at its free end. Which of the following most nearly gives the shearing
stress in the tube?
a. 85.07 MPa c. 72.49 MPa
b. 79.51 MPa d. 83.10 MPa

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1. Entitled as the Civil Engineering Law.

2. Entitled as the National Building Code of the Philippines.

4. The one who developed the Area-Moment Method.

9. In how many days they could finish the job?

Pump rental = P500.00 per hour

Situation 6: In a concrete work, 2 m3 of concrete is finished in an hour by a group of workers consisting of 1

3. Which of the following statements is true for the given beam?

5. Determine the maximum stress that the concrete experiences.

7. Determine the balanced moment capacity.

9. What is the moment capacity?

Situation 6: Given is a rectangular beam having the following parameters;

d = 600 mm f’c = 27.5 MPa

(a) There are two or more spans,

Negative moment at face of all supports for:

Negative moment at interior face of exterior support for members

Shear in end members at face of first interior support ……..1.15wuLn/2

Shear at face of all other supports ……………………………… wuLn/2

Maximum spacing of Longitudinal bars

Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement

27. What is the maximum spacing of the longitudinal bars?

29. Compute the compressive force resisted by concrete in the beam.

30. Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.

47. Which of the following gives the required number of 28 mm bars?

Situation 16: A rectangular footing supports a square column concentrically.

Allowable stresses at ultimate loads are as follows:

Situation 19: A rectangular footing supports a square column concentrically.

Footing dimension = 2.5 m x 4 m x 0.75 m

Allowable stresses at ultimate loads are as follows:

61. Compute the compressive force resisted by concrete in the beam.

62. Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.

66. Which of the following gives the moment capacity?

69. Which of the following gives the moment capacity?

Mcr = Cracking Moment = (frIg)/yt

76. Determine the modulus of elasticity of concrete having a strength of 25 MPa.

86. What is the factored torque at the critical section?

Situation 29: Given is a rectangular beam having the following parameters;

d = 600 mm f’c = 27.5 MPa

410.10 Limits for reinforcement of Compression Members

ØPN(max) = 0.85Ø[0.85f’c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst] (410-1)

ØPN(max) = 0.80Ø[0.85f’c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst] (410-2)

407.11 Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members

4. Calculate the allowable tensile load based on shearing of bolts.

5. Calculate the allowable tensile load based on bearing on angle bar.

6. Calculate the allowable tensile load based on yielding of gross area.

8. Calculate the allowable tensile load based on shear rupture.

9. Compute the moment of inertia about the centroidal x-axis?

Impart on live load is 15/(L + 37), with a maximum of 30%.

14. What is the maximum web shear stress in the beam?

16. Calculate the maximum direct shear stress.

17. Calculate the minimum direct shear stress.

18. Calculate the maximum torsional shear stress.

19. Calculate the minimum torsional shear stress.

20. Calculate the maximum shear stress.

21. Calculate the minimum shear stress.

Properties of C400x40: Properties of L300x220x18:

31. Compute the value of P based on yielding of gross area.

33. Compute the value of P based on bearing on plates.

34. Compute the value of P based on shearing of bolts.

35. Compute the value of P based on block shear.

39. What is the value of the beam’s flexural rigidity?

40. What is the value of the beam’s axial rigidity?

41. What is the value of the beam’s torsional rigidity?

42. Calculate the load P based on yielding of gross area.

44. Calculate the distance x.