INTRODUCTION TO

MILITARY MUNITIONS
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 Munitions (Military Ordnance)

Why teach military ordnance?

Military ordnance may be:
Dug up at construction sites.
Get washed up on Shore
Discovered in the homes of veterans.
Often used by terrorists as designed or
IEDs
Non-Military EOD personnel and the public
need general knowledge to protect
themselves.
24 NOVEMBER 20087 UXO92 3
 General information:
 Inert/Dummy: Contains no explosives
 Training/Practice/Blank: Can contain
internal or removable explosives
 Service: Contains explosives
 Unfuzed: Contains the explosives but no
fuzing mechanism necessary to arm
 Fuzed: Contains explosives and fuze
necessary to arm and detonate
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 General information:
 Unarmed: The fuzing system has not been
subjected to the necessary arming conditions and
subsequently cannot function the ordnance.
 Armed: The fuzing system has been subjected
to the necessary arming conditions and could
function the ordnance if disturbed.
 Dud-Fired: Has been fired, dropped, launched,
etc., but has not detonated, and posses a
possible hazard.

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 Classifications:
 Thrown
 Dropped
Hand grenades
Bombs
 Projected
 Placed
Rifle Grenades
Land Mines
Mortars
Projectiles
Rockets
Missiles
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 Ammunition Color Code:

Ammunition is marked and

painted to identify its type and
filler
Note:
Never trust the color code as sole
identifier of the ordnance
Following Color Code for U.S.
ordnance only
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 U.S. Primary Use Colors :
High Explosive
Low Explosive
Chemical
Smoke
Incendiary
Illum/Pyrotechnic
Armor Defeating
Countermeasure
Practice
Training

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 PRIMARY USE CODE IS APPLIED, PREFERABLY TO THE
ENTIRE EXTERIOR SURFACE AS THE BACKGROUND COLOR OF
THE ITEM.
COLOR PRIMARY USE
Yellow High Explosive
Brown Low Explosive
Gray Chemical
Light Green Smoke
Light Red Incendiary
White Illuminating/Pyrotechnic
Black Armor Defeating
Aluminum/Silver Countermeasure
Light Blue Non-Combat (Practice)
Bronze Non-Combat (Training)
PRACTICE BOMBS:
 Grenades:
• Hand Grenades
• Rifle Grenades

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CONFISCATED from ASG 40 mm Rocket Propelled Grenade
(RPG)
 INTRODUCTION TO
MILITARY MUNITIONS
 USES OF GRENADE:
 Produce casualties
 Signaling
 Screening
 Illumination
 Destruction of equipment and materiel
 Start fires
 Crowd (Riot) control

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TYPES ACCORDING TO
FUNCTIONING
 Fragmentation (5m
Eff Kill radius &
15m Casualty
radius)
 Offensive (Blast &
concussion w/ 2m
casualty radius)
 HEAT
 Smoke (Colored &
WP)
 Incendiary
TYPES ACCORDING TO
FUNCTIONING:
 Illumination
 Riot Control
 Practice
 40mm (Special
Type)
 (HE, HEDP)
 Lethal at 5m
 casualty radius
15m
 Eff range 1,500m
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Grenade Precautionary hazards
• Cocked (hung) • Fire
Striker • Static
• Impinged Primer • Booby Trapped and
• Movement or Modified
• Ejection

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 GRENADE Safety Precautions:
 Wait 30 minutes before approaching a
dud grenade
 Do not move a dud grenade as it may
have a hung striker
 Assume all grenades to be armed,
booby trapped, and or modified

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 GRENADE Safety Precautions:
 Never replace a safety pin in a grenade:
 Secure grenade handles in the
position found, with epoxy, or Plaster
of Paris
 Suspicious grenades should be:
 X-rayed
 Remotely moved
 Do not lift grenades by the safety pin or
safety handle

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 GRENADE Safety Precautions:
 Never dispose of grenades by
functioning them as designed they may
incorporate:
 Booby Traps
 Instantaneous firing types
 Effective casualty radius is 15 meters,
but fragments may be projected as far
as 200 meters
 Do not approach aUXO92
smoking WP 20

grenade
 Projected munitions

It is designed for use in guns, howitzers,

mortars and recoilless rifles ranging
from 37mm through 280mm. 21
TYPES OF artillery AMMUNITION
 FIXED – used in gun cannons and
recoilless rifles.
 TYPES OF ARTILLERY
AMMUNITION
 SEMIFIXED – used in howitzers and
mortars.

U.S. 4.2 inch, M453

 TYPES OF ARTILLERY
AMMUNITION
 SEPARATED – It is used in Tanks
& Anti Aircraft guns.

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 TYPES OF ARTILLERY
AMMUNITION
 SEPARATE-LOADING – Used in
large caliber Guns & Howitzers.

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U.S. Projectile Marking System:

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PROJECTILE PrecautionARY
HAZARDS:
• Cocked (hung) • Jet
Striker • EMR
• Impinged Primer • Static
• Movement • Booby trapped
• Ejection and/or modified
• Fire
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PROJECTILE Safety Precautions:

 Do not move a dud projectile as it may have
a hung striker
 Assume all projectiles to be armed, booby
trapped, and/or modified
 Never attempt to push or extract a plunger
on a nose fuse; instead, gag it in position
found with epoxy or Plaster of Paris
 Suspicious projectiles should be x-rayed
 Remotely move projectiles until the fuze
condition can be determined
Mod 31-2: Mortar and Projectiles
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PROJECTILE Safety
Precautions:
 Do not approach a smoking white
phosphorus (WP) projectile
 If WP comes in contact with skin,
immerse in water and pick or squeeze
out WP. Seek medical help
 Do not attempt to push any pop-out
pins
 Approach projectiles 45 degrees from
the rear to avoid proximity fuse
Placed munitions (Landmines)
Types :
Anti-Personnel (APERS)
Anti-Tank (AT)

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 Landmine Fuzing Systems:
 First Generation  Second Generation
Direct Pressure Anti
1 – 30 kg Lift/Disturbance
Release of Electronic Delay
Pressure Magnetic
Pin Withdrawal Acoustic
(tripwire) With distance
Command determination
Detonation Friend or Foe
determination
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Self Destruct
 Anti–personnel (APERS)
 Considered an area denial
weapon
 Employed to delay movement of
troops on foot
 Designed to inflict casualties by:Italian Landmine,
 Blast AUS 50/5
 Fragmentation
 Directional Fragmentation

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Belgian, PRB–BAC
 ANTI–TANK (AT)
 Considered an area denial
weapon
 Employed to disable tanks and
vehicles
 Explosive charge:1.36kg to
13.61kg (3 to 30 lbs)
US, M15
 Designed to inflict damage by:
 Blast
 Shaped Charge (Monroe Effect)
 Platter Charge (Misznay–Schardin
Effect) Iran, YM–2
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Landmine Precautionary hazards:
 Magnetic
 Pressure
 Cocked Striker
 Anti–Lift
 Booby Trapped and/or Modified
 Self–Destruct
 Electro–Magnetic Radiation

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 LANDMINE Safety Precautions:
 Remove all metal before approaching a
suspect landmine
 Assume all landmines to be armed,
booby trapped, and/ or modified
 If you find one landmine, there will me
more
 Assume the following:
 AT mines are protected by APERS
mines.
 APERS mines are protected by booby
traps.
 All mines are emplaced
UXO92
with anti–lift 35
devices.
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ROCKETS & MISSILES:

Rocket, 66mm, HEAT

M72 Rocket, 2.75inch
HEAT

SAM, 70mm FIM-92 Stinger

 Projected Munitions

Projected Munitions
 Thrown Munitions
• Thrown Munitions – Hand Grenades
– Fragmentation
– Smoke
– Gas
– White Phosphorous

Thrown Munitions
• Thrown
Munitions– Hand
Grenades
(Fragmentation,
Smoke, Gas, and
White 38
Phosphorous)
 Placed Munitions
• Placed Munitions – Mines
– Anti-Personnel
– Anti-Tank Claymore
Placed Munitions
• Placed
Munitions –
Mines
– Anti-
Personnel
– Anti-Tank
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 Placed Munitions

Land Mines

Placed Munitions

Land Mines
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 Placed Munitions

Land Mines

Placed
Munitions

Land Mines
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 Military Munitions
Sophisticated, rugged and reliable, military
munitions are
designed and manufactured specifically to kill and
injure humans

• Anti-Personnel
• Anti-Tank
• Mines
• Grenades
• Sub-Munitions
 Military Chemical Munitions
Built on industrial-grade research and
manufacturing, these
devices are not run-of-the-mill improvised weapons
which
typically contain such materials as:

• Nerve Agents
• Blister Agents
• Choking Agents
• Irritant Agents
• Vomiting Agents
END OF PRESENTATION

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